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提升英语阅读能力是我们学习英语的关键，下面我为大家带来英语阅读小文章，希望大家喜欢!
The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.
The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweler's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
皮卡迪利大街附近的一条著名拱廊街道上，几家高档商店刚刚开始营业。在早晨的这个时候，拱廊街上几乎空无一人。珠宝店主泰勒先生正在欣赏新布置的橱窗。他手下两名店员从早上8点就开始忙碌，这时刚刚布置完毕。钻石项链、戒指漂亮地陈列在黑色丝绒上面。泰勒先生站在橱窗外凝神欣赏了几分钟就回到了店里。
宁静突然被打破，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着冲进了拱廊街，在珠宝店门口停了下来。一人留在驾驶座上，另外两个用黑色长筒丝袜蒙面的人跳下车来。他们用铁棒把商店橱窗的玻璃砸碎。这开始发生时，泰勒先生正在楼上。他与店员动手向窗外投掷家具，椅子，桌子飞落花流水在拱廊街上。一个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中，但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰，竟连疼痛都顾不上了。这场抢劫只持续了3分钟，因为窃贼争先恐后地爬上轿车，以惊人的速度开跑了。就在轿车离开的时候，泰勒先生从店里冲了出来，跟在车后追赶，一边还往车上扔烟灰缸、花瓶。但他已无法抓住那些窃贼了。他们已带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了。
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。在他退休之前，弗兰克是一家非常大的事务公司头，但作为一个男孩，他曾经工作在一个小商店。他的工作是修理自行车，那时他一天工作十四小时。他积蓄多年，并在1958他买了属于自己的小作坊。在他二十几岁的弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。在几年的小作坊已经成为一个雇用七百二十八人的大工厂。弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路。他正笑着的时候，门开了，他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理他们孙子的自行车!
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
经典的英语文章适合我们闲时练习英语阅读，下面我为大家带来，希望大家喜欢! 篇一： I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, many pictures are not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. 'What are you doing?' she asked. 'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?' She looked at it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?' I looked at it again. She was right! It was! 我是个学艺术的学生，画了很多画。有很多人装成很懂现代艺术。他们总是告诉你一幅画的。当然，有很多画是什么意思也没有的。他们只不过是漂亮的图案。我们喜欢它们就像我们喜欢漂亮的窗帘布。我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画。他们观察到的东西更多。我的妹妹只有七岁，但她总能说出我的画是好还是不好。昨天她到我房里来了。"你干什么呢。她问。"我把这幅画挂到墙上，我回答。"这是一个新的。你喜欢吗。她用挑剔的目光一会儿。"这都是正确的，"她说，"但这不是颠倒的吗?"我又看。她是对的!这是! 篇二： Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food *** elled good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and fortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! 在下午晚些时候，男孩子们把帐篷搭在一个领域中。一旦这是，他们在篝火上烧起了饭。他们都饿了，而且食物闻起来很香。一顿美餐之后，他们讲故事、唱歌的篝火。但过了些时候开始下雨了。孩子们感到累了，所以他们扑灭了火，爬进了帐篷。睡袋既暖和又舒适，所以他们都睡得很香。在半夜里，两个男孩醒来了，开始喊。帐篷里全是水!他们全都跳出睡袋，跑到外面。雨下得很大，他们发现地上已经形成了一个流。那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野，然后正好从他们的帐篷! 篇三： Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram rming the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he rmed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的："几百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。"编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。 记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。
英语阅读：IfIWereaBoyAgain
If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “There are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “Who can surmount the pyramids — the eagle and the snail.”
If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.
The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown up people say, “I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so”, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.
If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.
If I were a boy again, I would cultivate courage. “Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice,” says a wise author.
We too often borrow trouble, and anticipate that may never appear.” The fear of ill exceeds the ill we fear.” Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them. Be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be feared.
If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, I smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return.
Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it. “Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut out from love.”
Importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect, and decline.
If I were a boy again, I would school myself to say no more often. I might write pages on the doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.
If I were a boy again, I would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends, and indeed towards strangers as well. The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable.
Finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, I would, if I were a boy again, I would still try harder to make others happy.
