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经济学人是一份英文期刊，主要报道全球经济和商业新闻，提供有关经济、金融、投资、政治和社会发展的分析和评论。双语经济学人是一份中英文双语期刊，主要报道中国经济和商业新闻，提供有关中国经济、金融、投资、政治和社会发展的分析和评论。两者区别是截然不同的
想要订阅Economist（经济学人）有两大类渠道：正规的和不正规的。1、正规渠道（1）最佳渠道就是通过eco官网订阅（The Economist），包括数字版（400元人民币/年)、印刷版（2,000元人民币/年）和数字+印刷版（2,400元人民币/年)三种选择。使用VISA或者万事达信用卡支付，如果订阅纸质版还可以免费配送。根据我的经验纸质版经常会有延迟，甚至有过一次丢刊情况，但最近几年好很多。如果平时有使用苹果ios（310元人民币/年）者安卓、WP等智能设备的话，也可以选择订阅数字版，并下载APP来阅读每一期的数字内容，ipad和iphone都有很好的阅读体验。（2）退而求其次，如果追求性价比放弃时效性的话，可以选择去淘宝搜寻过刊购买，通常价格可以压到很低，北大东门报刊亭等一些学校附近的刊物售卖点有时候也会提供部分过刊出售。（3）如果还要进一步追求性价比的话，通常最佳选择就是图书馆了。国图三年前外文区有Economist，但我已经很久没有确认了。好一点的高校图书馆也有可能订阅，有条件的话请尽量利用学校资源。另外，美国领事馆内部的图书馆会定期更新，例如驻成都的是免费向公众开放，有条件的可以去那里借阅。2、非正规渠道主要是使用网络资源获得PDF和音频的下载，例如ECO中文网、百度经济学人杂志吧等。（1）优点：免费；（2）缺点：更新滞后、资源有失效可能、无audio版。
经济学人双语版、爱洋葱阅读、英语头条、每日双语播报、酷悠双语、双语新闻、BBC双语新闻、BBC有声双语新闻、有道e读、CNN双语新闻、滴答双语阅读、每日双语新闻、FT中文网双语阅读、new york times等，这些双语阅读器都是非常不错的。
1.如何订阅经济学人文章？可以订阅经济学人商论APP，付费之后可以学习里面的双语文章，一年500元。也可以看一些平台的学习笔记更新，比如高斋外刊双语精读，定期也可以经济学人原文和笔记。比如这种：经济学人18年2月期 No ordinary Zhou非凡人物周小川China’s formative central banker is about to retire, but his influence will live on.为中国央行奠基立业的行长即将退休，但他的影响将一直持续原文：WHEN Zhou Xiaochuan took the helm of China’s central bank 15 years ago, the world was very different. China had just joined the World Trade Organisation and its economy was still smaller than Britain’s. Foreign investors paid little heed to the new governor of the People’s Bank of China. He seemed safe to ignore: another black-haired, bespectacled official whose talk was littered with socialist bromides.官方译文：周小川15年前执掌中国央行时，世界与现今迥然不同。当时中国刚刚加入世贸组织，经济总量仍低于英国。外国投资者没把中国人民银行的这位新行长当回事。看起来，忽视他也没什么风险：这不过是又一位黑头发、戴眼镜的官员，一张嘴便是社会主义惯用的陈词滥调。 第一句：WHEN Zhou Xiaochuan took the helm of China’s central bank 15 years ago, the world was very different. 周小川15年前执掌中国央行时，世界与现今迥然不同。一、《经济学人》中是如何介绍人物的？the world was very different：《经济学人》在介绍人物时，前半句一般是“介绍人物+所做重要事件+时间”，后半句用“the world was very different”、“the world was a different place”等类似表达。在平常的英语写作中，可以借鉴类似表达，提升语言张力。比如在介绍马斯克的时候这样说：WHEN Elon Musk started Tesla in 2003 the world was a different place.伊隆马斯克2003年创办特斯拉时，世界与现在大不同。二、“执掌...”英语怎么说？take the helm of：比如金融时报这样说：Guo Shuqing, who took the helm of the CSRC in late October, said in a first public address this month that he wanted to clean up 月末开始执掌中国证监会的郭树清，本月在第一次公开讲话中表示，他要清理市场。第二句：China had just joined the World Trade Organisation and its economy was still smaller than Britain’s.当时中国刚刚加入世贸组织，经济总量仍低于英国。一、“经济总量”怎么说？在经济学人中，表达“经济总量时”，往往直接使用“economy”即可，而不使用“the amount of economy”、“economy aggregate”等。二、过去完成时的结构以及用法过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前完成的动作或发生的情况，句子谓语形式由had+动词的过去分词构成，通常表述为“过去的过去”。也可以跟有一定的时间状语，如by, before等介词或连词。“had just joined”：文章中第一句第二句所表达的思想为“周小川15年前执掌中国央行时，当时中国刚刚加入世贸组织......”。第一句中所使用的时态为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。从第二句“当时中国刚刚加入”这一动词我们可以判断出“加入世贸组织”是先于“周小川15年前执掌中国央行”的时间，因此本句中的时态应为“过去的过去”，因此采用了过去完成时这一语法结构。三、“所有格所修饰的名词”在什么情况下可以省略？its economy was still smaller than Britain’s（economy):所有格修饰的名词有时可以省略，这主要见于以下情形:(1) 、承前省略：即根据前文语境省略后文中所含的不言而喻的名词。Lily’s book is more interesting than Lucy’s (book). 莉莉的书比露西的书更有趣。(2) 、习惯性省略：当所有格所修饰的名词表示教堂、商店、诊所、某人家、某人办公室等时，所有格后的名词有时可以省略。如：I've got an appointment at the dentist's（dental clinic）at 11:15.我已预约11时15分到牙医诊所看病。第三句：Foreign investors paid little heed to the new governor of the People’s Bank of China. 外国投资者没把中国人民银行的这位新行长当回事。一、“没当回事”怎么说？pay little heed to: 比如金融时报这样说：For its first eight years in India, M& S, the mainstay of the British high street, paid little heed to this.在印度的头8年，作为英国大众消费市场支柱的玛莎百货几乎没有留意这一点。二、“行长”怎么说？Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, recently called for a "public and informed debate" on the issue.英国央行行长默文-金（MervynKing）近日呼吁就此问题展开“开诚布公的讨论”.取自经济学人的文章：No ordinary Zhou非凡人物周小川第四句：He seemed safe to ignore: another black-haired, bespectacled official whose talk was littered with socialist bromides.看起来，忽视他也没什么风险：这不过是又一位黑头发、戴眼镜的官员，一张嘴便是社会主义惯用的陈词滥调。一、“s+v+adj.+to do”结构中，如何用 “不定式的主动形式表示被动含义”？seemed safe to ignore：忽视他也没什么风险其中需要满足两种条件：（1）表语是性质形容词；（2）主语是to do 的逻辑宾语。拓展：The book is interesting to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。二、“：”的解释说明作用在本句中，“：”前后是两个独立的句子，“：”前的句子表达了作者的情感态度，即周小川很容易受到忽略。而在“；”的后面进一步对于周小川的形象做出了描写，具体解释说明其容易受到忽视的理由。三、“，”在并列句中表示强调在英语句子中，通常用and连接两个并列成分，在此句中“black-haired”,和“bespectacled”之间用 “,”代替了“and”，起到了一种强调的作用。四、“官员”怎么说？"Our general objective is going to be what is good for the system, " the seniorofficial said. "We want the system to have enough capital. "“我们的大目标将是什么对整个系统有利，”这位高层官员表示。“我们希望整个系统有充足的资本金。”五、“充斥”、“比比皆是”怎么说”？be littered with:比如金融时报这样说：Furthermore, luxury remains an unpredictable industry at the best of times, littered with monster egos and family feuds.此外，即使在形势最好的时候，奢侈品也是个难以预测的行业，充斥着极度膨胀的自我意识和家族纷争。History is littered with conflicts that, in retrospect, look inexplicable but at the time seemed unavoidable.各种看上去无法解释，但当时似乎不可避免的冲突，在历史上比比皆是。六、“陈词滥调”怎么说？比如金融时报这样说：What replaces it, apart from feel-good bromides and political stitch-ups?那么，在泡沫破裂后，除了聊以自慰的陈词滥调以及政治撮合，取而代之的是什么呢？七、“whose”引导的定语从句whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词， 它是关系代词who的所有格，在从句中作定语，也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表达“……的”意思时，用关系代词whose 引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。比如金融时报这样说：In the court next to me was a man whose business collapsed not long ago, after it had borrowed billions of pounds.隔壁球场有一位男士在打球，前不久他的企业由于数十亿英镑的贷款刚刚倒闭。It would only shift the surplus to the commodity exporters, whose propensity to consume out of additional export revenues may be very low.这将只是把盈余转移给大宗商品出口国，而这些国家将额外出口收入用于消费的倾向可能非常低。
