关于业余网球正手击球教学的研究李逢辉 指导教师 杨海平摘 要:网球是一项激烈的对抗性运动项目,在网球各项基本技术中,正手击球技术是运用最多的一种击球方式。掌握好正手击球技术对业余网球爱好者来说是非常重要的。本文针对业余网球正手击球教学进行对比教学实验,通过熟悉球性及多球练习的方法相结合的教学方法,对实验数据进行分析,得出结论并提出建议。关键词:正手击球;多球练习;熟悉球性;网球教学前言网球与高尔夫球、保龄球、桌球并称为世界四大绅士运动。它的起源可以追溯到12-13世纪的法国,当时在传教士中流行着一种用手掌击球的游戏,方法是在空地上两人隔一条绳子,用手掌将布包着头发制成的球打来打去。14世纪中叶,这种供贵族消遣的室内运动从法国传入英国,16-17世纪是英法宫廷从事网球活动的兴盛时期,平民无缘涉足,网球被称为“贵族运动”。 1873年,英国人M.温菲尔德把早期的网球打法改进,1874又进一步确定了场地大小和网的高低。1875年,英国板球俱乐部制定了网球比赛规则。1877年7月由全英板球俱乐部在温布尔顿举办了第一届草地网球赛,后来这个组织把网球场地改为长方形(23.77米*8.23米),每局采用15、30、40等记分法,球网的高度为99厘米。1884年,由英国伦敦玛丽勒本板球俱乐部把球网高度改为91.40厘米。从此网球运动冲出宫廷,走向了社会。1912年3月1日,澳大利亚、英国、法国等12国的网协代表,在巴黎召开会议,成立了国际网球联合会,总部设在伦敦。1980年,中国网球协会被接纳为该会正式成员。 15分制的由来 用15分为记分法始于15世纪,它是参照天文学中的六分仪而来。六分仪与1/6个圆一样共有60度,每度分为60分。当时网球比赛每局有4分,4个15分为一度,4个15度构成1/6的圆,采用15为基数来计算每一球的得失。至于45改成40是为了报分发音简便的原因。最初每盘为4局,每局4分。到17世纪初改为每盘6局。现代网球运动的历史一般从1873年开始,英国人温菲尔德将早期的网球打法加以改进,使之成为夏天在草坪上进行的一种体育活动,并取名“草地网球”。同年还出版了一本以《草地网球》为题的小册子,对这种活动进行宣传和推广。1858年英国哈利"格姆在伯明翰建造了世界上第一块草地网球场,1872年又创办了莱明顿网球俱乐部。1874年确定了场地和网球的规格,1875年英国板球俱乐部制定了世界上第一部网球竞赛规则。1877年英国板球俱乐部更名为全英板球和草地网球俱乐部,首次举办温布尔登男子网球单打比赛。1881年成立全美网球协会。后网球流传世界各地,尤其盛行欧美国家。1896年在雅典举行的现代第一届奥运会上,网球的男子单打与双打被列为正式比赛项目。1900年女网被列为奥运正式比赛项目。后来,由于国际奥委会和国际网球联合会在“业余运动员”问题上有分歧,已经进行了连续七届的奥运会网球比赛项目被取消。直到1984年的洛杉矾奥运会上,网球才被列为表演项目。到1988年的汉城奥运会上,网球重新被列为正式比赛项目,同时允许职业选手参赛。1913年3月1日,由澳大利亚等12个国家的网球协会代表,在巴黎成立了世界网球的最高组织——国际网球联合会(ITF),协调国际网球活动,安排全年比赛日程表,修订网球规则并监督它的执行。到20世纪末21世纪初,从1998年上海喜力网球公开赛到2004年中国网球公开赛,再到2005年重返上海的大师杯赛,从2004年初郑洁法网进入16强到2006年李娜温网8强,从2004年李婷/孙甜甜雅典奥运夺冠到2006年郑洁/晏紫澳网和温网两度折桂,一系列的国际网球职业大赛和中国网球选手的优秀表现使得东方文明古国——中国掀起了一股网球运动热潮,引起了人们越来越多的兴趣和关注,以北京、上海、广州等地为轴心折射出网球运动在华夏大地已经蓬勃发展起来了。随着学习网球的人越来越多,对于如何使业余网球爱好者在最短的时间内掌握正手击球的动作要领。对于以健身为目的的业余网球爱好者,在网球教学中运用各种球性练习,能使他们尽快入门,从而感受网球运动的乐趣。对现代网球教学内容及功能不断改变与完善,以及教学方法的创新,要求网球教学遵循循序渐进原则的基础上,结合实际在实践教学中有创新。抓住网球运动的特点,避免业余爱好者盲目学习,少走弯路,掌握网球技术,提高教学质量。1研究对象以肇庆市业余网球爱好者10名学员为研究对象,按自然条件分成两组,每组5人,A组5人为实验组,按实验方法进行教学,B组5人为对照组,按传统方法进行教学,并对两组学员以前参加体育运动情况进行统计。了解业余爱好者身体素质基本情况,及运动喜好。表1 学生基本情况的调查喜爱网球运动 现有基础 选择网球的动机曾接触过网球 未接触过网球 为健身 为追求时尚和社交 为提高运动水平实验组 100% 3% 97% 31% 58% 11%对照组 100% 4% 96% 32% 59% 9%从表1看,实验组、对照组的调查情况基本相同,其共同点是喜爱网球但没有基础,喜爱的原因以浅层次的追求时尚和社交为主,追求身体健康指数高于提高运动水平指数,说明人们追求时尚,追求健康的认识逐渐加强。2 研究方法2.1文献资料调查法查阅有关文献资料,了解到网球正手教学的重点环节并从中检索关于业余网球正手教学的重点的文献资料,根据研究目的和研究内容阅读了大量文献资料、著作期刊。因此为本文提供了理论和方法方面的依据。2.2采用比较法,分别按事先拟定的教学内容、方法、手段对两组进行为期5周(10课时)的教学实验2.2.1对照组采用常规的教学方法,即从网球运动概述,到几种握拍法的介绍,准备姿势,移动,正手击球的引拍、击球、随挥等。正手击球练习主要从无球挥拍到两人一组对击球练习,间或对墙击球练习(因没有足够的网球墙)。东方式握拍法:东方式握拍法又称为“握手式”握拍法。拍面与地面垂直,手握拍柄好象与人握手一样。具体说,握拍手的虎口对正拍柄右上侧的棱,手掌根与拍柄右上斜面紧贴,五指紧握拍柄,这种握拍能增大正手击球的力量。大陆式握拍法:又称为握锤式握拍法。具体来说是,虎口对正拍柄上棱面。手掌跟抵住拍柄上部的小平面。这种握拍的优点是,无论正手还是反手都能不变握拍法,但对手腕要求较高,力量不足的选手使用这种方法很难打出快速的击球。西方式握拍法:拍面与地面平行,手从拍上面抓住拍柄,手掌跟贴着拍柄右下斜面。这种握法打高球很有威力。2.2.2实验组采用一套熟悉球性的练习。 第一次课开始进行,但根据学生的情况有所侧重。握拍法不专门进行介绍,学生喜欢怎么握就怎么握,对明显错误者进行纠正,提倡尽量多用半西方握拍法。练习一 结合球和球拍进行必要的准备活动在没有教授学生握拍方法前就让学生用自然的第一感觉的方式握拍。把球放在排面上,用球拍托住球慢跑球场一圈,在跑的过程中,球不能落地。检查学生握拍法对明显错误者进行纠正。练习二 熟悉球性练习方法自抛自接球练习。向上抛球自接,向后抛球自接球,一手抛两球练习等。练习三、两人相距3~4米,一人两臂侧举,两手各拿一球,任意放一球,另一人向落下方向的球跑去,当球弹起时将球接住。15个回合后交换。练习四、颠拍球练习。原地拍颠球,正反拍颠球,颠不同高度的球,原地慢拍、快拍、高拍低拍、左右拉拍、慢跑中拍球等。练习五、一人抛球,一人正手击球。间隔4~5米,一人用手将球抛投过来,另一人等球反弹,用球拍轻打给对方。回球要柔和、准确。然后逐渐拉长距离,10个回合后,交换练习。2.3 实验组采用多球练习法 教师在教学过程中,采用送多球的方法进行。教师连续送出包括定点和移动位置的球,学生在底线或者发球线附近进行练习。