你可以参考一下2011年考研英语的作文题该主题是讨论环保的你可以举一反三,网上有大量的该论文的范文
英语翻译教学在高校英语教学中起着重要作用,它直接影响了学生的英语使用能力。尤其在经济全球化不断发展的当今社会,加强英语翻译教学不仅关系着大学生的就业前景,更与我国经济发展密切相连。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译论文,供大家参考。
英语翻译论文 范文 一:中西方 文化 在英语翻译方面的差异性
一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性
(一)地理环境因素
“一方山水养一方人”,不同的地域和环境必然造就不同的民族文化。中国是一个幅员辽阔、地大物博、物产丰富的农业大国,这就使我国形成了一种典型的农耕文化。中国人注重人与自然、人与人之间的和谐与统一,故在许多 成语 中都与土地有关,如“土豪劣绅”“、土生土长”和“土崩瓦解”等。而英国则是一个典型的岛国,其四面被海水环绕,故其航海技术一直处于世界领先地位,这也促使其所形成的文化中都与水或航海有一定的联系,如在比喻一个人挥霍金钱的时候,会用“Spendmoneylikewa-ter”(挥金如土)来加以描述;在形容一个人的形体单薄、虚弱的时候则用“asweakaswater”(弱不禁风)来加以描述;而在告别友人的时候则会用“haveagoodsailing”(一路顺风)来加以描述等。因此,只有掌握了中西民族文化之间的差异性,才能够正确对语句进行理解和翻译。
(二)宗教信仰因素
宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式,其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多,但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义,如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神,其法力无边,这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以基督教为主,他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰,其无所不能,这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人,成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此,为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的,我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。
二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略
(一)导入异国文化
中西翻译的差异性。因此,为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度,教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是,教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外,教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外,还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如,英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语,这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”,但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”,这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ,传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛),但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解,则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。
(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性
英语结构区别于汉语结构,其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用,并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系,这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外,英语表述中特别忌讳重复,如果出现重复的问题,通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示,但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。
(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧
在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后,教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧,从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先,词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段,其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次,英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同,只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。
三、结语
总之,中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力,教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统,从而使学生做到“知己知彼”,然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧,从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。
英语翻译论文范文二:生物 医学英语 翻译得体性原则
1得体性原则及在翻译中的适用性
“得体”一词在《现代汉语词典》中的释义如下:“(言语、行动等)得当;恰当;恰如其分。”其他词典的解释与此大体相类。这是一种宽泛意义上的解释。难以确切理解其内涵,不大好把握,运用起来常常带有不同程度的盲目性、随意性。从修辞学理论的高度来衡量,离规范性、科学性相距甚远。王希杰先生在《修辞学通论》中则指出:语言的“得体性指的是语言材料对语言环境的适应程度。脱离了特定的语言环境,就没有得体不得体的问题。”他说:“修辞的原则只有一条,那就是得体性原则。一切其他的原则都从属于这个原则,都是这个最高原则的派生物。这个最高原则制约着和控制着一切其他的原则。”[1]王先生的定义简洁、明确,认为得体是语用的最高原则。聂炎[2]在《得体性原则两题》一文中对语言表达如何适应语体进行了 总结 :“每一种语体一般来说都有表现自己本身特点的不同的语料和表达手段,即常常有自己的专用词语、专用句法结构和篇章结构、语言风格等等,这是该语体区别于彼语体的重要之点。言语思维主体在选词 造句 时只有同语体和谐一致,即得语体之“体”,才可能有良好的表达效果。”翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的交际活动,翻译过程可以定义为理解原文并创造性地运用另一种语言再现原文的过程,即语言使用的过程。[3]而得体又是语用的最高原则。因此,得体性语用原则在翻译中的适用性不言而喻。翻译的语用问题,归根到底,强调的是语言信息所采取的形式,必须由使用该语言的环境来决定,其根本是语言表达切合语境的得体性。[4]
2生物医学英语的特征及得体性翻译原则的具体内涵
从广义上来说,得体性语用原则适用于一切译作,但是,根据原作的文体不同,在具体要求上就各有侧重。生物医学英语属于科技文体的范畴。典型的科技英语是“专家与专家”交流的涉及学科的研究和发展的书面性英语。[5]其功能主要是述说事理、描写现象、推导公式、论证规律,其特点是结构严谨、逻辑严密、行文规范、用词准确,技术术语正确,修辞手段较少。[6]针对这些特点,科技英语翻译中的得体表现为忠实和通顺。所谓忠实,就是要完整地、准确地表达原作的思想内容,同时还需保持原文风格。这是对科技翻译的首要的、也是最起码的要求。原作的内容和风格是客观存在的。译者的任务,就是要把这种客观存在原封不动地传达给非原文读者。翻译虽然是语言的一种再创作,但毕竟和纯粹的创作有着本质的区别。译者必须忠实于原作,决不可自作主张,对原作进行随意的篡改、增删。所谓通顺,对科技翻译来说,虽然不像翻译文学小说那样要求雅致优美、姿态横生,也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫、押韵合辙,但至少应保证译文语言符合汉语的语言规范和修辞习惯,文从字顺、明白流畅,而不能生造一些不伦不类的词句,或对原作拘泥太过,以致译文出现文理不通、结构混乱和拖泥带水的现象。在翻译实践中,若“忠实”和“通顺”二者不可兼得的情况下首先要考虑前者,即忠实、准确、规范地传达原作的意思,因为科学的灵魂是“真”,科技翻译的灵魂是“准确”。在医学文献翻译中,一字之差就可能断送病人性命;在工程技术翻译中,一个数据之误可能导致重大的技术事故。因此,“忠实”是科技翻译的根本和前提,而“通顺”是实施科技翻译达到完美的一种手段和途径。[7]
3得体性翻译原则在生物医学英语翻译中的具体运用
要实现生物医学英语翻译的篇章译文得体,就必须在词、词组、句子、段落等各语言平面上对译入语可能有的几个同义而结构不尽相同的语言形式精心选择,选择除了涉及语言结构因素(如词性、词语搭配、上下文)之外,还与文体有关。选择的目的是使译文得体,得语言和文体之体。以下通过辨析不同译文以具体说明如何实现生物医学英语各语言平面翻译的得体。
词的得体
表达规范
《现代汉语》指出:科技语体讲究论证的逻辑性,要求语言规范。[8]例1Electroporationisusedtomakesmall,temporaryholesinthemembranesoDNAcanpassin.译1:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成小的獉獉、暂时的孔洞獉獉獉獉獉从而使DNA通过。译2:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成瞬时微獉獉獉孔獉从而使DNA通过。例2Thesefindingssuggestthatoralim-munemodulationmayrepresentanattractivether-apeuticapproachtoatherosclerosis.译1:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种诱人的獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新 方法 。译2:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种引人注目的獉獉獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新方法。以上两例中的“小的、暂时的孔洞”以及“诱人的”用语不正式,且读来疲软。而译2中的“瞬时微孔”及“引人注目的”用语平稳、凝重、冷穆,符合科技英语的特征。
用词准确
例3PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)isamolecularbiologicalmethodforamplifyingDNAwithoutusingalivingorganism,.译1:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩大獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译2:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩增獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译文1把amplify译成“扩大”,但根据生物学知识判断,这里的amplify是“creatingmultiplecopies(产生多个克隆)”的意思,所以译成“扩增”更准确。
词组得体
精炼、符合汉语表达习惯
例4Theabilityofmonoclonalantibody(mAb),treatmentwithmAba-lonehasonlyachievedverylimitedsuccessintheclinic.译1:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上取得了非常有限的成功獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上收效甚微獉獉獉獉。例5Asimmunologybecomesbettercharac-terized,immunomodulatorhasprovenasoneofthemostprevalentareasinthedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.译1:随着免疫学变得更富特征獉獉獉獉獉獉,免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个最流行的领域獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:随着免疫学的进一步发展獉獉獉獉獉,免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个 热点 獉獉。以上两例中译2优于译1之处在于:译2表达正式规范有力,且更符合汉语习惯。由于英汉词组的构成和功能差异较大,所以总的要求是在“信”的前提下,既要充分表达原意,又要符合译入语语言形式上和修辞的和谐。科技英语中存在大量惯用和非惯用的四字词组,如asshowninfigure(如图所示),withoutlossoftime(不失时机),convertwastesintousefulmaterials(废物利用)等。合理使用这些四字词组,能起到精确紧凑,简洁明晰的效果,为译文增色不少。
专业规范
例6Thespleenmayaddbloodtothegen-eralcirculationtomakeupforwhathasbeenlostinthebody.译1:脾脏能给总循环獉獉獉增加血液,以补偿獉獉獉身体的损失獉獉獉獉獉。译2:脾脏能给周身循环獉獉獉獉增加血液,以补獉獉偿身体所失去的血獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。在医学中,“总循环”不如“周身循环”专业规范,而且“补偿身体的损失”过于笼统,所指不明。所以译2更得体。