双语经济学人是经济学人的一个子版，它提供一份由英文和汉语组成的双语期刊，旨在为汉语读者提供中文经济学资讯。它由经济学人集团编辑发行，每月发行一期，以把经济学人集团的全球财经新闻、评论与分析翻译成汉语提供给汉语读者。与经济学人的不同之处在于，双语经济学人的内容着重于中国经济与文化，以及世界经济与金融的发展对中国的影响。与经济学人集团的其他期刊不同，双语经济学人通过翻译文章和视频来深入报道中国经济及其他主题，以及世界经济与金融的发展，让汉语读者可以更加了解国际经济形势。
您好，双语经济学人和经济学人之间的区别在于，双语经济学人是指拥有双语能力的经济学人，他们能够以英语和汉语来表达自己的经济学观点。而经济学人则是指拥有经济学知识的人，他们能够以英语或汉语来表达自己的经济学观点。双语经济学人拥有双语能力，因此他们能够更好地理解两种语言的文化差异，从而更好地理解不同的经济学理论。他们还能够更好地理解不同文化背景下的经济学概念，从而更好地分析和解决经济学问题。而经济学人则只拥有经济学知识，他们可以分析和解决经济学问题，但他们不能够理解不同文化背景下的经济学概念，也不能够理解两种语言的文化差异。总之，双语经济学人拥有双语能力，他们能够更好地理解不同文化背景下的经济学概念，从而更好地分析和解决经济学问题，而经济学人则只拥有经济学知识，他们可以分析和解决经济学问题，但他们不能够理解不同文化背景下的经济学概念，也不能够理解两种语言的文化差异。
原文出处： The Economist, Business, New York, Apr. 20th 2017. Recreational Vehicles:On the road 房车：在路上 An all-American product finds new takers. 美国产品找到新买家。 Early spring is the main selling season for recreational vehicles (RVs) and the phone on Tom Troiano's desk has been ringing incessantly. The owner of Continental RV, a dealership in Farmingdale, a village on Long Island, Mr Troiano is on track to sell more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. Buoyed by cheap financing, rising wages and inexpensive gas, travellers are once again splurging on big-ticket camper vans. 早春是房车销售的黄金季，Tom Troiano桌上的电话一直响个不停。Tom Troiano是长岛法明代尔村房车经销店大陆房车(Continental RV)的老板，该店销售状况很好，预计今年销售额将达到2000年初以来的最高水平。贷款利率低，工资上涨，油价低廉，驴友们再次疯狂了，不惜撒上大把钞票购买房车。 RVs are a quintessentially American invention: more than two-thirds are made in the United States. Nationally, sales surged to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan; deluxe versions cost up to $1m and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, have risen by 43% and 17%, respectively, in the past year. 房车是典型的美国发明：世界上三分之二以上的房车都产在美国。去年全美销量飙升至43万辆，达到40年来最高水平。低端产品如旅行拖车，售价只在5000美元；豪华车型价格高达100万，一般有一个卧室、一个厨房、一个卫生间，比欧洲许多公寓房还大。去年，美国最大房车生产商霍尔工业和第三大生产商温内巴戈股价分别上涨43%和17%。 That is a big the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr Troiano, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few left serving the New York metropolitan area. The current rebound is mostly owing to the economy's recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle. 真是形势剧变。Troiano指出，08-09年经济衰退，各处房车经销商纷纷倒闭，像他这样仍坚持在纽约大都市区经营的经销商没有几家。眼下销售回暖主要是经济复苏的结果，同时，有新的客户群开始崇尚这种生活方式，也是销售反弹的一个原因。 A decade ago the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), an industry body. That didn't bode well for the future. But stereotypes are being dented. Anecdotal reports suggest that ethnic minorities now make up around asixth of all new customers, says Mr Broom. The fastest-growing customer demographic is 35- to 44-year-olds. Another boost comes from affluent immigrants, who are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr Troiano's most recent big sale was to a rich Asian family. 房车行业协会（RVIA）的Kevin Broom表示：十年前，房车车主平均年龄在49岁，白人占90%以上。这样的结构对于未来而言不是好事，不过人们眼中过去的情况正在逐渐发生改观。Broom先生说，一些非正式报告显示：少数族裔已经占到新客户总数的六分之一左右。增长最快的客户群体是35-44岁之间的人士。另一个迅速增长的群体是经济状况良好的移民，这些人非常渴望亲身体验美国的长途自由行。Troiano先生最近的一大单就来自于一个富裕的亚裔家庭。 The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales—last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically were shipped to foreign markets (excluding Canada)—may improve, 's government, for example, has pledged to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American. 去年，国产房车出口海外市场（不包括加拿大）的比例还不到1%，面对海外销售的惨淡经营，业内希望今年出口销量也能有所增加。例如，中国政府承诺到2020年将建成2000个露营地，而目前这一数字估计只有300左右。此举旨在促进国内旅游业的发展，尤其是偏远农村地区的发展。宇通客车等中国企业也生产房车，但质量达不到许多中国人的要求。去年中国进口房车1000辆，一半以上为美国制造。 RV manufacturers are also marketing the notion that their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure can allow travelling salesmen, businessmen and university-admissions officers to save onfood and hotel costs, for example, when they hit the road trying to recruit prospective new clients and students. The office, as well as home, can be wherever you park it. 房车制造商同时也在推销一种理念，即房车既可用于商业用途，也可用作休闲车辆。比如说，销售人员和商务人士出差寻找潜在客户，大学招生负责人外出招生，这时使用房车就能省下食宿费用。只消停下车来，处处办公处处家。
《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。该杂志英文电子版可通过移动App、网站或者有声版阅读每周完整内容。
杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻，但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导，以及一些书评。杂志中所有文章都不署名，而且往往带有鲜明的立场，但又处处用事实说话。主编们认为：写出了什么东西，比出自谁的手笔更重要。从2012年1月28日的那一期杂志开始《经济学人》杂志开辟了中国专栏，为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。2018年12月，世界品牌实验室发布《2018世界品牌500强》榜单，经济学人排名第381。