对五名实验组学生采用多球练习,由教练负责送球,一名学生底线进行练习,加以巩固提高学生对正手击球动作要领的理解与动作的记忆定型。从而使学生掌握好击球的时间,及手上的控制,体会击球的部位、击球高度、挥拍方式,打出线路分明的正手击球。2.3.1对照组 教师在教学过程中采用不送多球的一般性教学方法进行练习。三实验结果3.1实验结果比较5周后,对两组进行正手对击球测试。为了减少测试结果的偶然性,对每个学生进行十球对打由教练亲自喂球进行测试,取其平均击球数。表2 正手连续击球次数比较组 平均值实验组 18次对照组 6次均差 12次从表2中看出,经过分组教学,实验组与对照组,正手击球次数比较。实验组正手击球次数明显好于对照组。我们不难看出在教学中应用球性练习及多球练习,能显著提高业余网球爱好者正手击球次数。避免业余爱好者盲目学习,少走弯路,在最短的时间内掌握网球基本技术水平提高较快。四分析与讨论4.1熟悉球性要多结合准备活动和放松活动进行熟悉球性要多结合准备活动和放松活动进行,可作为作业的形式让学生回家练习,在其它技术练习的间隙也可以随时练习。另外,必须要求学生课下自觉练习。毕竟呆在网球场的时间非常有限。总之要提高球的利用效率,随时随地多加练习。使学生熟悉球的重量,弹性,旋转及网球运动的特点,从而找到击球的感觉。在选择熟悉球性练习的方法时,要贯彻少而精、由容易到困难、循序渐进的原则。要根据学生的实际水平选择行之效的练习方法,要坚持经常、反复磨练,逐渐增加练习难度。陪养学生的手感,球感。为了让学生增加球感,熟悉球性,提高对球的控制能力,在做颠、拍、抛接球等方式的熟悉球性练习时,应要求学生尽量眼睛盯住球,集中精神,让球落在甜点上,最后达到,运用自如的程度。4.2 多球练习有利于形成正确的动力定型在任何1 项技术动作的学习泛化阶段,都会有肌肉僵硬、不协调、吃力的感觉。在这个阶段,多球练习落点相对固定,单位时间内练习次数多,练习密度大,练习强度大,而且练习者精力集中、情绪高涨,能有效提高身体协调性,缓解肌肉的僵硬现象;在动作的改进和提高阶段,大脑皮层的活动特点是由泛化进入分化,在这个阶段运用多球练习,将球连续不断地送到固定的区域里,使学生在固定的区域里击球,建立正确的肌肉运动概念,较快的掌握正确动作,有利于形成正确的动力定型。如果在以上两个阶段都不采用多球练习进行教学,学生由于单位时间内练习次数不够多,练习密度不够大,练习强度不够大,则对肌肉的刺激相对较小,就不利于形成正确的动力定型或者形成正确的动力定型的时间加长,加上普通高校网球选项课的人数多,场地、器材条件有限等因素的影响,很难有效的提高教学效果。从表2 中实验组和对照组的对比数据来看,实验组的学生在相同的时间内,用正确技术动作击打球的效果明显高于对照组,这很好的说明多球练习的作用。4.3 多球练习有利于改进技术动作初学者在技术动作形成的过程中,很容易出现一些错误的动作。如底线击球时易出现引拍过高、引拍不充分等,在单球练习时很难及时有效的纠正;但在多球练习时老师可一边送球、一边观察,发现问题能及时予以提醒和纠正,随着练习次数的增多,学生就能较快地掌握正确的技术,并消除无基础学生产生的错误动作和有基础的学生习惯性的错误动作。教师还可以通过送球力量、速度和弧线的变化,使学生有利于改进技术动作。如在多球练习的初期,送球的力量小、速度慢、弧线较高,使学生容易接受;随着课次增加,逐步过渡到有所变化,如力量加大、速度加快、弧线减低,使学生在多球练习时“集中”的体会细微的变化对技术动作产成的影响,能行之有效的改进技术动作。技术动作越改进就越接近正确,越接近正确击球的成功率就会越高。表l 的数据表明了实验组的成功率高于对照组,印证了多球练习有利于改进技术动作。4.4多球练习有利于提高教学质量提高教学质量的前提就是要掌握合理的技术动作,多球练习的优势就在于“时间短,见效快”。它可以使初学者在较短的时间内建立正确的动力定型,并在练习过程中,在老师的提示下,体会动作的每1 个环节,特别注意错误动作的改正,让技术动作合理化,而技术动作的合理化又是提高击球成功率的前提,击球的成功率提高了,反过来又会使学生在单位时间内练习的次数增多,更能有效的缓解或解决人数多,场地、器材条件有限等因素的影响,教学质量自然又上了1 个台阶。五结论与建议5.1 结论(1)球类运动的球性,主要体现在对球的弹性、旋转、速度、方向、距离等的预判能力上。直接影响击球者的取位、球拍与球接触的准确性。所以,业余网球教学从熟悉球性入手,符合这项运动的规律,值得提倡。(2)多球练习对业余网球爱好者正手击球技术的掌握及改进有明显的提高和帮助作用,是训练手段中不可缺少的有效环节。(3)网球正手击球的教学与其他网球技术的教学相比,既有其相同的地方也有其独特的地方。其中最大的不同是不能把正手击球的教学当作一个一般技术来学习,而要在教学中全面灌输网球理念,传授网球基本知识,培养网球兴趣,了解网球击球的动作结构、原理,掌握击球的时机和对击球点的判断,体会发力感觉,学会网球步法移动的方法,熟悉网球规则,养成良好的习惯,提高网球意识,为以后的学习打下良好的基础。5.2 建议加强教练员业务能力综合素质的提高网球运动是一项专项技术很强的运动项目,教练员作为运动训练的策划者和组织者,在训练过程中起主导作用直接关系的科学训练水平和运动员水平的提高,没有高水平的教练员就不可能培养出高水平的运动员,其次,现代训练是综合科学的知识的运用,掌握多方面的知识并运用到训练、实践中是训练成功的重要因素,教练员学历是显示教练员的知识水平的重要指标,为了加速网球运动水平的提高,应当重视教练员业务能力和知识水平的培养,通过引进高水平教练员,派本地教练员出去进修学习,多渠道创造交流与学习机会,促进网球运动的发展。参考文献参考文献[1]赵振平.著.网球入门练习方法,2002.3 :p119-120[2]董学琪.编.网球训练“三步教学法”[J].解放军体育学院学报2002.4:p67-68[3]汪俊.著.网球全程点拨[M]人民教育出版社2002(10)p173-175[4]迟旭东.著.网球一周通[M]北京人民体育出版社2000 :p54-58[5]王伟明.分析业余网球选手正手抽球动作方式.武汉体育学报2004,11(2)165-168[6]严波涛. 网球发球技术的生物力学分析[J]. 体育科学, 2000 ,5(7)77-81[7] 张学军.著.现代网球运动实用手册[M]. 北京:人民体育出版社, 2003, 6.p45-46[8] 彭承基.提高网球击球技术的生物力学分析[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2000 ,23(2):p181-184[9] 刘卉.