首页

> 期刊论文知识库

首页 期刊论文知识库 问题

英语议论文总结怎么写

发布时间:

英语议论文总结怎么写

议论文的写作要注意三个要素:1。提出论点;2。组织论据,进行论证;3。得出结论。 常用的论证方法包括夹叙夹议法、例举法、比较对照法、因果法、逻辑推理法(包括归纳法和演绎法)。可以从正面论证,也可以从反面进行反驳。 常规整体构建模式 在一篇文章中,各自然段,各句子都为文章的中心思想服务,各段落之间,句子与句子之间存在着某种逻辑关系。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结,一篇文章 与一段文章一样都有“启、承、转、合”关系。 常规段落构建模式 考研英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段 一般比扩展段短。在这里,主要给同学们分析开头段的写作模式。 开头段一定要语言精练,并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨,具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四或五句即可。考生应注意以下若干要点: 1) 开头段的作用 概括陈述主题,提出观点或论点,表明写作意图。 2) 写开头段时考生应该避免的若干问题 ① 开头偏离主题太远; ② 使用抱歉或埋怨之词句; ③ 内容不具体,言之无物; ④ 使用不言自明的陈述。 3) 开头段的使用方法 ① 使用引语 使用一段名人名言,或人们常用的谚语,习语,以确定文章的写作和方 向; ② 使用具体详实的数字或数据 引用一些具体详实的数字或数据,然后做出概括性分析,指明问题的症 结所在; ③ 提出问题 提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题,然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短 讨论; ④ 给出背景 描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等; ⑤ 定义法 针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义,然后进行深入探讨; ⑥ 主题句法 文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题,然后围绕主题内容进行发展

英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能,恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场,开启话题,可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文,给大家作为参考,欢迎阅读!

英语议论文范文篇1

My opinion on copying others' homework

It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.

In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the should be honest and work hard to get high we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.

英语议论文范文篇2

Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.

If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.

英语议论文范文篇3

In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.

They copy them without the fear that they might be a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.

So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.

翻译

在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼,在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然,作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行,有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。

他们抄袭他人作品,不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少,现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格,而且污染学术风气,它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延,破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是,这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。

根据楼上的解说,按照下面的格式写就可以了,英语作文不想中文作文,不是太讲究你写的多好,你只要写的不出错,基本上会得不错的分数。能写好点也是不错的啦,关键还是不出错。例文:Everything has its two sides,so ***** are no exception. on the other hand,**............................. on the other hand,**............................. In my view, I have at least two basic reasons to prove my point of of all,**....At the same time,****........................That’s why I’m in favor of the idea mentioned in the 1st paragraph.