Three kingdoms, two empires 三国鼎立，两帝称雄 ★题目翻译： three kingdoms应该是借鉴了中国的《三国演义》，而中文翻译也同样借鉴了“三国鼎立”这个成语，相当于增补了一个动词； 后半部分的two empires则为了和前面对应，同样增补了动词“称雄”♂ 这个增补词语的选择与正文所讲述的内容有关，主要讲了中国三大互联网公司的发展现状，其中阿里巴巴和腾讯发展势头迅猛而百度则被甩开，所以这里取“称雄”作为动词。THERE was a time, not that long ago, when China’s big internet companies were dismissed by investors in Silicon Valley as marginal firms with a tendency to copy Western products. Not any more . Today they are monsters with increasingly hefty international ambitions . 就在不久前，硅谷的投资者还根本不把中国的大型互联网公司放在眼里，认为它们不过是些边缘企业，往往都是照搬西方的产品。时过境迁，今天这些中国互联网公司已经长成了猛兽，在国际市场上的野心不断膨胀。 ★单词 dismiss : V-T If you dismiss something, you decide or say that it is not important enough for you to think about or consider. 不予理会，比如： Mr. Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation. 韦克厄姆先生把这些报道当作臆测而不予理会。 其他常用含义： 解雇 V-T When an employer dismisses an employee, the employer tells the employee that they are no longer needed to do the job that they have been doing. marginal : ADJ If you describe people as marginal, you mean that they are not involved in the main events or developments in society because they are poor or have no power. 无足轻重的，比如： The tribunals were established for the well-integrated members of society and not for marginal individuals. 这个特别法庭是为社会中的主流人群设立的，而不是为了无足轻重的小人物。 其他常用含义： 边际的 ADJ Marginal activities, costs, or taxes are not the main part of a business or an economic system, but often make the difference between its success or failure, and are therefore important to control. 边际的 hefty : ADJ Hefty means large in size, weight, or amount. 庞大的; 沉重的，比如： She was quite a hefty woman. 她是个相当高大的女人。 其他常用含义: 有力的 ADJ A hefty movement is done with a lot of force. ★翻译tips as-这里把介词翻译成了“认为”，动词化。 with a tendency：译为频度副词“往往”，而不是直译成“有…的趋势”。 Not any more. 英文文章中常见的一句话，“时过境迁”是个值得积累的中文表达，意思是随着时间推移，情况发生了变化。 international ambitions：增译，只译为“国际野心”没有任何含义，在根据语境增译了“市场”，意思就通顺了。Alibaba, China’s biggest e-commerce group, handles more transactions each year than do eBay and Amazon combined. Jack Ma, its chairman, pledges to serve 2bn consumers around the world within 20 years. Tencent, which specialises in online games and social media, is now the world’s tenth most valuable public firm , worth some $275bn. Pony Ma (no relation), its chairman, wants China to “preside over the global tech revolution of the future”. But as the two firms become global forces, the third member of China’s “ BAT” trio of internet giants, Baidu, an online-search firm that came to dominate the mainland market after Google left the country to avoid censorship, is lagging behind. 中国最大的电商集团阿里巴巴每年处理的交易量超过eBay和亚马逊的总和，董事局主席马云承诺要在20年内为全球20亿消费者提供服务。专注网络游戏和社交媒体的腾讯公司现在是世界第十大最有价值的上市公司，市值约2750亿美元。董事长马化腾（和马云不是亲戚）希望中国能“领导未来的全球科技革命”。中国互联网三巨头“BAT”中的第三位是百度。谷歌为避免审查制度退出中国后，百度便称霸中国大陆的在线搜索市场。另外两大巨头已成为国际大公司，百度却落在人后。 ★单词 马云、马化腾有“二马”之称，在外刊中一般都只使用他们的英文名字，前者Jack Ma，后者Pony Ma public firm ：上市公司。go public 上市 preside over : to be in a position of authority at a time when important things are happening 负责（重要局面），比如： The government seemed to be presiding over large-scale unemployment. 政府似乎正面临着大规模的失业状况。 其他含义： 1）to be the head of a company or organization 掌管，管辖，领导 2）to be in charge of a meeting or activity 主持 BAT trio ： 1）trio：a set or group of three people or things三人组，三件套。主要是强调“三”这个概念，和原文中的trio of internet giants合起来就是常说的“三巨头”。Trio还有一个意思是“三重唱，三重奏”，与之相关的独唱（奏）、二重唱（奏）、四重唱（奏）分别是solo，duet，quartet 2）BAT-中国国内三大互联网公司，B-Baidu百度、A-Alibaba阿里巴巴、T-Tencent腾讯。 美国也有类似的三巨头，称为“GAF”,即：G-Google谷歌、A-Amazon亚马逊/A-Apple苹果、F-Facebook脸书。 bn=billion 十亿；mn=million 百万；tn=trillion 万亿/兆 ★长难句解析 Alibaba(主语), China’s biggest e-commerce group（同位语）, handles（谓语） more transactions（宾语） each year（时间状语） /than do eBay and Amazon combined(状语). 不好理解的点在于than后面的部分，do代替了前面的handle，combined作后置定语修饰eBay and Amazon表示二者加起来的。涉及比较的句子中，如果谓语动词是实义动词，那么than后面的比较对象的动词一般用do/did/does替代，并提到名词前面。 But as the two firms become global forces（状从）, the third member of China’s “BAT” trio of internet giants（主语）, Baidu（同位语）, an online-search firm（同位语）/ that came to dominate the mainland market after Google left the country to avoid censorship（定语从句，after是定从嵌套的状从）/, is lagging behind（主句谓语）. 这一句主语部分较长，官方的译文并没有严格按照英文的顺序进行翻译，而是根据中文的表达逻辑进行了调整。 1）先翻译the third member of China’s “BAT” trio of internet giants, Baidu将短语译成了句子。先翻这一句是因为前面分别介绍了阿里巴巴和腾讯，从这一句开始都是讲百度，所以先把句子的主要对象引出来，再去翻译它的情况。 2）an online-search firm that came to dominate the mainland market after Google left the country to avoid censorship 把定语从句和先行词也单独译成了一句。这一句主要按照时间顺序翻译，先说谷歌退出中国，再说百度占领市场，并且先行词和定从中的market进行了结合，避免重复介绍百度，同时说清楚了它所占领的是什么市场。 3）介绍了百度之前的情况之后，在翻译现在和另外两家公司的对比，But as the two firms become global forces以及is lagging behind两部分。 这一个长句的翻译很好的体现了中英文表达上逻辑的不同，这一句主要是按照以时间为线索，先介绍主体，再介绍主体过去和现在的情况。