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你好专业代做毕业论文团队合作多年经验范例多多质量保证诚信可靠需要的话加团队名字沟通
Gilberto Montibellera,Valerie Beltonb and Marcus Vinicius Supporting factoring transactions in Brazil using reasoning maps: a language-based DSS for evaluating Accounts Receivable Available online 13 January 2005.
除此，还有很多这类的附上网址 measurement is the process of assessing progress toward achieving predetermined goals. Performance management is building on that process, adding the relevant communication and action on the progress achieved against these predetermined goals.[1] In network performance management, (a) a set of functions that evaluate and report the behavior of telecommunications equipment and the effectiveness of the network or network element and (b) a set of various subfunctions, such as gathering statistical information, maintaining and examining historical logs, determining system performance under natural and artificial conditions, and altering system modes of operation.[2] In organizational development (OD), performance can be thought of as Actual Results vs Desired Results. Any discrepancy, where Actual is less than Desired, could constitute the performance improvement zone. Performance management and improvement can be thought of as a cycle: Performance planning where goals and objectives are established Performance coaching where a manager intervenes to give feedback and adjust performance Performance appraisal where individual performance is formally documented and feedback delivered A performance problem is any gap between Desired Results and Actual Results. Performance improvement is any effort targeted at closing the gap between Actual Results and Desired Results. Application Performance Management (APM) refers to the discipline within systems management that focuses on monitoring and managing the performance and availability of software applications. APM can be defined as workflow and related IT tools deployed to detect, diagnose, remedy and report on application performance issues to ensure that application performance meets or exceeds end-users’ and businesses’ expectations. Business performance management (BPM) is a set of processes that help businesses discover efficient use of their business units, financial, human and material resources. Operational performance management (OPM) focus is on creating methodical and predictable ways to improve business results, or performance, across organizations. Simply put, performance management helps organizations achieve their strategic goals. Rather than discarding the data accessibility previous systems fostered, performance management harnesses it to help ensure that an organization’s data works in service to organizational goals to provide information that is actually useful in achieving them. and focus on the Operational Networking Processes between that performance level. The main purpose of performance management is to link individual objectives and organisational objectives and bring about that individuals obey important worth for enterprise. Additionally, performance management tries to develop skills of people to achieve their capability to satisfy their ambitiousness and also increase profit of a firm. 英文文献：
哥做回好人吧。。。总机构性质的大小，形状：高大或平坦，形状：集中或分散的，而分层次组织性质的组织，路线和工作人员的层次结构，控制幅度。和大小亚基。印度语（1968年）包括在他的组织结构的描述下列变量：（一）的大小，（二）控制的范围，（三）分级级别数，（四）权力结构，（五）通信结构，（六）任务规范程度，（七）任务相互依存的程度，（八）工作专业化，（我）的地位和威望的结构，和（j）之间的决策者和组织的业务水平的心理距离。 上述研究表明，一般就有关的结构变量的各种意见。但是，因为它似乎是一个合理的措施是相互关联的，有必要进行调查，企图获取结构尺寸更简洁的措施之间建立的相互关系。几个这样的企图而制定的。霍尔等人。 （1967年），用于判断归类结构性措施。判断是最重要的结构性措施是：（一）复杂性，包括一批重大活动，多层次级别的数量，细分和数量;（二）形式化，包括权力集中，并在书面沟通和去强调通过渠道;及（三）活动，包括功能和支持的部门。普里恩和罗南（1971）因素分析，包括38个输入变量衡量组织结构以及组织环境（历史，目标），组织过程（奖励进程），组织标准输出的组织变量。一贯的因素在出现三个或更多的研究是：（一）组织的规模，（二）定型，（三）集中的权力，（四）技术的程度，以及（e）参照标准化技术和产品的复杂性。 Dunteman（1966）因子分析对问卷的答复，其中包括相关的组织特性，管理属性，激励条件，员工特征的问题。以及个人和组织的有效性。出现的因素，更主要的结构是：（一）组织的规模，（b）支付技能水平，（三）劳动人口减少和机械化作业，（四）劳动分配，以及（e）技术人员和控制与保护对人类负债。