网球大力发球技术的运动生物力学分析[J] 北京体育大学学报,2000,23(2)173-180Research about amateur tennis ball forehand batting teachingLi FengHui Instructor Yang HaiPingAbstract: Tennis ball is a fierce one antagonism motion project , that every resembles fundamental technology middle , the forehand batting technology is the way wielding the most one kind of batting in tennis ball. Finishing grasping the forehand batting technology is very important to amateur tennis ball amateur. The contrast teaching experiment the main body of a book is carried out specifically for amateur tennis ball forehand batting teaching , the teaching method by the fact that know ball nature very well and many ball exercise method combines each other, the data carries out analysis on the experiment , come to a conclusion and put forward a proposal.Keywords: Forehand batting; Much ball exercise; Know ball nature very well; Tennis ball teaching
2015[1] L. Zhang, B. Chen, M. He, X. Liu, and B. Hu, Hydrophilic Polymer Monolithic Capillary Microextraction Online Coupled to ICPMS for the Determination of Carboxyl Group-Containing Gold Nanoparticles in Environmental Waters. Analytical Chemistry, 2015. 87(3): p. 1789-1796.[2] L. Huang, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, A designable magnetic MOF composite and facile coordination-based post-synthetic strategy for the enhanced removal of Hg2+ from water. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015. 3(21): p. 11587-11595.[3] B. Hu, M. He, and B. Chen, Nanometer-sized materials for solid-phase extraction of trace elements. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015. 407(10): p. 2685-2710.[4] B. Chen, Y. Wu, X. Guo, M. He, and B. Hu, Speciation of mercury in various samples from the micro-ecosystem of East Lake by hollow fiber-liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction-HPLC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2015. 30(4): p. 875-881.[5] C. Cui, H. Peng, Y. Zhang, K. Nan, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Ti-containing mesoporous silica packed microcolumn separation/preconcentration combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the determination of trace Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb in environmental samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2015. 30(6): p. 1386-1394.[6] X. Mao, W. Fan, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, C-18-coated stir bar sorptive extraction combined with HPLC-ICP-MS for the speciation of butyltins in environmental samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2015. 30(1): p. 162-171.[7] X. Zhang, B. Chen, M. He, Y. Zhang, G. Xiao, and B. Hu, Magnetic immunoassay coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy, 2015. 106: p. 20-27.[8] B. Zhao, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Novel ion imprinted magnetic mesoporous silica for selective magnetic solid phase extraction of trace Cd followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy, 2015. 107: p. 115-124.[9] Y. Zhang, C. Zhong, Q. Zhang, B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Graphene oxide-TiO2 composite as a novel adsorbent for the preconcentration of heavy metals and rare earth elements in environmental samples followed by on-line inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry detection. Rsc Advances, 2015. 5(8): p. 5996-6005.