All three firms differ from their Western peers in important ways. First, Western companies usually prefer to focus on a few core areas, whereas Chinese internet firms typically try to do everything from cloud computing to digital payments. When this works, as with Tencent’s wildly successful app, WeChat, the results can be impressive. 这三家公司与西方同行在几个重要方面有所不同。首先，西方公司通常会聚焦几个核心领域，而中国互联网公司一般涉猎广泛，从云计算到数字支付无不尝试。这样的尝试一旦成功，结果便会非常可观，腾讯大获成功的应用微信即是如此。 ★单词 as with ：正如，如同…一样 ★翻译tips When this works, as with Tencent’s wildly successful app, WeChat, the results can be impressive. this-Chinese internet firms typically try to do everything from cloud computing to digital payments as…WeChat 插入语放到了后面翻译，先翻译从句和主句 Second, with the exception of political censorship , the internet sector in China is lightly regulated. Facebook, Apple and Google, in contrast, face increasing scrutiny. Chinese internet firms can achieve market domination of a sort that would attract close attention in other markets. 第二，抛开要接受政治审查这一点，中国互联网行业的监管较为宽松；而Facebook、苹果和谷歌则面临日益严格的审视。以中国互联网企业能达到的市场支配地位，换在其他市场，会受到监管机构的密切关注。 ★单词 censorship : N-UNCOUNT Censorship is the censoring of books, plays, movies, or reports, especially by government officials, because they are considered immoral or secret in some way. (官方对书刊、剧本、电影或新闻报道的) 审查，比如： The government today announced that press censorship was being lifted. 该政府今日宣告说正在撤销新闻审查。 中国的电影审查制度就用 film censorship；电影分级制度可以说film/motion picture rating system；（电影电视中）广告植入 product placement of a sort ：一种，一类，sort可看做等于market domination 其他含义：of sorts/of a sort 勉强称得上的，勉强算的，比如： I have a conversation of sorts with a very drunk man at the bus third difference is that they can succeed on a rapid and massive scale because the state-dominated economy is so inefficient. Often there is not even a physical infrastructure to leapfrog —so-called third-tier cities, for example, often lack big retail centres. Nationwide there is one shopping mall per people. 第三个区别是，由于国家主导的经济效率低下，中国互联网企业可以快速取得大规模成功。企业发展过程中通常甚至都没有挡路的实体机构，比如在所谓的三线城市，往往都缺少大型零售中心。中国每120万人才有一个大型购物中心。 ★单词 physical ：实体的。实体店-physical store leapfrog : V-T/V-I If one group of people leapfrogs into a particular position or leapfrogs someone else, they use the achievements of another person or group in order to make advances of their own. (利用别人成就) 超越，比如： It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions. 显然，美国的全部4套系统已经超越了欧洲的版本。 third-tier ：三线城市；second-tier：二线城市。或者也可以说tier two/tier three city ★翻译tips: a physical infrastructure to leapfrog： 1)infrastructure 通常译为“基础设施”，既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词，原文前面加了a，所以译文将其具体化成“实体机构”，主要是指国有的机构。 2）按照顺序应该是“对企业来说甚至没有可以让其超越的实体机构”，译文直接转换了角度，将“企业去超越实体机构”转换成“挡路的实体机构”，更符合中文表达习惯。A huge home market has not stopped the trio from fighting bloody turf wars among each other. The outcome to this battle is rapidly becoming clear. Tencent and Alibaba are surging ahead; a series of own goals has left Baidu far behind. The common jibe about Baidu among local experts is that it is becoming the Yahoo of China, a once-dominant search giant that sank owing to a lack of innovation and a series of management blunders . 国内市场如此巨大，却仍未能阻止这三巨头相互厮杀抢夺地盘。这场战斗的结果正迅速明朗。腾讯和阿里巴巴遥遥领先，百度则因自己一连串的乌龙球而远远落后。国内专家最常用来挖苦百度的一个说法就是它正在变成中国的雅虎。雅虎一度是占据市场主导地位的搜索巨头，却因缺乏创新和一系列管理失误而沉沦。 ★单词 turf wars : a fight or argument over the areas or things you think belong to you 地盘之争 turf：N-UNCOUNT 1）Someone's turf is the area which is most familiar to them or where they feel most confident. 地盘; 活动范围，比如： Their turf was : its streets, theaters, homes, and parks. 他们的地盘是圣路易斯：它的街道、剧院、住宅和公园。 2）草皮 own goal ： 1）a goal that you accidentally score against your own team without intending to in a game of football, hockey etc. 乌龙球（足球、曲棍球等比赛中） 2）an action or remark that has the opposite effect from what you intended （不利于自己的）错事，蠢话，自打嘴巴 ，比如： The minister’s admission turned out to be a spectacular own goal. 这位部长的招认结果成了引人注目的自打嘴巴。 leave behind ：把…落在后面（常用被动），比如： In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon be left behind. 在课堂上，视力不好的孩子很快就会落在别人的后面。 近义词：lag behind 落后于（与be left behind同义），比如： Britain is lagging behind the rest of Europe. 英国落后于欧洲其他国家。 blunder ： 1）N-COUNT A blunder is a stupid or careless mistake. 愚蠢错误，比如： I think he made a tactical blunder by announcing it so far ahead of time. 我认为他如此提早宣布消息是犯了战术上的错误。——可以替换mistake 2）V-I If you blunder, you make a stupid or careless mistake. 犯愚蠢错误，比如： No doubt I had blundered again. 不用说我又犯了个蠢错。 3）V-I If you blunder into a dangerous or difficult situation, you get involved in it by mistake. 误入 (危险境地或困境)，比如： People wanted to know how they had blundered into war, and how to avoid it in the future. 人们想弄清他们怎么会错误地卷入战争，将来如何才能避免这样的事。 4）V-I If you blunder somewhere, you move there in a clumsy and careless way. 跌跌撞撞地走，比如： He had blundered into the table, upsetting the flowers. 他撞上了桌子，打翻了花。 ★翻译tips The common jibe about Baidu among local experts is that it is becoming the Yahoo of China, a once-dominant search giant that sank owing to a lack of innovation and a series of management blunders. 