发布时间：
当代英美文学之中的存在主义隶属于当代西方国家的哲学体系,也属于文学理论研究的重要的流派之一下面是我为大家整理的英美文学毕业论文，供大家参考。
一、引言
在中国，自古就有“书读百遍，其义自见”的古训。这句话的含义是在语言学习中，只要不断地进行阅读，在不知不觉中就会了解其中的含义。在英语学习中这个方法其实要一分为二地看待，一方面，通过不断诵读，确实能够有效地稳固学生对于单词、句子结构、整体语感的掌握，但是另一方面，由于英语并不是中国学生的母语，就是阅读再多遍，也不可能达到“其义自见”的程度。这种情况下，英美文学作品的重要性就凸显出来了。我们知道，文学作品是语言文字的集大成者，它是一项非常复杂的但是涵盖面极广的语言的精炼和巧妙的运用。文学作品对于语言文字的驾驭和使用只会高出一般语言文字的使用要求而不会比这个要求更低，那么在英语教学中，是不是可以引入英美文学这一元素，以培养学生英美文学素养这一教学目标来全面提升学生的英语成绩呢?答案是肯定的，经过教学实践，教师们发现，将大量的英美文学作品引入教学过程中，将培养学生英美文学素养作为重要教学目标并以此为基础进行教学活动的确能够极大提升学生的英语成绩，并且学生的英语驾驭能力也有了不小的提升，达到了兼具考试和实用两个层次的价值，对学生的全面成长是极为有利的。
二、当前大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的必要性和可行性分析
1、培养学生英美文学素养能够让学生在潜移默化中更加深刻了解西方文化
文化是语言的基础，文化这一看不见摸不着的事物决定着语言的所有要素。任何一种语言都带有鲜明的地域特色，都是一个国家或者地区文明的精炼。同时语言又是文化的重要组成部分，甚至我们可以毫不夸张地说，对于一种语言的学习，其实就是对于该国家或者地区文化的学习。对于母语的学习和本国文化的学习存在着很大的难度，因为即便是再小的国家，也最少有数百年的历史，这数百年的历史积淀是极为深厚的，想要在短短十数年中精通是绝不可能的。这也就是中国学生每个人的语文成绩都不会太差，但是未必每个人的成绩都会很好的原因所在。本国语言的学习尚且如此，更遑论拒自己国家千里万里的，文化背景和历史完全不同的，文化差异特别巨大的国家的语言的学习。而每一个国家都有具备极强文字驾驭能力的人，他们的文学作品是对整个国家和民族语言的精炼与巧妙组合，不仅对语言文字的解析十分有帮助，还直接体现了本国的文化和社会背景。文化这种元素是无法进行教育的，只能自己去感悟，通过对大学生英美文学素养的培养，就能够提升学生对于英美文化的敏感程度。
2、有效提升学生综合英语能力
中国当前高校英语教育的主要要点就是听、说、读、写四个方面，但是其实我们从这几点就可以看出这个层次是非常低的。举例来说，对于非文学专业的语文教学来说，听和说不必考核，因为这是每一个中国人进行交流的前提，但是对于语文的考察却不会仅仅停留在能读懂和能写出两个层次，语文的考核会考核学生对于古文、现代文深刻的理解，要体会隐藏在纸面上的语言背后深层次的思想感情和文化元素。但是对于英语的考核就没有这么深入。当然，对母语的考核和对外语的考核肯定是要有所区别的，但是当前的英语教学是为了培养更多能够适应国际化的优秀人才，是要让这些学生将来能够在国际上与英语母语的人流畅沟通的，所以要求必须要提高。但是又因为英语不是中国人的母语，所以必须采取一些必要的手段来提升中国学生的英语能力，大量阅读英美文学作品并且体会其中的感情和文化就是不错的方法。
3、能够有效提升学生的审美能力，培养学生正确的价值观念
早在一千多年前的唐朝就有关于“兼听”和“偏听”的讨论。在语言的学习中亦是如此。尽管对于中国学生来说，坚定不移地信仰马克思主义才是正确的道路，但是如果能够对全世界范围内各种意识形态都有一种较为深刻的认识，会让学生的这种信仰更加坚定。并且刨除东西方文化差异和价值观念的碰撞这些直接的元素来考虑的话，任何一个国家都是会讴歌真善美、批判假恶丑的，在情感的表达上，这种人文的思潮是任何国家都一致的。并且当前的时代是全球一体化的时代，学生如果全面了解世界范围内的文化，对其审美能力和价值观念的培养是有很大的好处的。文学作品在提升审美和价值观念方面起到的作用是其他任何事物都无法比拟的，其中的人文性也是其他任何活动都望尘莫及的。
三、大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径解析
1、培养学生英美文学素养亟待解决的问题探讨
要想全面提升学生的英美文学素养，绝不仅仅是多看基本英美文学名著就能达到目的的，还需要进行全面的准备和改革。第一，要进行教育体制上的必要革新。教育改革在我国已经持续了很多年了，但是似乎整个教育体制变动较大的只是基础教育，高等教育的改革力度似乎并不大。这其实是不科学的，因为高等教育承担着直接为社会输出人才的重要任务，其改革的成效将直接关乎整个教育改革的成败。那么具体到培养学生英美文学素养这一目标上，自然不可以免地要谈到应试教育和素质教育的天平倾斜。想要提升学生的英美文学素养，必然要做的是加大学生对于英美文学的阅读量。并且为了由于英语这门学科并不会吸引大多数的学生，所以有必要用相对的考核对敦促学生进行这方面的努力。当然，本身这种模式都是要打破应试教育的桎梏，考核自然也不能够仅仅是考试。可以适当举办一些活动和比赛，既增加趣味性，又提升学生的积极性，还能够让学生在实践中加深对于英美文学素养的理解，一举多得。第二，培养一支高水平的师资队伍就很有必要了。既然要求学生的英美文学素养有一定的提升，那么相应的，教师的英美文学素养必须也有所保障，并且教师在教学思想和观念上也应当有相应的提升。也就是说，高水平的师资队伍具体体现在两个方面，一是教师应当转变思想，正确认识到英美文学在英语教学中的重要作用，将英美文学在高等教育英语教学中的重要作用进行深刻的领会，并且主动地在自己的教学活动中进行必要的创新。教师在这种情况下的要求比传统的英语教师要高得多。在这种形势下，大学的英语教师必须具备扎实牢固的英语基础知识、对西方文化较为深刻的了解、对学生的英语水平有较好的整体把握、对世界各国的一些文化知识都有涉猎。这样能力全面的教师才能够真正担负起培养学生优秀的英美文学素养。第三，当前的英语教材亟需改编。英美文学素养的培养仅凭课上的部分讲解和课下的学生自觉是不能完全发挥其作用的，要做到将英美文学素养作为评价高校学生英语整体水平的重要要素之一，就需要对现有的英语教材进行改编。当前的英语教材是中国的相关专家和一些国外的相关专家联合编写的，这些教材的确更适合中国学生学习，但是却在文学性上有些许的不足之处。未来英语教材应当在保有现有的模式下，加入大篇幅的英美文学作品，使学生学习的不再是专门为他们设置的英语教材，而是原汁原味的英语作品，这样对培养他们真正的语感和适应未来的国际化社会是更加有利的。当然，英美文学作品加入教材中对于学生理解来说是产生了一些困难的，因为文学作品中往往存在大量俚语、修辞和非常规的英语用法，不过对于适应了这些困难以后的英美文学作品赏析就会变得更加简单。