英语论文答辩总体结构怎么写

毕业论文答辩注意以下几个问题,对提高成绩是有益的。 一、熟悉内容 作为将要参加毕业论文答辩的同学,首先而且必须对自己所著的论文内容有比较深刻的理解和比较全面的熟悉。所谓“深刻的理解”是对论文有横向的把握。这两方面是为回答答辩委员会成员就有关论文的深度及相关知识面而提出的问题所做的准备。例如,题为<创建名牌产品发展民族产业>的论文,答辩委员会成员可能会问“民族品牌”与“名牌”有何关系。尽管论文中未必涉及“民族品牌”,但学生必须对自己的论文有“比较全面的熟悉”和“比较深刻的理解”,否则,就会出现尴尬局面 二、图表穿插 任何毕业论文,无论是文科还是理科都或多或少地涉及到用图表表达论文观点的可能,应该有此准备。图表不仅是一种直观的表达观点的方法,更是一种调节答辩会气氛的手段,特别是对私人答辩委员会成员来讲,长时间地听述,听觉难免会有排斥性,不再对你论述的内容接纳吸收,这样,秘然对你的毕业论文答辩成绩有所影响。所以,应该在答辩过程事适当穿插图表或类似图表的其它媒介以提高你的答辩成绩。 三、语流适中 进行毕业论文答辩的同学一般都是首次。无数事实证明,他们在众多的都是和同学面前答辩时,说话速度往往越来越快,以致答辩委员会听不清楚,影响了答辩成绩。故答辩学生一定要注意在答辩过程中的语流速度,要有急有缓,有轻有重,不能像连珠炮似的轰向听众。 四、目光移动 毕业生在论文答辩时,一般可脱稿,也可半脱稿,也可完全不脱稿。但不管哪种开工,都应注意自己的目光,使目光时常地瞟向答辩委员会成员及会场上的同学们。这是你用目光与听众进行心灵的接触,使听众对你的论题产生兴趣的一种手段。在毕业论文答辩会上,由于听时间过长,委员们难免会有分神现象,这时,你用目光的投射会很礼貌地将他们的神“拉”回来,使委员们的思路跟你的思路走。 五、体态语辅助 虽然毕业论文答辩同其它答辩一样以口语为主,但适当的体态语运用会辅助你的答辩,使答辩效果更好。特别是手势语言的恰当运用会显得自信、有力、不容辩驳。相反,如果你在答辩过程中始终如一地直挺挺地站着,或者始终如一地低头俯视,即使你的论文结构再合理,主题再新颖,结论再正确,答辩效果也会大受影响。所以在毕业论文答辩时,一定要注意使用态语。 六、时间控制 一般在比较正规的答辩会上,都对辩手有时间要求,因此,毕业学生在进行论文答辩时应重视时间的掌握。对时间的控制要有力度,到该截止的时间立即结束,这样,显得有准备,对内容的掌握和控制也轻车熟路,容易给答辩委员会成员一个良好的印象。故在答辩前应该对将要答辩的内容有时间上的估计。当然在答辩过程中灵活地减少或增加也是对时间控制的一种表现,应该重视的。 七、紧扣主题 在校园中进行毕业论文答辩,往往辩手较多,因此,对于答辩委员会成员来说,他们不可能对每一位的论文内容有全面的了解,有的甚至连题目也不一定熟悉。因此,在整个答辩过程中能否围绕主题进行,能否最后扣题就显得非常重要了。另外,委员们一般也容易就题目所涉及的问题进行提问,如果能自始至终地以论文题目为中心展开论述就会使评委思维明朗化,对你的论文加以首肯。 八、人称使用 在毕业论文答辩过程中必然涉及人称使用问题,建议尽量多地使用第一人称,如“我”“我们”,即使论文中的材料是引用他人的,用“我们引用”了哪儿哪儿的数据或材料,特别是毕业论文大多是你自己作的,所以要更多使用而且是果断地、大胆地使用第一人称“我”和“我们”。如果是这样,会使答辩委员会成员有这样的印象:东西是你的,工作做了不少!