句子得体
句子是语言平面中上下运转的轴心,也是翻译过程的主要着力点。句子同义手段的选择应该做到对应题旨要求,适应行文递接,切合语体特点以及依从声韵协调。[9]具体到生物医学英语的句子翻译,应该做到:
体现信息中心
每一句话、每一句群和每一语段都有一个最核心最关键的内容或意旨需要得到强调突出,以利于接受主体准确地把握其语意焦点,了解其着意传输的信息,此语意焦点成为信息中心。[9]应尽量把原语的信息中心译成汉语的信息中心,使两者相对应。例7Nucleicacid,originallyisolatedbyJohannMiescherin1871,wasidentifiedasaprimeconstituentofchromosomesthroughtheuseofthered-stainingmethoddevelopedbyFeulgenintheearly1900s.译1:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功,并被证实为是染色体组最基本的组成,这是由Feulgen在20世纪初通过使用红染色方法证实的。译2:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功,并在20世纪初由Feulgen通过使用红染色方法证实为染色体组最基本的组成。译1采取直译的方法,虽然把原文的意思表述清楚了,但是把信息中心置于句中,未予突出。而原文中的isolated和identified为本句的信息中心,译成“分离”和“证实”。译2通过语序颠倒使信息中心突出,自然流畅,符合汉语表达习惯。英汉表达方式不同,许多汉语句子往往把信息中心置于句尾,来突出重点;而多数英语句子则经常将信息中心置于句首,以突出主题。这就形成了“信息中心首位”(beginningfocus),其他信息后置的句式结构。汉译英时要注意把英语句法结构的这个规律运用到翻译中去。而出于汉语表达的需要,译者要反复推敲,甚至可以跳出原文的框框,合理使用翻译技巧,对原文句子成分、结构形式进行必要的调整,按照汉语的习惯组织译文。
体现逻辑关系
例8Lamivudine(Epivir-HBV)isapotentantiviralagentwithminimalimmunemodulatorca-pacity.译1:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物,有獉着最低獉獉獉的免疫调节能力。译2:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物,却獉很少有獉獉獉免疫调节能力。译1中没有反映前后两句内含的转折关系,读来有句子堆砌之感,而译2通过“却”一词使语段内含的转折关系得以彰显。
语段得体
语段是比句子高一级的语法单位,通常是由两个或两个以上的句子构成的语义整体。衔接是语段的重要特征,衔接的优劣,关系到话语题旨或信息是否被接受者理解和接受[10],译文若不能正确反映原文中的衔接关系,就反映不出生物医学英语的逻辑性和条理性。例9ThebiosynthesisofRNA,calledtran-scription,proceedsinmuchthesamefashionasthereplicationofDNAandalsofollowsthebasepairingprinciple.(5)Again,asectionofDNAdoublehelixisuncoiledandonlyoneoftheDNAstrandsservesasatemplateforRNApolymeraseenzymetoguidethesynthesisofRNA.(6)Afterthesynthesisiscomplete,theRNAseparatesfromtheDNAandtheDNArecoilsintoitshelix.译1:RNA的生物合成,也称为转录,以獉和獉DNA复制的相同的模式进行獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,同样也遵循碱基 配对 原理。DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋,只有一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后,RNA从DNA上分离,DNA再次形成双螺旋结构。译2:RNA的生物合成,也称为转录,和獉DNA复制的模式大致相同獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉,同样也遵循碱基配对原理。同上所述獉獉獉獉,首先獉獉,DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋,其中一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后,RNA从DNA上分离,同时獉獉,DNA重新形成双螺旋结构。译2通过许多连接词(如同上所述、首先、同时)清晰流畅地讲述了DNA转录的过程,较之译1更富有条理性和整体感。
4结束语
生物医学英语翻译与文学翻译在语言的运用上,在修辞手段的选择上,是有区别的。文学作品个人风格明显,感情色彩较强,翻译时多注重形象思维,讲究语言上的形象和表达上的生动;而生物医学英语个人风格较少,感情色彩罕见,翻译上注重 逻辑思维 ,讲究语言上的规范和表达上的准确,在选择译文语言时,译者的游刃余地是不大的。得体是语用的最高原则,但在不同文体中侧重不同,生物医学英语翻译的得体性表现为忠实于源语的内容和风格,同时符合汉语的表达习惯。同时生物医学英语翻译也同 其它 文体的翻译一样,是一种既具艺术性,又具创造性的艰苦的脑力劳动。它要求创造性地运用中外文两种语言知识和专业知识。而要达到这一点,只能靠大量的实践和不断的探索,别无捷径可走。
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Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair Many people are active in fighting against unfair treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our the environment doesn't have a mouth the environment doesn't have a mouth the environment doesn't have a mouth the environment doesn't have a mouth to deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have doto deprecate what humans have done to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates ne to her, she retaliates through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible floods. As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible floods. As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible floods. As a result, the Huangtu plateau which terrible floods. As a result, the Huangtu plateau which was onwas onwas onwas once covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into ce covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was in several developed countries. Because many chemical in several developed countries. Because many chemical in several developed countries. Because many chemical in several developed countries. Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisocities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people nous gas that people nous gas that people nous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what the nature once suffered. If we don't take action to show the nature once suffered. If we don't take action to show the nature once suffered. If we don't take action to show the nature once suffered. If we don't take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly increasingly increasingly increasingly awful situation.
Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth, who is a natural son, and not only to natural persons as the conqueror, as we all know, there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth, the animals. Plant human cells, if it damaged, destroyed nature organizations, to the eradication of mankind. Therefore, the environment must be linked with social ethics, character education and practice acts as an important element of it. Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment.
Journal of Hazardous materials 最权威 Environmental science and Techenology
国内的期刊,我觉得《环境工程学报》、《中国给水排水》不错,国外的要数EST和WATERRESEARCH等了当然也有一些环境工程类的文章发表在PNAS等很有名的杂志上。很难说哪本杂志是很优秀的,通过ISIWEBOFKNOWLEDGE来检索,找到合适的PAPER便是优秀的,至于这篇PAPER在哪个杂志倒是次要的。
环境类很权威的应该就是Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T),还有Environment International (EI)也是一区TOP期刊。WaterResearch (WR)是水领域的顶级,而Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics (ACP)是大气领域的顶级,Soil Biology & Biochemistry(SBB)为土壤类的Top。此外,像Carbon, Scientific Reports, Journal of Hazardous Materials (JHM), Langmuir, Bioresource Technology (BT), Analytical Chemistry (AC), Environmental Pollution (EP), Chemosphere等,虽不是顶级,但都是很优秀的期刊。
刊名: Journal of Environmental Sciences 环境科学学报(英文版)主办: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心周期: 月刊出版地:北京市语种: 英文;开本: 大16开ISSN: 1001-0742CN: 11-2629/X邮发代号: 2-580历史沿革:现用刊名:Journal of Environmental Sciences曾用刊名:环境科学学报(英文版);Journal of Environmental Sciences China创刊时间:1989该刊被以下数据库收录:CA 化学文摘(美)(2009)SCI 科学引文索引(美)(2009)CBST 科学技术文献速报(日)(2009)Pж(AJ) 文摘杂志(俄)(2009)EI 工程索引(美)(2009)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD—2008)
环保,全称环境保护,是指人类为解决现实的或潜在的环境问题,协调人类与环境的关系,保障经济、社会的持续发展而采取的各种行动的总称。下面就是我给大家带来的环保的 议论文 800字,希望大家喜欢!
环保的议论文800字篇一
随着人口地迅速增长,工农业迅速发展,生态环境的污染也随之而来。工厂排放的污水、废气、产生的固体废物,人们乱砍滥伐,日常生活中环境保护意识淡薄,从而使到环境逐渐恶化,生态资源不能再生,并给人类带来了一系列的灾难。
伴随着人类社会的高度发展,人类已经进入了空前的文明时代。我们应该生活在优美的环境中,但事实上我们感受到的却是窒息的环境。光秃的山坡、发黑的河水、枯萎的草地?
每次都有人不断的抱怨着环境不好资源不够用,可是那些人有是否想过,自己对绿色世界做过多少贡献?关过几次灯?关过几次水?保护环境,应该从我做起。这对我们每个人来说都很重要,而且对我们每个人的幸福也有很大关系。回顾历史,再看现实,人类的每一次发展,每一次进步,每一次都是要求自然的给予。人类的发展进步,最终得益的总是人类,付出的总是自然。所以作为人类的一分子,我们应该多参加环保活动。多植树,多种花,使我们永远拥有蓝天、白云、碧水、绿地的美丽家园,让我们拥有一颗绿色心情。
提到怎样更深一步做好环保先锋,来保护自己的家园,我认为“低碳”生活是最重要的。
“低碳”生活就是指生活作息时所耗用的能量要尽力减少,、节油、节气,从点滴做起。如果说保护环境、保护动物、节约能源这些环保理念已成从而减低二氧化碳的排放量。低碳生活,对于我们普通人来说是一种态度,而不是能力,我们应该积极提倡并去实践低碳生活,注意节电行为准则,低碳生活则更是我们急需建立的绿色生活方式。
也因此在我认为,气候变化不只是环保主义者、专家学者关心的问题,而是与我们每个人息息相关。如果你觉得你一个人的力量对于整个地球简直是微乎其微,一个人的力量根本无所谓,那就错了。若仔细想想,一只节能灯、一台太阳能热水器能为节能减排做的贡献的确很小,可13亿人中只要有1/10的人使用,那节约的能源、减少的碳排量都将会是天文数字。
由此可见,低碳生活可以让我们的身体更健康,环境更优美,生活质量真正提高。
为了让我们的生活更美好,人们应该互相提倡、互相督促:共创绿色家园,留下绿色心情,从我做起,保护自然、保护环境、保护生态平衡,让我们的家园更美好、更灿烂!