2、培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径
在解决了基本的教育体制、教材、教师三方面的前提条件以后，就完全可以以学生为中心，针对学生的需求来进行文学素养的培养了。第一，要设置多元化的师生互动活动，改变传统的课堂教育模式。英美文学素养的培养不是靠学生读写和教师讲解就能够完全实现的，在教学实践中可以首先指引学生进行自主学习，在教师讲解之前自己先通读设定的篇章，找出自己完全无法理解的地方，用师生交流或者同学间的交流形式来解决这些问题;在课堂上多采取一些活动，例如文学作品的演绎、文学作品读后感的诵读等等，加深学生对文学作品的熟悉和敏感，也能够极大提升学生的积极性;在课外要进行规模更大、范围更广的活动，组织相关的社团组织，定期举办活动等等。第二，多利用当前的计算机技术和网络技术。当前的时代是计算机的时代和网络的时代，教师应当鼓励学生多从网络中获取英美文学作品的相关资讯，可以引导学生自主地了解作者的背景、文学作品的整体逻辑和脉络等等，并且借助于多媒体的设备，用各种声光影结合的形式改变以往仅仅给学生视觉刺激的教师模式。其实这种让学生通过多媒体设备和网络的教学方式，不仅能够在有限的时间内获取更多的文学作品的信息，还能够真正地将传统英语教学中的被动地“教”为主体向现在的主动地“学”而转变，培养学生的文学素养就变得更有成效。第三，要将理论与实践相结合，多鼓励学生说和写。每一个人阅读文学作品以后，或多或少地心中一定会有感悟，教师应当鼓励和引导学生将这种感受说出来或者写出来，让学生将自己心中模糊的感受在说和写的过程中不断清晰和深化，将这些在不断阅读中积攒的一点一滴逐渐融合成为学生的文学素养，使学生的英语学习效率和成果比传统的模式更上一层楼。
四、结语
中西方文化存在差异，这对培养学生英美文学素养来说有利也有弊，有利的一点是学生一旦对西方文化有一定程度的了解，那么对于英美文学素养的提升来说是非常明显的，不利的地方则是学生需要认知的事情太多、太繁琐了。但是其实能够正视和有效利用中西方文化差异的学生，才是未来社会需要的人才。教育问题永远是一个国家最为重视的问题之一，因为它直接关乎到一个国家和民族的未来。在我国的教育体系中，高等教育又承担着直接向社会输出人才的重要作用。在高等教育中，英语是各个专业都必须学习的必修课，但是教学和学习实效是非常差的。近些年来，相关的专家和学者不断地研究大学英语的创新出路，整个大学英语的教学模式都需要进行较大的变动。而在当前形势下，引入英美文学教学模式，培养学生英美文学素养成为了一项理论和实践都取得不小成果的手段。当然，这种模式还处在初级阶段，各项工作还不够完善，但是相信随着时代的发展和教育改革的不断深入，英美文学素养的培养必将成为全面提升学生英语能力的重要手段，为国家培养出更多优秀的适应国际化趋势的人才。
普通高校英美文学是英语专业主干课程之一，该课设置的目的不仅在于加强学生语言基本功训练，更是提高学生素质和培育人文精神的有效途径。《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》指出:“文学课程的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。通过阅读和分析英美文学作品，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。”英美文学课在外语专业曾经备受青睐。然而，在“重技能，轻人文”的大潮冲击下，功利主义泛滥，实用型的课程如口语、听力、翻译课等成了重要的专业课程。英美文学课则显得可有可无，逐渐被边缘化。目前，很多高等院校在制定人才培养方案时，大大压缩英美文学课程。根据调查，河南省大部分本科英语专业的英美文学课时仅为72个学时，其中，英国文学36个学时，美国文学36个学时。每周两个课时的文学课，远远达不到预期的教学效果。
一、普通高校英语专业英美文学课程存在的问题
(一)课程设置概念不准确，内容不完整
英美文学史和文学作品选读是作为两门课程还是一门课的界定没有统一的标准。目前，大多数高校的外语学院都是把英美文学史和英美文学作品选读两门本应分开的课程合为一体，称为英美文学。还有些学校没有开设“英美文学史”这门课，只在学生进入大学三年级的时候分别开设一学期的英国文学和美国文学。学生对整个英美文学史没有系统和宏观的把握，就直接研读作品，使学生只掌握少数具体的作家作品，对各个文学流派、文学传承以及与时代的联系缺乏整体掌握。
(二)课时安排偏少，边缘化趋势突出
为迎合重商主义的社会风气，全国外语院系刮起了一股砍削文学课的飓风。更改教学大纲，削减文学课程，并不顾自己的实际，硬性增设经贸、金融等课程。英美文学课从一二十人小班的、讨论式的教学变成了一两百人的大班讲授式，从两个学年的课程“浓缩”到一个学年、甚至一个学期的课程。有的外语院系干脆把英美文学课定为选修课，英美文学课遭遇严重的“边缘化”。
(三)开设时间不合理，教学内容脱离学生实际
很多学生尽管是英语专业，但在大学一二年级很少接触英美文学作品，尤其是经典作品。文学功底差，到了大三突然接触深奥的文学作品，如经典剧作《浮士德》、《麦克白》等，感到艰涩难懂，因而没有学习兴趣，教学效果很差。实际上，文学课程担负着提高学生人文素质的重任，我们除了要重视专业教育外，也要在大学一二年级就加强学生在文学方面的教育，提高学生的外语综合素质。而学习外国文学是提高综合素质有效而重要的一环。
高校英语专业英美文学课程与教学的现状不利于英语专业学生文学素养的养成，大大降低了英语专业的教学质量。这种状况得不到改变，大学英语专业培养的将只是翻译工具，而不是全面发展的英语专业人才。作为高校英语专业英美文学课教师，应该以提高英语专业教学质量为己任，探索教学改革的途径，走出英美文学课程困境，充分发挥英美文学的人文价值。