[10] P. Yan, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Restricted accessed nanoparticles for direct magnetic solid phase extraction of trace metal ions from human fluids followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. Analyst, 2015. 140(12): p. 4298-4306.[11] H. Peng, N. Zhang, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic, chromium. and selenium in environmental waters by 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes packed microcolumn solid phase extraction and ICP-MS. Talanta, 2015. 131: p. 266-272.[12] Y. Liu, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Simultaneous speciation of inorganic arsenic, selenium and tellurium in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta, 2015. 142: p. 213-220.[13] C. Hu, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Simultaneous determination of polar and apolar compounds in environmental samples by a polyaniline/hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 2015. 1394: p. 36-45.[14] W. Fan, M. Gao, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Cyromazine imprinted polymers for selective stir bar sorptive extraction of melamine in animal feed and milk samples. Analyst, 2015. 140(12): p. 4057-4067.[15] X. Zhou, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Hollow fiber based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the sensitive determination of second-generation antidepressants in human fluids. Analyst, 2015. 140(5): p. 1662-1671.2014[1] Y. Zhang, B.B. Chen, M. He, B. Yang, J. Zhang, and B. Hu, Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Tumor Cells Using Gold Nanoparticle Labeling. Analytical Chemistry, 2014. 86(16): p. 8082-8089.[2] L. Li, X.L. Liu, M. Gao, W. Hong, G.Z. Liu, L. Fan, B. Hu, Q.H. Xia, L. Liu, G.W. Song, and Z.S. Xu, The adsorption on magnetic hybrid Fe3O4/HKUST-1/GO of methylene blue from water solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014. 2(6): p. 1795-1801.[3] M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Recent developments in stir bar sorptive extraction. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014. 406(8): p. 2001-2026.[4] B.B. Chen, M. He, C. Zhong, and B. Hu, Chiral speciation of selenoamino acids in biological samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2014. 1363: p. 62-70.[5] S.W. Su, B.B. Chen, M. He, Z.W. Xiao, and B. Hu, A novel strategy for sequential analysis of gold nanoparticles and gold ions in water samples by combining magnetic solid phase extraction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2014. 29(3): p. 444-453.[6] H.Y. Peng, Y. Jiao, X. Xiao, B.B. Chen, M. He, Z.R. Liu, X. Zhang, and B. Hu, Magnetic quantitative analysis for multiplex glycoprotein with polymer-based elemental tags. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2014. 29(6): p. 1112-1119.[7] X. Liu, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Polymer monolithic capillary microextraction on-line coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the determination of trace Au and Pd in biological samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy, 2014. 101: p. 254-260.