归化翻译论文开题报告

翻译在多元文化发展中的态度及其作用翻译对于民族文化而言，并不是简单的文化输入或输出，它在进行语言转换过程中所采用的方式以及所包含的思想意识和态度，对文化的交流与相互接受有着重要的影响作用。经济全球化带来语言的统一现象，也产生文化“同一”的意识。所谓文化“同一”意识，是在很大程度上以强势文化或者说发达国家的文化形态同一世界各民族文化。这其中包含两种形态，一是“霸权统一”思想，站在强势文化的立场上“以强统弱”；另一种是“奴性趋同”意识，过于趋炎他者文化，崇尚一切舶来之品，迷信所有进口的东西。这两种形态的文化态度渗透入翻译便出现“同化”现象，即用一种文化形态取代另一种文化形态。“归化”、“异化”是翻译的转换策略，假如带有“世界文化大同”的思想，则有着“以强统弱”的倾向。尤其是所谓“强→弱”文化转换中的“异化”及“弱→强”文化转换中的“归化”则更代表了一种明显的同化意识。当然，有时“同一性”翻译策略会显得难以界定，因其往往冠以“引进”、“有效转换”或“有效接受”等名目，似乎只是某种技术手段。众多的翻译实例也确实存在引进先进文化以启明智的社会发展思想，这无疑是翻译积极有效的作用和意义。然而这两者之间需要区别的是：译者在双向转换的文化交流中是否保持一致的态度？引进外来语言形式及文化内容时是出于什么目的？对外族文化持怎样的态度？是否无论优劣均表露出明显的推崇，等等。与“同一性”不同的是，“和而不同”的翻译文化态度则建立在“和中有异，异中可以求和”的立场与意识上。各民族文化组成有效的统一整合体，在共核的轨道上前进，其本质不等于“统一”，而在于“和谐”（对立的统一）。翻译就其本质而言，建立在“共同”与“共通的”基础之上。语言与语言间的转换，以“共同性”为基础，即人类各民族之间虽然语言形式不同，其内在思维以及社会文化的各个层面均有共同的东西，从而实现不同民族的共通。同时，民族语言文化各有特点，交流中必然遭遇差异、甚至冲突。“和而不同”的翻译态度就是体现尊重原作、尊重个体文化、尊重差异，使各自的文化在对话过程中保留个性。其认识论基础在于将世界万物、社会因素看作是一个互为作用的动态系统，各种文化形态构成世界文化整体，同时又以其各自的特点相互作用，进而推进整个世界文化系统的发展。这种认识背景下的翻译，在主题的选择上充分反映“互补性”，吸收他族文化进步的、有益的内容；在转换方式与策略上，则往往采用以“有效”为目的的多样性。文化之间的差异会给翻译的转换与接受造成一定的困难和障碍，以“和而不同”意识为基准，充分寻求差异理解与沟通的有效途径，这无疑会给翻译提出较大的挑战，但同时也更能体现其科学性与艺术性的高级品位。当今时代，世界各民族文化的发展面临着“同一性”与“多元共存”的选择。如何看待本民族文化与他族文化、如何实现文化的交流与交融，很大程度上取决于翻译所体现的文化意识和态度。“同一性”态度在翻译中的作用无疑会抹杀文化个性。此外，这样的意识和态度势必误导译文读者，从而对译入语文化产生消极的影响，使读者（常为弱势文化读者）面对两种同样或相似的文化内涵及形态时“舍本求洋”，甚至舍民族文化之精华以求洋文化之糟粕。文学创作对人的影响是众所周知的，而作为二度创作的文学翻译，其影响往往被忽视，一个重要的原因是它常被误视为“机械的照搬”，似乎将一个文本转换为另一个文本，只需用一种符号去对应另一种符号。事实上，翻译中所体现的创作思想、意识，进而采用的方式无不以潜在的、隐含的种种形式影响译入语文化。同中求异，则保持文化的民族性、个性，使其在世界文化体系中互为个体又相互交融，是民族文化、世界文化有效发展的必要前提。“和而不同”的文化形态对翻译而言，有助于民族文化交流的平等，使不同文化形态之间可以相互理解和沟通，以及相互尊重、彼此接受。由此可见，翻译受制于意识形态，受制于主体的文化态度，因而对文化交流的影响和作用积极与否要视具体情况而定。“信”、“忠实”的概念并不是翻译的绝对标准，有时为译入语社会文化的接受需要可以做适当地调整。无论以哪种方式，翻译的文化立场与态度都有着不容忽视的作用和意义。

下文是为大家精选的翻译在职硕士论文开题报告，希望对大家有帮助!