二、英美文学课程改革措施
(一)调整英美文学课的教学内容
许多年来，英美文学的教材一直沿用“文学史+选读”的固定而陈旧的模式，教材按照历史顺序，分别列出各种各样的文学史知识，如所有作家的时代背景、生卒年月、作品概况介绍等，这些内容占了大部分的篇幅。其实，将宝贵的教材篇幅用来介绍背景知识是不科学的，这可能会让学生忽略文学作品本身。文学作品应以文学鉴赏为基础，并提升文学批评鉴赏能力和创新思维能力。我们的建议是在作品之前设置一些预习作业与问题，让学生利用现代化的网络和多媒体设备查找和总结作家介绍和作品背景，将宝贵的篇幅留给文学作品本身。作家和文学作品的遴选也是教材改革需要重点考虑的方面。传统的英美文学教材往往是厚古薄今，尤其是早期的经典著作对古英语涉猎过多，如学生在文学课的开始就遭遇内容晦涩难懂的古英语诗歌《贝奥武夫》，难以把握作品的精髓与内涵，这样很容易挫伤学生的学习积极性。由于英美文学时间跨度大、内容非常广泛，名家名作不胜枚举，教材的设置和作家的取舍一定要考虑到学生的接受程度进行宏观把握下的重点筛选，比如在讲美国文学中的当代戏剧时，应将重点集中于美国20世纪最伟大的三大戏剧家尤金•奥尼尔、阿瑟•米勒和田纳西•威廉斯，并将他们的写作风格、历史传承进行对比研究，对其代表作如尤金•奥尼尔的《榆树下的欲望》、阿瑟•米勒的《推销员之死》、田纳西•威廉斯的《玻璃动物园》进行对比阅读分析，找出现代人的孤独、欲望和工业社会对人性的摧残等剧作家想要揭示的共同主题。这种方式有利于学生对不同文学时期的科学把握，也有助于增强学习的趣味性和降低学习难度。
(二)改革英美文学课的教学模式
由传统的英美文学教材衍生出教师一言堂的“填鸭式”教学模式，英美文学教师在课堂上照本宣科，学生则疲于对这些知识死记硬背，根本谈不上自己对某一具体作品的见解和思考，更不用说对文学经典的鉴赏与文学情趣的提升。由于教材死板，授课方式墨守成规，英美文学课变成了精读课+历史课，学生学到的只是一些具体的语言知识点，而没有提升对文学文本的整体分析能力和感悟能力。英美文学教师可以尝试设计研究性课堂和实践教学模式。在英美文学课开始时，由教师推荐一些有关英美文学与文化的研究课题给学生进行研究，如维多利亚时代文学研究、美国梦文学研究、美国现代戏剧研究等。全班学生分成若干组，承担不同的课题，并在课堂上用幻灯片等方式陈述研究结果。另外，为了提高学生对英美文学作品的学习兴趣可以采取多渠道的实践教学活动，如举办英文诗歌朗诵比赛、英语戏剧表演、适时组织收看英文原版电影等。
(三)采用多媒体及计算机网络辅助教学手段
英美文学远离我们熟悉的母语环境和语言习惯，且跨越时代久远，陈旧、落后的“书+黑板+粉笔”的传统教学模式难以创设生动活泼的课堂教学情景，难以引起学生浓厚的学习兴趣。采用多媒体和计算机网络辅助课堂教学等现代化的教学手段有利于改革英美文学教学效果。目前多数高校普遍存在多媒体设施不足和设施陈旧等问题，高校应加强在这方面的投入，为多媒体及计算机网络辅助课堂教学模式的探索和推广铺平道路。
首先，借助多媒体和网络的课堂教学模式可以让抽象、晦涩的文学作品通过视频、音频等材料更生动、直接和立体地呈现在学生眼前耳边，可以提高学生的学习兴趣，活跃课堂气氛，从而改善英美文学课堂上沉闷、单调、枯燥的教师一言堂的顽疾，充分调动学生的学习积极性，开发学生的创造性思维，从而提升学生的学习效果。其次，借助多媒体和网络技术的教学模式，能更大限度地克服授课时间与授课场所的限制，有助于将学生的自主学习向课外有效延伸，实现学生的个性化自主学习与课堂教学的有效衔接。
多媒体和网络辅助教学形式下教师的角色发生了很大变化，对授课教师提出了更高的要求。教师必须深刻钻研材料，把握教学重点和难点，制定出明确的课堂教学目标，设计出为之服务的方案，确定有效传递教学信息的媒体类型和使用技巧，使媒体发挥更大的作用。授课教师要转变教学理念和方法，懂得设计以学生为主体的教学活动。教师应由原来的“以教为主”转变为“以学为主”，并通过培训等方式快速掌握现代化的教学方法，有效配合传统的教学方法，实现学生语言综合技能的提高。
我读西方经济文化学已经三年，对于西方文化，特别是英美有深入的了解。由于不想在这里占用太多的空间，我发消息给你了，请注意查收哦，有任何疑问，欢迎来询问。
英美文化差异 British and American Culture 来源：BBC 作者： 发布时间：2007-10-24 、。。。:
我看你还是自己写吧，这里的人靠不住，呵~~~
请 直接联系
英美文化差异 British and American Culture 来源：BBC 作者： 发布时间：2007-10-24 、。。。:
算你问对了,豆汁嘛肯定要吃,肯定对的哦有｀｀
我读西方经济文化学已经三年，对于西方文化，特别是英美有深入的了解。由于不想在这里占用太多的空间，我发消息给你了，请注意查收哦，有任何疑问，欢迎来询问。
Diet Culture difference between China and America.（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇可以参考：）~ The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple" food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on
隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
Difference between American culture &Chinese Culture in Daily life between Chinese and American culture（以上两篇最符合楼主的要求，第一推荐）----------------------------------------------------------其他资料：一个对照表格，清晰明了，字数不多也是一个对照表格 Differences in Translation（论文，语言翻译过程中的文化差异）美国留学生讨论文化差异的简短帖子，不长但很真实，写得也不错，推荐。 all the difference between Chinese and American culture, which one do you think is the most difficult to deal with? （以此为题的一篇作文，百度知道问题已解决）我找到的就这么多，希望对你有帮助。