[8] X.Q. Guo, X.T. Tang, M. He, B.B. Chen, K. Nan, Q.Y. Zhang, and B. Hu, Dual dispersive extraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determination of trace REEs in water and sediment samples. Rsc Advances, 2014. 4(38): p. 19960-19969.[9] S.W. Su, B.B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Graphene oxide-silica composite coating hollow fiber solid phase microextraction online coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace heavy metals in environmental water samples. Talanta, 2014. 123: p. 1-9.[10] S.W. Su, B.B. Chen, M. He, B. Hu, and Z.W. Xiao, Determination of trace/ultratrace rare earth elements in environmental samples by ICP-MS after magnetic solid phase extraction with Fe3O4@SiO2@polyaniline-graphene oxide composite. Talanta, 2014. 119: p. 458-466.[11] C. Cui, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Chitosan modified magnetic nanoparticles based solid phase extraction combined with ICP-OES for the speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Analytical Methods, 2014. 6(21): p. 8577-8583.[12] P.J. Li, B. Hu, M. He, and B.B. Chen, Ion pair hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection for the determination of thyroid hormones in human serum. Journal of Chromatography A, 2014. 1356: p. 23-31.[13] L.F. Huang, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Membrane-supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with anion-selective exhaustive injection capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection for sensitive analysis of phytohormones. Journal of Chromatography A, 2014. 1343: p. 10-17.[14] C. Hu, M. He, B.B. Chen, C. Zhong, and B. Hu, Sorptive extraction using polydimethylsiloxane/metal-organic framework coated stir bars coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2014. 1356: p. 45-53.[15] W. Fan, X. Mao, M. He, B. Chen, and B. Hu, Development of novel sol-gel coatings by chemically bonded ionic liquids for stir bar sorptive extraction-application for the determination of NSAIDS in real samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014. 406(28): p. 7261-7273.[16] L. Li, J.C. Li, Z. Rao, G.W. Song, and B. Hu, Metal Organic Framework Cu-3(BTC)(2)(H2O)(3) for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014. 52(37-39): p. 7332-7338.2013[1] L. Peng, M. He, B.B. Chen, Q.M. Wu, Z.L. Zhang, D.W. Pang, Y. Zhu, and B. Hu, Cellular uptake, elimination and toxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in HepG2 cells. Biomaterials, 2013. 34(37): p. 9545-9558.[2] L. Li, X.L. Liu, H.Y. Geng, B. Hu, G.W. Song, and Z.S. Xu, A MOF/graphite oxide hybrid (MOF: HKUST-1) material for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2013. 1(35): p. 10292-10299.[3] B. Hu, M. He, B.B. Chen, and L.B. Xia, Liquid phase microextraction for the analysis of trace elements and their speciation. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy, 2013. 86: p. 14-30.[4] B.B. Chen, B. Hu, M. He, Q. Huang, Y. Zhang, and X. Zhang, Speciation of selenium in cells by HPLC-ICP-MS after (on-chip) magnetic solid phase extraction. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2013. 28(3): p. 334-343.