翻译在职硕士论文开题报告

论文题目：从顺应论的视角看企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构

1、选题意义和背景

随着中国加入世界贸易组织，中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场，提高在国际市场上的知名度，企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料，读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍，也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等，这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整，从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构，以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说，本文有三种类型，分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为，企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之，而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此，外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能，要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受，并让读者产生共鸣，继而付诸行动，实现译文预期的功能。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschuem)提出了顺应论，将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式，也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度，还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益，因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同，译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动，就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整，而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来，并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译，试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。

2、论文综述/研究基础

1987年维索尔伦(Verschueren)提出顺应论之后，在语用学界引起了很大反响，不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索，而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中，成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初。

1 国外顺应论研究状况。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschueren)在《IprA工作文集》(IprA WorkingDocument 1) (1987, 45-48)中发表了一篇名为《作为顺应论的语用学》，标志着顺应论的提出。1995年，他较为详细并系统地在他主编出版的第一本《语用学手册》(handbook of Pragmatics)中对顺应论进行了进一步阐述。他认为，语言的使用过程就是语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态地选择的过程。他将语用学描述为关于语言整体的、功能性综观，并将语用学定义为语言和交际在认知、社会与文化方面的研究。1998年，阿萨卡瑟(AsaKasher)主编的《语用学的关键概念》Pragmatics;: Critical Concepts)论文集中，维索尔伦发表了一篇名为《交际动态过程的语用模式》(v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication )的文章，主要研究了顺应论中顺应的动态性。1999年，在他的专着《语用学新解》(Understaning Pragmatics)中，维索尔伦强调了语用学的地位和作用，这本书的出现标志着顺应论走向成熟。该书主张把语用学当作一种研究视角，突破了以往学者将语用学看作语言学的一个核心分支(语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学)的看法，而认为语用学是一种语言功能的视角或纵观，贯穿于语言学研究和使用的方方面面，可以照应到语言的各个层次。运用这一视角，可以研究不同的语言材料。这是一种研究方法上的革命，可以为语言的不同层面进行语用分析，也为语用学的学科性质进行了重新定位。

2 国内顺应论研究状况。

钱冠连是国内第一位将顺应论引入中国进行研究的学者。在他发表在《外语教学与研究》上的《语用学：语言适应理论----Verschueren语用学新论评述》(1991,62-66)的文章中，将维索尔伦对语言适应包括五个方面，即适应的对象、层次、阶段、领悟程度和适应策略进行了分析，并且就语言适应、选择和语言功能综观三者的关系进行了探讨，认真分析对比了维索尔伦的语用学新论和以往的语用学的区别。他还在《外语教学与研究》上发表了一篇《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架〈如何理解语用学〉述评》(2000,230-232)，该文章首先解释了语用学综观论的理论源头。维索尔伦从Morris的理论中得出了任何规则里都有语用成分，也能从不同的语言成分中审视到语用视角。其建设性意义体现在将语用学从语言学的并列学科出分割出来，使其不再属于语言资源的语言学，而是加入到语言使用的语言学去，作为是一种语言综观和视角来研究和使用，这不仅仅可以解决语用学问题，还为今后人们从语用学角度解释其他问题提供了一种新的视角。

国内除钱冠连外，2007年何自然主编的《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》一书也对维索尔伦的顺应论进行了详细介绍和评述。和以往语言学及语用学着作不同的是，该书紧紧把握住语用学研究与发展的方向，集语用学的三个前沿理论(关联论、顺应论、模因论)为一体来向国内读者进行西方翻译理论的介绍。

关于顺应论的部分，该书介绍了顺应论的理论来源、顺应论的三个核心概念、顺应论的视角观、顺应论的分析维度、顺应论的应用等。本书中理论与实例有效结合，为读者展现了顺应论的完整框架及其应用。该书指出，顺应论是宏观语用学的核心，顺应论为我们提供了一个研究和探讨语用学的全新视角。谭晓晨发表在《外语与外语教学》上的《语境的动态研究一--维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》(2000, 50-52)中介绍了维索尔伦的语境适应论，探讨了语言和语境互为构建的动态关系，指出动态生成的语境观是对传统语境研究及时而必要的补充。孙炬发表在《山东大学学报》上的《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》(2007,51-55)从语言哲学的立场阐释了维索尔伦的顺应论。语言的使用是哲学立场的反映，纵观维索尔伦的语用思想，折射出体现在意义观、心理认知观和语境观三个方面的语言哲学。此外，刘正光、吴志高从哲学、心理学以及语言学的角度论述了顺应论的理论基础，除了对语言顺应论做出肯定，他们还指出“将‘顺应’看成一把万能的朗匙，以解释所有的语言运用，有运用过度之嫌”(李元胜，2007:124)。

中国学者不仅专门对顺应论进行研究，还将其与其他理论结合或者将顺应论应用到不同的领域。在利用顺应论对其他问题进行研究的过程中，顺应论对翻译的研究占据多数。

从理论研究的角度来看，有的学者侧重于顺应论对翻译理论研究的启示，戈玲玲在发表在《外语学刊》上的《顺应论对翻译研究的启示----兼论语用翻译标准》(2000,7-11) -文中，为我们展现了语用翻译理论的发展历程，它超越了以往语言学研究的框架，将翻译看作是一种动态的信息交流活动。文章还指出，根据顺应论，语言和语境之间的顺应是一个相互的过程，两者可以相互影响，同样，翻译作为语言转换的过程，也会涉及到原语和目的语之间的相互顺应，这种顺应应该以满足交际双方的需要为目的，对交际语境、语言的选择和语言结构做出改变。

有的学者从顺应论的角度分析翻译策略和方法，王建国发表于《外语研究》上的《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》(2005,55-59) -文中，针对国内外翻译界对翻译方法和翻译策略的争论，他指出直译、意译、归化、异化只是翻译方法，而不是翻译策略，动态顺应才是翻译策略。同时，他还指出翻译的过程和结果是动态顺应的过程和结果。