英语阅读：AnEmptyBox
Once upon a time, a man punished his 5-year-old daughter for using up the family's only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. Money was tight, and he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve, he saw that the child had pasted the gold paper so as to decorate a shoebox to put under the Christmas tree.
Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!"
As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction.
But when he opened it, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Don't you know, young lady, " he said harshly, "when you give someone a present there's supposed to be something inside the package!"
The little girl looked up at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: "Daddy, it's not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full."
The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.
An accident took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child who had put it there.
In a very real sense, each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God.
There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.
英语阅读：HappinessEquateswithFun?
I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful inpiduals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness".
But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness.
The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.
英语阅读：TodayisaGift
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.
They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.
One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.
As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.
The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."
英语阅读：IsPackingImportanttoYou?
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.
As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young man's name embossed in gold.
Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.
When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.
With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".
How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we don't realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.
英语阅读：TheBabyEagle
Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams, trees and lots of little animals, scurrying about enjoying their lives.
The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable, had a great view, and even better, he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him, he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic.
The baby eagle was hungry all the time, but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time.
Until one day, the mother stopped coming to the nest.
The baby eagle was hungry. "I'm sure to die," said the baby eagle, all the time.
"Very soon, death is coming," he cried, with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him.
Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff, with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried "Why did you abandon me? I'm going to die any minute. How could you do this to me?"
The mother said, "Here is some very tasty and nourishing food, all you have to do is come get it."
"Come get it!" said the baby, with much anger. "How?"
The mother flew away.
The baby cried and cried and cried.
A few days later, "I'm going to end it all," he said. "I give up. It is time for me to die."
He didn't know his mother was nearby. She swooped down to the nest with his last meal.
"Eat this, it's your last meal," she said.
The baby cried, but he ate and whined and whined about what a bad mother she was.
"You're a terrible mother," he said. Then she pushed him out of the nest.
He fell.
Head first.
Picked up speed.
Faster and faster.
He screamed. "I'm dying I'm dying," he cried. He picked up more speed.
He looked up at his mother. "How could you do this to me?"
He looked down.
The ground rushed closer, faster and faster. He could visualize his own death so clearly, coming so soon, and cried and whined and complained. "This isn't fair!" he screamed.
Something strange happens.
The air caught behind his arms and they snapped away from his body, with a feeling unlike anything he had ever experienced. He looked down and saw the sky. He wasn't moving towards the ground anymore, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.
"Huh?" he said. "What is going on here!"
"You're flying," his mother said.
"This is fun!" laughed the baby eagle, as he soared and ped and swooped.
"Yes it is!" said the mother.
文章阅读与文学作品的阅读的不同就是文章只是一个片段性的阅读，而文学作品是具有深意的，需要反复的推敲。
按载体分为：口头文学、书面文学、网络文学三大类。
按地域分为：外国文学、中国文学等。
按读者年龄分为：儿童文学、成人文学等。
按读者群体及内容分为：严肃文学和通俗文学或大众文学、民间文学、少数民族文学、宗教文学等。