中美两国文化差异研究论文和性格中，自古重人文、重情感。 美国人以欧洲移民为主体，人数最多。因此美国文化是在欧洲文化基础上发扬光大的现代欧美文化。欧洲文化的重理性、重科学等特性在现代美国文化中也有所继承。美国人协调社会关系用法律，而不是用人情；美国人热爱科学，相信实力，以发达的科学技术和雄厚的经济实力向世人说话。了解了深层次的文化差异，再看彼此的思维模式与行为方式，就会有一种拨开云雾见天日的豁然开朗之感觉。因此研究中、美两国文化的差异，有利于我们进一步了解彼此的社会和社会关系，有利于增进双方的理解和交往。最重要的是，我们可以通过差异的对比，认清自己的不足，吸取他人的优点，在交流与学习中取长补短，发展自身文化。 国际中国文化出版社 任京生,作者任京生老师现为美国俄亥俄州立大学东亚系访问学者，曾担任商业文化课程“关系学”中方教师。来美国之后，任老师致力于中美关系学的研究，撰写了《从东到西看关系》一书。此书目前已由中国南方日报出版社出版，并被世界著名的德国贝塔斯曼图书中国俱乐部选中作为畅销书在网上销售。任老师撰写的这部书，不仅以大量的实例为读者演绎如何为人处世，如何协调人际关系，而且从理论上探讨了关系学的来龙去脉。Sino-US cultural differences in research papers and character, the ancient emphasis on humanities, heavy emotions. Americans to European immigrants as the main body, the largest number. Therefore, the . culture is to build on in the European culture of modern European and American culture. Rational European culture of heavy, heavy science feature in the modern American culture has also been inherited. Americans are the coordination of social relations of law, rather than human; Americans love science, I believe that strength, a well-developed science and technology and strong economic strength to speak to the world. Understand the deep-seated cultural differences, look at each other's thinking patterns and behavior, there will be a kind of clouds are cleared to suddenly see the light of the sense of sight. Therefore, the Study, the United States and cultural differences between the two countries will help us to further understand each other's society and social relations are conducive to promoting mutual understanding and exchanges. The most important thing is, we can compare the differences and recognize their own shortcomings, to learn the advantages of others, in the exchange and learning from each other and develop their own culture. International Press office Jingsheng, the Chinese culture, the author is currently a teacher Ren Jing-sheng Ohio State University, a visiting scholar at the Department of East Asia, has served as business culture course "Relations" Chinese teachers. Years after the United States, he served as a teacher dedicated to the study of Sino-US Relations, wrote "From east to west to see the relationship," a book. This book is currently published by the Nanfang Daily China, and is world-renowned German Bertelsmann Book Club China selected as the best-selling book in the online sales. A teacher who write this book, not only a large number of examples of how the readers interpreted and acted, how to coordinate relationships, but also from a theoretical studies explored the relationship between the ins and outs.