顺应论在与翻译结合的过程中，学者们除了从翻译理论研究的角度分析和阐释顺应论对翻译研究的意义外，还将顺应论应用到具体的翻译实践中去，比如文学作品译作分析、应用文本译作分析，同时还有学者将顺应论与语用策略研究、外语教学研究、跨文化交际等方面联系起来。

叶苗在其着作《应用翻译语用观》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics)中，首先对应用翻译进行了定位，然后从语用学的角度研究应用翻译。同时她主张以顺应论为基础来讨论和解释异化，并以《选美中国》为例，结合应用翻译中“异化”和“归化”之争，提出了在对具有中国文化特色的应用文本翻译时，译者可以采取异化策略，担负起传播中国文化的使命，扩大目的语读者的文化语境、认知语境，激发他们对中国文化和传统的兴趣和探索，增强我国软实力。

纵观国内顺应论的研究现状以及顺应论与翻译结合的研究现状，可以看出在顺应论对翻译的结合方面，研究者几乎都是从文学翻译、应用文翻译的角度进行研究，而且很多研究还是局限于维索尔伦顺应论的推介和重申，缺乏创新点，并且对理论的适用范围没有做出明确规定，导致了顺应论在很多领域的误用和滥用。

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翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

化妆品广告翻译论文开题报告

内容摘要：广告口号铺天盖地，大致可分为三类：说明商品或服务功能、品质的；宣传企业文化和品牌的；传递现代的生活理念和科学的消费观念的。广告口号是研究社会变迁的生动素材，它随手拈来，但却真实、准确地记录了人们消费观念、生活观念不断进步的过程和生活水平提高、社会文明发展的过程。关键词：广告口号社会文明商务务印书馆出版的《现代汉语词典》对“口号”的解释是“供口头呼喊的带有纲领性和鼓动作用的简短句子”，但就当今社会现实看，这个定义偏狭了些。现实生活中，口号可能是时代精神、理想信念、行为规范的凝炼和概括，可能是一定目的、某项任务的设定和指向，也可以只是一句忠告，一个提醒，一种关怀，一条信息，听不听、看不看，悉听尊便。生活是鲜活的，现实是客观存在的。笔者认为“口号”可以定义的宽泛些，就是指供口头传诵的简短句子。特点如下：有特定的内涵和目标指向；有时效性；简洁明了；口头传诵。利用口号、标语作为宣传手段，是极为常见的现象，可以说古今中外概莫能外。普京当选俄罗斯总统，那句“让人民过上好日子”的竞选口号功不可没，小泉纯一郎高呼“改革无禁区”的口号坐上了日本首相宝座。时下中国，从南到北，从东到西，口号标语伴你走天下。广告口号的发展演进回顾建国后的历史，最难忘的是一串串的政治口号，任何大的政治决策、政治主张、政治变革都在口号上打下了烙印。从政治学或社会学角度分析，各个不同时期流行的政治口号和某些宣传口号，为我们研究社会体制变迁和社会意识形态变迁及其线索提供了大量丰富的信息和素材；而同一时期流行的不同口号则为我们多侧面地展示了社会变迁的复杂性和曲折性。就现阶段而言，存在政治口号或带政治色彩的宣传口号多且滥现象，形式主义倾向严重。有些时髦口号只是为了装点门面或例行公事；有些口号内容本身假大空或缺乏科学性，行文粗俗生硬，有悖社会主义道德风尚和精神文明。但从另一方面看，这种现象和中国社会转型时期社会征候是一致的。改革开放以来，中国社会的急剧变迁超出了常规的想象力，旧的破除了，新的还在生成过程中，无论是制度还是观念的建构与完善，都还需假以时日，整个社会在相当长时间内将显现出新质和旧质共存，有序与无序交织的状态，社会的价值取向、利益主体多元化。与这种社会发展趋势相一致的是，社会心理的深刻变化：从封闭走向开放，从单一走向多样，从狭隘走向宽容，从僵化走向活跃。这一过程中各类社会群体、利益主体都想张扬自己，努力向社会表达自己的利益要求和价值观念，大众化的口号、标语成为他们宣传自己的有效手段和工具，于是谁都喊口号，写标语，口号、标语的泛滥也就不足为怪了。除了政治口号和带政治色彩的宣传口号外，铺天盖地的是商业广告口号。商业广告口号是19世纪以来现代广告活动成熟化和广告文案写作专门化后的产物，一句成功的广告口号不仅会给商品和企业带来巨大的现实利润，同时也成为商品和企业形象借助口碑流播的一面旗帜，从而鲜明持久地招引受众视线，诱惑人们由消费而生的种种欲望。商业广告口号大致可分为三类：第一类是直接或间接说明商品功能、品质的。如“洗衣用白猫，洗发用法奥”、“世界第一饮料可口可乐”、“味道好极了”、“喝了娃哈哈，吃饭就是香”、“迅速止痒，当然不求人”、“杀菌治脚气，请用达克宁”、“哪里有路，哪里就有丰田车”等。第二类是宣传企业文化和企业精神，树立企业形象和品牌形象的。如IBM的“科学、创新、卓越”，这是企业的整体定位，是企业文化特征的集中体现。“太阳神”的广告口号“当太阳升起的时候，我们的爱天长地久”，其含义深邃、意境深远，令人回味无穷。中国银行的“选择中国银行，实现心中理想”以实现人生理想、抱负为标的，为受众展现出一个在中行支持下开创美好未来的前景。在激发受众对生活增强信心的同时，也激发了受众对中行的信赖。