毕业论文答辩的准备和技巧 毕业论文答辩是毕业论文教学活动的最后一个环节。是对已完成的论文的最后审核(论文的真伪和优劣)与检验(学生对研究问题所掌握的深度与广度);是对学生研究问题的水平和能力的综合考核,学生将要自主地以自述加答问的方式展示成果、阐述观点,应对质疑。 一、答辩前的准备 首先要做好心理准备。要克服怯场心理,消除紧张情绪,保持良好的心理状态。要有自信意识。这是学生应具备的最基本的一种心理素质。凡是有充分自信意识的学生,在答辩过程中就会精神焕发、心绪镇静、神态自若、思维敏捷、记忆完整。答辨就可以淋漓尽致地发挥。要做到自信,需要对自己的论文从内容、范围、材料有充分的理解和多方面的准备,做到烂熟于心。从整体到局部都有了然于胸的感受,这样就能对提出的种种质疑,应付自如,即使不能对答如流,至少也能迎刃而解,问有所答。真正做到“艺高胆大”,有了真才实学,就不怕别人提出质询。 其次要做好资料的准备。不要忘记将与论文有关的一些图表类资料整理好。如经济类论文答辩时,可能会涉及许多统计表、统计图、测算表、明细表、演示图等。准备许多相关的图表,悬挂在答辩现场,供作讲解之辅助工具。 最后要做好发言提纲的准备。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”不打无准备之仗,答辩者在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩: 1、自己为什么选择这个课题? 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何? 5、在研究本课题的过程中,发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见,自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的? 6、论文虽未论及,但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些? 7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚,在论文中论述得不够透彻? 8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么? 对以上问题应仔细想一想,必要时要用笔记整理出来,写成发言提纲,在答辩时用。 二、答辩技巧 学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要,这就是所谓“自述报告”,须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读,把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要,言简意赅。不能占用过多时间,一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被,画到无时是熟时”,就是说,尽量做到词约旨丰,一语中的。要突出重点,把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明;二忌内容空泛,东拉西扯;三忌平平淡淡,没有重点。 在答辩时,学生要注意仪态与风度,这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象,就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究(如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等)认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑,挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负;肩手颈正显示正直、刚强,脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此,就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守,略为弯腰有度,稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其所具风度姿态,即使全场有肃然起敬之心,举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言,对我们确实有很大的启发。 在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是: 沉着冷静,边听边记 精神集中,认真思考 既要自信,又要虚心 实事求是,绝不勉强 听准听清,听懂听明 在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里?从哪一个角度去回答问题最好?应举什么例子来证明?回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。 二、有开头主体与结尾。 三、有条理、有层次。 四、应用词确当,语言流畅。 五、应口齿清楚、语速适度。开头要简洁:单刀直入,是最好的开头,开门见山地表述观点,在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析,即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析,实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼,由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面,而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并,整理成若干条目,列成几个小标题:分成几点,一点一点,一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃,满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来,环环相扣,条条相连,令人听完后有清楚的印象。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲,那么沿着回答问题的主线,再穿上一些玉珠(举例子)就可以做到中心明确,条理清楚,有理有例了。

英语毕业论文答辩(通用6篇)

英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵,提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.

Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.

The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.

The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.

The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.

The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》,thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.

First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.

Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.

Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.

Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.

The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.

Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.

The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.

Thank you very much!

Good morning, Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.

And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!

论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点,并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。

论文陈述包含以下内容:

1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点

陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想,并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题,需思考:

2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由

理由要写清楚,一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。

3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点

一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以,同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。

论文陈述写作示例:

1、首先,从一个问题开始。例如:互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?

2、其次,表明你对这个问题的立场。例如:互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。

3、最后,发展你的答案。例如:互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消:互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点,以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。

英语议论文怎么写基本结构

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。 英语议论文的结构一般较为固定,通常包括以下三部分: 1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题; 2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论; 3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。 写议论文要考虑论点,考虑用什么作论据来证明,怎样来论证,然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点,然后分别进行论述,分析各个分论点,最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事,一段对话,或描写一个场面,再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理,归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题,然后一一作答,逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照,然后得出结论。 在具体写作中要注意下列几点: 1. 议题的提出要开门见山,不要拖泥带水。 2. 议论时可以采用不同的方法。如:可以摆出正反两方面观点,进行对 比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性,从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误,最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点,论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。 3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点,对讨论的问题做出总结。 4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用,以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括:first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore, consequently, in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion , to sum up等等。请看下面的范文:Shall we send children to study abroad? With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.

As is known to all, it is important to be/ do… I think there are at least two reasons for… For one thing,… For another,…. Let’s take… for example… From what I have mentioned above we can see that without… we can not … it is clear that…. play an important part in…Different people, however, have different opinions on this matters. Some people think that … According to them all of us should… Others argue that … in their point of view, nobody can without … Compared with…, has a lot of advantages over… There is no doubt that … As a consequence, …. In short, I firmly support the view that … It is because… So my conclusion is that ….(109words)1. 对立观点式: A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么? B.有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么? C.我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的一个坏处。 2. 批驳观点式: A.一个错误观点。 B.我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3. 社会问题(现象)式 A.一个社会问题或者现象。 B.产生的原因 C.对社会和我们生活的影响 D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E. 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子) There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will... 议论文有三要点:论点、论据、论证方法。论点:作者对某事某现象持有的见解或主张。论据:1.事实论据 2.理论论据 用来证明论点的理由或根据。论证方法:对比 归纳 演绎等......