[5] H. Wang, Z.K. Wu, Y. Zhang, B.B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Chip-based liquid phase microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace metal determination in cell samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2013. 28(10): p. 1660-1665.[6] X.Q. Guo, B.B. Chen, M. He, B. Hu, and X.Q. Zhou, Ionic liquid based carrier mediated hollow fiber liquid liquid liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-ICP-MS for the speciation of phenylarsenic compounds in chicken and feed samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2013. 28(10): p. 1638-1647.[7] C. Cui, B. Hu, B.B. Chen, and M. He, Ionic liquid-based magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for the determination of Cu, Cd, and Zn in biological samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2013. 28(7): p. 1110-1117.[8] B.B. Chen, Y.L. Huang, M. He, and B. Hu, Hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of various environmental estrogens in environmental and biological samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1305: p. 17-26.[9] C. Cui, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Restricted accessed material-copper(II) ion imprinted polymer solid phase extraction combined with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for the determination of free Cu(II) in urine and serum samples. Talanta, 2013. 116: p. 1040-1046.[10] L. Zhang, B.B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Polymer monolithic capillary microextraction combined on-line with inductively coupled plasma MS for the determination of trace rare earth elements in biological samples. Journal of Separation Science, 2013. 36(13): p. 2158-2167.[11] S.W. Wu, C.G. Hu, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Capillary microextraction combined with fluorinating assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of trace lanthanum, europium, dysprosium and yttrium in human hair. Talanta, 2013. 115: p. 342-348.[12] Y. Zhang, J.K. Duan, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples. Talanta, 2013. 115: p. 730-736.[13] J. Xu, B.B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Analysis of preservatives with different polarities in beverage samples by dual-phase dual stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1278: p. 8-15.[14] C. Hu, M. He, B.B. Chen, C. Zhong, and B. Hu, Polydimethylsiloxane/metal-organic frameworks coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector for the determination of estrogens in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1310: p. 21-30.[15] C. Hu, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, A sol-gel polydimethylsiloxane/polythiophene coated stir bar sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1275: p. 25-31.[16] C. Hu, B.B. Chen, M. He, and B. Hu, Amino modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of phenols in environmental samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1300: p. 165-172.[17] W.Y. Fan, X.J. Mao, M. He, B.B. Chen, and B. Hu, Stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analysis of thyroxine in urine samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 2013. 1318: p. 49-57.