还有如“真诚到永远”、“四十年沧桑岁月，中华永在我心中”、“全心全意小天鹅”等，都属这一类。第三类是传递现代的生活理念和科学的消费观念，引导人们进行正确和合理的消费的。“绿色食品 ”、“无公害食品”、“健康成就未来”等，口号的内涵丰富，隐含着人们的社会生活需求、情感需求、审美需求，它折射着人们的生活质量、消费观念、道德时尚。广告口号对社会变迁的反映广告口号是研究社会变迁的重要素材，它随手拈来，对历史没有任何的歪曲、粉饰，是最朴素、最直观的素材，但却真实、准确地记录了人们消费观念、生活观念转变和生活水平提高、社会文明进步的过程。我们将不同时期流行的一些广告口号罗列起来，就能生动地再现随着社会生产力的不断发展，人们生活质量步步提高的历史过程。不少市场营销学教材都会提到一个经典的案例：福特汽车公司销售广告口号的演变。1920年以前，生产的发展不能满足需求的增长，多数商品都处于供不应求的状况，在这种背景下，只要有商品，质量过关、价格便宜，就不愁在市场上找不到销路，有许多商品都是顾客上门求购。企业的精力集中于扩大生产、降低成本，生产出尽可能多的产品来获取利润。这时工业企业界十分流行的口号和观念是“我们会生产什么就卖什么”。此时，美国福特汽车公司大规模生产T型汽车，而且十分畅销，亨利福特这位汽车大王的口号是：“不管顾客需要什么颜色的汽车，我只有一种黑色的。”1950年以来，由于科学技术和生产的迅速发展使人民的文化生活水平不断提高，消费者的需要向多样化发展并且变化频繁，企业的经营哲学从以产定销转变为以销定产，企业和顾客的位置对调，市场观念发生重大革命，企业一切活动都以顾客需求为中心，企业把满足消费者的需求和欲望作为自己的责任，流行口号变成了“顾客需要什么，我们就生产什么”、“顾客是上帝”等等。福特汽车公司的口号也变成了“顾客需要什么颜色的汽车，我们就生产什么颜色的汽车 ”不同时期广告口号诉求内容的转变，展示的是人们的消费观念、生活方式逐步走向理性和科学的过程。1970年开始，国外许多企业、商家在作广告时不再满足于诉说物品原来设计所要满足的需要，即物品直接的、显性的功能，而且还在努力传递一些现代的生活理念，并竭力触发人们内心的追求和渴盼。这种变化的社会背景是西方国家提出了“可持续发展观”，对于片面追求生产增长而不顾环境的承受能力这种发展观提出了反思和批判，环境污染、资源短缺、人口爆炸、通货膨胀等一系列日益严重的社会问题引起了广泛关注。与此同时，在西方国家市场观念、营销观念悄然发生深刻变化，保护长远的社会利益成为公众的价值取向。对企业而言，它的生产既要在满足消费者需求的基础上获取经济效益，又要兼顾和符合整个社会的利益。渐渐的一些新鲜口号，如“绿色食品”、“绿色消费”、“绿色生活”、“生态生活”等等，流行于全世界，同时，人们注重生活质量、追求人与自然和谐相处的新时尚和新观念成为一种新追求。另一方面，经过广告口号对人们听觉、视觉和心理的反复冲击，也会造就一种虚实相生的流行观念和时尚风气，反过来影响人们的消费趋向和生活方式。同样，在今天，只要我们注意对中外企业各类广告口号和品牌口号的收集，就能及时准确地把握时尚潮流的走向和消费热点的转换。近年来中国人的生活由温饱型转向小康型、富裕型，“吃得饱，穿得暖”已不成问题，现在想的是“有品味，会享受”，买产品重在买服务。这种发展趋势促使企业迅速应变，企业的竞争焦点和市场宣传点转向售后服务。一时间，服务开始摆脱原来作为产品的附加和补充地位，走上前台，成为整个经济发展的最重要因素。与此同时，和服务相关的口号风行世界。如在IT业，几乎所有著名厂商都不约而同地亮出了自己的服务口号：“金牌服务”、“全程服务”、“零距离服务”、“IBM就是服务 ”、“软件就是服务”、“分销就是服务”，“24小时昼夜服务”，如此等等，不一而足。保健类补品的广告口号则往往以“健康”为说词，以激发人类本能的生命意识，从而对所广告的产品产生不可抗拒的亲和力。“为健康每一天”、“健康是金，金施尔康”、“健康成就未来”、“新年送什么？送健康！”、“更黑更亮更健康”等，这是人们注重身体和健康，追求生活质量的一种写照。广告口号对社会的影响广告口号以其自身独特的方式记录着社会的变迁，同时悄然地对社会生活和社会文化心理起着作用。广告口号本来是为推销商品与服务而创作出来，但它并不象广告标题那样切实紧密地一一对应，实打实地贴合商品与服务的特点与优势，而是具有更广阔更丰富的容量。它常常要把商品与服务的特点、优势泛化到社会、人生、生活、真理等范畴，并以积极上进、乐观美满、轻松愉悦的生活样式呈现出来。在广告世界里，一条领带就是男人的世界，一个承诺就是一生朋友，一旦拥有就别无所求，一卡在手就能走遍神州；年轻没有失败，知识改变命运，有空间就有可能，世间自有公道，付出总有回报，生活原来可以更美的等等。还有一些广告口号表现出浓厚的人情味和趣味性。杉杉服饰的“不要太潇洒”、珊拉娜洗面奶的“只要青春不要痘”、双汇火腿的“省优、部优—葛优”等，在自然中透出幽默，并在笑声中悄然改变了世界。从“吸烟有害健康”到“公共场所严禁吸烟”，广告口号由提醒而至劝诫至禁止，这是社会文化心理变化的鲜明反映，也是对社会心理的变化引导和规范。