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儿科英语论文翻译

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儿科英语论文翻译

需要翻译的篇幅比较大。

您好,请问您能把整篇发上来嘛?大部分手机公司会为了孩子们设计一些机型。但是,买手机的,付电话账单的却通常都是父母。 根据2012年7月份的一个研究,56%的8至12岁的儿童家长给自己的孩子提供了一个手机。 这个百分比同儿童的年龄成正比,儿童的年龄越大,这个百分比越高。 这项由ORC国际为了全国消费由者联盟(NCL)的研究基本证明大部分人都已经默认许多,乃至于大部分孩子,都拥有自己的手机。

康复医学毕业生:因为我是康复医学专业的毕业生,对于幼儿护理我也非常熟练,在贵公司允许下我可以在比较短的时间内运用中医推拿疗法为孩子消除肚子痛、头痛、扭伤而带来的痛苦。 Rehabilitation medicine graduate: because I'm a rehabilitation medicine professional graduates for childcare, I also very skilled in your company, I can allow at short time use Chinese massage therapy for children to eliminate abdominal pain, headache, sprain and brings the pain. 成为一名GO是我的梦想,我也相信自己可以出色的做好这份工作。 Be a GO is my dream, I believe that I can do this job well.

Randomly nanhai people's hospital on January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2010 pediatric hospital cases of children, and 209 respiratory infections epidemiological investigation analysis. Results: spring airway disease of the total number of cases, summer, autumn %, . Winter The sick baby, baby ratio of per cent for , childhood per cent for , school-age.

肾内科英语论文翻译

楼上的大多都是网络翻译过来的。语法都不正确!此论文涉及到专有名词,只有请你的同行高手翻译了。我用软件翻译了一下,效果一样很糟。我们是在无能为力!Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a high incidence, Xuesaitong injection in a hospital clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases one of the main drugs. Xuesaitong major components for the PNS, with Huoxue casual addiction, Tongmai active effectiveness. Pharmacological studies confirm that the goods have increased coronary blood flow, the expansion of blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lower blood viscosity role. For cerebral vascular diseases, including acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral vascular hemorrhage after-effects, paralysis and diseases such as retinal vein occlusion treatment. Through research Xuesaitong injection of pharmacological properties, clinical applications, adverse reactions and control measures, in order Xuesaitong injection provide a basis for rational drug use for clinical drug safety guarantee.

肾内科 nephrology department肾内科医生: néphrologue;nephrologue例句吴开木:主任医师,教授,著名内分泌、肾内科专家,血液净化肾移植中心主任。Wu Binghuang: Famous expert of acupuncture in our country, former dean, professor, professor of treatment of the Acupuncture &Massage Department of Fujian college of traditional Chinese medicine.首先,在我刚接触肾内科的时候,就对它很感兴趣。俗话说,兴趣是第一任老师。First of all, when I first came into Nephrology at the time, I became interested in it right away.昨日,武汉市中医院肾内科医生王建华提醒说,服用过问题奶粉的宝宝可以试试中药促进排尿。Yesterday, the Chinese medicine hospital in Wuhan renal physician Wang Jianhua said that the issue had taken the baby milk powder can try traditional Chinese medicine to promote urination.

The heart cerebrovascular disease has become the high morbidity, the thrombosis passes the inoculation fluid is one of hospital clinical care heart cerebrovascular disease's main medications. The thrombosis passes the principal constituent is 37 total soap glucoside, has invigorates the blood to disperse the hobby, promotes blood circulation the detachable effect. The pharmacology research confirmed that this has the enhancement crown arteries blood stream quantity, the expansion blood vessel, to reduce the arterial blood pressure, to reduce the cardiac muscle oxygen consumption capacity, to suppress the blood platelet accumulation, to reduce the blood viscosity function. Uses in the cerebrovascular disease including the acute anemic cerebrovascular disease, the blood vessel of brain hemorrhage sequela, the paralysis and disease's and so on retina the vein blocking treatments. passes the inoculation fluid through the research thrombosis the pharmacology property, the clinical practice, aspects and so on untoward effect and prevention measure, pass the inoculation fluid for the thrombosis the reasonable medication to provide the basis, provides the guarantee safely for the clinical medication. key word: The thrombosis passes the inoculation fluid, clinical practice, untoward effect, prevention measure