每当企业成立后，明示或暗示采用了一种特殊的商业模式，描述了设计或创造价值，提供架构，并捕获它职业机制的一种商业模式的实质，是在德 - 罚款的方式，其中企业客户提供了价值，诱使客户支付的价值，并且将这些款项以得益.它因此反映了管理层对客户所需要的假设，他们希望如何，以及企业如何能够最好地满足组织这些需要，得到报酬这样做，使这一条获益.这个的目的是了解商业模式的意义，探索与企业战略，创新管理的联系，以及经济理论。
一般在论文里，都要求有一至二个英文文献。我给你几个参考。都是有关信息系统的参考文献。[1] Management Information System , Mcleod , Printice Hall , 1998[2] Thomas R. Security Risk Associates Inc,2001[3] H. M. Hassan & Charles Hutchinson. Natural Resource and Environmental Information for Decision Making. A World Bank Publication, Washington D. C., USA, 1995[4] Willian K, Michener, James W. Brunt & Susan G. Stafford. Environmental Information Management and Analysis: Ecosystem to Global Scales, Taylor & Franics Ltd, London, Britain,1994[5] [美] Michael N. DeMers著，武法东、付宗堂、王小牛等译. 地理信息系统基本原理（第二版）. 北京：电子工业出版社，2001[6] Michael F. Worboys. GIS: A Computing Perspective. Taylor & Franics Ltd, London, Britain,1995[7] Robert Laurini, Derek Thompson. Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. Academic Press, London, 1993_______________________________________________________参考文献：（1）、《管理信息系统》（第三版） 薛华成主编 清华大学出版社 1999年；（2）、《管理信息系统》 陈禹主编 中国人民大学出版社 1998年；（3）、《信息系统开发方法――方法、策略、技术、工具与发展》 姜旭平编著；清华大学出版社 1997年；（4）、《计算机数据处理系统分析与设计》 王勇领编著 清华大学出版社1986年；（5）、《管理信息系统导论》 黄梯云主编 机械工业出版社 1985年；（6）、《系统分析与设计》 季延平、郭鸿志合著 华秦书局 1995年；
除此，还有很多这类的附上网址 measurement is the process of assessing progress toward achieving predetermined goals. Performance management is building on that process, adding the relevant communication and action on the progress achieved against these predetermined goals.[1] In network performance management, (a) a set of functions that evaluate and report the behavior of telecommunications equipment and the effectiveness of the network or network element and (b) a set of various subfunctions, such as gathering statistical information, maintaining and examining historical logs, determining system performance under natural and artificial conditions, and altering system modes of operation.[2] In organizational development (OD), performance can be thought of as Actual Results vs Desired Results. Any discrepancy, where Actual is less than Desired, could constitute the performance improvement zone. Performance management and improvement can be thought of as a cycle: Performance planning where goals and objectives are established Performance coaching where a manager intervenes to give feedback and adjust performance Performance appraisal where individual performance is formally documented and feedback delivered A performance problem is any gap between Desired Results and Actual Results. Performance improvement is any effort targeted at closing the gap between Actual Results and Desired Results. Application Performance Management (APM) refers to the discipline within systems management that focuses on monitoring and managing the performance and availability of software applications. APM can be defined as workflow and related IT tools deployed to detect, diagnose, remedy and report on application performance issues to ensure that application performance meets or exceeds end-users’ and businesses’ expectations. Business performance management (BPM) is a set of processes that help businesses discover efficient use of their business units, financial, human and material resources. Operational performance management (OPM) focus is on creating