曹铭宗先生在他的《台湾广告发烧语》一书的序言中指出：“一句为促销而创造出来的广告口号，却可能在‘为资本主义服务’之外，再产生升华作用。因为，这句广告口号可以搭上社会脉动，甚至呈现社会意义，被一传再传，最后变成了具有文化意义的广告流行语。”广告口号成了大众文化的一种表现形式。广告创意理论告诉我们：一则卓越的广告创意，一句脍炙人口的广告词不仅要准确、贴切、生动、巧妙地传递产品的概念和信息，展现产品的独到之处，而且要融入一定的文化背景，要努力理解人的深层次心理，洞察人性；要紧贴时代气息，把握某一阶段社会情感的流向。因此，广告口号的制作，不在于优美文字、华丽辞藻的堆砌，也不是歇斯底里的喊叫，它一方面要把所广告的商品（或服务）将给受众带来的利益告诉他们，以激发他们的购买欲望，从而促进消费；另一方面是真、善、美意境和人文关怀的传递，是社会文明进步的见证。参考文献：1.徐祝林.中华广告文化艺术[M].辽宁大学出版社,19962.张文和.口号与中国.[M].中共党史出版社,19983.曹铭宗.台湾广告发烧语.[J].国际广告,1995(5)============================================================================================================================================[摘要] 广告成功的关键在于新颖独特的言中行为及即广告语言。本文从言语行为理论的合作原则与礼貌原则的角度出发，结合实例对广告语言的语用特点进行了分析。[关键词] 广告语言言语行为理论合作原则礼貌原则一、引言广告一词源自拉丁语，意为“警告或唤起注意”，其目标为认知、理解、说服与行为。它旨在引起人们关注并使其对企业及产品产生好感，进而产生购买行为。为达到其特殊交际目的，广告用语在内容表达与句法结构上均有独特之处。本文拟运用言语行为理论、合作原则及礼貌原则等语用学原理，并结合实例，对典型广告语言加以分析。二、语用学相关理论1.言语行为理论言语行为理论认为交际的基本单位是一定行为的完成。说话人通过说话执行一个或多个行为，其行为的实现能给听话人带来某些后果。该理论最初由Austin于20世纪50年代提出，认为完整的言语包括三种不同行为，即言中行为（用声音组词，联词成句，并用正确的语调说出来）、言外行为（话中带有用意所体现的言者交际意图）和言后行为（言语对听者产生的影响）。后Searle 将Grice的“会话含义”学说与之联系，提出间接言语行为等概念，丰富和发展了言语行为理论并使之成为语用学的重要研究内容。2.合作原则与礼貌原则(1)合作原则与直接言语行为1967年，Grice提出：在言语交际时，为相互了解、配合及使谈话顺利进行，人们应遵守合作原则。它包括四个范畴，即量准则（不多说，也不少说）、质的准则（说真话）、关系准则（要有关联）和方式准则（要清楚明白）。即应采用最直接最切题的方式真实地表达交际意图。这常要求使用直接言语行为的表达形式。(2)礼貌原则与间接言语行为但语言学界逐渐注意到人们在言语交际时常常违反合作原则，如使用间接而非直接的言语交际方式，让对方曲折意会而不坦率言传……等等。为解释这类现象，Brown, Levinson及Leech等在Grice理论基础上提出了与合作原则相益补的礼貌原则，核心是：言者应自己多吃亏而给人方便，令对方感到受尊重并获得其好感。据研究，对同一话题，越直接的表达方式越不礼貌。因此，遵守礼貌原常体现为使用间接言语行为的表达形式。3.合作原则与礼貌原则的关系理想的言语交际状态是尊重对方，与人方便，同时又直接快捷地表明说话意图，即同时遵守礼貌原则和合作原则。但实际应用中却少有这种情况。事实上，人们常常牺牲合作原则来遵守礼貌原则或牺牲礼貌原则来赢得合作原则。选择直接或间接的表达方式取决于交际双方的角色关系和交际目的。三、语用学相关理论在广告语言中的实际运用1.广告语言的语用特点商业广告涉及广告商、广告受众和广告商品三个方面。首先是由广告商制作、发布广告语言（言中行为），其言外行为是向消费者推销产品或服务，以达到促其自发购买的言后行为；而受众则凭借个人的认知和经验对广告语言加以揣摩、完成理解并采取相应的意向或倾向（受或不受广告影响），从而完成广告的交际过程。为顺利实现其劝说目的，即执行推销产品的言外行为，并进一步促使广告受众购买的言后行为发生，商家必须采用有效的言中行为。因此，广告成功的关键在于新颖独特的言中行为。2.广告商灵活处理合作原则和礼貌原则的关系一方面，广告商理应为受众提供最为直接、关联和适量的信息，以节省时间和费用，及让对方以最小的努力换取最大的语境环境，这本身即是对合作原则的遵守。但另一方面，广告交际要求受众购买产品或服务，本身属于指令性言语行为。因此，要严格遵守合作原则，广告商就应直接陈设其交际意图；然而，这对受众是极不礼貌的，反而不利于交际目的的实现。在此情况下，Leech提出广告语言应将礼貌原则作为第一性，合作原则作为第二性。他认为，对广告受众无礼将使交流的大门关闭，消费者将会不愿付钱购买，广告商就无法获得收益；因而，为说服消费者购买产品，广告商应有意识违背合作原则诸准则，通过遵守礼貌原则来迎合受众的消费心理。