Department of nephrology

儿科论文英文翻译

费城察问者 2003 年8月13, 总不适当 由约翰・Curran 美联社 事业出轨的大西洋城- 验尸官在他拙劣地修补了验尸- 之后提示谋杀罪反对一个无辜的人- 将退休。但他安静地不会去。 艾略特总给他的$142,500 年工作作为医疗检验员为海角5月和Cumberland 县, 但他计划对战斗状态强加的认可源于他的3月2001 日差错在Ellen Andros验尸, 他说。 "My 计划为直接将来是采取所有步骤必要去除云彩被安置在我由状态医疗examiner's 无保证的行动, " 他告诉了海角县官员在信件。 总, 69, 是在火之下从上12月在Andros 验尸, 他认为, 31 岁的母亲二被窒息了。 他的结论带领检察官充电大西洋城市警察詹姆斯・Andros 以谋杀。 Andros, 对他的女儿的失去的监管和暂停从他的工作结果, 被免除一个月在他将去在试验在二个法庭病理学家以后回顾Gross' 之前; 工作坚定, Ellen Andros 死了于一个罕见的心脏病情况, 不是窒息。 总共获利, 承认他的差错, 由状态医疗examiner's 办公室下令进行矫正测试, 认为他的失察被构成的专业无能力。 作为责备一部分, 总被取缔了从执行未加监督的验尸和被下令执行20 验尸在一个状态选定的法庭病理学家的监督下并且观察20 其他。 上个月, 代理状态医疗检验员约翰・Krolikowski 说Gross' 工作在矫正测试劣等, 并且他拒绝复原Gross' 特权。 在, 总采取了未付的停薪留职时候。 但他说他决定退出在谈论他的困境以后与家庭成员的星期一。 "I'm 一定不退休从我的职业生涯, " 他说在采访。"Whether I'll 回来在其它位置作为医疗检验员, I don't know." 总共获利, 儿科学家的儿子, 起首要医疗检验员为康涅狄格州和最新首要医疗检验员作用对于纽约, 1987 年他被解雇。 他执行了超过7,000 验尸- 包括一个在前Beatle 约翰・Lennon - 在他的事业。数做了标题。 * 在纽约, 他说地铁街道画艺术家迈克尔・Stewart 死于心搏停止; 实际上, 他死了于伤害受当在警察监管。 * 在新泽西, 1995 年他开始工作, 总共获利被责备的直言力量精神创伤- 从一个爆炸的汽车空气袋- 为Tracy 托马斯, dentist's 妻子1997 年死亡; 迈克尔・Baden, 病理学家服务为福特Co., 主张, 她被扼杀了。 破烂物科学 真相在正义