methodical and predictable ways to improve business results, or performance, across organizations. Simply put, performance management helps organizations achieve their strategic goals. Rather than discarding the data accessibility previous systems fostered, performance management harnesses it to help ensure that an organization’s data works in service to organizational goals to provide information that is actually useful in achieving them. and focus on the Operational Networking Processes between that performance level. The main purpose of performance management is to link individual objectives and organisational objectives and bring about that individuals obey important worth for enterprise. Additionally, performance management tries to develop skills of people to achieve their capability to satisfy their ambitiousness and also increase profit of a firm. 英文文献：
论文框架由以下几部分组成：
1、介绍
简要地总结论文主题，说明为什么这个主题有价值，也许还可以概述一下你的主要结果。
2、背景信息(可选)
简短地介绍背景信息是必要的，特别是当你的论文涉及两个或多个传统领域时。
3、新技术回顾
这部分回顾了与论文相关的研究现状。
4、研究问题或问题陈述
工程论文倾向于提到一个需要解决的“问题”，而其他学科则是用一个需要回答的“问题”来表述。在这两种情况下，有三个主要部分：
5、描述你如何解决问题或回答问题
论文的这一部分形式更加自由，可以有一个或几个部分和子部分。
6、结论
结论部分通常涵盖三件事，并且每一件事都应该有一个单独的小节：
7、参考文献
参考文献的列表与第3部分中给出的技术现状综述紧密相关。所有的参考文献都必须在论文正文中提及。参考书目可能包括论文中没有直接引用的作品。
8、附录
一般来说，太过具体的材料不适合在论文主体中出现，但可供考官仔细阅读，以充分说服他们。
哥做回好人吧。。。总机构性质的大小，形状：高大或平坦，形状：集中或分散的，而分层次组织性质的组织，路线和工作人员的层次结构，控制幅度。和大小亚基。印度语（1968年）包括在他的组织结构的描述下列变量：（一）的大小，（二）控制的范围，（三）分级级别数，（四）权力结构，（五）通信结构，（六）任务规范程度，（七）任务相互依存的程度，（八）工作专业化，（我）的地位和威望的结构，和（j）之间的决策者和组织的业务水平的心理距离。 上述研究表明，一般就有关的结构变量的各种意见。但是，因为它似乎是一个合理的措施是相互关联的，有必要进行调查，企图获取结构尺寸更简洁的措施之间建立的相互关系。几个这样的企图而制定的。霍尔等人。 （1967年），用于判断归类结构性措施。判断是最重要的结构性措施是：（一）复杂性，包括一批重大活动，多层次级别的数量，细分和数量;（二）形式化，包括权力集中，并在书面沟通和去强调通过渠道;及（三）活动，包括功能和支持的部门。普里恩和罗南（1971）因素分析，包括38个输入变量衡量组织结构以及组织环境（历史，目标），组织过程（奖励进程），组织标准输出的组织变量。一贯的因素在出现三个或更多的研究是：（一）组织的规模，（二）定型，（三）集中的权力，（四）技术的程度，以及（e）参照标准化技术和产品的复杂性。 Dunteman（1966）因子分析对问卷的答复，其中包括相关的组织特性，管理属性，激励条件，员工特征的问题。以及个人和组织的有效性。出现的因素，更主要的结构是：（一）组织的规模，（b）支付技能水平，（三）劳动人口减少和机械化作业，（四）劳动分配，以及（e）技术人员和控制与保护对人类负债。
工商管理毕业论文参考文献
充实的大学生活即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，优秀的毕业论文都具备一些什么特点呢？以下是我收集整理的工商管理毕业论文参考文献，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
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财务管理论文参考文献怎么写
参考文献规范格式
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的'首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
【举例】[4] 葛家 澍 ，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).
【举例】
[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[8] 伍 蠡 甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.
[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, .
[10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. .
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.
6.研究报告
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-10.
7.条例
【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期
【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05
8.译著
【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
三、注释
注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献
参考文献与文中注(王小龙，2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等 ，并列写出来
财务管理论文英文参考文献
范文一
[1]Allport, G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt,Rinehart & Winston, 1937.
[2]DeVellis, R. Scale development: Theory and application. London: Sage. 1991.
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[8]Belkin, N. J. Anomalous state of knowledge for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 1980,5(5)，133-143.
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[10]Atkin, C. K. Instrumental utilities and information seeking. New models for mass communication research, Oxford,England: Sage,1973.