现如今，大家都写过论文吧，论文是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。一篇什么样的论文才能称为优秀论文呢？以下是我精心整理的论英雄议论文，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
遍地黄沙，旌旗于冷风中鼓动。似血的鲜红，裹挟着战鼓擂动的颤栗。剑影刀光，激荡的是满腔的热血。战马嘶鸣，白刃染血，带走了几许刀下亡魂？
心中念念难忘的，仍是稼轩。想他是文人中的异数，武将中的清流。书生和百夫长，竟在其身上融合，汇聚流转。
那二十二岁的少年，率五十余人奇袭敌营，执贯了软笔的手中紧握了嗜血的长剑，于几万敌军间策马疾行，竟成功擒回了叛徒，全身而退。若无过人敢勇，又何得如此惊人之举？
的确，对于抗金，他从未像那些普通文人般天真地瞪了眼，去纸上谈兵，白日梦样地想像着，那涛天铁马冰河浩浩荡荡入梦，而得以挽那大弓如满月，射那飘渺位于远方的天狼，扶大厦于将倾，救众生于水火。激荡得自身热血沸腾，然而却提不起手中纤薄的长剑。而他，却是真的，使马作的卢飞快，使弓如霹雳弦惊，纵是被贬谪被远调，仍是不变自己的一寸丹心，去治理荒政，整顿那民生凋敝。他低头，双手成拳，似欲握紧那争战沙场的兵器，长叹——“儒冠多误身！”
不能否认，稼轩文才貌世。他炽热的情感，崇高的理想，在壮志难酬之际，更沉郁顿挫，伟峻恢弘，遥遥看去，仍有气定神闲，指点河山的大将风采。“落日楼头，断鸿声里，江南游子。把吴钩看了，阑干拍遍，无人会，临其意。”一丝不带文人之孱弱，不拘于陈腐，洞开新天。
王国维言：“东坡词旷，稼轩词豪。”向来以为，豪放张扬才为辛词的格调。只偶有想起那流传于千古的情语：“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。”才明白，辛词中亦会有宝马雕车，芳香满路的繁华，月如玉壶，夜空中鱼龙灯飞舞的逦迤缠绵。无情未必真豪杰，这样温柔的话语从辛弃疾这样的大丈夫口中缓缓道出，难道不更能撩拨听者的心弦？
稼轩是真实的人，他有欲望，想要赢得那生前身后之名，他要入仕，得那功名。故在千年之后，有后人回望，只见滚滚狼烟中，毅然有一铁骨铮铮的英雄傲立。然而千年前，有人，却是远了那尘世，遁了那权力，一生隐匿于江湖，谱出了不同的英雄篇章。
“来世不可待，往事不可追。”他活于当下，一心体味着自然万物的律动起伏，思想如蝶，化为世间万物之精髓。庄周甘于清贫，宁如乡野之龟，戈尾于涂，也不愿，俯身于帝王位下，为得那半世荣华勾心斗角。他只愿细细地，雕琢属于自己的道家风骨，拥抱属于自己的.几千里之大的鲲鹏，怡然自得，自知其乐——以天地为棺椁，以日月为连璧，星辰为珠玑，万物为賷送，如此之充足，又怎会恋恋不忘于所谓鸱鸟的腐鼠。
“道隐于小成，言隐于繁华。”只身立于涛涛不尽的江水，庄周在笑，心无所念，故而意无所执。他是本心的英雄，可用轻笑摧毁囚禁心灵的碉堡。
有雨水，浇灭了狼烟；有轻风，吹干了血液；有沙土，掩饰了残垣。然有思想，在残损的土地中于废墟中升起，柔柔地闪光。无论是稼轩的热血与家国天下，无论是庄周的闲散与淡泊名利，入仕出世，不同的处世哲学，终究会化作海边贝壳，被细细拾起抹净，珍藏，细品，仍有不同风蕴的英雄之气。
世界之大，英雄的种类也多，视角不同，自能看出不同的英雄。
仰视英雄
英雄，提到这一词，总觉是很伟大，很崇高。从开国元首到见义勇为之人，从敢于直视敌人淋漓鲜血的勇士到大庇天下寒士俱欢颜的墨客，似乎他们的胸怀与高度自是我们这等人所不及的。
的确，所有叫英雄的总是伟大的，他们有的有远大的志向，成就了一番事业；有的有勇敢的精神，救死扶伤，舍己为人；有的有朴实的心灵，踏实本分，敬业乐业，他们是我们应崇尚，应引以为豪的。
平视英雄
事实上，我们是人，英雄也是人，他们并无什么异常，超常之处，他们与我们一样，心中也有七情六欲，身边也有悲欢离合。
只不过，他们比我们多了一份胆识，多了一份坚毅，多了一份灵感，多了一份自信如果我们不放过某一个机会，不错过某一个念头，不多了那一点胆怯，不多了那一份顾虑，也许我们也是英雄。
俯视英雄
当我们细看英雄，或许发现英雄原来都普通，有的甚至曾是卑贱或偶有失足过的，他们或许还没有我们聪明，没有我们有学识，也没有我们有理想。
但也就是一时的善念，一时的斗志，一时的觉悟，让他们做了一件或几件别人不想做，不敢做，不会做的事， 使他们成功了，使他们成了英雄。由此看来，英雄又有什么伟大的呢？许多英雄，只是一个凡人的升华。
自视英雄
啊！有时我们忽然发现，自己正是自己的英雄！
是谁最了解我？是谁最会帮我？是谁让我有了斗志？是谁最后拯救了我？天！是我自己！
一个人拯救了一条命，宽容了一个人，成就了一个人，他就是那个人的英雄！所以， 我的英雄就是我！
想到此处，我不禁抚颜而笑，我又一次成为自己的英雄！
侦探大师：布鲁斯被认为是世界上最好的侦探。他善于观察、善于研究法律，懂得推理演算，人类直觉在他身上运用的淋漓尽致，一点小线索也能让他揪出一件大秘密来。