按内容分为：史传文学、纪实文学、奇幻文学、报道文学等。
按表达体裁分为：小说、散文、诗歌、报告文学、新韵文、戏剧、歌剧、剧本、民间传说、寓言、笔记小说、野史、童话、对联和笑话等；其他如史传、哲理、赋、骈文、小品文、文学批评、有文字剧情架构的电脑游戏与动漫等。
按创作理念分为：浪漫主义文学、现实主义文学等。
扩展资料
对文学体裁的分类有不同的标准，因而也有不同的分类法。
“三分法”根据文学作品建构审美意象的不同方式，把文学体裁分为三大类。即：叙事类、抒情类、戏剧类。“四分法”根据文学作品在意象建构、体裁结构、语言运用、表现方法等方面的不同，有四分法：诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧文学。
“三分法”根据塑造形象、反映生活的不同方法来分类，抓住了各类体裁的文学作品的一些重要的基本特点，具有相当强的概括力。但是，它仅仅从叙事的、抒情的、戏剧的这三个不同的方面来分类，忽视了各类体裁的文学作品在体制、结构、语言等其他方面的特点，因而把一些基本特点相同的、本来应同属一类的文学体裁，分割开来了。
例如，把诗歌中的行情诗和叙事诗，散文中的抒情散文和叙事散文，生硬地割裂开来，分别归人两类。这样做的结果，抒情诗和叙事诗、抒情散文和叙事散文的共同特点，反而易于被忽视。
“四分法”的长处归纳起来，划分时不但注意到塑造形象的不同方式，而且也注意到体制上的差别，比较符合我国的传统习惯。在定名上比“三分法”具体，容易掌握，容易把它的名称同它的特点联系起来。小说这种体裁从产生以后，发展很快，特别是近代以来，它在文学创作中占有很重要的地位。把它独立划分为一大类，符合文学创作的实际情况。
参考资料来源：百度百科-文学 （一种语言艺术形式）
文学阅读有小说，散文，戏剧，诗歌，寓言，童话等几种类型。这几种文学阅读类型的具体介绍如下：
1、小说，以刻画人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和环境描写来反映社会生活的文学阅读形式。人物、情节、环境是小说的三要素。
2、散文，是一种抒发作者真情实感，写作方式灵活的记叙类文学阅读形式。
3、戏剧，指以语言，动作，舞蹈，音乐，木偶等形式达到叙事目的的舞台表演艺术的文学阅读形式。
4、诗歌，指用高度凝练的语言，形象表达作者丰富情感，集中反映社会生活并具有一定节奏和韵律的文学阅读形式。
5、寓言，是用比喻性的故事来寄托意味深长的道理，给人以启示的文学阅读形式，字数不多，但言简意赅。
参考资料：百度百科-文学
我觉得文章阅读和文学作品阅读不同，就是在于文章的话是有一个目的性的文学作品是自己随意的去阅读，但是效果比较好。
怎样有效阅读一篇文章
阅读文章如同阅读一本书一样需要些技巧和耐心。掌握这些技巧对我们阅读理解大有帮助。以下我为大家整理了怎样有效阅读一篇文章的做法详细内容，希望对大家有所帮助！
1、调查背景知识。
有些文章必须要了解相关的背景知识才能够理解得透彻，这时候可以查阅相关的背景知识。
2、带着问题读。
在读一篇文章之前带着问题去读，即使在开始不是很明白文章意思，但起码自己存的疑惑能够弄明白。
3、快速浏览了解全文。
有些文章比较长，读一篇不能完全了解，这时候可以快速浏览以了解全文大意。
4、细读每段内容。
在快速浏览后可以细读每段内容以达到精细理解的目的。
5、写读后感。
在读完一篇文章后可以写一篇读后感，这样对所读的`内容有更深的理解。
6、再次阅读。
古人说“温故而知新”，在理解了一篇文章后，当再次阅读时，或许可以品味到不同的内涵。
一、重视整体阅读，把握文章中心。 整体阅读，是通读全文后对文章的内容、主旨、思路、写法的通盘认识。阅读文章，一定要掌握字不离词，词不离句，句不离段、段不离篇的规律。整体阅读，一般从以下几个方面入手。 1、整体感知文章的主要内容。 首先,要把握记叙文的类型特点（人、事、物、景），根据其特点，整体感知中心内容。写人的文章主要分析人物的肖像、语言、动作、心理、神态等来反映人物的性格特征，表现主题。记事的文章要弄清事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果，分析事件的意义和它体现的中心思想。 以写景为主的记叙文主要是借景抒情，在分析时注意： (1)写景层次、景物特点、写景顺序、情景交融； (2)想像、联想、修辞手法的运用。借物抒情的记叙文主要是通过对某物的外形、内在特点的描绘，运用联想、类比，颂扬与之有关的人物的内在精神特征，用象征手法、议论、抒情篇末点题即可。 分析这类文章要注意： (1)文中富有哲理的语言警句； (2)一般富有哲理的语言譬句是以文中物的形象的描写为载体的，所以分析时要抓住物的形象的特点； (3)想象、联想、象征写法的运用。 其次,阅读记叙文，要把人物、事件、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果这六要素认识清楚，注意时间的先后、地点的转换、人和人之间的关系、事情的前因后果，有些记叙文还要注意对环境的分析。分析清楚每个要素的作用，有助于从整体上把握文章的内容。那么，怎样把握时间和地点要素呢？方法有： 1、连续的时间和地点要注意整体过程，找出这些时间地点的内在联系。 2、注意背景知识，把时间、地点要素与时代背景联系起来。怎样把握人物要素呢？ 其方法是：1、弄清各个人物之间的主次关系。 2、弄清主要人物与次要人物各自在文章中的作用。运用这种方法的关键是：在阅读时，理清线索，抓住全文梗概，细心揣摩作者的写作思路，体会作者为什么要特意去写这一人物，为什么要安排另外的人物等。