范文二
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[2]Arora, A. Patents,licensing, and market structure in the chemical Policy, 1997,26(4-5)， 391-403.
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[9]Bresman, H.,Birkinshaw, J.,& Nobel, R. Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3)，439-462.
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Financial management problems researchIn a market economy, the management is to determine the importance of enterprise survival and development. In recent years, due to ideological bias in understanding and some historical reasons, the objective reasons why the number of internal financial management system is not sound financial management to cause confusion, resulting in some lack of internal oversight mechanisms, occurring false accounts or accounts peripherals account. A direct result of confusion in financial management and poor efficiency of enterprises. This is the proof from experience. Therefore, the strengthening of financial management, establish a sound internal financial management system has become a business imperative. First, enterprises should establish a sound system of internal financial management. (A) The establishment of internal financial management system is to adapt to the socialist market economic system, the objective requirements of Enterprises to survive in market competition, and development, we must follow the requirements of market economy norms financial behavior. That must be in accordance with the requirements of market economy financing, use of funds and distribution of benefits, improve production and operations, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in order to achieve economic growth, to change the way companies adapt to market economy objective requirements. (B) Establish a sound internal financial management system is an inherent requirement of enterprise management 1、Financial management is the basis for all management activities, is the central link in enterprise management. Internal financial management of the company's funds management activities and the form of value, mainly based on cost management and capital management as the center, through a form of value management, to physical form of management. Therefore financial management is the basis for all management activities, the central link in enterprise 、Financial management throughout all aspects of production and operation and the entire process. According to its meaning, we can summarize the four main elements of financial management, including fund-raising management, investment management, working capital management and profit distribution management. (C) financial management and business management all have extensive contact In business activities, financial management of the tentacles stretched to every corner of business, each department will be serviced through the use of funds into contact with the financial sector, each sector should in the rational use of funds, to save money and so accept what Department guidance, subject to the constraints of financial systems in order to ensure the improvement of economic efficiency of enterprises. (D) Fast Company's financial management reflects the company's production operations. All production and business activities of enterprises, are ultimately reflected in the financial results up through the accounting, analysis, comparison, you can check the implementation of enterprise production and business activities, and finding problems, find solutions to the problem. In particular financial results reflect the number and circumstances of the authoritative. In business management, regardless of whether the appropriate decision-making level of technology, production and marketing is smooth and other areas can be quickly reflected from the financial indicators. Second, internal financial management system is difficult to establish the main reason (A) Of the market economy on the business impact of internal financial management system As the market economy further, some units of one-sided emphasis on corporate ownership and management rights, to relax the internal financial management, resulting in varying degrees of accounting based on the work of the weakening, landslides and even chaos. In particular in: 1、According to state regulations, prepare accounts of the financial system does not require the construction, prepare accounts but the accounts Though some confusion; 2、Account or accounts peripheral false accounts, concealing the true financial condition and business economic results; 3、Violation of financial discipline, unauthorized retention, transfer of national income, "little treasuries"; 4、Violation of the financial accounting system, mob unjustified costs, free to write off the cost, reduce profits or increase any loss, severe distortion of accounting information. (B) The overall quality of corporate financial officers is not high enough lead to strong financial management awareness As a corporate financial officer is the drafting of internal financial systems, and also a supervisor and executor. Therefore, the company staff the ability to work, the level of service quality on the establishment of internal financial systems and the implementation of the system plays an important role. But a considerable part of the company's financial staff as subjective and objective factors, difficult to fully undertake the development of internal financial management system functions, mainly: 1、A considerable part of the financial