这里就不对了But he will not go quietly. 但是他将不安静的去Gross Inadequacy 总的不适当哼

Philadelphia Inquirer 费城询报Aug. 13, 2003 Gross Inadequacy 极度不称职(双关语,因为文章对象姓Gross格若斯,gross也是极度,不可容忍的意思,“格若斯的不称职”)By John Curran 约翰卡元Associated Press 美联社ATLANTIC CITY - A coroner whose career was derailed after he botched an autopsy - prompting a murder charge against an innocent man - will retire. But he will not go quietly. 大西洋城 - 一个处理验尸不当导致清白人受杀人指控的验尸师即将退休,但他不会悄然离去Elliot Gross is giving up his $142,500-a-year job as medical examiner for Cape May and Cumberland Counties, but he plans to fight state-imposed sanctions stemming from his March 2001 mistake in the autopsy of Ellen Andros, he said. 艾利亚特-格若斯即将放弃他年薪十四万两千五美元,在五月角(Cape May)和康柏地(Cumberland)乡作验尸官的职位,但他说他计划反驳州府因他在2001年三月解剖艾琳-安卓斯尸体时的失误而加在他头上的禁令。"My plans for the immediate future are to take all steps necessary to remove the cloud placed upon me by the state medical examiner's unwarranted actions," he told Cape May County officials in a letter. “我在即将到来的未来将采取所有必需的步鄹以去除州验尸官莫虚有的形为加在我头上黑云阴影。”他在给五月角乡官员的一封信里说。Gross, 69, has been under fire since last December over the Andros autopsy, in which he concluded that the 31-year-old mother of two had been suffocated. 格若斯,69岁,从去年十二月以来一直因安卓斯验尸事件遭受攻击,他对安卓斯这位31岁的母亲的验尸结论是受窒息而死。His conclusion led prosecutors to charge Atlantic City Police Officer James Andros with murder.他的结论导致公诉员指控亚特兰大城警官詹母斯-安卓斯行凶杀人。 Andros, who lost custody of his daughters and was suspended from his job as a result, was exonerated a month before he was to go on trial after two forensic pathologists reviewing Gross' work determined that Ellen Andros died of a rare cardiac condition, not suffocation.由于被控杀人而失去了对他女儿的监护权并被停职的安卓斯,在两名犯罪病理研究员重新审查了格若斯的工作并确认艾琳-安卓斯死于一种罕见的心脏病而非被窒息致死后,在即将出庭受审前两个月被解除了罪名。 Gross, who admitted his mistake, was ordered to undergo remedial testing by the state medical examiner's office, which said his oversight constituted professional incompetence. 承认过失的格若斯,被令接受州验尸办公室的弥补性考核。州验尸办公室称他的失职构成了专业无能不称职。As part of the censure, Gross was banned from performing unsupervised autopsies and ordered to perform 20 autopsies under the supervision of a state-designated forensic pathologist as well as to observe 20 others. 作为禁令的一部分,格若斯被禁进行无人监管的验尸工作并被令在州府指定的验尸病理学家监管下进行20次验尸并观察另20个验尸案例。Last month, acting State Medical Examiner John Krolikowski said Gross' work in the remedial tests was shoddy, and he refused to reinstate Gross' privileges.上个月,州值行验尸官约翰-克劳利考斯基称格若斯在弥补性考核中的工作质量马虎,因此拒绝恢复格若斯的专业特权。 At the time, Gross took an unpaid leave of absence. 那时,格若斯已开始了不带薪离职休假。But he said Monday that he had decided to step down after discussing his predicament with family members. 但他在周一说,经过和家人讨论他的困境,他已决定辞职。"I'm certainly not retiring from my professional life," he said in an interview. "Whether I'll come back in another position as medical examiner, I don't know." “我决没有从我的职业生涯退休,”他在接受采访时说。“我不知我是否还会作为验尸官回到另一职位。”Gross, the son of a pediatrician, served as chief medical examiner for the state of Connecticut and later chief medical examiner for New York City, where he was fired in 1987. 作为一名儿科医生的儿子,格若斯曾是康州的总验尸官,后又成为纽约市的总验尸官但于1987年被解职。He has performed more than 7,000 autopsies - including one on ex-Beatle John Lennon - in his career. Several have made headlines. 他在职业生涯中解剖了7000具尸体- 包括前硬甲壳虫乐队乐手约翰-列农。 有几次上了头条新闻。* In New York, he said subway graffiti artist Michael Stewart died of cardiac arrest; in fact, he died of injuries suffered while in police custody. 在纽约,他说地铁涂鸦画家麦克-斯图亚特死于心肌艮死,实际上他死于在警察监控下所受的创伤。* In New Jersey, where he began working in 1995, Gross blamed blunt-force trauma - from an exploding automobile air bag - for the 1997 death of Tracy Thomas, a dentist's wife; Michael Baden, a pathologist working for Ford Motor Co., contended that she was strangled. 在他1995开始工作的新泽西,格若斯将一名牙科医生麦克-贝登的妻子翠西-汤马斯1997的死亡归咎于从汽车里弹开的保护气囊所受的钝伤,福特汽车雇的病理学家反对说她是被勒死的。Junk Science 垃圾科学Truth in Justice法律真相

Randomly nanhai people's hospital on January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2010 pediatric hospital cases of children, and 209 respiratory infections epidemiological investigation analysis. Results: spring airway disease of the total number of cases, summer, autumn %, . Winter The sick baby, baby ratio of per cent for , childhood per cent for , school-age.