为此，广告商应隐藏真实交际意图，大量运用婉转间接的手法和礼貌的言辞，将指令性言语行为变为承诺性言语行为，最大限度地体现礼貌原则，尽量夸大受众所能获得的益，使之觉得物有所值，从而自愿花钱购买，最终实现其交际目标。3.具体运用方式举例(1)违反量准则如：Wwwhat's newww? At … gives you even more ways to explore land's end with even more ease, comfort, confidence and security. So, wwwhat are you wwwaiting for? 广告中多个“w”明显多余，违反了量准则，这种变异拼写的使用意在引起受众对该网站的注意。又如夸大产品性能以强调消费者可受的益：For real brain-scalding, colon-burning taste, try Joe’s Atomic chill. Made from 100% animal by-products and just a dish of diesel fuel. It's a burst of flavor that will make your tongue turn black and drop to the floor quivering in fear. So for a true gastro-intestinal assault, try Joe’s…广告用词夸张，对辣酱的描述诙谐生动，仿佛热辣辣的琼辣酱就在受众眼前，令人神往。(2)违反质的准则为增强广告效果，吸引人们的注意力，广告商常使用反语、隐喻等修辞手法。例如美国癌症协会广告：If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don't listen… They're probably trying to trick you into living. 吸烟预警广告的目的在于让人们看到警示后停止吸烟，但如直接警告“stop smoking” 容易引起反感。广告有意识地使用反语来违背质准则，幽默委婉地表达了规劝警告意图，意味深长。再如：An extra rich and robust blend of Premium beaus, specially roasted to bring out all the flavor and aroma you expect from a gourmet coffee. 广告采用了隐喻手法，便于受众深刻理解蚕豆的风味并产生购买欲望。(3)违反关系准则广告有意识违反关系准则，借用似乎相关的名人来提高产品的知名度，而非强调产品质量本身，即利用消费者的攀比心理，以其熟知但与产品不相关的事物来提升产品地位，满足其虚荣心。如销路很好的“李宁牌”运动鞋及服装就利用了对明星的崇拜心理来增加产品竞争力。(4)违反方式准则为避免直接劝说的不礼貌，不少广告违反方式准则，使用双关手法以引起联想，间接劝说消费者购买。如在伦敦某机场一免税店前的广告：“Have a nice trip. Buy－buy!”广告用动词“buy”替换了同音异义的招呼语“bye”，意在劝说游客在离开前买些免税产品，亲切自然。又如：She's the nimblest girl around. Nimble is the way she goes. Nimble is the bread she eats. Light, Delicious, Nimble.广告中Nimble一语双关（面包名；聪明敏捷的），暗示Nimble面包使人聪明、行动敏捷；而该词的重复令人印象深刻，无须刻意吹捧即达到了其交际目的。四、小结总之，商品广告的交际目标在于促使广告受众消费。广告商灵活应用言语行为理论和会话原则，有选择地违反合作原则的某些准则来遵守礼貌原则，以间接的表达方式迎合消费者的心理需求，最终劝导其购买广告商品，成功地实现了交际意图。参考文献:[1]付红桥:汉英广告翻译中的语用失误[J].成都理工大学学报（社会科学版），2003，11（4）：23～25[2]何自然:语用学概论[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社，1992[3]Levinson, S. Pragmatics [M].Cambridge University Press, 1983[4]郑建凤:浅析广告语言的语用基础[J].山西师范大学学报（社会科学版），2001，28（1）：109～112[5]丁俏蕾:广告语言中的幽默现象及其语用分析[J]. 浙江万里学院学报，2002，（1）:114～117[6]Leech. G. Principles of Pragmatics [M]. New York: Longman, 1983[7]杨彬:从关联理论看英汉广告双关语[J].山东外语教学，2004========================上面的是网上找到的~你可以根据化妆品的实际情况自己修改一下~估计差不多~