环保的议论文800字篇二
环境保护,这个话题,能够说是家喻户晓,人人皆知。但在现实生活中,一些人还是不太重视,认为微不足道,在我看来,环保要从件件小事做起。我就经历过这样两件小事:有一天,我去超市买东西,快到超市门口时,看见有几个散发宣传单的,见人就给,见车就放,但是有些人却不要,随手就扔地上,我过去将纸扔进垃圾箱里。又看见两个人用胶水将宣传单贴在墙上,远远望去,活像一块块“牛皮癣”趁他们不注意,我又拿出我的绝活“撕纸功”,哈哈,“牛皮癣”被我除掉了一大片。还有一次,我在楼底玩,发现远处草地上冒出了缕缕白烟,走近一看,原先,是我们班一群小孩在那里点火烧草,草黑了一大片,我以大哥哥的身份连忙制止,并讲了火灾的危险性和环保的重要性。他们羞愧难当,赶忙从附近端来水把火熄灭,结束了烧草行动。
我们人类都生活在一个星球上,那就是地球。地球上,有供我们呼吸的氧气,还有茂密的森林、辽阔的草原、无边无际的海洋、各种各样的动物,构成了美丽的大自然。
但是有些人不珍惜地球赐予我们的一切,破坏大自然,超多捕杀野生动物。加之各种破坏环境的做法,给我们的大自然带来了越来越多的灾难,漫漫的黄沙代替了绿色的林海,波涛汹涌的江河变成了干涸的河床,美丽的风景区变成了荒野。还有大气污染、臭氧层有破洞等这些现象都是人们不保护环境的带来了恶果。从前,我家乡的空气是清新的,天空是湛蓝的,真像一幅五彩缤纷的画,好不美丽!但此刻,车子它排出了污染空气的乌烟,多了工厂后,排出了污水,水变成黑色发出臭味,造成严重的污染。我家乡附近有一个垃圾筒,人们把垃圾倒在那里,甚至有些人还把垃圾丢在垃圾筒外。每到夏天,那里就成了苍蝇蚊子之类的栖息地,风一吹,可恶的白色污染也来凑热闹。在垃圾筒旁有一口池塘,水上漂着一些泡沫垃圾,水又黑又脏,里面的鱼儿都已经死了,塘水死一般的寂静。
我想大声呼吁人们:地球属于我们人类,属于我们大家,只要用我们的双手,从我做起,从人人做起,保护环境,爱护地球上的自然资源,让清澈的塘水依旧流淌在家乡,让花儿依旧那样鲜花盛开。
人类啊,是就应觉醒的时候了,睁开眼,看看我们的周围,这是我们的家园啊,让我们从此金盆洗手,用自我的双手,用自我的智慧,用自我的良心,为我们的子子孙孙留下一个和谐、美丽的家园吧,让我们为我们世世代代的绵延生存做出一份努力吧!
环保的议论文800字篇三
我们天天生活在美丽的大自然中,但是却有人在破坏美丽的大自然,破坏生活环境。使美丽的大自然变得乌烟瘴气。如果这样下去,自然环境就变得令人担忧了。让我们一起去大街小巷看看吧!
我所看见最多的,就是数白色污染了。所以我建议大家还是少用塑料袋,多用环保袋和竹篮子。因为塑料袋不能随地乱扔,如果仍的话,风一吹,塑料袋就像 大雪 一样漫天飞舞,风一停,塑料袋就挂在了树上。塑料制品不易分解,也不会烂掉,烧的话也会产生毒气。还有我们用的小饭盒,都会污染我们的环境。
还有一栋栋高楼大厦,一座座排出滚滚浓烟的工厂,张牙舞爪的浓烟使天空不再像以前一样碧空如洗了,变成了白色的天空,使清新甜润的空气变成了不利于身体健康的废气。一些排除废水的工厂,害死了许许多多活泼可爱的小鱼,而且还把地下的河水给污染了,使喝井水的农民生病了。还有人乱砍树木,以致风沙、洪水都来了,残害了许多年轻的生命。
我们怎么才可以改变这样的生活现状呢?我们可以在空地上种上一些常绿的小树,一些青青的小草,还有一些鲜艳的小花,这样就可以让我们的家园添加花草树木。不要乱扔垃圾,看到垃圾随手捡起来。比如在一个地方看到一个人打算乱扔垃圾,你应该立刻走过去,告诉他污染环境的代价。如果他不听你的劝告的话,那就帮助他捡起来。还有我们要随时提醒别人要保护环境,不能破坏环境,更要告诉他让他提醒其他人。这样一传十、十传百、百传千,那就会有许许多多的人加入我们的环保行列了。关于废气怎么办?我们一定要多种树,让大树吸进废气,排出新鲜的空气。还可以定单双日开汽车,单日时,大家坐公交车、骑自行车、步行上班,尽量少用车。我们要减少污染源,少开工厂,就算一定要排废水,也要先净化再排出。我们可以用以上的做法来改善我们的环境。
保护环境,从我做起,从小事做起,让我们的家园变得清新美丽。
环保的议论文800字篇四
地球是我们赖以生存的家园。天空是那么的湛蓝,空气是那么的清甜,花儿是那么的绚丽,小草是那么的苍翠欲滴,树木是那么的高大挺秀,到处郁郁葱葱,五彩缤纷,鸟语花香!我坐在绿茵茵的草地上,闻着沁人心脾的花香,享受着暖暖的阳光,这是多么美好的一幅景象啊!
地球妈妈那么辛苦地哺育我们,但是我们不但不回报她,反而去伤害她。我们在平地上建起了一座座工厂,工厂每天都排放出有害的烟雾,排放垃圾,污染水源。城市的路面上车水马龙,汽车排出有害的气体。地球妈妈给予我们森林,水源,但我们却毫不珍惜,树木被工人们一棵棵地砍倒,干净的水源被一次次地污染,空气也不清甜了,这都是我们滥用化学物品,砍伐森林,污染水源的结果。清澈的河水变得浑浊不清,清甜的空气变得非常呛人。
目前全世界的工厂和电厂每年排入大气中的二氧化碳有50亿吨,二氧化硫。碳氧化物等有害气体的排放量也相当大。进入大气中的废气种类很多,已经产生危害而引起人们的注意的就有一百多种。这些有害的气体会使河流干涸、森林减少、动物灭绝、臭氧层破坏等等,这是多么的可怕啊!
“勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之。”环保,在21世纪是个很重要的问题,下面,就让我给大家介绍几种环保小窍门吧!购物时少用一次性塑料袋,在屋内多养花养草,用手帕代替餐巾纸,循环利用淘米水,把装修中剩余的木头、木屑送去造纸厂,减少砍伐树木的数量,尽量不用一次性碗筷,不要在河流、水库边洗涤衣物,不乱扔废弃物。
同学们,让我们行动起来,将环保的种子散播到世界的各个角落,让我们从小事做起,从身边的一点一滴做起,保护环境,人人有责!