肿瘤科论文英语并翻译

Night shift, try not to translate the you,----Cross-examine history, patients with pig disease without such animals before contact with these animals, nor vivid, patients with products of hui, no more pork edible history. According to antimicrobial susceptibility test results has applied cefoperazone and compound's new and rifampacin --. But high fever, chills, still cannot be controlled symptom onset seizures, and every day, the first - began lumbago, lumbar spine X-ray normal, giving oral antiphlogistic painkillers May 2, 750 mg moby-dick, after treatment, the waist/still pain, bedridden. Mri signal hint L4/5 disc is changed, there pus in intervertebral space already, the rear gb pus like intervertebral disc, the same into sedation vertebral bone destruction is inferior, the corresponding bilateral waist muscles plane in the abscess. In general, descending into orthopaedic lumbar posterior lumbar 4, 5 lamina resection, exploration, open L4/5 clearance, immediately after all there yellow viscous medium, and pus flow 4ml disc nucleus pulposus in degeneration and broken. Surgical removal of intervertebral disc degeneration necrosis as far as possible, rinsed repeatedly intervertebral space, dural rear surfaces placed the tube, properly fixed, the two confirmed lavage and drainage unblocked and closed after the wound. Postoperative from a tube perfusion antibiotics physiological saline, another tube after negative pressure. Because the patient during a change from the asana, in apparent flaxen purulent content derivation, 3ml about. After 1 week, liquid crystal temperature drainage normal after uproot the tube. After the surgery, the patient temperature decreased gradually to reduce lumbago, one week after temperature drop to normal. Training for pigs cholera still pus salmonella. After intravenous antibiotics 2 weeks after discharge continues to serve, ciprofloxacin 1 months. After a month in protected up activities, waist and flank pain without neurological symptoms. After six months, the patient waist activity return temperature is normal. Obstacles, MRI and lumbar 4/5 clearance no abscess lesions, intervertebral space height is lower than normal. X-ray examination reealed waist April/may narrow intervertebral space, bottom flange bone formation bridge. Follow-up to March 2009, has recovered completely without lumbago, etc, the instability of the lumbar spine.