personnel not familiar with the new enterprise financial systems, business is not fine, initiative is not strong, was unable to start with; 2、There is fear of corporate financial officers, afraid of offending the leadership, fear of losing easy work; 3、Position itself is not even one-sided view to establish and improve internal financial management system is a matter of leadership has nothing to do with their own. Third, establish a sound system of internal financial management measures Analysis for the above reasons, establish a sound internal financial systems, available from the following aspects: (A) To strengthen leadership, unity of thinking, to raise awareness Strengthen publicity and education, through advocacy and education to business owners and financial officers, are able to fully understand the importance of financial management within the enterprise, necessity and relevance, to establish a sound system of internal financial management combined with the modern enterprise system, With the deepening of enterprise reform, change their operating mechanism combined. To remove the system more robust, the greater the constraints on business leaders recognize the error, correct thinking, continue to carry forward the fine tradition of hard work and style, and promote the healthy development of this work. (B) To strengthen the corporate financial staff training and enhancing ethics finance staff 1、Through a series of training courses, seminars, courses and conferences and other means to enhance the business training corporate financial officers, financial officers to enhance the learning of the market economic theory in order to improve the level of financial personnel and accounting theory of the business. 2、Strengthen the financial staff of professional ethics, and vigorously promote the reform and opening up the financial front since the company emerged out of the advanced character and deeds, the majority of financial officers perceived importance of professional ethics training to high professional ethics do their jobs. (C) The financial sector should strengthen guidance and promote the establishment of internal financial system The financial departments should establish and improve internal financial management system and implementation of enterprise autonomy, and promote enterprises to change their operational mechanism, establish a modern enterprise system. Written guidance is necessary tissue samples to help companies promote counseling and guidance to accelerate the popularization. In summary, the objective of financial management of financial activities of the enterprise organization, handling financial relationships to achieve the fundamental purpose, which determines the basic direction of financial management, financial management is the starting point. Enterprise Financial Management reflects the balance between the interests of interest groups, is a comprehensive reflection of the interaction of various factors. Enterprise is the enterprise financial management system for financial management, financial work to develop the enterprise system. According to relevant laws, regulations and financial system, and developed with the specific circumstances of enterprises. In practice, norms and guiding role to play, the sound development of enterprises played an important role.
在"google学术"上搜索.
1 罗伯特·D·考特，托马斯·S·尤伦：《法和经济学》，上海财经大学出版社，2002，1371 萨瓦斯：《民营与公私部门的伙伴关系》，中国人民大学出版社，2002，45
沈四光 因梦想与物业结缘 为发展而改革创新——我与物业管理这些年 《中国物业管理》 2011年 第7期 谭善勇.物业管理市场理论与实务[M].北京：首都经济贸易出版社，2001. 陈德豪.物业管理概论与实务[M].广州：广东职业技能鉴定中心，2005.
The necessity for accurate speech recognition systems capableof handling adverse environments with multiple speakershas in recent years fueled speech separation and enhancementresearch [1, 5, 3, 2, 6, 4]. This has resulted in numeroustechniques with varying degrees of success, most ofwhich employ multiple microphones [1, 3, 2, 6, 4]. Beamformingtechniques, for example, utilize knowledge aboutthe direction of the speech source of interest in order to reducenoise from other directions. The resulting SNR gainis significant as long as a large number of microphones areavailable [6, 4]. Independent Component Analysis (ICA),on the other hand, is capable of producing large SNR gainswith few microphones [1, 3]. However, ICA has severallimitations that have hampered its application in real-worldsituations [1, 6].Interestingly, both of these popular techniques (as wellas many other speech separation techniques) are similar inthe sense that they are not specifically designed to functionfor speech signals. Speech has certain characteristics whoseutilization can provide a significant edge in the de-noisingand signal separation tasks [2, 5].In this paper, we extend the phase error filtering techniqueinitially proposed in [2] to include the magnitudesof the two microphones in addition to the phase technique transforms two noisy time-domain signalsrecorded by two microphones into their time-frequency(TF) representations. For each time-frequency componentor block, a phase-error measure is derived from the informationin both microphones. Based on this, the time-frequencyblock for each microphone is scaled by a masking value betweenzero and one. Basically, TF blocks with large phaseerrorsare ‘punished’ by a small mask value (0) and TFblocks with small phase-errors are ‘rewarded’ by a largemask value (1).In the following sections, we formulate four different TFmasks and analyze them theoretically, through SNR-gainsimulations, and digit recognition experiments.