写作准备:

1、熟悉写作要求。首先建议买本带讲解的真题作文集,浏览范文。熟悉常考话题、惯常写法、用词用句组段的特点。另外,结合官方评分标准,熟悉作文的各个得分档次,为以后自评自改作文做个铺垫。

2、积累写作素材。准备个笔记本,通读细读范文来积累常用词汇及替换词、词伙、句型、语法、话题、观点、案例、甚至写作样本等素材。

除过阅读真题作文集,还注意在平时的阅读和听力训练中收集话题写作相关素材。我个人喜欢的一档电台节目是中国国际广播电台(CRI)的“圆桌会议(Round Table)”,里面有当下非常接地气的话题讨论,比如拼车、快递、青少年犯罪等。

另外,TED演讲里也有非常好的原创观点,话题涉及教育、文化、科技、社会等不同领域。看演讲不但可以开拓视野,锻炼思考能力,有兴趣的话也可以研究其演讲词的写作技巧,对写作能力的提高也大有裨益。

3、打好写作基本功。英文底子不够扎实的同学可以从历年优秀范文中选取若干篇进行翻译-回译、背诵-默写等练习,在语法书、词典、写作老师的帮助下,锻炼遣词造句的能力。

组词造句这一关过了之后,就可以研究写作技巧了。写作技巧包括如何开头、如何展开话题、如何结束作文、如何让文章更有说服力等方面。写作技巧可以参照作文书里的技巧介绍,也可以自己通过分析范文来研究总结。

4、玩中写(可选)。应试作文写作模式比较单一,常常被同学戏谑为“八股文”,练习一段时间一般会产生厌倦感。这时候可以结合自己的兴趣,选择非常喜欢的看图说话类、故事类、时尚类、抒情类好句好文进行仿写、改写、续写、扩写、缩写、口头写等练习;

也可以任意发挥进行自由写、创意写、记日记,这些看似“无用”的练习都可以提升写作兴趣和写作基础。综合使用各种练习方法,可以全面提升写作和口语表达水平。写作水平提高了,口语也无疑会有长足的进步。

写作格式:

1、审题:拿到题目后先读题,标出关键信息。这一步注意弄清题意,知道通过写作要解决什么问题。

2、明确立场:作为当代大学生,需要以国际化的视野,科学、批判性地看待问题和分析问题。因此,注意我们的观点最好符合社会发展的大趋势,同时又能辩证地分析大趋势下的部分逆流并加以诊断性分析。

3、头脑风暴收集素材、并简单分类:这一步把自己的话题观点、案例、相关词汇等列出来,备忘。基于读题信息和收集的素材,形成论点,根据题意选择适当的素材,形成一个两百多字能说清楚的论点。

4、打好框架:一般来讲,250字儿的作文可以分为四至五段。第一段先给出论点,主体段结合审题阶段的观点类素材进行分类,草拟出每段的主题句(可以是短语),即分论点。然后把细节、事实、案例等素材与主题句对应,以便进行解释、举例、或补充。最后一段可以是对论点的情境化深入,也可以是分论点的整体性解析。

5、修改:写完后,用官方评分标准来分析自己的作文,给自己评分。然后与范文对比优缺点,再修订或重写。经得起推敲的好文是一遍遍修改出来的。

扩展资料:

英语议论文的注意事项:要坚持积累和训练,要写就写得整齐。应试中短文写作部分通常叫essay writing,其实只是要求考生表达对某事的立场或观点加之简要的分析和解释而已,因此除非有明确要求,通常不需要写题目。因为在国外所谓有题目的essay要正式的多,通常为上千字到几千字,有些甚至包括文献综述及分析。

如果要求写题目,那也是为了提醒考生在写作过程中时刻保持focus不至于跑题。作文题目一般有名字短语(如My View on Learning with APPs)、问句(如Is Learning with APPs a Good thing?)等形式。