环保的议论文800字篇五
地球是我们的家园。我们作为地球的主人,就应当好好保护地球。此刻城市正在倡导礼貌环境,只要我们不污染地球的环境,不浪费地球的能源。就能让城市变得更绿色,更环保。有想法就要有行动。于是,我和父母开始了一段低碳生活。
以前我们家不懂得节俭,珍惜,此刻,我们学会了节俭用电。我爸爸把大部分的白炽灯换成了节能灯;并且,每次晚上去公园散步时,我们必须做到人走灯灭;以前爸爸总是把电脑开着,此刻也能做到及时关机了。冬天我家基本不开空调了,夏天空调温度也至少在26度,并且坚持空调开时门窗闭。不要小看了这些 措施 哦,它们可给我家带来了大惊喜呢!它们一方面使我家大大减少了电费,另一方面也促使我们全家人身体更加健康。
水是生命的源泉,是大自然给予我们的恩泽。鱼儿离不开它,人类离不开它,世界上的一切生物都离不开它,所以,在节俭用电的同时,我们也学会了节俭用水。我妈妈准备了两个大水桶,要求我们随时收集洗脸水、淘米水等,这些水能够用来浇花,冲马桶……这样,我家的水费也显著减少了,阳台上的花草却显得郁郁葱葱。我还养成了平时开水龙头时尽量开小一点,洗完后及时检查水龙头是否关好的好习惯。还有我家在用洗衣机洗衣服时,总是将后面几遍洗衣后较干净的水用一个大盆子收集起来,不仅仅用它拖地板,还用它来冲刷抽水马桶,虽然这样多费了一些功夫,可是因为能更充分地利用水资源,我们总是乐此不彼。
并且,我们还养成了一些健康的生活习惯。平时一日三餐吃饱后,妈妈要求我少买或不买零食,尽量少吃或不吃油炸和烧烤类食品。我们在外出购物时,尽量把需要的东西一次性的买完,这样既省时又省力,不需要多往超市跑,节俭了汽油钱,这不是很好吗?我们外出买东西或去超市购物时,我们家人总是自带环保袋,不问超市花钱买袋子,绝对奉行了节俭的宗旨,并且还节俭了钱,平时也能做到塑料袋循环使用……我们在外出的时候,如果能做到不开车就不开车,步行或做公共汽车去,也做到了低碳生活。
节俭和保护资源是每个人的良好道德风尚,更是我们地球上每个公民应尽的义务。同学们,朋友们做到低碳环保只是一种态度,而不是本事,我们应当从节电、节水、节碳、节油、节气这种小事做起,一齐去建立低碳绿色的生活方式,只要我们大家一齐去行动,就必须能够让我们的生活更加低碳环保,从而让我们共同的地球拥有更完美的明天,保护我们人类自身的家园。
今日你做到低碳生活了吗?
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环境是人类赖以生存的基础条件,保护环境是人类生存与发展的不可推卸的责任。下面是我为大家整理的环保 教育 论文,供大家参考。
环境是人类生存的基本条件,是人类赖以生存的基础。当前生态环境日趋恶劣,一次又一次给人类敲响了警钟,为了我们这一代和将来的世世代代,保护和改善人类环境已经成为人类一个紧迫的目标,对小学生进行环境保护教育也便到了刻不容缓的时候了。如何对小学生进行环境保护教育呢?
一、要让学生了解环境保护的重要性、迫切性
要想对学生进行环境保护教育,首先要让学生了解环境保护教育的重要性和迫切性。根据小学生的年龄特点,长篇大论的空洞说教收效甚微,只有直观形象才能给学生留下深刻的印象。
针对这一特点,我在教育活动中采用了以下几种 方法 :
1.组织学生观赏录像、图片和阅读资料。
为了让学生充分了解环境保护的重要性、迫切性,我变枯燥乏味的环境保护知识为直观形象,使学生乐意接受。组织学生观赏录像、图片不失为行之有效的好方法。
我先让学生观看98抗洪抢险那惊心动魄的战斗录像,告诉学生我们人类赖以生存的空气、水和土地正遭受着严重的破坏,森林资源日益减少,土壤过分流失及沙化……给人类带来了许多灾难。我国长江流域,由于原始植被大量消失,因此导致了98年夏天这场小雨量、高水位、大水灾的惨痛场面。我还让学生通过看图片,分发一些资料让学生阅读,从中了解环保知识及其重要性。
如《每分钟发生的环境灾难》:世界上每分钟损失耕地40万平方米,每年损失耕地21万平方千米;每分钟有万吨泥沙流入大海,每年流入大海泥沙252亿吨;每分钟有85吨污水排入江河湖海;每分钟有28人死于环境污染……让学生从这些资料的阅读中明白:保护环境刻不容缓。
2.开展丰富多彩的活动。
好动是孩子的天性,学生在活动中最容易接受知识、受到教育,因此丰富多彩的活动也是让学生进一步明确环保重要性、迫切性的有效手段之一。
如开展《我与蓝天同在》活动,布置学生收集有关环境保护方面的材料,采用知识竞赛的方法让学生认识中国环境保护标志,了解3月12日 植树节 、地球日、 世界环境日 ,知晓为了治理和保护环境,我国也制定并贯彻了《环境保护法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《大气污染防治法》等;采用一分钟演讲、独唱《热爱地球妈妈》等,让学生在活动中增强环保意识、丰富环保知识,从而进一步认识了环境保护的重要性、迫切性和灵活性。 二、对学生进行环境保护教育要有针对性、灵活性
我们的教育对象是天真烂漫的小学生,而小学生具有好胜、好夸、喜欢表扬等特点,因此教师在教育时宜随机应变、灵活多样,让学生在表扬声中非常乐意地接受教育。
如有一次我带学生到花溪乐园游玩,同学们兴致很高,纷纷准备了精彩的节目好好地露一手,还带了不少食品助兴。来到花溪乐园,我先让学生观赏了公园的美景,然后围坐在草坪上边欣赏表演边吃着带来的食品。当我们准备返校时,发现原来碧绿的草坪上开出了五颜六色的“花”——同学们把各种包装纸扔了一地。当时,我真想大声训斥一番,然后命令他们拾掉包装纸,但转念一想这会扫学生的兴,而且这也不能全怪学生呀,何不抓住时机对学生进行一次环保教育呢?于是我又示意他们坐下,讲了一段《天游峰扫路人为何每天扫路》的 故事 ,还跟他们讲了环境保护的知识,然后又扫视了一下碧绿的草坪。同学们立即心领神会,抢着拾起垃圾,不仅把草坪上的包装纸拾干净了,连公园的角落也清理了一遍。当公园面貌焕然一新时,我们会心地笑了。
对小学生进行环保教育也要有针对性,要符合小学生的年龄特点。当今的小学生都是独生子女,聪明活泼的同时也好奇调皮,凡事有个新鲜感,常常有些同学在食堂前有事无事地去踩脚踏式水笼头来玩水,这样无意中就浪费了珍贵的水资源。面对这一情况,严厉的批评只能一时凑效,解决问题的根本还需让学生了解水资源的宝贵,对学生进行环境保护教育。于是我把环境保护教育有机地结合在了课堂教学中。
如在学习完《访问环保专家方博士》一文之后,让学生谈谈学了课文后的感受,懂得了什么,然后让学生展开讨论:我们应该怎样珍惜每一滴水,保护水资源和水环境?学生从中受到了教育,玩水笼头的现象自然消失了。
三、教师在环境保护教育中要注意示范性、长期性
在小学生的心目中,教师的形象是美好的、伟大的,教师在学生心目中有崇高的威望。因此在校园环境保护教育中,教师要充分利用这一优势,身先示范,看见废纸就拾,亲自动手擦洗花坛、打扫卫生,学生定会主动加入这一行列,积极打扫。我们还应把环保教育贯穿于日常生活中,经常带学生到花坛除草,成立绿色小卫队,齐抓共管,共同爱护一草一木。为给学生创设优雅的学习环境,我们还定时请镇环保人员给学生讲解有关知识;带领学生走出校门、走向社会宣传环保知识,让学生亲自参加环境保护劳动实践……几年来,我们始终如一地积极开展环境保护教育活动。
总之,对小学生进行环境保护教育,要让他们明白:爱护地球,珍惜资源,保护环境,是功在当代、利及千秋的大事。我们应该从小增强环保意识,学习、宣传环保知识,自觉保持环境卫生,不做污染环境的事,爱护绿化,积极参加保护环境的公益活动。对小学生进行环保教育是我们教师不容忽视的责任。
【摘 要】树立环保意识,掌握环境基本知识和技能,已成为现代公民必备的科学 文化 素质,想方设法在学校中广泛开展环保教育,使他们成为未来的环境保护者,在推进少年 儿童 教育的进程中显得尤为重要。
【关键词】学校教育;环保意识;环境知识;保护环境
awareness, knowledge and skills to master the basic environment has become an essential of modern scientific and cultural quality of the citizens, trying to carry out in a wide range of environmental education in schools to enable them to become future environmentalists, in advancing the process of education of children is very important.