1）The common jibe about Baidu among local experts：国内专家最常用来挖苦百度的一个说法——jibe-词性转换，译为动词；增译“一个说法” 2）a once-dominant search giant that sank owing to a lack of innovation and a series of management blunders. 同位语，介绍Yahoo的情况，译文中以“雅虎”为主语重启一句。Its revenue growth fell to in 2016, down from 35% in 2015 and 54% in 2014. The firm gets some nine-tenths of its revenues from online ads, but this income is plunging as marketers redirect spending from search ads on Baidu to social-media networks like WeChat and mobile-commerce platforms run by Alibaba. Meanwhile, Baidu is burning cash trying to keep its various big bets on artificial intelligence (AI), online video, virtual and augmented-reality technologies, and “online to offline” (O2O) services going. One of China’s most respected business consultants is pessimistic about its future: “There is very little chance they’ll be relevant in five years.” 百度的收入增长率在2016年下降至，远低于2015年的35%和2014年的54%。公司收入约九成都来自在线广告，但由于商家把花在百度搜索广告的钱转投至微信这样的社交媒体网络以及阿里巴巴运营的移动商务平台，百度的收入大幅下滑。同时，百度还在烧钱维系它的几个大赌注：人工智能（AI）、在线视频、虚拟和增强现实技术，以及“线上到线下”（O2O）服务。中国最受尊敬的商业顾问之一对百度的未来持悲观态度：“五年以后很可能就没百度什么事了。” ★单词 burn cash ：花钱，烧钱。跟中文的“烧钱”意思相通。 ★翻译tips There is very little chance they’ll be relevant in five years. 五年以后很可能就没百度什么事了 正说反译，原句中未出现not之类的否定词，而在翻译中则用到了“没”这个中文中的否定词。
LARGE food companies have long been among the world’s most solid, with reassuringly consistent returns even in hard times. None would seem steadier than Nestlé, based in the Swiss town of Vevey, on a lake near snowy peaks. For its 150th anniversary in 2016 it opened a new museum filled with corporate heirlooms （传家宝，祖传遗物）: the first written notes about a new product called milk chocolate, laid out in black cursive （草书，手写体）; an old tin of Nescafé, used by soldiers as a stimulant in the second world war; and an early can of Henri Nestlé’s infant formula, which in 1867 saved the life of a premature baby.大型食品公司长期以来都属于世界上最坚实的企业之列，即使在艰难时期也有令人安心的稳定回报。似乎没有哪家企业比总部位于瑞士雪山湖畔韦威镇(Vevey)的雀巢公司更稳固了。2016年雀巢成立150周年之际，其新揭幕的博物馆展示了众多“传家宝”：有关新产品“牛奶巧克力”的首份书面记录，用黑色草体书写；一罐陈年的雀巢咖啡，在二战时士兵们曾用它来提神；还有一罐早期的亨利雀巢婴儿配方奶粉一一它在1867年挽救了一名早产儿的生命。 It has come a long way （取得很大进展） since then. It sold goods worth nearly $90bn in 189 countries in 2015. Of the 30,000 cups of coffee sipped （抿，小口喝，中文里说的“品茶”的“品”，也可以用这个动词） around the world each second, Nestlé estimates, one-fifth are cups of Nescafé. But the industry it presides over is in upheaval （剧变）. On January 1st a new chief executive, Ulf Mark Schneider (pictured), took over. He is the first outsider to get the top job since 1922, and his background—running a health-care firm, not selling chocolate bars or frozen pizza—suggests the main source of worry for the business. 自那以后，雀巢已有长足发展。2015年，该公司在189个国家的销售额近900亿美元。雀巢估计，全球每秒有三万杯咖啡被人们捧到嘴边，其中五分之一是雀巢咖啡。但是，其主导的行业正经历巨变。1月1日，雀巢新首席执行官乌尔夫·马克·施奈德（Ulf Mark Schneider，见图）上任。他是自1922年以来首位担任这一最高职位的外部人士，而他之前管理医疗保健企业（而不是卖巧克力棒或冷冻披萨）的工作背景是导致人们忧虑雀巢前景的主要原因。 More and more consumers are snubbing （冷落） packaged food’s sugar, salt and unpronounceable （难以正确发音的 ） preservatives （防腐剂）. Meanwhile, swarms of （大群） smaller firms, emboldened （使大胆） by the ease of peddling （沿街叫卖） goods online, are touting （招徕顾客） supposedly healthier options. From 2011 to 2015 big sellers of consumer-packaged goods, mainly food and drink companies, lost three percentage points of market share in America—a lot in the industry’s context—according to a study by the Boston Consulting Group, a consultancy, and IRI, a data provider. 包装食品中的糖、盐以及各种名称拗口的防腐剂正受到越来越多消费者的冷落。同时，大批小公司借助网络销售之便，推广据称更为健康的食品。据波士顿咨询公司及数据提供商IRI的一份研究，从2011年到2015年，包装消费品的销售大户（主要为食品及饮料公司）在美国的市场份额损失了三个百分点，这对该行业来说相当可观。 As super-sized companies swat （重拍，猛击，比如She swatted him over the head with a rolled-up magazine. 她用一本卷起来的杂志猛敲他的头。） at such tiny attackers, another foe is gaining ground. 3G, a Brazilian private-equity firm, likes to buy big, slow-growing food and drinks companies and slash their costs. Targets have included Kraft and Heinz, two giants which 3G helped merge into one group in 2015, as well as several of the world’s biggest brewers. Other food companies are scrambling （仓促行动） to make cuts of their own, lest they become 3G’s next meal. That has prompted a debate over whether such cuts wreck firms’ growth prospects even further, or whether, in fact, they are best off （最好做某事） wringing out （绞出，扭干） profits and accepting that robust expansion is a thing of the past. 巨头企业在大力回击这些小型袭击者之时，另一个敌人也开始抢占地盘。巴西私募股权公司3G喜欢购入增长缓慢的大型食品及饮料企业，并削减它们的经营成本。其目标包括卡夫及亨氏量大巨头（2015年，3G促成这两家企业合并为一个集团），还有几家全球最大的啤酒公司。其他食品公司正在争相自行削减成本，以免成为3G的下一个猎物。这引发了一个争论：这样的成本削减会不会进一步破坏公司的增长前景，还是说，强劲扩张已经过时，企业最好能接受这一点并挤出利润。 Nestlé is not immune to such pressures. In recent years it has often missed its goal of 5-6% sales growth. Excluding acquisitions, its numbers have not met investors’ expectations for 11 of the past 17 quarters. In the most recent quarter, the firm registered organic sales growth of . 