Cytology of soft tissue tumors: Cytological classification of soft tissue tumors 有关软组织肿瘤的细胞学:软组织肿瘤在细胞学上的分类 Manoj Kumar Choudhuri (名字) Department of Pathology, B S Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India BS医学院,病理学系,印度西孟加拉Bankura Depending on existing knowledge, classification of any disease changes from time to time, as is the case with soft tissue tumors. The WHO classification of soft tissue tumors was first published in 1969 and was revised twice in 1994 and 2002. 根据现存的知识,对於”疾病的变化”所做的分类,一直随时间在改变。对软组织肿瘤所做的分类就是这样一个例子。世界卫生组织(WHO)对软组织肿瘤所做的分类,最先发表於1969年,并分别於1994与2002年做过修订。 Following are some of the major changes that have taken place in the latest classification: [1],[2] 以下是”最新分类’上出现的一些主要改变。 Fibroblastic tumor / so-called fibrohistiocytic tumor : The most striking change in this group is that malignant fibrous histiocytoma has lost its glory and has been relegated to an "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma." Myxoid fibrous histiocytoma has been replaced with "myxofibrosarcoma," which represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma in elderly individuals. 纤维组织母细胞肿瘤/即所谓的纤维组繊球性肿瘤(fibrohistiocytic tumor): 这个群组最显著的改变在於,恶性纤维所构成的组织细胞瘤已经不像过去那样意义非凡,现已被贬为一种”未分化多形性肉瘤(undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma)”。 粘液样纤维构成的组织细胞瘤(myxoid fibrous histiocytoma)已经被黏液纤维肉瘤(myxofibrosarcoma)所取代,这是老年人最常见的软组织肉瘤。 Smooth muscle tumor and skeletal muscle tumors : There has been no significant change in this group. 平滑肌肿瘤与骨骼肌肿瘤:这个群组并未有明显的改变。 Adipocytic tumors : A well differentiated liposarcoma has no malignant potential, thus, "atypical lipomatous tumor" is the preferred term when the tumors arise at extremities and other surgically amenable sites. However, the term, "well differentiated liposarcoma" is reserved for tumors arising in the retroperitoneum and mediastinum. Incomplete resection results in local recurrence even in the absence of dedifferentiation. Myolipoma and chondroid lipoma are two new entities included in the recent classification. 脂肪细胞肿瘤:是一种不具恶性潜能的分化良好型脂肪肉瘤,因此,不典型脂肪瘤样肿瘤(atypical lipomatous tumor)这个名称被采用,因为肿瘤发生在身体末端如四肢,以及其它适合外科手术的地方。然而,分化良好型脂肪肉瘤(well differentiated liposarcoma)这个名称,则是被用於发生在后腹腔与纵膈腔的肿瘤。即使在没有”失分化”的情况下,切除不完整将导致局部性再发。肌脂瘤(myolipoma)与软骨样脂肪瘤(chondroid lipoma)是新加入分类中的两个种类。 Pericytic tumors : Some tumors previously categorized as hemangiopericytomas are indistinguishable from "solitary fibrous tumors." However, sinonasal hemangiopericytomas appear to be truly pericytic lesions. Large groups of pericytic / perivascular tumors have been renamed as "myopericytomas". 周细胞肿瘤:一些先前被归类为血管外皮细胞瘤(hemangiopericytoma)的肿瘤,与孤立性纤维性肿瘤(solitary fibrous tumor)的区分不是很明显。然而,鼻腔鼻窦血管外皮细胞瘤(sinonasal emangiopericytomas)看似真正周细胞的损害。 周细胞的大群组已被更名为肌周细胞瘤(myopericytomas)。 Vascular tumors : Spindle cell haemangioendotheliomas have been renamed as "spindle cell hemangiomas." 血管肿瘤:纺锤体细胞血管内皮瘤(Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma)已被更名为纺锤体细胞血管瘤(spindle cell hemangiomas)。 All of us appreciate that diagnosis by fine needle aspiration depends on pattern recognition. Thus, cytological classification of soft tissue tumors is based on the principal pattern. Immunocytochemistry has been increasingly used in the recent past for further categorization of the lesions. 藉细针吸取所做的诊断,是依赖於对形态(pattern)的辨识。因此,细胞学对软组织肿瘤的分类,就是根据”主要形态”(pattern)所建立的。免疫细胞化学於最近已经逐渐被使用在更进一步的器官损害之范畴内。 Soft tissue tumors are classified into five groups [3] on the basis of their cytological results: 根据细胞学上的结果,软组织肿瘤被分为五个群组: Pleomorphic pattern : The aspirate is richly cellular and there is a marked variation in cell size and shape. Nuclear pleomorphism is striking and some of the tumor cells show large nucleoli; bizzare tumor giant cells can be detected. Pleomorphic liposarcomas, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcomas, and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas belong to this group. 多形性形态:抽吸(aspirate)完全是细胞的,并且在细胞尺寸与形状上有非常大的差异。细胞核多形性很突出,并且有些肿瘤细胞显示有大细胞核;可侦测到怪异肿瘤巨大细胞。多形性脂肪肉瘤,多形性未分化肉瘤以及多形性横纹肌肉瘤都属於这个群组。 Spindle cell pattern : Spindle cells are shed as fascicles. A typical spindle cell has fusiform or ovoid nuclei; the cytoplasm is tapered, unipolar, or bipolar; mitotic figures are variable. Fibrosarcomas and leiomyosarcomas present with this classical spindle cell pattern. 纺锤体细胞形态:纺锤体细胞褪为丛团。典型的纺锤细胞呈纺绽状,或者卵圆形细胞核。该细胞质一端宽一端较细,单极的,或双极的;有丝分裂的外观是易变的。纤维肉瘤与子宫肌肉瘤出现典形的纺锤细胞形态。

马诺库马尔Choudhuri 病理科,医学院校学士学位, Bankura ,西孟加拉,印度 根据现有的知识,分类,任何疾病的变化时,如与软组织肿瘤。世卫组织分类的软组织肿瘤是首次出版于1969年两次修订在1994年和2002年。 以下是一些主要发生的变化,在最新的分类: [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] 成纤维细胞肿瘤/所谓fibrohistiocytic肿瘤:最引人注目的变化在这组是恶性纤维组织细胞瘤已经失去了荣耀,并已降级为“未分化多形性肉瘤。 ”黏液纤维组织细胞瘤已改为“ myxofibrosarcoma , ”这是最常见的软组织肉瘤老人个人。 平滑肌肿瘤和骨骼肌肿瘤:没有重大变化,这一群体。 Adipocytic肿瘤:一种分化良好的脂肪肉瘤没有恶性潜能,因此, “非典型脂肪瘤”是首选的肿瘤时,出现四肢及其他手术经得起网站。然而,长期, “分化良好脂肪肉瘤”是保留的肿瘤中产生的后腹腔和纵隔。不完全切除的结果局部复发甚至在没有分化。 Myolipoma和软骨瘤有两个新的实体包括在最近的分类。 Pericytic肿瘤:一些肿瘤以前归类为血管外皮细胞瘤是无法区分的,由“孤立性纤维瘤。 ”然而,鼻腔血管外皮细胞似乎是真正的pericytic病变。大型群体pericytic /血管瘤已更名为“ myopericytomas ” 。 血管瘤:梭形细胞haemangioendotheliomas已更名为“梭形细胞血管瘤。 ” 我们大家都明白,诊断细针穿刺取决于模式识别。因此,细胞学分类的软组织肿瘤的基础是主要的格局。免疫组化已越来越多地使用在最近的过去作进一步分类的病变。 软组织肿瘤分为五组[ 3 ]的基础上,他们的细胞学结果: 多形性的模式:是该送气音丰富的移动电话和有一个显着变化,细胞大小和形状。核多形性十分突出,一些肿瘤细胞的核仁较大; bizzare肿瘤巨细胞可以检测。多形性脂肪肉瘤,多形性未分化肉瘤和多形性横纹肌肉瘤属于这个组。 梭形细胞模式:主轴细胞的下跌作为分册。一个典型的梭形细胞有梭形或卵核;细胞质是锥形,单极或双极;核分裂的变数。纤维肉瘤和平滑肌肉瘤目前这一经典梭形细胞格局。分给我吧,我求你了