题目是论文内容的高度概括，它对读者具有影响力，可使读者首先明确论文研究的主题。下面我给大家带来翻译方向论文题目选题参考2022，希望能帮助到大家!

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★ 优秀论文题目2022 ★

★ 毕业论文答辩发言稿 ★

★ 毕业论文答辩致谢词 ★

★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★

翻译硕士论文题目选题参考

1、《中国古代足球》古汉语专名与古诗词的英译处理

2、英文合同汉译中规范性的实现策略

3、以目标语读者为导向的广告翻译策略研究

4、盐城旅游文本中特色词汇的翻译问题

5、从接受美学视角探究文学作品中模糊语言翻译

6、法律文献中专业术语英译的探讨

7、扬州旅游文本里文化因素的翻译

8、网络辅助下英语缩略语的翻译策略研究

9、有道词典在翻译中的应用

10、英语散文 120篇汉译项目报告

11、徐州景点导游词翻译中文化负载词的处理

12、徐州特产食品说明书汉英翻译研究

13、从文本功能的角度探究报刊时政新闻的汉译

14、英语长句的英译汉翻译策略实证研究---以<基于语料库的英语教学>为例

15、《物华名胜》中复合式翻译方法的运用

16、《苏斯儿童绘本汉译过程中儿童语言的处理》

17、目的论指导下企业介绍的英译研究

18、新闻发布会口译项目报告

19、目的论视角下看中国高校宣传片的字幕翻译策略

20、《杨澜访谈录》同声传译项目报告

21、VOA经济报道口译过程中顺句驱动法运用的实践报告

22、预测在英语财经新闻口译活动中运用的实践报告

23、中国饮食文化词的口译技巧—《舌尖上的中国》口译实践报告

24、影响英汉交替传译中笔记有效信息筛选障碍的项目报告——以VOA时事新闻口译实践为例

25、视译停顿形成因素及解决方法报告

26、外事口译中译者主体性的把握

27、学生译员汉英交传训练中停顿现象研究

28、商务合同英汉互译技巧

29、英文品牌汉译

30、知识对于翻译的重要性

31、中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响

32、英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译

33、<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析

34、从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿

35、关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏

36、跨文化交际与商标翻译

37、中式菜肴的命名与翻译

38、浅谈英语电影片名的翻译

39、英文电影片名的翻译策略

40、英文化妆品广告之美学翻译

41、数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探

42、浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性

43、英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究

44、论语境在英汉翻译中的作用

45、浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则

46、中英服饰广告的翻译

47、论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性

48、论译者的风格与译风

49、经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译

50、从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译

51、翻译中的文化因素

52、影视字幕翻译的原则

53、影响长句翻译的因素

54、例析英译汉中形象语言的处理

英语专业毕业论文翻译方向题目

1、图里规范理论视角下的《四洲志》翻译研究

2、翻译伦理视域下杨曙辉和杨韵琴《喻世明言》英译本研究

3、《围城》英译研究

4、余华小说《兄弟》中的文化专有词英译研究

5、汉语形容词重叠式及其基式英译对比研究

6、英汉交流虚构运动事件中路径和方式表征的对比研究

7、汉语情态动词“能”字结构的翻译

8、英汉运动事件表征方式对比研究

9、顺应论视角下视觉动词的汉英互译研究

10、语用顺应论视阈下汉语听觉动词的英译研究

11、基于交往能力理论的翻译主体间性实证研究

12、目的论视角下的电气英语翻译

13、从符号视角看翻译中视觉非语言符号的信息处理

14、功能对等理论视角下政府公文英译策略研究

15、女性主义视角下影视字幕翻译策略研究

16、操纵论视角下政治文本的汉英翻译研究

17、从功能对等原则看中国上古神话中神话意象的翻译

18、从德国功能派翻译理论视角分析领导人演讲口译

19、文化翻译理论指导下《黄帝内经》英译策略研究

20、四字格中医术语动词的英译对比研究

21、《红楼梦》服饰文化翻译研究探析

22、英文传记汉译实践报告

23、生态翻译视角下：《尘埃落定》英译本的研究

24、奈达的功能对等理论在Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets两个译本中的体现

25、描写性翻译理论框架下《西敏寺》译文的风格分析

26、目的论视角下张爱玲《金锁记》自译本的比较研究

27、从功能理论视角看戴译本《边城》中文化负载词的翻译策略与方法

28、英译诗歌韵律的定量对比分析

29、功能对等理论视角下鲁迅小说《药》《孔乙己》《风波》两个英译本的对比研究

30、奈达功能对等视角下对《瓦尔登湖》两个中译本的对比研究

31、语义翻译/交际翻译视角下文化特色语的翻译

32、从关联理论看《了不起的盖茨比》的两个汉译本

33、目的论视角下的《三体》英译研究

34、性别与翻译：从女性主义翻译观对比分析《飘》的两译本

35、目的论指导下的《舌尖上的中国》菜名英译策略

36、功能对等理论视角下的美国情景喜剧字幕翻译

37、功能对等理论视阈下的商标翻译研究

翻译理论与实践论文题目

1、德国功能翻译理论的宏观性及其对教学的启示

2、翻译美学的文化考量

3、解构视角下翻译中的二元对立分析

4、传教士翻译与晚清文化社会现代性

5、跨文化传播视域下的翻译功能研究

6、英语专业本科翻译教学主体交往体系建构研究

7、许渊冲唐诗英译研究

8、论英汉翻译写作学的建构

9、文章学视野下的林译研究

10、口译研究的生态学途径

11、郭建中翻译思想与实践研究

12、跨文化语用学视角下的外宣翻译策略研究

13、文学文本中的视觉翻译

14、外宣翻译研究体系建构探索

15、异化翻译思想探究

16、翻译的修辞学研究

17、新月派文学观念研究

18、文章学视野下的林纾翻译研究

19、翻译批评原则的诠释学研究

20、蒯因的翻译不确定性及其对英汉互译的启示

21、近代中国留学生教育翻泽研究(1895~1937)