【Key words】School education;Environment environmental;Protection knowledge;Environmental protection
在学校教育中如何进行环保教育环境是一切自然资源的宝库,是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。随着全球经济的飞速发展,人们的生活正在发生日新月异的变化。同时我们也应注意到,在我们努力创造一个舒适的生活环境的同时,其实也在不知不觉中加速破坏着我们赖以生存的环境,我们所有的进步,很多都是以牺牲环境为代价获得的。日益恶化的生态环境正使人们感到保护环境的重要性和迫切性。保护环境已经成了全世界普遍关心的问题,成了全世界的共同行动,可持续发展正成为人们的共识。
1.与学科整合,渗透环保意识
学校是传授环保知识的主 渠道 。北京师范大学环境科学研究所王红旗教授认为:“环境教育是涉及各科教育渗透性的综合体”。对学生进行生态环境危机的教育,就是要转变学生的思想观念,树立新型的自然观。要让学生们清楚地认识到:人也是一种动物,是自然过程的一部分,是地球进化运动的产物。人与自然之间应当是和谐平等的关系,而不应当是掠夺和被掠夺的关系,更不应当是征服与被征服的关系。自然环境与人类的命运息息相关。人类必须重新审视人与自然之间的关系,必须转变观念,尊重自然,保护自然,惟有此举,才能拯救地球,才能继续人类的自身发展。
因此,在实际教学中,教师应采取深入研究,善于发现,灵活渗透的原则。如科学学科,教师在讲解过程中,适时地渗透环保的知识,如地球上水的总量,淡水的总量,可用淡水的总量,我国人均可用淡水的总量,水体污染的状况,家乡水资源情况和受污染的程度等等,一串串的数字,活生生的例子,使学生真切地感受到保护水资源的重要性,同时,我们也应看到,环保教育跨学科的特征,它可以将教育内容化整为零地渗透到各学科中,使同学们在各学科学习中获得相应的环境知识、技能和情感。
2.开展主题活动,加深环保意识
通过开展环保主题班会课,是渗透环保意识的有效途径。在一个民主、融洽的班级小集体里,同学们更能各抒已见,各展才华,在这样的氛围下,展开环保主题活动,往往能使队员们在不知不觉中接受了教育。我们可以通过开展主题班会,让学生加深对环境保护的理解。活动是加深环保意识的一个重要途径,为此学校结合 “世界环境日”开展了一系列的绿色环保活动,初二(3)班举行了《我们只有一个地球》的主题班会展示活动,同学通过收集各种资料,扮演各种角色,通过同学们生动的表演,深刻地揭示了保护我们地球家园的重要性。初一(1)班利用 国旗下讲话 的时间在全校师生中进行了主题为《保护地球》的演讲。学校还通过环境保护知识讲座、各班开展的护绿活动、环境保护 黑板报 比赛等等,使学生明白保持环境整洁、维护生态环境平衡人人有责,并逐步养成保护环境的良好习惯。同学们还走上街头及社区,向周围的同学及家长们宣传环保的意义,号召大家“从我、从现在、从身边、从小事做起”,大家一起来支持并积极参与城市绿化建设,共同为常州争创全国园林城市作贡献,使大家个个成为“环保小公民”,人人争当绿化保卫者,用自己的双手为人类赖以生存的地球增添新的色彩。
这些活动突出以学生为主体,以科技实践活动为突破口, 推动人与自然和谐发展的活动在校园内外蓬勃开展,达到大家共同保护人类赖以生存的环境――地球。
3.家校结合,强化环保意识
在学生丰富多彩的课余生活中,也可以开展环境教育。学校与社区相结合加强对学生的环保意识教育是我们在教育过程中进行探索的一种有效方式。学生回到社区,回到家里,如何将在学校接受的知识在实际生活中运用,从而有效地提升学生的人文素养。学校与辖区内各社区建立了共建网络,利用社区资源,加大对学生的教育力度比如,结合植树节,教育学生懂得植树的意义,树木和人类是朋友,没有树木和森林,水土就会流失,土地就要沙漠化,人类就会死亡!让学生知道并了解目前世界生态危机的基本状况。可以通过组织看录像、看电视、读报纸和读 文章 、上网查阅等的形式,让学生了解生态环境与人类的关系,加强生态环境的宣传和教育,加强他们的生态危机意识。
现在,地球比以前发生了翻天覆地的变化,处处高楼林立,崭新的车辆在公路上飞驰,人们穿戴一新。描写一下地球环境的变化吧,下面一起随我欣赏一下环境变化 范文 吧! 环境变化范文篇一: 我七岁那一年,我家周围的花儿长得很美,草儿长得又嫩又茂盛,有些草迫不及待的从地里探出头来,小树长得是一天比一天壮,一天比一天高,河水很清很清,清得能看见河底,清得能看见小鱼小虾游来游去。 一年之后,小花小草枯萎了,大树也渐渐的消失了,就连小河都绿得发黑,远远就能闻到一股臭味,简直是臭气冲天,从那里经过的人都要憋一口气过来。我就从那时起,就开始寻找污染线索。 我就一直找,找到我10岁,才找到了三条线索,第一条线索是:人们觉得车停在地下停车场很麻烦,就停在了小花小草的身上,时间长了,小花小草都被车压死了。 第二条线索是:人们大量的乱砍滥伐,破坏树木的生长。 第三条线索是:人们随手把垃圾扔在小河里面,使小河污染了,水慢慢变得发黑、发臭。 我就和小伙伴们做了一个牌子,上面写着是:“请不要把垃圾扔进小河里。”过了一段时间小河比以前要好多了。牌子起作用了。 请大家记住,我们怎么对待大自然,大自然就会怎样对待我们。 环境变化范文篇二: 在花园里、树林里,环境有许多的变化,比如:草变绿了,花变红了,树变多了,水变清了,草变少了,尾气变多了…… 我先去访问了一下姑姑,姑姑说:"我们家前面以前的小花园,花特别多,但在最近,许多花都枯死了,有的已经被摘了,不过有些人还在种树、种花,绿化花园。” 我再去访问了一下爸爸,爸爸说:"在姑姑家前面的西桥的下面有一条大河,以前那里河水很清澈,像镜子一样。就因为乱丢垃圾、乱排污水、洗涤……因此河水变得很混浊、很黑、很臭,河里的小鱼小虾也无法生存了。” 我们应该做到保护环境、绿化环境、人人都能关心起来,才能让我们的环境更优美,大自然更加美丽。 环境变化范文篇三: 我的家在六横梅峙村,那里风景优美,山清水秀。 我家门口有一条弯弯的小河。以前看到那被污染的河水后,会大吃在惊。水面上漂浮着菜叶、塑料袋、鸡毛、鸭毛等杂物,因为长期没人打捞和清理,漂浮在河面上的杂物都腐烂了,散开出一股难闻的气味。夏天一到,蚊子苍蝇在河面上飞舞,河旁边的黑泥土散发出一股臭气。整条河就像一个生了重病的人,在唉声汉气,呼吁着,盼望着新的生命。 现在可好了,政府拨款来修复小河,他们用挖掘机把河底的淤泥挖上来运走,把河的四周砌上石块,浇上水泥,河两岸种上了花草树木,使小河的面貌焕然一新。河水清澈见底,小鱼成群结队的在河水里游来游去,人们不在乱扔垃圾了,还每天有人来打扫卫生,小河变得更宽更美了,空气清新甜润了。 现在的小河比以前更漂亮了,这是为什么呢?因为小河不再被污染了,还得到了人们的悉心呵护。保护环境,从我做起,不乱丢生活垃圾,同时还要阻止别人乱丢垃圾。大家都行动起来吧,来保护我们的家园。 环境变化范文篇四: 同学们,你们了解我们周围的环境吗?在这里我要向大家说一说我们这里周围环境的变化有多大。 那就从我家周围开始说吧!原来,我家旁边有一条笔直的小路,但路旁总是堆满“白色垃圾”。只要一刮起风来,这些“白色垃圾”就会偏偏起舞,有的飞到人们的窗户上,夜里起来一看,还真象个大魔鬼一样爬在窗户上;有的人们刚刚出门,那些“白色垃圾”就落在头上,非常令人讨厌......。 还有,这里经常会出现“沙尘暴”因为到处都是黄沙,几乎一棵小树都没有了。回家的时候总是要迷眼睛的,咳!真没办法。 后来,经过环卫工人的辛勤劳动,环境卫生有了很大的变化。到了夏天,这里绿树成荫,鲜花盛开。“沙尘暴”不见了,白色的垃圾消失了,这里的垃圾山变成了高楼大厦。小鸟也飞回来了,它们在这里歌唱着,好象在说这里的环境真美啊! 安钢是我家,环保靠大家。我相信,我们这里的环境会越来越美丽! 环境变化范文篇五: 现在,随着科学技术逐渐提高,社会不断的进步,我们生活的环境和居住环境不论城市还是农村都有着翻天覆地的变化。 我认为我们现在的环境越变越好了。一次,我听爷爷说,他们以前都住的用土砌成的平房。有一次,下雨了,因为爷爷家的房子漏雨,第二早上水都到人的胸前,鞋子在水里漂浮着。可现在,家乡完全变了,像一个成长的孩子,展示出他的魅力。那一栋栋华丽的楼房既漂亮,又宽敞。妈妈还告诉我以前的路面既窄又小。根本没有东风路、109国道、更没有西区的宽敞大道。可现在我们的路面变长了,变宽了,也变干净了。小区的房子的装璜也是绮丽无比,小区的物业管理也比以前负责多了,小区内的绿化也漂亮了,像花园一样美丽。所以我们的居住环境有很大的变化。 我们的生活环境也变好了,每年的 植树节 教师、学生、干部都会去植树,以前,平罗县根本没有花花绿绿的小花、小草、小树,可现在满街都是花草树木。还有的小朋友主动把花坛里、草坪上纸屑捡起,那些每天扫大街阿姨们都会把垃圾扫的干干净净,人们的保护环境意识也提高了,大街上很少有人丢纸片,所以我们的环境变好了。 我们现在随着社会进步,生活环境和居住环境就有了翻天覆地变化,人们的生活变得更幸福了,我们要从自己开始做到保护环境,人人有责,不乱仍电池、废品,不污染水资源,人人都去爱我们共同的家园。
环境影响评价报告书范文
环境影响评价报告书范文,随着人们自身素质提升,越来越多的事务都会使用到报告,报告具有成文事后性的特点。不管是学社工还是职场人都需要学会写报告,以下分享环境影响评价报告书范文。
第一章 申报单位及项目概况
1、项目申报单位概况。主要包括项目申报单位的重点经营范围、资产负债情况、股东构成及股权结构比例、以往投资类似项目的简要情况等内容。
2、项目概况。主要包括项目建设地点、建设内容及规模、产品及技术方案、主要设备选型、投资规模、资金筹措方案等。
第二章 战略规划、产业政策及行业准入
1、拟建项目与相关规划的关系。
2、拟建项目与相关产业政策的关系。
3、拟建项目与相关行业准入标准的关系。
第三章 项目选址及土地利用
1、项目选址及用地方案。主要包括项目用地选址、场址土地权属类别及占地面积、土地利用现状及相关规划情况、占用耕地概况、土地获取方式等。
2、土地利用合理性分析。主要分析是否符合土地利用总体规划、占地规模是否合理、耕地占用补充方案是否可行等。
3、地质灾害影响分析。对于在地质灾害易发区建设的项目和易诱发地质灾害的项目,应阐述项目选址所在地的地质灾害情况,分析拟建项目诱发地质灾害的可能性。
4、其他不利影响。分析拟建项目是否压覆矿床和文物,是否会对防洪和通航等产生不利影响。
第四章 资源开发及综合利用
1、资源开发方案。对于资源开发类项目,阐述资源储量和品质勘探情况,分析拟开发资源的可开发量、自然品质、赋存条件、开发价值等,评价是否符合资源总体开发、综合利用和可持续发展的要求。
2、资源利用方案。主要包括项目需要占用的重要资源品种、数量及来源情况,资源节约及综合利用方案,单位生产能力主要资源消耗量指标及与国内外相关资源利用效率的对比分析。
3、节能及节水措施评价。对项目建设方案的能耗及水耗指标进行分析,阐述工程建设方案是否符合节能及节水政策的有关要求,在提高能源及水资源利用效率、降低能耗和水耗等方面的对策。
第五章 征地拆迁及移民安置
1、城市居民搬迁方案。涉及城市征地拆迁的项目,应根据项目建设方案,进行征地拆迁影响的调查分析,提出拆迁补偿的原则、范围和方式,并以是否符合国家相关政策法规要求进行评价。
2、农村移民安置方案。涉及农村征地及移民安置的项目,应根据项目建设方案,进行项目征地影响的相关调查分析,提出移民生产开发、生活安置、征地补偿、收入恢复等方案,并进行可行性分析论证。
第六章 环境和生态影响分析
1、环境和生态现状。包括项目场址的自然环境条件、现有污染物情况、生态环境条件、特殊环境条件及环境容量状况等。
2、项目对生态环境的影响。包括污染物类型、排放量情况,对生态环境的影响因素及影响程度,是否符合环保法规要求,对流域和区域环境及生态系统的综合影响。
3、生态环境保护对策。按照国家有关环保法规要求,对环境影响治理方案的工程可行性进行分析,对可能造成的生态环境损害提出对策建议。
4、特殊环境影响。项目对历史文化遗产、自然遗产、风景名胜和自然景观等的影响及对策。
第七章 经济影响分析
1、国民经济评价。按合理配置资源的原则,从国民经济的角度考察投资项目所耗费的社会资源和对社会的贡献,评价投资项目的经济合理性。
2、区域经济影响分析。对于区域经济影响较大的项目,从区域经济发展、产业布局及结构调整、区域财政收支、收入分配及是否可能导致垄断等角度进行分析。
3、经济安全分析。对于涉及国家经济安全的项目,从产业技术安全、资源供应安全、资本控制安全、产业成长安全、市场环境安全等角度进行分析。
第八章 社会影响分析
1、系统调查和预测拟建项目的建设、运营对项目所在地区可能产生的社会影响与社会效益。
2、分析预测项目能否为当地的社会环境、人文条件所接纳,以及当地居民支持项目存在与发展的、程度,考察项目与当地社会环境的相互适应关系。
3、分析项目所涉及的各种社会因素,进行社会风险分析,评价项目的社会可行性。
4、提出协调项目与当地社会的关系,规避社会风险,促进项目顺利实施,保持社会稳定的方案。
第九章 其它内容
法律、法规或者规章规定的其它内容
一、环评报告书作用
环评报告,即环境影响评价报告,是新建、扩建、改建项目对环境造成的影响的预见性评定。根据对项目所在地的地下水、土壤的监测,对项目所用原材料、可能产生的废弃物、项目的环保设施的设计的'评价,从而评估项目建成对环境的影响。
“环评”是政府要求的,各项目需完成环评报告并上报至环保局。环评通过环保局审核后会公示在网站上(但是,国家规定需要保密的情形除外。),最后再组织专家评审,评审通过后项目才能开始建设。
环评报告对企业很重要,环评通过环保局评审、批复后,后续日常生产、环保管理中还要用到。没有环评也没法进行环保竣工验收。
环评报告是针对该项目生产过程中污染发生情况、治理措施是否可行,生产过程和产品是否符合清洁生产要求,以及最终排放的污染物对周围环境的影响进行的评价。
对方要这个东西是要了解己方公司环保治理、产品环保性能等情况是否符合现行国内或国外环保要求,如果没有的话,一般认为生产企业从环保角度讲是有问题的,大项目招标一般不会考虑的。
二、环评报告主要内容
根据《环评法》第17条和《建设项目环保管理条例》第8条规定:建设项目的环境影响报告书应当包括下列必备内容:
(一)建设项目概况;
(二)建设项目周围环境现状;
(三)建设项目对环境可能造成影响的分析、预测和评估;
(四)建设项目环境保护措施及其技术、经济论证;
(五)建设项目对环境影响的经济损益分析;
(六)对建设项目实施环境监测的建议;
(七)环境影响评价的结论。
涉及水土保持的建设项目,还必须有经水行政主管部门审查同意的水土保持方案。环境影响报告表和环境影响登记表的内容和格式,由国务院环境保护行政主管部门制定。
一、报告的特点
1、内容的汇报性:一切报告都是下级向上级机关或业务主管部门汇报工作,让上级机关掌握基本情况并及时对自己的工作进行指导,所以,汇报性是“报告”的一个大特点。
2、语言的陈述性:因为报告具有汇报性,是向上级讲述做了什么工作,或工作是怎样做的,有什么情况、经验、体会,存在什么问题,今后有什么打算,对领导有什么意见、建议,所以行文上一般都使用叙述方法,即陈述其事,而不是像请示那样采用祈使、请求等法。
3、行文的单向性:报告时下级机关向上级机关行文,是为上级机关进行宏观领导提供依据,一般不需要受文机关的批复,属于单项行文。
4、成文的事后性:多数报告都是在事情做完或发生后,向上级机关作出汇报,是事后或事中行文。
5、双向的沟通性:报告虽不需批复,却是下级机关以此取得上级机关的支持指导的桥梁;同时上级机关也能通过报告获得信息,了解下情,报告成为上级机关决策指导和协调工作的依据。
二、类别及功用
1、例行报告(日报、周报、旬报、月报、季报、年报等)。例行报告不能变成“例行公事”,而要随着工作的进展,反映新情况,新问题,写出新意。
2、综合报告;全面汇报本机关工作情况,可以和总结工作、计划安排结合起来。要有分析,有综合,有新意,有重点。
3、专题报告:指向上级反映本机关的某项工作、某个问题,某一方面的情况,要求上级对此有所了解的报告。所写的报告要迅速,及时,一事一报。呈报、呈转要分清写明。(如:薪酬调查报告)
报告的格式和写法:
标题,包括事由和公文名称。
上款,收文机关或主管领导人。 正文,结构与一般公文相同。从内容方面看,报情况的,应有情况、说明、结论三部分,其中情况不能省略;报意见的,应有依据、说明、设想三部分,其中以建设想不能省去。
从形式上看,复杂一点的要分开头、主体、结尾。开头使用多的是导语式、提问式给个总概念或引起注意。主体可分部分家二级标题或分条加序码。
结尾,可展望、预测,亦可省略,但结语不能省。
打报告要注意做到:
情况确凿,观点鲜明,想法明确,口吻得体,不要夹带请示事项。
注意结语:
呈转报告的要写上“以上报告如无不妥,请批转各地参照执行。”最后写明发文机关,日期。
目前写报告容易出错的地方有两处:
1、结尾处有“特此报告”一类结语,由于词语既无实际意义,也无结构作用,应当去除。如果写成“以上报告当否,请指示”,就更错误,因为如上述,报告是无须上级回复处理的文种,所以,即使协商这句话也是白搭,上级不会答复你。
2、同理,报告后面加附注标明“联系人”和“联系电话”也属废话。再次,写报告要避免太长,一般应控制在3000字以内。
1、环境保护,人人有责。我不小心感冒了,不知道是为什么,于是就去看了医生,妈妈问这“是流感吗?”妈妈问。 2、医生摇了摇头说:“因为空气中有太多的病毒,到处是垃圾,修房子的灰尘,工业排放的废气等,这些都导致空气质量差、病毒多的原因。”我似乎明白了很多。 3、随着社会的发展,生活水平不断提高,我们喝上了自来水,用上了电视机,冰箱,取暖器,电梯等。但生活中我们不断地在浪费资源:打扫卫生的水,浇花的水,洗衣服的水,每天都在浪费。水对于我们有多大的用处,浇灌农田要用水,修建房屋要用水,花草树木需要水,还有人们的生活用水工业用水等,没有水我们就无法生存。然而水在被我们浪费,被污染。如果我们用洗碗的水来浇花,洗衣服的水来打扫卫生,洗手时水开小一点,那我们要节约多少水。电也一样,我们每天每人少开一盏灯、少看一小时的电视,少座一次电梯,我们要节约多少电。当我们站在街上,闻到的是臭气,走在大街上到处是垃圾,抬头看天空灰蒙蒙一片,一辆接一辆的汽车都在排放着尾气,还有人在乱砍伐树木……注意观察,仔细想想,我们的环保意识实在太差了。 4、自然不可改良、生活可以选择,选择绿色生活、环境保护,人人有责。