面对这些压力，雀巢也未能幸免。近年来，该公司经常达不到销售增长5%至6%的目标。不包括收购，在过去17个季度中，该公司有11个季度的增速没有达资者预期。最近一个季度，雀巢的有机销售增长率为。 Changing consumer tastes explain some of these shortfalls. So does a shifting retail landscape. Managing a giant portfolio of brands, from KitKat and Nespresso to DiGiorno pizza and Purina dog food, has become harder. Mr Schneider will have to master online ways to market and deliver its well-known brands. The firm needs to coax （哄诱） customers to pay more for premium products as ordinary ones get commoditised, and discounted by firms such as Germany’s Lidl and Aldi. 之所以增长乏力，消费者口味改变是部分因素，零售业大环境的转变也是原因之一。要管理包含KitKat巧克力、Nespresso咖啡、DiGiorno比萨、普瑞纳狗粮在内的庞大品牌组合已变得愈加艰难。施奈德必须掌握线上手段来营销和传达公司的知名品牌。在普通产品被德国连锁超市Lidl及Aldi等公司变成日常商品又折价销售的情况下，雀巢公司需要劝诱客户为高端产品支付更高的价格。 The firm can still boast impressive staying power—its global market share across its entire range of products has remained near 20% for the past decade. François-Xavier Roger, Nestlé’s chief financial officer, points out that the group’s sales growth in the first nine months of 2016 was among the fastest of the top ten biggest food and drink companies. Yet a detailed examination of its position by Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, shows that when growth from acquisitions is excluded, it lost share in all but three of its top 20 product categories between 2007 and 2015. Some of its core offerings, such as bottled water and single-serve （单杯式） coffee, fared （vi. 经营） the worst. 雀巢仍能以其持久的实力为傲一一过去十年间，其全线产品的全球市场份额一直保持在接近20%。首席财务官弗朗索瓦-泽维尔·罗杰(Francois-Xavier Roger)指出，雀巢集团在2016年前九个月的销售增长是全球十大食品饮料企业中最快的。但市场研究公司盛博(Sanford C．Bernstein)对该公司的详细研究表明，除去收购带来的增长，2007年至2015年间，集团最大的20个产品品类中仅有3类的市场份额未下跌。瓶装水和单标咖啡等一些核心产品表现最差。雀巢咖啡包产品的劲敌Keurig在美国抢占了份额。 Such results are likely to attract particular censure （责难） from investors because of Nestlé’s past heavy emphasis on growth and market share which sometimes came at the expense of （以……为代价）lower profits. In 2015 its operating-profit margin was 15%, better than the 13% at Danone, a French competitor, but far below the 21% at Kraft-Heinz. Shareholders in the firm are waiting to see whether Mr Schneider will shake things up （使振作，shake up其他含义见注释）. Some want him to sell off businesses that seem most at risk of long-term decline, such as frozen food, as shoppers look for fresher fare （食物，这篇文章之前也出现了一个fare，那个是做不及物动词，表示经营）. 这种业绩很可能会惹来投资者的指责，毕竟雀巢过去强调增长和市场占有率，有时还不惜为此牺牲利润。2015年，它的营业利润率为15%，优于其法国对手达能公司的13%，但远低于卡夫亨氏的21%。雀巢的股东们正在观望施奈德能否改变现状。有人希望他卖掉业绩最有可能长期下滑的业务，例如冷冻食品，因为消费者如今偏好更新鲜的食品。 shake up 1.摇动；混合；摇匀： Shake up before drinking. 服用前摇匀[药瓶说明用语] 2.使感到震动；使震惊(或慌乱)： What you said has shaken me up! 你刚才说的话令我十分震惊! 3.改组，使重新组合： I have to shake the Sales Department up. 我得对销售部进行改组。 4.抖摇(靠垫、枕头等)使之恢复原形： She shook up the pillows, and then lay down in bed. 她把枕头抖摇膨松后，躺在了床上。 5.[口语]把…摇醒；使振作： What could shake him up? 什么才能使他振作起来呢? 6.[常作 shake it up][口语]赶快,快点： Shake it up, we'll be late. 快点儿，咱们快晚了。 7.[废语]责备；申斥： The student was shaken up by his mother. 那个学生被他母亲申斥了一顿。 Food for life? 生命之食？ For now, Nestlé is defiant. “We started 150 years ago having a product that actually—there’s symbolism there—saved the life of a child,” says Paul Bulcke, the outgoing （即将离职的） chief executive and likely new chairman. He and his colleagues say that investment in health and related innovation will produce strong growth for years to come. Mr Schneider, who used to run Fresenius, a German firm that offers kidney-dialysis products and services, will certainly emphasise that message. Nestlé differentiates itself from 3G, with its keen focus on cuts. Mr Roger says he respects what 3G does, but that “they have a strategy which is very different from ours.” 目前来看，雀巢并不服气。“我们始创于150年前，当时的一款产品实际上救了一个孩子的命，这是有象征意义的。”即将离任的首席执行官保罗·薄凯(Paul Bulcke)说道。他和同事们表示，投资于健康及相关创新会为公司未来带来强劲增长。施奈德曾掌管提供肾透析产品及其他医疗服务的大型德国企业费森尤斯(Fresenius)，他肯定会强调这一点。雀巢将自己与专注削减成本的3G区别开来。罗杰表示，他尊重3G的做法，但“他们的战略和我们的相去甚远”。 Still, few observers would call Nestlé a health company. Many of its products are perfectly healthy, including bottled water and coffee. Many are not—milk chocolate and ice cream, to name but two. And for now, the purest forms of Nestlé’s focus on health contribute relatively little to its sales. A business unit called Nestlé Health Science, for example, sells nutritional products for medical needs, such as vitamin-packed drinks for the elderly and for cancer patients. It contributes less than 5% of revenue. 然而，少有观察者会认为雀巢是一家保健公司。它有很多非常健康的产品，包括瓶装水和咖啡。但也有许多产品并不健康，在此只举两例：比如牛奶巧克力和冰激淋。而现在，雀巢最纯粹专注健康的业务对销售额的贡献相对很少。例如，名为“雀巢健康科学”的业务部门销售面向医疗需求的营养产品，比如供老年人和癌症患者饮用的富含维生素饮料，而该部门贡献的收入还不到5%。 The firm has a research institute devoted to studying food’s role in the management and prevention of disease—for example, better understanding nutrition’s ability to promote brain health. It may deliver growth but probably only in the long term. Nestlé has also invested in young drugs firms, including one that is testing a treatment for ulcerative colitis （溃疡性结肠炎）. 