其实质上是对审题阶段所提问题discussion question的陈述或回答,而正文其实就是对问题的分析和解答。 如果正文不能回答题目中蕴含的问题,那就是“文不对题”了。

议论文是一种以议论为主要表达方式,通过摆事实、讲道理来对客观事物进行分析、评论,表达作者见解或主张的一类文章。论点、论据和论证,是议论文缺一不可的要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持的看法或主张;论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理;论证是用论据证明论点的过程和方法。这三要素的关系是:提出论点"要说明什么问题",论证论点解决"怎么去证明",最后得出结论。对于初学写作者来说,论证就是写分析语,借以展开议论。一般讲来,传统论述结构为三段式:1.开头--引出论点;2.主题--运用分析、推论等方法论证观点;3.结尾--得出结论。以"Youmustbemorecareful."为例:为了论证这一中心论点,可举出事例:1))Youmustn')Beforeyoucrosstheroad,youmustlookcarefully.等。写议论文要注意以下两点:1.要一事一议。就是通过生活中的小事情、小问题来阐述道理,或者从大事情、大问题中选择某个侧面、某个角度来展开议论,动词多用一般现在时。2.在写作时允许有记叙和描述,但这些记叙和描述都只能是说理的辅助手段,不能喧宾夺主,要尽可能用最少的词句,简明扼要地把事情概括出来。在初中阶段,我们接触的主要是写发言稿、讨论稿,命题作文等,形式上可以比较活泼、轻松,如开头用Goodmorning.或Hello!Boysandgirls.结尾以That'.等结束话题。

英语结课论文怎么写

英语论文怎么写如下:

(说明:关键词Key Words为加粗。冒号后加空格再接关键词,相邻词间用逗号分隔。每个关键词.的首字大写。从"摘要”开始到”参考文献”结束,所有正文的字体均为Times New Roman, 12磅;两端对齐。均采用倍行距)

范例:Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is

closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years,

idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, butcultural differences were rarely involved in it.(ldentify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese- English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle

of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom

translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

一、初定题目,探讨深入一般而言,每门课结束后,导师都会给出一个论文title的list,学生可以根据自己感兴趣的方向进行初步的定位。根据初步选定的题目,可以和任课导师做一个简单的分析,探讨自己选的题目与自己的构想是否可行。要充分利用导师这个资源,不要害羞觉得自己想法幼稚或英文不好而不肯交流。导师能够及时给予你想法上的支持以及文献的推荐。甚至有时候给你开辟新思路。二、内容规划,时间安排在写论文的时候都会先准备一个草稿纸,上面会列出一个大体的规划。例如几月几日要进行到哪一部分的写作,几月几日到几月几日要完成哪一部分的阅读。每个部分的字数分配大概是怎样。列出这个草稿后会帮助自己去梳理。也更容易在合理的时间内完成论文初稿的写作,进行下一步的修改。三、引经据典,强势支撑定下题目后,学生就可以根据导师给出的book list去图书馆找相关书籍,用前人的论点论据是支持自己的观点。这一个过程在平时小作文中,甚至可能持续一两周,在毕业论文期间则是占用了更久的时间。学生可以准备一个本子,将觉得有用的,可以拿来说论点支撑的内容,作者,书名,出版年限及页码都记下来,在reference环节非常有用。任何一个新结论都需要旁征博引,用事实既定的例子去论证。适当的可以选择图片,列表进行辅助说明。四、再次重申,总结言论最后,根据摆事实讲道理,梳理与重申自己的观点。一般在最后的章节与环节上,建议学生还是需要谨慎对待,不能虎头蛇尾,有一个好的开始也需要一个精彩的结尾。这是抄的,最重要的是,定出outline,然后定期和导师碰面,写论文往一个议题去写,而不是写很多内容,最后英国有查重系统,会对剽窃的文章进行严罚,就这么多吧

这个就来请教我好了~

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。

4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料:

发表论文作用:

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:

1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

英语议论文标题怎么写

1、英文题名(标题)

1) 题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。

例如:Discussion About the Envy of Children an the Aged(儿童与老人之妒论略),Principles to Follow inEnrolling Talents in Higher Education Institutions(高校人才引进应遵循的原则)。短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰。