怎样把握事件要素呢？理解事件的来龙去脉是阅读记叙文的基础。但是，仅仅了解了事件的发生、发展和结局，并不能说是把握住了事件这个基本要素。真正地把握还包括挖掘事件的意义，理解它们与主题的密切关系。具体方法是：分析文章的选材与材料的详略安排情况，从中体会作者的思想和感情倾向。也就是，看看作者为什么要选这个事来写，为什么对此详写对彼略写，这件事表现了什么等等。值得注意的是，有些文章并非写了一件事，而是写了多件事。对于这类文章可采用：光概括每一件事的内容及倾向，然后事事相连，看看总体上写了那些内容，表现了怎样的中心思想。 总之，记叙文的各个要素在文中各有不同的地位和作用，彼此间又有着密切联系。阅读时，一定要注意这种联系，防止片面、孤立地分析某个要素而忽视其它。同时还要注意，分析记叙要素应当与对主题的理解结合起来。 2、把握文章所表达的思想感情。 要把握文章的思想感情，关键在于找准记叙文中的议论和抒情。记叙文中的议论，一般是先叙后议，也有先议后叙，还有借助文中某个人物去发表议论。议论往往使文章锦上添花，起到画龙点睛的作用，尤其是文章末尾的议论，就是段与段之间用上一两句议论，也能起到承上启下的作用。 记叙文中的抒情有直接和间接之分，直接抒情往往借助感叹句、反问句等表述，而间接抒情则在字里行间自然渗透作者的感情，所以此时在注意品味文章语言，重点把握生动、有力的词语，如动词、形容词和副词等修饰性词语。 3、理清文章思路和结构特点。 要理清文章思路，往往要注意： 1、辨析记叙线索。 要将多个材料构成一个有机整体，必须有一条线索。阅读记叙文要设法找出文章的线索，并沿着它步步弄清各段落、层次，直到全篇的思想内容。线索形式一般有：时间的转移；空间的变换；思想感情的发展；一人；一事；一物。要想准确地把握记叙文的线索，首先要吃透原文，弄清人物之间的关系和事件的来龙去脉。在此基础上，分析各个材料之间的联系，弄清材料的有机联系，也就能找到了文章的线索。 2、理清记叙顺序。 常见记叙顺序有三类：一是按时间顺序安排情节，包括顺叙、倒叙、插叙等；二是按空间顺序安排内容；三是按材料不同而分门别类叙述内容。分析记叙的顺序，可准确地把握文章的条理、层次，体会不同的叙述方式对表达文章中心的作用。而要分清顺叙、倒叙和插叙的类型，其方法是仔细读文章，看看其中有无时间上的先后错落现象，或看事件的开端——发展——高潮——结局模式的变动现象，如有，则这些地方可能运用了倒叙和插叙。阅读时应特别注意“倒”“顺”之间的起讫点，认清那些起关键作用的词句和段落。 3、析结构层次。 记叙文的结构层次的分析方法，因其记叙文类型不同而有所不同。 以写事为主的文章： 1．按事情发生发展的先后时间分析；2、按事情发生发展的地点转换分析；3．按事情发展的阶段分析。 以写人为主的文章： 1．按人物成长的阶段分析；2．按人物所在的不同地点分析；3．按表现人物不同性格特征的不同条件分析；4．按人物感情的变化分析。 以写景状物为主的文章： 1．按人物观察景物的观察点的变化，即空间变化分析；2．按不同时间的不同景致的变化，即时间变化分析。 二、抓好局部研读，探究文章实质。 局部是指词、句、文段等小于篇的单位，研读局部，一定要注意不要脱离文章的整体，断章取义，而应该结合全文语境、文章中心及作者情感等深入挖掘局部的内在含义。进行局部研读的方法有很多，主要把握以下几种： 1、抓住关键词语。文章的关键词语，往往能强调某些意味，这些意味能表现出语言的形象感、情趣感、意蕴感、畅达感的特点。“形象感”突出表现语言所描绘的形象或动态；“情趣感”突出表达文章包含的感情、趣味；“意蕴感”则侧重寄寓的深刻含义；“分寸感”则体现语言表达的准确程度；“畅达感”则突显词语在文章过渡间表现出来的连贯通畅。关键词语一般多为动词和形容词、副词等修饰性词语。而中考时常以此作为考点，要求分析其深层含义或作用等，答题时应注意结合上下文语境及文章中心主题来回答该词语的传情达意作用，不要就字词论字词。 2、抓住中心语句。中心语句一般包含：①段落中能概括段意的语句。②独立成段的语句③表明文章主题、中心的语句④段落之间的过渡句⑤反复咏叹的语句⑥议论、抒情的语句等。近年来中考也常以这类语句来考察，要求体会、理解其深层含义甚至点评语句，答题时应注意不要单纯肤浅地停留在语句的表面意思上，应联系文章的中心。主旨、作者的思想感情等回答，且答题时应重点针对该语句的中心词来回答。 3、善于提炼中心。 提炼中心的方法有：1．分析文章标题：有的文章标题可揭示文章的中心；2．分析文章的结尾：有的记叙文卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；3．分析文章中议论抒情的句子，这些句子往往与中心密切相关；4．结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心；归纳主题，切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。 4、体会修辞效果。 修辞效果的体会理解，必须结合语境，从准确、形象、感情色彩、气势的角度看，即看是不是准确形象、是不是感情色彩鲜明、是不是有气势。 三、解题技巧 要点：1、要有自信心，相信大部分的问题都能在原文中找到答案。 2、要注意多次阅读原文，不要一扫而过即动笔答题。 3、阅读原文时要注意把握分析原文的语言等。 4、思路是：看标题――读文章――审试题－－回读原文――作解答。 (一)看题目 记叙文可分为写人、记事、写景、状物等类型的；记叙文的题目一般也分为这几种类型。题目是文章内容的眼睛，简析题目可以帮助推测记叙文内容，推测文章中心。 (二)读文章，（完成整体把握文章的各项要点） (三)审题目，注意审清题目要求的重点词及范围、标点符号等。 为什么要说看清文章后面的题目呢?根据同学们临场的教训，不注意审题、不看清要求就答题，往往会做的题却把分丢了，例如：题上让你找错误的选项，而你找了正确的，题上让你用原文语句回答而你用自己的话概括了，这都是因为不注意审题所致。此外，还要注意找准题目的重点词范围，以为确定答题重点及重读原文缩小范围作准备。 (四)按题目要求回读原文（重点考查局部研读） 第一次读原文是大概知道文章写的是什么内容，但因不知问题是什么，所以读起来重点不突出，当看了题目后再读就比较主动，属于带着问题去读，有目的地读，很快能找到答案。 (五)答题（同样要注意整体把握） 答题时如能运用原文词语或语句回答的，则尽量用原文语句、词语。尤其是表述性的题要注意语言连贯精练，内容要全面，力求一语中的。此外，答题时不要孤立考虑问题，而要有整体意识。 四、阅读记叙文要注意的是： 1. 着重对人物和事物的分析。 文章的思想意义是通过对人物、事件和场景的描述来展现的，这就要由表及里，由文字反映的意象来挖掘思想内涵。 2. 理清读物的线索。 线索是贯穿全文的脉络，理清了线索，文章的段落、层次就好掌握了。一篇记叙文一般只有一条线索，也有的一主一次或一明一暗两条线索，有的以某一事物为线索，有的以行踪为线索，有的以时间为线索，还有的以感情为线索等。 3. 把握记叙的顺序。 记叙是记叙文的基本表达方式，把握了记叙的顺序，就可以更好地理解文章的条理和层次，便于把握全文的结构和中心了。记叙文的顺序较常见的，一是以时间为序，或正序或倒序，其中也常有插叙和补叙。二是以空间为序，或由近及远，或由远及近；或由上及下，或由下及上；或由内及外，或由外及内。三是以事理为序，按某一思想的发展程序，或按不同关系分类描述，或选取若干侧面逐一叙述。所有这些记叙顺序虽然变化无穷，但只要按上述类别去分析，顺序是可以把握的。 4. 分析多种表现手法。 记叙文除以记叙为主外，还运用多种表现手法，如描写、议论、说明、抒情等。描写还有肖像描写、行动描写、心理描写、景物描写、细节描写等手法。总之，对各种表现手法的特点、作用进行分析，看作者是怎样把这多种表达方式巧妙结合、熔于一炉、恰到好处地运用的。 5. 分析语言的运用。 好的语言必然准确、鲜明、生动、形象，而且句式多变化，运用多种修词法。注意分析语言的特色，既可以加深对文章的理解，又可以得到欣赏之乐，还可学习语言，有利于写好文章。 五、记叙文阅读规则 1.景物描写的作用:渲染气氛,烘托人物心情,推动情节发展,表现人物的品质,衬托中心意思 2.运用描写方法的作用:表现人物性格,反映作品主题 3.运用比喻拟人等修辞的作用:运用了……的修辞,生动形象地写出了…… 4.运用排比的作用:增强语言气势,生动形象地写出了…… 5.反问句的作用:加强语气,引起下文,承上启下 6.设问句的作用:引起读者的注意和思考,引出下文,承上启下 7.题目的作用:概括内容;揭示主题;提示线索 8.记叙文第一段的作用: (1)环境描写:点明故事发生的地点,环境,引出下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫 (2)其他:开篇点题,奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫 9.中间句段的作用:承上启下的过度作用 10.结尾议论性句子的作用:总结全文,照应开头,点明中心,深化主题 11.记叙顺序:顺叙,倒叙,插叙 12.写作人称的好处:第一人称,真实可信;第二人称,亲切自然;第三人称,可以多角度描写,不受时间和空间的限制 13.记叙线索的形式:实物;人物;思想感情变化;时间;地点变换;中心事件 14.找线索的方法:标题;反复出现的某个词语或某个事物;抒情议论句 15.赏析句段从三方面考虑:内容(写了什么,选材有什么独特之处);形式(写作方法,语言特色,修辞);感情(文章的社会价值,意义,作用等)
①关键词句、标题的把握关键词句在文章中一般可以归纳为开篇、结尾、段首的第一句话或中心句。一般来讲这类语句都会是一篇文章或者一段话的中心思想。抓住了关键句，就抓住了文章的中心，抓住了作者的思想脉络。②结合问题，整体把握阅读过程本身就是获取信息的过程，阅读质量的高低取决于捕捉信息的多少。做题时可先看看文章的作者、写作时间和文后注释等内容，同时特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣度出文章大概主旨是什么。如果是小说，则要注意其人物、情节等，如果是议论文，则要着重把握论点、论据、论证等要素。了解作者的主要写作意图后再整体把握全文，对解题也就心中有数了。③速读与精读结合拿到一篇文章，首先快速阅读、浏览;随后查看问题，带着问题再一次快速阅读，进行圈点勾画;最后锁定重点进行精读分析作答。这样乍一看很费时间，其实效率很高的，关键在于速度技巧的掌握。我们知道的阅读方法有朗读、指读、默读（心读）、跳读等等，我最常用的"精英特速读记忆训练"的速度法，主要是训练提高阅读能力的，包括阅读速度、整体感知、理解记忆等方面。把训练的过程用实际的练习来体现出来，而不是简单的告诉你怎样去练习。
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