雀巢设有一家研究所．专门研究食物在管理和预防疾病中的作用，例如要更好地了解营养物质如何能够促进大脑的健康。这也许会带来增长，但可能要许久才能见效。雀巢也与一些新兴制药公司合作，包括一家正在测试某种溃疡性结肠炎疗法的公司。 More immediately rewarding may be its efforts to make best-selling but unhealthy foods a bit more wholesome （有益健康的）. In November the company said it had created hollow （空心的） sugar crystals that taste sweet but contain fewer calories than the usual stuff. It will begin to put the new ingredient in its chocolate in 2018. 雀巢还努力将旗下畅销但不健康的食品改良得相对健康一些，这也许更有可能带来立竿见影的回报。去年11月，该公司表示已创制出一种空心的糖晶体，味道甜但含卡路里较常规糖晶体低。公司将在2018年采用这一新原料制作巧克力。 It is also proud of changes to the millions of frozen dinners it sells every week in America. Shoppers had been avoiding the frozen-food aisle （走廊，通道）. Nestlé first tried discounts, and then in 2015 introduced new versions of its Lean Cuisine products, stripping out （去掉） unpalatable （难吃的） ingredients and replacing them with organic ones. At Stouffer’s, another frozen brand, Nestlé decided to target men with easy, protein-packed meals that are more nutritionally valuable. It worked—its frozen-food sales in America grew faster. In November 2015, they were 6% above what they had been a year earlier. But Bernstein’s Andrew Wood points out that the revival of frozen food now looks wobbly （不稳定的） again. 雀巢另一项引以为豪的改变是冷冻快餐（在美国每周卖出数百万份）。之前，冷冻食品受到消费者冷落。雀巢先是尝试折价促销，然后又在2015年推出新版的“瘦身特餐”(Lean Cuisine)系列，以有机食材替换掉之前难吃的成分。对于旗下另一个冷冻食品品牌Stouffer，雀巢决定针对男性消费者推出富含蛋白质、更具营养价值的速食简餐。这些努力取得了成效一一其冷冻食品的销售在美国增长加快。2015年11月的销售额同比增长6%。但盛博的安德鲁·伍德(Andrew Wood)指出，冷冻食品的复兴如今似乎又变得摇摆不定。 Nor is Nestlé ignoring 3G’s strategy entirely: it is trying to trim expenses. “We are very much in an investment position, not in a cost-cutting exercise,” says Mr Roger, “but that doesn’t mean that we don’t want to be cost-efficient in what we do.” One effort, which includes trimming waste at factories, is credited with （credit相关词组见注释） saving about ($) a year. Last year Nestlé announced organisational changes, such as consolidating procurement, which will save about SFr2bn each year from 2020. 雀巢也没有完全忽视3G的战略：公司正努力缩减支出。“我们的战略是投资，而非削减成本。”罗杰说，“但那不惠昧着我们不想在经营中实现成本效益。”一项包括工厂减少浪费在内的改革一年为公司节省了约15亿瑞士法郎(15亿美元)。去年，雀巢公布了一系列组织变革，如采购整合，将从2020年起每年为公司节省约20亿瑞士法郎。 1、Get the credit for sth. 因某事受到褒扬，比如： We don't mind who gets the credit so long as we don't get the blame. 只要我们不挨批评，谁受到表扬我们都不在乎。 2、A credit B with sth. A把某事归功于B，也可以说：sth. is credited to B 某事归功于B，比如： The staff are crediting him with having saved Hythe's life. 海斯能得救全体人员都归功于他。 3、Be credit to sth./sb. 给……增光，比如： He is one of the greatest players of recent times and is a credit to his profession. 他是近年来最棒的选手之一，是为他的职业增光的人。 4、Give sb. Credit for sth. 相信某人有……，比如： Bratbakk had more ability than the media gave him credit for. 布拉特巴克有比媒体所宣传的还要强的能力。 5、To one’s credit 值得赞扬，比如： She had managed to pull herself together and, to her credit, continued to look upon life as a positive experience. 她努力使自己振作起来，并且值得称赞的是，她一如既往地积极面对人生。 Whatever else Mr Schneider has on the menu for Nestlé, radical changes may be somewhat limited by the fact that so many of those who built it into what it is now are sticking around （逗留，在附近徘徊。此处意译为“留在公司内”）. Mr Bulcke is expected to become the firm’s chairman. The outgoing chairman, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, a former Nestlé chief executive, may become honorary chairman. Mr Bulcke, for one, seems sure that the company should maintain its emphasis on the long term. He taps his hand on the table, rattling （使发出嘎嘎声） some Nespresso cups, as he insists that growth is still the key. 无论施耐德还将为雀巢准备怎样的菜单，彻底变革也许多少都会受到限制，因为令雀巢发展到如今这模样的人大多还留在公司内。薄凯预计会成为集团的董事长。即将离任的董事长、雀巢前首席执行官包必达 (Peter Brabeck-Letmathe) 则可能成为名誉董事长。薄凯似乎确信雀巢应保持着力于长远发展。他手敲着桌子，震得一些Nespresso杯子当当作响，坚称增长仍是关键。
原文出处： The Economist, Business, New York, Apr. 20th 2017. Recreational Vehicles:On the road 房车：在路上 An all-American product finds new takers. 美国产品找到新买家。 Early spring is the main selling season for recreational vehicles (RVs) and the phone on Tom Troiano's desk has been ringing incessantly. The owner of Continental RV, a dealership in Farmingdale, a village on Long Island, Mr Troiano is on track to sell more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. Buoyed by cheap financing, rising wages and inexpensive gas, travellers are once again splurging on big-ticket camper vans. 早春是房车销售的黄金季，Tom Troiano桌上的电话一直响个不停。Tom Troiano是长岛法明代尔村房车经销店大陆房车(Continental RV)的老板，该店销售状况很好，预计今年销售额将达到2000年初以来的最高水平。贷款利率低，工资上涨，油价低廉，驴友们再次疯狂了，不惜撒上大把钞票购买房车。 RVs are a quintessentially American invention: more than two-thirds are made in the United States. Nationally, sales surged to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan; deluxe versions cost up to $1m and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, have risen by 43% and 17%, respectively, in the past year. 房车是典型的美国发明：世界上三分之二以上的房车都产在美国。去年全美销量飙升至43万辆，达到40年来最高水平。低端产品如旅行拖车，售价只在5000美元；豪华车型价格高达100万，一般有一个卧室、一个厨房、一个卫生间，比欧洲许多公寓房还大。