Water pollution and protectShortage of water resources, water resources total ranks sixth in the world, per capita consumption of only 2500m3, about the world per capita water 1/4, ranked 110 in the world, the United Nations has been listed as one of 13 water-poor countries . The extent of serious water pollution, huge losses, the country has a population of 1/4 do not meet health standards for drinking water. Water pollution directly affects the lives of our people, the living environment. The status of surface water quality is not survey found that 25 percent of the river showed eutrophic state, 15% are turning to eutrophication, 100% of the river water hyacinth growth, covering over 30% of the river water hyacinth, 80% of the river there is garbage, 35% of the river impassable blockage, 20% river has become pollution is due to pollutants than self-purification capacity of the river caused. According to the survey, residents of poor awareness of the protection of water resources, the garbage directly into the river, home to the toilet waste directly into the river; agricultural water, the water containing pesticides and fertilizers drain into the river; individual private factories, at the expense of environmental interests the economic benefits, causing serious water pollution directly affect people's lives and production. Conducted using contaminated water for agricultural production will result in cuts; river water hyacinth, blocking the river so that boats can not pass; pollution will make people sick, such as diarrhea, skin diseases, and even cause poisoning, such as Japan's Minamata Disease is one good example of the impact on fisheries production is not be large number of facts tell us that most of our water pollution own human behavior, serious water pollution has caused great attention of governments, I think we should start now, in the governance body of water has been polluted, while protect uncontaminated water bodies and improve fundamentally human quality, and enhance the environmental awareness of humanity.这回呢,这是关于水污染的,如果需要还可以自己加一些案例什么的,但是字数应该会超过了。。望采纳~~~~~
The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and complicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.英语作文常见话题-环境保护 Protect EnvironmentMany people are active in fighting against unfair treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our the environment doesn’t have a mouth to deprecate what humans have done to her, she retaliates through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible floods. As a result,the Huangtu plateau which was once covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was in several developed countries. Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible scene!What we are suffering is only a small part of what the nature once suffered. If we don’t take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly awful should be taken to protect the environment on which we are relying. First governments should forbid destroying vegetation, rivers and lakes, oceans, as and the atmosphere as well. Second voices should be made to announce the public of the importance of protecting the environment. Third enterprises should pay special attention to the effect they have on the environment and work out solutions for the by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.
What Environmental Disaster? We have developed a huge and thriving society; and in the process we deforest huge sections of land for living and livestock grazing. This decreases oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; possibly adding to global warming though the greenhouse effect. This mass population produces mass amounts of waste, so to deal with that we just throw it into the ground, which in turn contaminates our water supply and contributes to further deforestation. We develop motorized transportation; and then burn non-renewable fossil fuels that put lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, ozone, excess carbon dioxide, and other harmful particulates into the atmosphere (Skjel & Whorton 95-108). This produces dangers like smog and cancer and contributes to global warming. In the production of fuel we exhaust oil reserves and pollute the oceans through spills from tankers. This endangers wilderness and wildlife. We produce an inert, easily producible propellant for aerosols; and then realize it's only inert on the ground. Once it's bombarded by UV ray in the upper atmosphere it releases a highly destructive ion that wreaks havoc on the protective ozone layer shielding us from those same deadly UV rays, creating a hole in the layer allowing the radiation through, increasing cancer and other genetic defects. We build rockets capable of going into space and breaking the earth's gravitational pull; and then immediately start to pollute this new environment with spent rockets and boosters along with other miscellaneous particles of debris (Curran and Haw 3). Michael Crichton writes, "What we call nature is a complex system of far greater subtlety than we are willing to accept. We make a simplified view of nature and then botch it all up. ...You have to understand what you don't understand. How many times must the point be made? How many times must we see the evidence? We build the Aswan Dam and claim it is going to revitalize the country. Instead, it destroys the fertile Nile Delta, produces parasitic infestation, and wrecks the Egyptian economy" (Jurassic Park 91). To the common person our current situation contains little hope. All the advancement and improvements have done little to further our species. With each one has come a new environmental issue. You almost need to evaluate each situation in terms of positives and negatives. However, at the root of all this chaos you'll find anthropocentrism, a human centered way of thinking. This way of thinking as an attitude, and moral theory, centers on humans as the highest of the significant beings. The theory views nature and the environment in terms of their use value for humans only (Michaels 7). So all of the above developments with costs can be justified through their usefulness for humans. The human centered ethic is deeply rooted in the past through the ancient Greek and Roman societies. To pursue further development based on this ethic would be disastrous. With our current numbers of population and rate of growth we're just asking for an environmental catastrophe of the highest magnitude to act as a wake up call. Granted that a great deal of the population realizes that unless action is taken today then we'll have to face that disaster tomorrow. The principle question is how to go about alleviating and repairing the damage we've already caused. We also need to address how to prevent doing further damage for the sake of future generations. The only problem with this view is that it is still a human centered ethic. It still sees the environment as a thing to be utilized by humans for their own pleasure. It doesn't do enough. The problems aren't getting fixed. Better ways of doing things are being researched, but the underlying problem is not receiving any attention. So the environmental downward spiral is only slowed down and is not fixed. We've still got the same problems. To take the conservationist attitude further you would see all sentient beings as holding moral standing and due consideration. This includes most of the