22、叙事学视域下的外宣翻译研究

23、修辞劝说视角下的外宣翻译研究

24、中国传统翻译理论观照下的林少华文学翻译研究

25、易学“象”视角下的译学研究

26、对比语言学元语言系统的演变研究

27、俄语本科翻译教材研究

28、情境翻译与翻译情境

29、西班牙语委婉语的多元翻译

30、从《哥儿》林译本的句子结构调整看奈达功能对等翻译理论

31、功能对等理论与信达雅翻译论的比较研究

32、《翻译理论与实践》(第二章)翻译报告

33、从中国文化语境视角出发解读西方女性主义翻译

34、证券翻译理论与实践

35、叶维廉汉诗英译研究

翻译方向论文题目选题参考相关文章：

★ 翻译方向论文题目选题参考

★ 英汉翻译论文选题题目参考

★ 2021英语专业论文选题与题目参考

★ 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题

★ 英语专业毕业论文选题文化

★ 英语专业文化类方面毕业论文题目选题

★ 本科英语专业毕业论文题目选题

★ 优秀英语毕业论文题目参考

★ 英语专业论文开题报告范文精选5篇

★ 2021英语专业的硕士论文题目

样的广告中，根据化妆品行业对国际知名品牌的化妆品进行的调查数据显示, 广告中有一半是化妆品广告，,消费量仅次于食品。在这种环境下, 外国的化妆品牌不断的进入我国市场, 而我国的化妆品正在尝试着走出世界。生产商想得到他们在原有市场获得的效果, 这样便出现了一个问题——如何更好的做好广告的翻译? 对此，许多学者做出了以下探究：张超在化妆品广告的翻译中指出：决定翻译过程的主要原则是翻译的目的，它决定了翻译的方法和策略。以汉斯·弗米尔（Hans Vermeer）为代表的德国功能派将翻译从“源文本”的束缚中解放出来，翻译行动中的目的与委托提出翻译行为都有目的，为翻译提供一个新的视角。化妆品广告作为一种实用文体，有很强的目的性和功能性。化妆品广告的最终目的是使消费者购买商品，为企业创造利润。目的论观照下的化妆品广告英译一文中也提到，将目的论的主要观点应用于广告文本中，能够恰当地突出广告文本的目的性，并有效地指导译者怎样使广告译文产生“预期功能”。因此，采用目的论作为化妆品广告翻译的指导理论，确实能够使其有章可循，防止出现“乱译”现象

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

翻译论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

归化和异化论文开题报告

这种问题怎么会有人会呢！就等于是问大海里有多少个鱼一样！

翻译的归化/异化 (domesticating translation and foreignizing translation)是在1995年由美国学者（文努迪）所提出的，而这一术语又直接来源于德国学者Schleiermacher（施莱尔马赫）1813年宣读的一篇论文。Schleiermacher着重探讨了翻译与理解之间不可分割的关系，指出翻译有两种情况，一种是让读者靠近作者（异化），另一种是让作者靠近读者（归化）。如果让读者靠近作者的语境，他就能感受到异国的情调。归化和异化是将语言层次的讨论延续升格至文化、诗学和政治层面。从19世纪70年代到20世纪70年代，我国的文学翻译除“五四”后十余年异化译法一度占上风外，大部分时间还是以归化译法为主调。20世纪最后20年，中国翻译界受西方翻译理论的启发，对异化、归化进行了重新思考，异化译法开始受到重视。归化策略 (domesticating method)归化是采用民族中心主义态度，是外语文本符合译语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译语文化。译者在翻译的时候，心中既要想着原作及原作作者，尽可能的把原文的内容和风格准确而生动的表达出来；同时，译者还要想着译文的读者，翻译出来的东西要尽可能接近读者，便于读者理解和接受。例如： me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。 lion in the way 拦路虎 one’s boots 拍马屁 cuts diamond 棋逢对手 flash in a pan 昙花一现 one foot in the grave 风烛残年 grow like mushrooms 雨后春笋 boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys nobody．一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。异化是指对文化价值观的偏离主义的压力下，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境。异化译法的核心，就是尽量传译原文的“异质因素”，具体说来，就是要尽量传达原作的异域文化特色，异语语言形式，以及作者的异常写作手法。① 异化可以在语音层上出现。例如：ballet译作“芭蕾舞”cigar译作“雪茄”laser过去译成“莱塞”，现译作“镭射”、“激光”目前大街小巷都风行的“卡拉 OK”等。 ② 异化可以在词语层出现。例如：“crocodile tears”译作“鳄鱼的眼泪”“an olive branch”译作“橄榄枝”“sour grapes”译作“酸葡萄”“the cold war”译作“冷战”等等。 ③ 异化可以在句子结构层次出现。朱生豪翻译的莎士比亚戏剧是公认的佳译，其中就运用了不少“欧化句式”例如：在《哈姆雷特》第一幕第三场中，波洛涅斯告诫女儿不要轻信哈姆雷特时说：“You speak like a green girl．Unsifted in such perilous circumstance．”朱生豪将其译为：“你讲的话完全像是一个不曾经历过这种危险的不懂事的女孩子。” 异化揭示了深层含义，又再现了原文的表层形式，一方面丰富和完善了汉语的表达力，使表达意思的手段更准确，更多样化；另一方面，也为我们了解西方文化打开了一扇窗户。