战术大师：他擅长以智取胜，是团队领导的不二人选。
语言大师：他精通多国语言：英语、法语、德语、俄语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、荷兰语、希腊语、拉丁语、汉语当中的普通话和粤语、日语、韩语、阿拉伯语、印地语、梵语。
恐吓达人：蝙蝠侠擅长用恐惧感对付对手，即使不怕超人的恶棍也会对蝙蝠侠有所忌惮。他的这种恐吓能力使他有资格进入黄灯军团，不过他拒绝了。
审讯大师：蝙蝠侠是最好的审讯大师，他将法律和威逼利诱的手段发挥到极致。通常他最爱使用制造恐怖感来及垮对手的心理防线。他说过：“恐惧是最好的推动力”。
技巧大师：体操和技巧专家。
遁逃大师：他的遁逃能力仅次于奇迹先生。
伪装大师：擅长各种身份的伪装。
追踪大师：在非洲学习了猎人的追踪技术。
蝙蝠侠为什么能成为最受欢迎的美漫超级英雄？
关于英雄的高一议论文5篇
所谓英雄者，乃敢为人之不敢为、敢当人之不敢当之人。那么关于英雄的高一议论文怎么写呢？下面是我给大家整理的关于英雄的高一议论文，希望大家喜欢！
人皆言，时势造英雄。可又有谁知，在岁月的长河中，坚守是多少英雄毕生的钟爱，他们坚守的是理想，是信念，他们在人生的道路上正道直行。
同样的是浊浪排空，不同的是英雄拥有圣洁的灵魂；同样的是举世混浊，不同的是英雄选择投入清流。
他选择坚守！
“长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰”。屈原在浊浪滔滔的运势下，他选择了投入清流，纵身一跃，完美的弧线成为他一生的终结，圣洁的灵魂找到了归宿。
屈原是大大的英雄，不过我认为他也可以用不死来报国。屈原也许不知道，英雄可以不死，他可以为了国家大事如后来的司马迁式韩信式地活着。虽然，我们叹息他生不逢时的同时，也不得不赞叹他坚守直行的勇气。
科举考试名落孙山，张继的理想似乎已经破灭，他在江边徘徊踯躅，犹豫着。寒山寺的钟声传来，张继若有所思，提笔写下“江枫渔火对愁眠”的诗句。而后独对客船的他终于明白，实现理想不是仅有科举这一条路，只看你能否勇敢地走下去。于是今天，我们不知道当年状元的名字，却时常将张继挂在嘴边。张继坚守的是为国报恩的决心，而他的聪明之处恰恰在于他的转路而行，最终得以用另一种方式实现自己的理想。
当汉使谋反事败时，苏武拒绝折节叛国。在单于面前，他选择了转路而行，毅然举起了羊鞭。苏武在转路而行时，同样有着坚守直行的勇气，他要用挺直的脊梁架起横亘天山、沟通中原的桥梁。他弄一支秃笔，镌刻出对大汉忠贞不渝的信念，谁说这不是英雄之大略！
“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”。文天祥以他九死一生的经历创造了一种英雄气概，这同样是坚守直行的勇气。陶潜发现自己不容于黑暗的官场时，毅然另辟蹊径，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”，谁说他缺少英雄的本质！
英雄不在于他做了多少事，而在于他怎样做事；英雄不在于他是否成功，而在于他如何面对过程。项羽失败了，但他虽败犹荣。因为他光明磊落，从未惧怕过对手；他讲义气，守信用，是真君子。从这个意义上说，他是个失败的英雄。
在条件无比优越的今天，灵活自如地选择人生之路，做一个善运时势的聪明人，只要是正道直行，坚守梦想，岂不也是真正的英雄！
十几岁是一个喜欢感慨沧桑的年纪，曾经固执的认为，古今中外的英雄豪杰都是运气好罢了，要是我也遇上个那么好的时机，说不定我也能成个什么伟人。事实胜与雄辩，我缓缓掀开历史的帷幕，一个个鲜活的人物在眼前跃动。
到底是英雄造时势，还是时势造英雄就让我们一起来感受一下吧。
拿破仑?波拿巴世界历一个传奇的人物。他出生在一个破落的贵族家庭。有谁会想到就是这么一个破落的贵族公子，在法国处于大动荡时期时，不失时机地通过政变夺取了政权，后来登上了法兰西第一帝国皇帝宝座。看，“大动荡”!多么好的时机啊，在时局混乱时兴风作浪，总是有甜头捞。可不容置疑的是，拿破仑在巴黎陆军学校所受到的启蒙教育是十分重要的。学习的时间虽然只有两年，但对拿破仑来说，是他思想发展和形成的关键时期。在次期间获得的思想，成为他后来不懈努力的远大理想。而当时人们对他的拥护也是比不可少的条件啊。
在神秘的古代希腊曾出现过一位战神，那就是亚历山大!他扫荡了小亚细亚，攻入埃及，占领两河流域，灭掉波斯帝国，足迹远达印度，建立起地跨欧亚非三洲的亚历山大帝国，定都巴比伦。亚历山大的父亲为了让他能成为一个合格的继承者和国王，从小就锻炼他的体魄和力量，培养他的意志和思想。最终令他成为了让人闻风丧胆的战神。
而两位英雄的结局又都是可悲的，拿破仑两次被流放，后来在大西洋的小岛上孤独地死去。而亚历山大则是在功成名就时，被最信任的朋友一刀刺死了，与他父亲的死如出一辙。
开头与结尾大相径庭，令人难免不问，怎么会这样?是啊，怎么会这样?无论是对拿破仑的纵说纷纭，褒贬不一，还是对亚历山大的感叹惋惜，都在一片吵杂声中，随岁月的长河永远地远去了。百川东到海，何时复西归?