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中国科学技术信息研究所2019年11月19日发布的显示,2018年中国卓越科技论文共计31.59万篇,比2017年增加12.4%,包括卓越国际科技论文14.45万篇,卓越国内科技论文17.15万篇。
从学科分布来看,临床医学、化学、生物学和电子、通讯与自动控制专业的卓越科技论文数量最多,其中,排名第一的临床医学超过43000篇。
以上内容参考:百度百科—论文
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Chinese Geographical Science, 11(1).57-63.马金珠, 李吉均. 塔里木盆地人类活动干扰下地下水的变化及其生态环境效应[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(2):134-139.马金珠, 李吉均. 干旱区地下水在脆弱生态环境中的作用.in: 2000年全国博士后大会论文集. 科学出版社, 北京, 2001.马金珠. 塔里木盆地南缘地下水脆弱性评价. 中国沙漠, 2001:(2):170-174. Ma Jinzhu, Gao Qianzhao. The Groundwater Evolution and its Influence on the Fragile Ecology in the South Edge of Tarim Basin. 中国沙漠, 2000,20(2):145-149马金珠, 高前兆. 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘地下水在脆弱生态环境中的作用. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2000 (3):88-95. 马金珠, 张惠昌, 钱鞠. 腾格里沙漠包气带水汽热运动的耦合模型及水热状况模拟. 中国沙漠, 1998: 18(4):340-345.马金珠, 钱鞠. 巴谢河中游那勒寺灌区环境水文地质影响预测评价. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 1998: 34(1):106-111.马金珠, 高前兆. 西北干旱区农业灌溉水资源优化分配的DDP模型. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 1998: 34(3)145-150. 马金珠, 钱鞠. 黑河流域水资源优化利用. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 1997: 33(2):92-97.Ma Jinzhu. Sustainable Exploitation and Utilization of Water Resources in the Inland River Basin of Arid Northwest China. Chinese Geographical Science, 1997: 7(4):347-351.马金珠, 高前兆, 钱鞠. 西北干旱区内陆河流域水资源系统与生态环境问题. 干旱区资源与环境, 1997: 11(4):15-21.
很多人不知道期刊的分类,下面给大家搜集整理一些期刊公开发表的论文分为六个级别的介绍,欢迎大家参考阅读。第一级-T类:特种刊物论文,指在《SCIENCE》和《NATURE》两本期刊上发表的论文。第二级-A类:权威的核心期刊,指的是国际通用的SCIE、EI、ISTP、SSCI、A&HCI收录检索系统的论文(中国科学技术信息研究所检索为准),或同一主题发表在国内中文核心期刊的权威,论文中不包含其他报告总结。第三级-B类:重要核心刊物论文,指在国外核心期刊上刊登的论文(见《国外科技核心期刊手册》)或在国内同一学科的中文核心期刊中具有重要影响的刊物上发表的论文。第四级-C类:一般核心刊物论文,指《全国中文核心期刊要目总览?北大图书馆2004版》刊物上发表的论文。第五级-D类:一般公开刊物论文,指在国内公开发行的刊物上(有期刊号“CN”“ISSN” ,有邮发代号)发表的论文。第六级-E类:受限公开刊物论文,指在国内公开发行的但受发行限制的刊物上(仅有期刊号、无邮发代号)发表的论文。
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