各个词的顺序很重要,词序不当,会导致表达不准。题名一般不应是陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义;况且陈述句不够精练和醒目,重点也不易突出。

少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名,因为疑问句可有探讨性语气,易引起读者兴趣。例如:Can Agricultural Mechanization be Realized Without Petroleum?(农业机械化能离开石油吗?)。

2) 题名的字数。题名不应过长。总的原则是,题名应确切、简练、醒目,在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下,题名词数越少越好,一般不宜超过10个实词。专家建议不要超过15个字,根据人的记忆特点,最好不超过12个字,否则不易记忆,最大限度一般不超过20个字。

3) 中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。

4) 题名中的大小写。题名字母的大小写有以下三种格式。

A.全部字母大写。例如:DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ENVYOF CHIDREN AND THE AGED。

B.每个词的首字母大写,但三个或四个字母以下的虚词(介词、冠词、连词、感叹词)首字母小写,超过5个字母的虚词,如between、without、alongside、underneath等应该大写。全部小写。例如:From“Go-back-to-history”to Non-history —- A Criticism of New Historicism。

C.题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余字母均小写。例如:Topographic inversion of interval velocities.一般采用B格式。

2、作者与作者单位的英译

1) 作者。中国人名按汉语拼音拼写。中国作者姓名的汉语拼音采用如下写法:姓前名 后,中间为空格,例如:Li Ping(李平)Li Xiaoping(李小平)。

2) 单位。单位名称要写全(由小到大)。例如:No. 152, Xingan West Road, Guangzhou,Guangdong。地名的拼写方法是:第一个字的头字母大写,后面的字紧跟在后面小写,例如:Beijing, Nanhai。

英文摘要

原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,摘要的内容主要是:

(1)点明主题,解析文章的目的或意图;

(2)介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌;

(3)提出结论或建议,以供读者参考。但是,英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。

因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。

对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,

一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题。

二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。

选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律:

1) 英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。

A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时。

B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)。需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。

C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用,但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。

2) 英文摘要的语态。采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。

采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁做的,无须一一证明;为强调动作承受者;有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语,例如:In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might beobtained. 在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常使用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。

而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。

3) 英文摘要的人称。摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper? 等开头,或采用更简洁的被动语态,一般不用第一人称。

4)遣词造句。掌握一定的遣词造句技巧,简单、准确地表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。

A. 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。

例如,英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等,以便于读者理解。

B. 造句。尽量使用短句,长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为:

(1)表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首In order to?;This paper describes?;The purpose of this study is?

(2)表示研究的对象与方法The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied?

(3)表示研究的结果:The result showed/It proved/The authors found that?

(4)表示结论、观点或建议:The authors suggest/conclude/consider that? 。二是尽量采用-ing分词和-ed分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。

由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的“时间差”,而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用-ing分词和-ed分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。

5) 注意事项。在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。

A. 冠词。主要是定冠词the易被漏用。the用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用the时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。

例如:The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated withsolar energy.由于现在缩略语越来越多,要注意区分a和an,如an X ray.

B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如:Three hundred samples arecollected? 中的Threehundred不要写成300。

C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。总之,多看英文文献,积累经验,摸索规律,提高英文写作水平,才能写好英文摘要。

1. The power of smiles微笑的力量 2. The meaning of life人生的意义 3. Value every minute珍惜每一分(秒) give up永不放弃 greatest pain in life人生最大的悲痛 it off and step up重整旗鼓向前进 to fear无所畏惧 , today and tomorrow昨天,今天和明天 9 Love is understanding爱就是理解 's vase/grandpa's chair/mom's gloves/dad's bike 外婆的花瓶/爷爷的椅子/母亲的手套/父亲的自行车 提问者:RBilly - 助理 二级 : 选了十个题目.你可试写一两个.平时多下手写写感想.多思考些日常小事, 其实就是把你平时的一些想法,或是注意到一些现象,整理一下.加点个人想法,就会是一篇很好的文章了.只要是发自内心的声音都会是动听的.考试时你也会下笔如神了.懂吗? 祝好! 随便写点什么,可是一些感想,也可以是一小段描写,总之你能中文写的东西也要尝试着用英语写,这样时间久了就好了.