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious hazard to human health, but also worldwide, one of the most common malignant tumor. HBV infection caused by a large number of studies have shown that the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma is the world number about 75 to 85%, but the specific HBV causes liver cancer has not been fully elucidated the mechanism [1]. Recent studies of hepatitis B virus genotypes, and various genotypes of the mechanism of HBV induced liver cancer has become a hot research. Domestic and international research shows that, HBV genotype may be associated with disease progression after infection clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment response and other anti-virus are closely related. Now widely recognized that genotype C caused by inflammatory necrosis and fibrosis is more severe than type B, and C-related liver cirrhosis and liver cancer; genotype B, the cumulative survival rate was significantly higher than C-. Recent studies show that, HBV DNA mutation rate than other about 10 times, HBV gene variation and clinical outcome of disease associated variant can lead to increased pathogenicity and replication, an important change in the host immune response against the epitopes and the generation HIV drug resistance. HBV gene encoding the overlapping of different, such as promoter and enhancer regulatory sequences and is located within the gene encoding, a part of the gene mutation will affect the expression of multiple genes to form HBV gene mutation [2,3], so more complete study of hepatitis B virus genome variability and its biological significance is particularly important. HBV genotype on the domestic and foreign scholars in recent years, the variation between sites and the HCC study done a lot in recent years, Yunnan has on the distribution of HBV genotypes reported, but on the HBV genotype and HCC variation between sites not been reported yet. This study aimed to chronic HBV infection in Yunnan genotype infection to understand the detection of variable sites, to explore the genotype of chronic HBV infection, common variable sites and the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma.翻译整段还真不简单。。。。。

药学论文汉语英语翻译

The acute cerebral hemorrhage, belongs to cerebrovascular diseases, is mainly featured by subsequent repeated headache, vomit, increased blood pressure and consciousness obstacles accompanied by hemiplegia. I've chiefly tried acupuncture adjunanted by Chinese traditional medicine since the outbreak of the acute cerebral hemorrhage till patients'recovering from illness and taking care of themselves and thorough dissipation of encephalon haematoma.

人工翻译,请放心采纳整体来说,药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配,生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄,以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂,药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是,对于医生和医学学生,药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣,或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。

无论哪个翻译软件翻出来的都是比较生硬的,一眼就能看出来。如果非要用软件翻的话,谷歌在线翻译相对来说好一些,不过还是推荐人工来翻译,北京译顶科技那边都是人工给你翻译的

Surfactants may affect drug dissolution in an unpredictable fashion. Low concentrations of surfactants lower the surface tension and increase the rate of drug dissolution, whereas higher concentrations of surfactants tend to form micelles with the drug and thus decrease the dissolution rate.表面活性剂可以影响药物溶出是一种不可预测的方式,低浓度的表面活性剂降低表面张力和提高溶出率,然而高浓度的表面活性剂趋于与药物形成胶团,因此降低药物溶出速率。Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is present in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine. 介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。这些聚合物组成,亚基或核苷酸,使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。核酸有两种,主要品种核糖核酸(RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的。 DNA是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质,而90%的RNA在细胞质现在和10%的核仁。核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。一般两个种基地发现,在所有核酸。一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。

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