就在一切都寂静的时刻，我仍时常想起这段史实，也许，这其中的奥妙也就只有孟子能解读了，“天时不如地利，地利不如人和”。此三子者诚不可缺一，或有缺，则大势已去也。
捧着一卷诗经，伫立风中，年少轻狂的菱角被照遍古今的月光腐蚀，被远古袭来的寒风磨平。我在等待，等待着天时的到来;我在眺望，眺望着属于我的土壤;我正在蓄势，不辞辛苦地堆积，然后……振翅高飞
“滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄”。纵观古今中外被淘出来的英雄人物，其不凡之处皆不外乎两个方面，那便是言和行。
国外被淘出的英雄固然不少，但我一向爱国，所以不爱称颂那些洋人们;而我国古代封建社会的英雄距我们又颇为遥远且不时带着些腐朽的成分，因此我更愿意歌颂些近代伟人来作为我本文的论据。
最近得闲时打开电视机，调到一个频道正演《井冈山》，我便放下遥控器细看起来。我看的这一段刚好是蒋介石对井冈山第四次“围剿”。当国民党的军队逼近井冈山仅三十余里时，指挥部才得到大军将至的消息。军长朱德是此时的总指挥，当他和部下围着地图研究军情问到与井冈山临近的一个其指挥官是自己昔日同窗现效力国民党的县城的动静时，镜头忽然转向一个气度不凡的年轻人，只见他用笔在该县城与井冈山之间快速画了一个箭头，手法简明利索，线条笔直有力，我不禁暗暗赞叹起来。朱德吃惊地感叹为何如此，这位年轻人不卑不亢直言以对：“你以为他会和你念同窗之谊吗?”在我再次被震撼的同时，屏幕上对应这位年轻人的地方出现了一个名字：__。但我仍无法想象如此年轻的__是如何有这样的英雄气魄以致在军长面前依旧豪气不减。
无独有偶，一天吃过晚饭，坐在电视机前看完新闻，找到了一个频道演的是《五星红旗迎风飘扬》。我看的那一段演的是我国建国后为了国防建设在西北戈壁秘密研制核武器。当时已败逃中国台湾的蒋介石命空军勘察机偷获这一情报。其子蒋经国毫不在意地对蒋介石说：“以大陆现在的科技实力，想研究核武器纯粹是瞎胡闹。”蒋介石却不敢对此掉以轻心。他说毛泽东的毅力是非常惊人的。毛泽东酷爱吸烟，手中的烟一根接一根绵绵不断，一天至少得四五十根，可是当年赴重庆谈判时，得知蒋介石不吸烟，自己硬是几天没有吸一根。蒋介石以此看出毛泽东毅力之坚定。
滚滚江水一任东流，在感叹着逝者如斯夫的我抚今追昔，不禁愧从心来。当我面对有权势的人时，会费尽心力尽现媚态;当我还没努力学习几天时，就忍不住一头沉迷于网游小说和电脑游戏中;当我那被抛弃在九霄云外冻得瑟瑟发抖的理想在心底无力地呐喊时，总是心不在焉地放纵自己人生得意须尽欢。
望着前辈伟人渐行渐远而愈显高大清晰的身影，我听到了他们的伟言如向我吹起奋起的号角，看到了他们坚毅的行为是我前进道路上明亮的指示灯。我将伴着这嘹亮的号角朝着明亮的指明灯跟随着英雄的足迹踏上这条英雄路!
遍地黄沙，旌旗于冷风中鼓动。似血的鲜红，裹挟着战鼓擂动的颤栗。剑影刀光，激荡的是满腔的热血。战马嘶鸣，白刃染血，带走了几许刀下亡魂?
心中念念难忘的，仍是稼轩。想他是文人中的异数，武将中的清流。书生和百夫长，竟在其身上融合，汇聚流转。
那二十二岁的少年，率五十余人奇袭敌营，执贯了软笔的手中紧握了嗜血的长剑，于几万敌军间策马疾行，竟成功擒回了叛徒，全身而退。若无过人敢勇，又何得如此惊人之举?
的确，对于抗金，他从未像那些普通文人般天真地瞪了眼，去纸上谈兵，白日梦样地想像着，那涛天铁马冰河浩浩荡荡入梦，而得以挽那大弓如满月，射那飘渺位于远方的天狼，扶大厦于将倾，救众生于水火。激荡得自身热血沸腾，然而却提不起手中纤薄的长剑。而他，却是真的，使马作的卢飞快，使弓如霹雳弦惊，纵是被贬谪被远调，仍是不变自己的一寸丹心，去治理荒政，整顿那民生凋敝。他低头，双手成拳，似欲握紧那争战沙场的兵器，长叹——“儒冠多误身!”
不能否认，稼轩文才貌世。他炽热的情感，崇高的理想，在壮志难酬之际，更沉郁顿挫，伟峻恢弘，遥遥看去，仍有气定神闲，指点河山的大将风采。“落日楼头，断鸿声里，江南游子。把吴钩看了，阑干拍遍，无人会，临其意。”一丝不带文人之孱弱，不拘于陈腐，洞开新天。
王国维言:“东坡词旷，稼轩词豪。”向来以为，豪放张扬才为辛词的格调。只偶有想起那流传于千古的情语:“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。”才明白，辛词中亦会有宝马雕车，芳香满路的繁华，月如玉壶，夜空中鱼龙灯飞舞的逦迤缠绵。无情未必真豪杰，这样温柔的话语从辛弃疾这样的大丈夫口中缓缓道出，难道不更能撩拨听者的心弦?
稼轩是真实的人，他有欲望，想要赢得那生前身后之名，他要入仕，得那功名。故在千年之后，有后人回望，只见滚滚狼烟中，毅然有一铁骨铮铮的英雄傲立。然而千年前，有人，却是远了那尘世，遁了那权力，一生隐匿于江湖，谱出了不同的英雄篇章。
“来世不可待，往事不可追。”他活于当下，一心体味着自然万物的律动起伏，思想如蝶，化为世间万物之精髓。庄周甘于清贫，宁如乡野之龟，戈尾于涂，也不愿，俯身于帝王位下，为得那半世荣华勾心斗角。他只愿细细地，雕琢属于自己的道家风骨，拥抱属于自己的几千里之大的鲲鹏，怡然自得，自知其乐——以天地为棺椁，以日月为连璧，星辰为珠玑，万物为賷送，如此之充足，又怎会恋恋不忘于所谓鸱鸟的腐鼠。
“道隐于小成，言隐于繁华。”只身立于涛涛不尽的江水，庄周在笑，心无所念，故而意无所执。他是本心的英雄，可用轻笑摧毁囚禁心灵的碉堡。
有雨水，浇灭了狼烟;有轻风，吹干了血液;有沙土，掩饰了残垣。然有思想，在残损的土地中于废墟中升起，柔柔地闪光。无论是稼轩的热血与家国天下，无论是庄周的闲散与淡泊名利，入仕出世，不同的处世哲学，终究会化作海边贝壳，被细细拾起抹净，珍藏，细品，仍有不同风蕴的英雄之气。
英雄——一个古往今来不知令多少人追求一生的字眼。
人人都爱戴英雄，人人都敬仰英雄，人人都希望自己成为他人心中的英雄。但是，当他们为此而奔波，甚至一辈子在刀光剑影中挣扎的时候，他们其实并不清楚“英雄”的真正含义，也并不知道一个真正的英雄到底是什么样。很多时候，仅仅是因为这个模糊的信念，成千上万的人们心甘情愿地在尔谀我诈中打滚，在生死一线上徘徊，在真理与情感之间矛盾，在名利与良心之间抉择。
于是，当他们的生命走到尽头，都会忍不住要问自己:到底谁才真正称得上是一位英雄?英雄又代表了什么?这个令无数的人苦苦寻觅了一生的问题的答案究竟要谁来解答?