1. 位置题目应写在第一行的中间,题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。2. 大小写(1)题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。从第二个单词起,其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写,而冠词、介词和连词等虚词的第一个字母则一般小写。这种写法比较正规。如:A Day to Remember;Let's Go in for Sports(2)题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。如:My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain(3)有时我们也会看到只有第一个单词的首字母大写的标题。如: Afghan schools try to survive under attacksClimate change: youth see their future in the balance

问题一:英文论文的详细格式 外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) 外国语学院 2001级英语教育 1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。) 【Key Words】 idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) … 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,......>> 问题二:英语论文一级标题二级标题怎么表示 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。) 【Key Words】 idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a),......>> 问题三:英语论文标题怎么写 要原创,找国涛期刊 驳论文的驳法有三种:反驳论点、反驳论据、反驳论证。反驳论证相对于前两者更高了一个层次。 议论虽有立论、驳论两种方式,但两者不是完全分开的。驳和立是辨证的统一。在立论性的文章中,有时也要批驳错误论点;在驳论性的文章中,一般也要在批驳错误论点的同时,阐明正确的观点。因此,立论和驳论在议论文中常常是结合起来使用的。 直接驳和间接驳的差别 ①如果直接以论点出发,那就算是直接驳论 ②如果通过各种论据来反驳论点的算间接驳论 问题四:英语文章标题的写法 1. 位置题目应写在第一行的中间,题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。2. 大小写(1)题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。从第二个单词起,其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写,而冠词、介词和连词等虚词的第一个字母则一般小写。这种写法比较正规。如:A Day to Remember;Let's Go in for Sports(2)题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。如:My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain(3)有时我们也会看到只有第一个单词的首字母大写的标题。如: Afghan schools try to survive under attacksClimate change: youth see their future in the balance 问题五:论文英文标题大小写问题 Research on The Strategies of Improving The Learning Ability of China’s Enterprises 问题六:英文论文中一级标题和二级标题怎么分? 选择章节标题后,右键-段落-大纲级别设置成一级标题或二级标题。比如,把第一页做成了第一章节,第二页以后的做做为第二章节。你在第一页设置一个标题并设置成一级标题,第二页设置一个标题设置成一级标题就可以了。或者,打开格式中的样式,然后选一个标题1、2、3随意选就行了。可以点击更改,再点击格式-段落、字体更改。后面还有一个快捷键可以随意更改。 问题七:一篇英文论文中的一个小标题怎么翻译Reception in Medical History 题干不详 问题八:英语论文一级标题二级标题怎么表示 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。) 【Key Words】 idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) 1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a),......>> 问题九:英语文章标题的写法 1. 位置题目应写在第一行的中间,题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。2. 大小写(1)题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。从第二个单词起,其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写,而冠词、介词和连词等虚词的第一个字母则一般小写。这种写法比较正规。如:A Day to Remember;Let's Go in for Sports(2)题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。如:My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain(3)有时我们也会看到只有第一个单词的首字母大写的标题。如: Afghan schools try to survive under attacksClimate change: youth see their future in the balance 问题十:英语论文标题怎么写 要原创,找国涛期刊 驳论文的驳法有三种:反驳论点、反驳论据、反驳论证。反驳论证相对于前两者更高了一个层次。 议论虽有立论、驳论两种方式,但两者不是完全分开的。驳和立是辨证的统一。在立论性的文章中,有时也要批驳错误论点;在驳论性的文章中,一般也要在批驳错误论点的同时,阐明正确的观点。因此,立论和驳论在议论文中常常是结合起来使用的。 直接驳和间接驳的差别 ①如果直接以论点出发,那就算是直接驳论 ②如果通过各种论据来反驳论点的算间接驳论

相关百科

热门百科

首页
发表服务