去年，美国最大房车生产商霍尔工业和第三大生产商温内巴戈股价分别上涨43%和17%。 That is a big the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr Troiano, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few left serving the New York metropolitan area. The current rebound is mostly owing to the economy's recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle. 真是形势剧变。Troiano指出，08-09年经济衰退，各处房车经销商纷纷倒闭，像他这样仍坚持在纽约大都市区经营的经销商没有几家。眼下销售回暖主要是经济复苏的结果，同时，有新的客户群开始崇尚这种生活方式，也是销售反弹的一个原因。 A decade ago the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), an industry body. That didn't bode well for the future. But stereotypes are being dented. Anecdotal reports suggest that ethnic minorities now make up around asixth of all new customers, says Mr Broom. The fastest-growing customer demographic is 35- to 44-year-olds. Another boost comes from affluent immigrants, who are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr Troiano's most recent big sale was to a rich Asian family. 房车行业协会（RVIA）的Kevin Broom表示：十年前，房车车主平均年龄在49岁，白人占90%以上。这样的结构对于未来而言不是好事，不过人们眼中过去的情况正在逐渐发生改观。Broom先生说，一些非正式报告显示：少数族裔已经占到新客户总数的六分之一左右。增长最快的客户群体是35-44岁之间的人士。另一个迅速增长的群体是经济状况良好的移民，这些人非常渴望亲身体验美国的长途自由行。Troiano先生最近的一大单就来自于一个富裕的亚裔家庭。 The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales—last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically were shipped to foreign markets (excluding Canada)—may improve, 's government, for example, has pledged to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American. 去年，国产房车出口海外市场（不包括加拿大）的比例还不到1%，面对海外销售的惨淡经营，业内希望今年出口销量也能有所增加。例如，中国政府承诺到2020年将建成2000个露营地，而目前这一数字估计只有300左右。此举旨在促进国内旅游业的发展，尤其是偏远农村地区的发展。宇通客车等中国企业也生产房车，但质量达不到许多中国人的要求。去年中国进口房车1000辆，一半以上为美国制造。 RV manufacturers are also marketing the notion that their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure can allow travelling salesmen, businessmen and university-admissions officers to save onfood and hotel costs, for example, when they hit the road trying to recruit prospective new clients and students. The office, as well as home, can be wherever you park it. 房车制造商同时也在推销一种理念，即房车既可用于商业用途，也可用作休闲车辆。比如说，销售人员和商务人士出差寻找潜在客户，大学招生负责人外出招生，这时使用房车就能省下食宿费用。只消停下车来，处处办公处处家。
目前还没有哪个app可以看，可以在网址上搜索：
此外：
基础烂的无形的话，从新概念1开始．基础烂的有形的话，从新概念2开始（一定要全弄懂）随后 可以读三册～我就是从无基础上来的花半年了．现在读雅思了，听课感觉不错
无忧雅思网,你可以去看看,做一些剑桥雅思的题从3开始做就可以,听力也下载剑桥的就行,\雅思好多都是一种简便方式,所以我觉得参加补习班还是有必要的,但参加最后一阶段的就可以,不用参加词汇语法班,浪费时间
app暂时没有，可以自己去网上找电子版，比如一些公众号，有付费的也有免费的。推荐，【英语资料怪咖】gong.众号，里面有很多英语资料，也有外刊，都是免费的。
《社交媒体简史》（[英]汤姆·斯丹迪奇（Tom Standage））电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读
资源链接：
链接：
书名：社交媒体简史
作者：[英]汤姆·斯丹迪奇（Tom Standage）
译者：林华
豆瓣评分：
出版社：中信出版集团·见识城邦
出版年份：2019-3
页数：320
内容简介：【内容简介】
社交媒体其实并不是什么新鲜的东西。从西塞罗和其他古罗马政治家用来交换信息的莎草纸信，到宗教改革、美国独立、法国大革命期间印制的宣传小册子，过去人类跟同伴交流信息的方式依然影响着现代社会。在报纸、广播和电视主导了信息的散播几十年后，互联网的出现使社交媒体重新变成人们与朋友分享信息的有力工具，并推动公共讨论走向一个新的模式。
汤姆•斯丹迪奇在书中提醒我们，历史上的社交网络其实跟现代社会的社交媒体有很多相似之处。比如，天主教会在回应马丁·路德的攻击上的两难境地很像今天那些大企业回应网络上的批评时的状况；17世纪人们对于咖啡馆会分散人们工作、学习注意力的指责也很像今天对社交媒体负面作用的担心。借助对托马斯·潘恩和“互联网之父”文顿·瑟夫等人的讨论，作者还探索了一些人们一直争论的话题：从言论自由和审查之间的张力到社交媒体在启迪创新和激发社会变革上的作用。
见识城邦简史系列还包括：《人类简史》《世界简史》《生命简史》《药物简史》《时间哲学简史》《纳粹德国简史》《以眼还眼：犯罪与惩罚简史》《婚姻简史》《隐私简史》等。
【编辑推荐】
★ 社交媒体不是什么新发明！其特质、利弊、发展趋势，都能在它的演变史中找到答案。了解历史，才能掌握“新媒体”时代的未来！
★ 莎草纸信→小册子→咖啡馆→报纸→广播→电视→互联网；展示社交媒介的演化如何影响宗教改革、美国革命等历史事件，进而改变人类的互动方式和文明进程
★ 社交媒体促进自由和开放，还是让管控无处不在？社交媒体提高信息沟通效率，还是让人无法专注于有益工作？社交媒体让公共讨论更加活跃，还是让公共空间变得琐碎和粗鄙？让作者在数据与趣闻中帮你解答这些疑问。
★ 《金融时报》《经济学人》年度选书，各大媒体、书评人一致好评。
【评论】
发人深省，信息丰富，线索组织得清晰且引人入胜。
——《纽约时报书评》
斯丹迪奇在叙述社交媒体历史的过程中，准确地抓住了人类对交流的需求这一核心，非常精彩。
——《出版人周刊》
汤姆•斯丹迪奇又一次展示了他将历史与现实的争论联系起来，并激荡出新知的天赋。这本书读起来非常有趣，论证也很具说服力。
——史蒂文•约翰逊（Steven Johnso，美国科普作家、媒体理论家）
这本书让我们懂得，今天的互联网，其实是一个肇始于古罗马的社交媒体传统的延续。这就让我们能更清醒地感知人类现在是如何在转推历史并同时创造未来的。
——克雷格•纽马克（Craig Newmark，craigslist创始人）
作者简介：汤姆·斯丹迪奇(Tom Standage)，毕业于牛津大学，学习工程和电脑科技，目前是《经济学人》杂志的数字编辑，掌管杂志的网站及其移动端版本，此前还在《经济学人》担任过商业编辑、科技编辑和科学记者。他同时还是专栏作家、BBC时事评论员，也为《卫报》《每日电讯报》《纽约时报》等媒体撰稿。其历史著作还包括《人类食物的历史》《六个杯子中的世界史》，以及畅销书《维多利亚时代的互联网》。
《创新者的挑战》（【美】范思杰）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读
链接:
书名：创新者的挑战
作者：【美】范思杰
译者：王晓鹂
豆瓣评分：
出版社：中信出版社
出版年份：2013-6-20
页数：232
内容简介：
在过去的几十年，全球化已经启动了一次创新的革命，没有任何时代比现在更需要创新。传统的创新模式和思维已不再适应瞬息万变的全球信息化时代，荆棘遍布的世界经济、固步自封的政府执政、穷途末路的商业模式以及亟须知识武装的个人进步都需要变革全新的创新方式，创新者的挑战将会越来越大。那么，新兴国家的企业步发展模式如何实现突破？政府决策层如何既能进行结构调整又能保持经济持续增长？每一个个体如何积极创新并将想法真正得以实施？新兴国家的创新商业模式是否可在全球复制？它们的应用将带来哪些新的启示与思考？
《创新者的挑战》深入探究符合时代发展要求的创新思维，借鉴发达国家和新兴国家市场的颠覆性创新领域新观点和新理念，对颠覆性创新的种种共识提出了批判和解释，对全球经济、能源、科技发展与创新结合的发展趋势提出了新的见解和具体解决方案，揭示了重塑世界经济的创新规则。
作者简介：
范思杰（Vijay V. Vaitheeswaran），《经济学人》杂志上海区总编辑 、《金融时报》与高盛年度最佳商业书入选著作作者、美国对外关系委员会成员、世界经济论坛（WEF）顾问 。
《经济学人》杂志屡获殊荣的资深记者、中国财经主任、上海区总编辑。美国对外关系委员会成员，世界经济论坛顾问，纽约大学斯特恩商学院兼职讲师，主讲有关能源和技术创新的课题。
他与另外一位作者合著的新书《Zoom》入围英国《金融时报》与高盛选出的“2007年度最佳商业书奖”，书中主要讲述能源公司和汽车制造商，如何面对替代能源和新技术的挑战。 他在《纽约时报》以及《华尔街日报》发表文章，并定期做客NPR、PBS、ABC等多家电视台的节目。
他出生在印度，从小在美国长大，并从麻省理工学院获得工程学学位。他在《经济学人》杂志工作一年后，在墨西哥开办拉丁美洲分部。自1998年至2006年他负责环境与能源领域的报道，自2007年至2011年负责创新与健康方面的主题报道。
目前还没有哪个app可以看，可以在网址上搜索：
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