animals in the world; any animal capable of experiencing pleasure and pain. Through these experiences you form the basis for the extended moral theory. If the animals perish through their habitat's destruction or outside influences, then their future pleasures will no longer be. When you take into account whole societies and communities of animals then the added value to the environment increases exponentially as you combine their happiness with the happiness never experienced by their future generations (Singer 275-276). So by taking this viewpoint you place even more intrinsic value on the environment through the experiences of all sentient animals involved. But at a time when our behavior may well lead us to extinction, I see no reason to assume that we have any awareness at all. We are stubborn, self-destructive conformists. Any other view of our species is just a self-congratulatory delusion" (The Lost World 7-8). Granted this does not present a case for sentience on the basis of pain vs. pleasure, but it does present an interesting way to think about classifying sentience. So you can see drawing the cut off line for even lower animals could present considerable challenges. You have trouble reaching an adequate definition of "sentient." You are now facing how much awareness a creature has to perceive pain and pleasure along with joy from anticipation of future events to consider it morally significant. If a cat is significant, but not a fish, what makes the cat a moral patient while the fish is not? Where is there a difference? There is a problem of arbitrarily assigning moral value when actual feelings and emotions are beyond description. To go a step further away from human sentience you would hold all living thing to be of moral value. This would then bring plants and non-sentient animals into the picture. This view holds life as the ultimate intrinsic value. Beings have moral value in just being alive. So life is viewed as an intrinsic good, and no verifying pleasures or pains being experienced are needed to allot this worth. Anything living is held with a reverence for that life (Singer 277-278). 2】The Environmental Revolution - We Can Make a Difference! Since the first time having blown bubbles in my Open Water class, I've logged over 100 dives. This love for diving has evolved into an intense passion towards protecting the ocean, and all of its inhabitants. I've chosen to put my love for the ocean into action, as an environmentalist. Actually, this passion extends out towards efforts that look to help all the planetary domains gain protection. As such, I appreciate when others take the time educate me on those other realms for which I know less about. To be an environmentalist, one must choose the cause which resonates within ones sole, and run with it. One must be willing to educate people about the environment while being open to education from those people who support other causes. Together we can help each other towards learning how to become a true "Environmentalist". We must all encourage positive collaboration and education as opposed to being against something. For example, sharks are being decimated to near extinction simply for their fins. The fins are used to make Shark Fin soup, a delicacy popular particularly in Taiwan and Singapore. It would be easy to blame these communities for creating the demand. However, in conversing with Asian environmentalists, they liken the culture around eating Shark Fin soup to the culture surrounding Americans eating turkey for Thanksgiving dinner. There are ongoing efforts to educate these people, by members of their own community, on just how dangerous this cultural practice is and the devastating impact this could have on their (our) world if all the sharks were to disappear as a result. Environmentalists everywhere are making a difference! Famous restaurants have taken endangered Swordfish off their menus, these same restaurants are buying wild-caught salmon (and boosting the economy of local fisheries in the process), laundromats have started selling green detergent, this just to name a few of these enlightened changes. This is how the "Environmentalist" can begin the revolution. Just find something you believe in and make a stand. One by one, we can make our planet a cleaner place to live, steeped in healthy bio-diversity for generations to come. 3Giving 1% to Protect Our Environment Though most of the world's surface is covered by water, since the Earth is so large relative to human horizons, there doesn't appear to be a shortage of land. However, when one begins to think of land in terms of a human resource, ., a producer of food, a provider of wood, an expanse for passage, one realizes that many portions are either too lacking in nutrients, too high in elevation, too prone to flooding, or too cold or ice-ridden for extensive use. Furthermore, habitable lands are becoming less abundant due to desertification (the expansion of deserts due to the misuse of land), agricultural expansions and rising sea levels. Since humans aren't the only species that need land, it isn't surprising that this resource is becoming limited for other forms of life too. In part as a result of this added stress on living things, we are also witnessing extinctions of grand proportions-at a rate of many thousands species per year. Since these losses are largely due to human actions, such as deforestation and non-native species introduction, many are beginning to pay attention to how we use and protect land. Recent ecological research has also recently provided a message of hope concerning the future well-being of life on this planet. In the world today, scientists estimate that the Earth is losing at least 1 percent of species every ten years, and the percentage loss may be close to 5 percent. Even if only the lower rate persists, the Earth will have lost near half of its biological diversity by 2070. Can this be possible? Many esteemed scientists think so. While the future appears bleak, several recent insights tell us that we have the potential to significantly reduce what amounts to a biotic holocaust, one not witnessed on Earth for over 60,000,000 years. While there are hopeful signs in the area of human activities (such as increased acreage of nature preserves and national parks), the hope of which I speak of here stems from specific characteristics of the other forms of life which may enable us to mutually coexist in the long term. The Earth's organisms are wonderfully varied in size, shape, function, behavior, and genetic code. One only need to consider that there are ~ 15,000 species of butterflies and ~50,000 species of mushrooms worldwide to begin to fathom the immensity of variety that this planet has. Yet, as different as the species come, the bulk of living things are also similar in a couple of very important ways. Most living things live in relatively small regions and do not travel far from where they or their parents were born. In fact, recent biological and ecological work has determined that most land species are very particular about where they live. As opposed to humans whose choice of home is largely driven by economic and political forces (mobility driven by availability of wealth or forced relocation), flora and fauna find themselves in locations for which they are adapted. We now know that many species of insects and plants have a very restricted range in which they found. Very few organisms are ubiquitous like we are. It goes without saying that you aren't going to find a Great Blue Heron or a Grizzly visiting Antarctica or climbing Mt. Everest; yet you might find the