还记得有一句话，大概是这样:“当初在山脚下仰望山顶，那山顶是何等的高不可攀，又是何等的诱人，而当我登上山顶的时候，却发现在山顶上是那样的孤独，回忆起来，还是当初在山脚下的日子快乐啊!”对于这句话，我只能说大概是这样，但它的含意却是值得任何人回味的。“高处不胜寒，位于山巅的人未必就可以称得上是英雄，却常如果你这一生注定要打许多仗，又多又艰难，那么记住，只有打赢你自己，才能打赢你的敌人。”这句话道出了英雄真正的含意——只有能战胜自己的人，才能称得上是一位真正的英雄。
人常难逃骄傲两字，使得最终的失败。所谓失败，并非仅仅局限于“英雄之争”的胜负，也相当于是败给自己。
武则天虽算得上是女中的真英雄，真豪杰，却杀子暴虐，是谓之不仁;曹操虽有惊世骇俗之才，却不忠不义，“宁可我负天下人，莫要天下人负我”，为万世唾弃，是谓之不忠;李世民虽成就一代盛世，却是用兄弟的血液换来的，是谓之不义;周俞虽为吴国立下汗马功劳，却只为了一句“既生俞，何生亮”而悔恨而终，是谓之不知类……总之，人无完人，英雄也同样如此。
好了，我们不要把话题扯得太远。所谓英雄，不过是骁勇善战，为众人认可，即成为众人景仰的对象。而真正的英雄，不仅要有勇，还要有谋，不善妒，不为名，不为利，只为求得天下太平，万民安居乐业，不愧对自己的良心，而已。
1. Different social attitudes: The british are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal).Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you in enclosed public places is illegal - that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there).2. The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to . Pubs. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under . Roads. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion charge, and is very congested, and the major motorways around London are thick with traffic at peak times. Roundabouts ("traffic circles") are very common and are used at motorway junctions. In rural areas, it's not uncommon to drive down narrow single track roads with tall hedges on either . Educational stuff: The UK education system works differently, as he's probably aware. Asking people about their "High School" "GPA" "Major" or "Minor" will make people think he assumes that things work the same in the UK as in the US. In the UK, "High School" is roughly equivalent to secondary school and college (college is not used to mean university). Important exams are GCSEs and A levels, which are graded with letters and related to specific subjects. There are no majors and minors in the UK university system - there's just whatever degree you're studying.这是比较详细的版本，可以自己删改一下，或者google一下difference between british and american culture，会有更多的资料。希望能帮到你！
Why American Culture is Unique American culture is unique because it is nurtured, formed and developed under certain conditions, which are characteristically(特性)American. The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity(多民族) and plural religion, which is quite different from other nations in the world. What is more, these elements are still influencing the American culture. 1. Rough Environment The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of American. The environment there was very rough but they believed the poor land could purify their mind so they chose the place along the coast. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. The American frontier consisted of the relatively unsettled regions of the United States, usually found in the western part of the country. The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. Actually they looked for a better life. So individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage(遗产) of American. 2. Ethnic Diversity The population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups coming from many races, nationalities, and religions. People refer to the United States as "melting pot "and the dominant people are British. American is made up of WASP+MM, that is, White, Anglo Saxon, Protestants plus Middle Class and Male. In history, people from different countries in the world rushed to American three times. They brought their own culture to American and later on different cultures were mixed together. Thus the unique American culture is formed, a common cultural life with commonly shared values. 3. Plural religion The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the right of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States. The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism; almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States. Christianity(基督教) is the dominant religion in American and Protestant (新教)is predominate(主导). Any individuals are equal before God and they believe they can communicate directly to God so they can share the same idea. Under the protestant, many new ones are formed and different explanations produce different sect of religion. Churches are independent and American religion is no longer religion seculars. The institution permits the practice of religion and the political power is separate form religion. So there are more religions in American than in other countries. 4. Current influence: Nowadays, we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society. American family is typically parents and their unmarried children. Middle-aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children. Many Americans live in mobile homes whose homes are built with wheels. They can be moved. The people in American have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place. Quite a number of people change residences(住所) every year. The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime. The courage to try something new has been an American characteristic. American democracy means majority rule, but it also means protection of minority rights. There are certain freedom which the United States promises to all its citizens and members of minority group cannot be denied these rights by a vote of the majority. Americans also like to be involved in many challenge activities and sports to show their adventurous spirits. All of these are affected by the heritage of the American history. From the facts above, we can see American culture is unique which was cultivated, formed and developed by the main three factors, rough environment, ethnic diversity and plural religion and still is affected and determined by them now希望采纳
我看你还是自己写吧，这里的人靠不住，呵~~~
我读西方经济文化学已经三年，对于西方文化，特别是英美有深入的了解。由于不想在这里占用太多的空间，我发消息给你了，请注意查收哦，有任何疑问，欢迎来询问。