snow bear (recently discovered and previously known as the Abominable Snowman) doing the latter. Recognizing that most living things are rather localized during their lifetimes has profound implications, both hopeful and cautious. On the one hand, it suggests that we can learn a lot about species by parking our scientific minds in specific locations. On the other hand, it means that if we destroy even small areas of the globe we are likely causing great and even irreversible destruction to the species that are found there. We have also determined that there are specific locations on our planet where a disproportionate number of species live. For our species, Asia serves as the homeland for most. In fact more than 60 percent of humans lives on this largest of continents (which only makes up 24 percent of the land surface on the planet). With other life forms, geographic concentrations sometimes defy description. We only recently became aware that the vast majority of terrestrial (as distinguished from oceanic or riparian) species collectively live on just 1 percent of the Earth's land surface. (If humans lived at a comparable concentration level, we'd all have to cluster together in an area roughly the size of Antarctica or twice that of Australia.) This mind-blowing realization has prompted those that have been struggling to protect organisms a new way of thinking about such protection. They have concluded that if we humans could somehow find a way to avoid disturbing just 1-2 percent of the land surface, nearly 70 percent of the world's terrestrial species might be able to survive. Recently some conservationists have refocused their attention on these unique locations. The regions of the globe that contain such a splendid array of biological diversity have been named "hot spots," a name that communicates their critical status. In what has to be the most beautiful books I have seen, Hotspots represents the collective work of scientists Russ and Cristina Mittermeier and Norman Myers as well as photographer Patricio Robles Gil. In this oversized volume, these four scholars have assembled more than three hundred vivid photographs of some of the world's endangered species and threatened ecosystems. These absolutely breath-taking images come from the what they refer to as "the 25 most critically important regions" in the world. These regions originally constituted almost 12 percent of the world's land surface but now, due to human pressure at many levels, only a little more than 1 percent remains intact. What makes these locations, which are found on all continents except Antarctica, so "hot" is that they are home to hordes of the Earth's plants and animals and they face imminent danger from a variety of human activities. The Hotshot authors and others strongly believe that the global community can do wonders if these areas move to the top of our priority list. But what will have to happen for these spots to be protected? There are no simple answers to this central question. Unfortunately, those of us in the United States who have the luxury of time to even ponder such questions, face many obvious difficulties. First, nearly all of the hotspots are located outside of our territorial boundaries, exceptions being the forests of Oregon and California as well as portions of Southern Florida (namely the Keys and the Everglades). Key hotspots are found in New Zealand, Madagascar, and Indonesia as well as the continental parts of south-east Asia. Obviously we cannot expect that we will be able to force other countries to enact and enforce laws that will greatly reduce biological degradation. Yet, while many other countries have ratified the Biodiversity Treaty that was drafted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, it has never reached the floors of the . Congress for a vote; Canada, Japan, and the European Union are among those to ratify it. By this inaction our nation apparently lacks the wherewithal to support global conservation efforts as a matter of principle. However, given that the wealthy nations in concert with international banks promote unsustainable extraction of resources in the world's developing countries, it would appear that we have an obligation to do so. If our national policy makers are unwilling to commit themselves to the protection of global ecosystems and species, we still have ourselves to look to for sources of positive change. All of us have tremendous purchasing power, especially in comparison to the majority of the other human residents on this planet; Barry Bearak, a Pulitzer Prize-winner journalist who recently spoke at Knox College's convocation, referred to the residents of the United States as "filthy rich," a conclusion he came to after spending a great deal of time in the poorer regions of the world, particularly Afghanistan and India. What we buy makes a difference. The environmental campaign to support shade coffee rather than sun coffee is just one of many attempts for the consumer to support sustainable practices in regions of great ecological diversity. According to the Northwest Shad Coffee Campaign, shade coffee agricultural allows for the extraction of a desired resource but at the same time allows between 3-8 times as many birds species to persist not to mention many more mid-size mammals as well as amphibians and beetles. Coffee is also a particularly important commodity in terms of the health of ecological systems because the countries that produce the bulk of it are precisely the same countries that are home to the majority of the world's species; the countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Indonesia, Vietnam collectively produce ~40 percent of the 17 billion pounds of coffee that are harvested each year (folks, that's more than 3 pounds per person!). Burdensome debts also force many developing countries to endlessly delay infrastructure investment. Debt-for-nature swaps, an idea proposed by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy of the World Wildlife Federation in the mid-1980s, have enabled poor countries to relieve foreign debt and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to increase commitment to conservation programs both at the same time. In these swaps, NGOs pay off a poor country's debt to a bank or well-to-do country at greatly reduced costs in order to establish agreements for investment in national parks, for example. While not a cure-all, these efforts have begun the paradigm shift from unabated expansion and unhealthy extraction to one supportive of saving natural ecosystems and securing the health and welfare of all human populations. Threats to these locations represent massive scale intrusions taken by societies found on every continent. Unfortunately, there is so much that will be lost if these "special" places aren't quickly protected from future degradation. On the bright side though, so much of the world's genetic diversity lives in just a couple handfuls of "hotspots" that if these locations were saved hordes of species would be able to persist into the next millennium. The time is now to respond to this fairly recent observation and insight. It is time for the world to begin to act like a civilized 21st Century society. It is incumbent upon us, those with time and wealth, to maintain the momentum that others have started. The masses of life forms are relying on us to make the best attempt at this daunting yet critical task. Hopefully our species will be sensible enough to leave at least 1 percent of land alone, so that other life forms may continue to exist. Do we need all 100 percent? 写不下了,如果觉得不够,邮箱可否留一下,我继续补充