在PE发表论文是什么意思

新牛津英汉双解大词典 paper noun[mass noun]material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances, used for writing, drawing, or printing on, or as wrapping material纸a sheet of paper.一张纸。[as modifier]a paper napkin.一张餐巾纸。■[count noun]a newspaper报纸■wallpaper墙纸■[count noun](一般作 papers)a piece or sheet of paper with something written or drawn on it文件he riffled through the papers on his desk.他把桌上的文件翻阅了一遍。■(papers)significant or important documents belonging to a person个人的重要文件■[as modifier]denoting something that is officially documented but has no real existence or little merit or use名义上的；有名无实的a paper profit.名义上的益处。■[count noun]a government report or policy document政府报告；官方政策文件a recently leaked cabinet paper.一份最近泄露出来的内阁官方文件。■(papers)documents attesting identity; credentials身份证件；文凭；证明文件two men stopped us and asked us for our papers.两个人拦住了我们并要我们出示证件。■[count noun]a piece of paper used for wrapping or enclosing something or made into a packet包装纸toffee papers.褐色包装纸。■short for commercial papercommercial paper的简称■short for cigarette papercigarette paper的简称a set of examination questions to be answered at one session试卷we had to sit a three-hour paper.我们必须做一张三小时才能做完的试卷。■the written answers to such questions答卷■an essay or dissertation, especially one read at an academic lecture or seminar or published in an academic journal（尤指在学术演讲或讨论中宣读的或在学术刊物上发表的）文章；论文[mass noun](theatrical slang)free passes of admission to a theatre or other entertainment(舞台俚语)（剧院等娱乐场所的）免费入场券verb[with obj.](常作 be papered)apply wallpaper to (a wall or room)用墙纸裱糊（墙壁，房间）the walls were papered in a Regency stripe.墙上糊有等宽彩色条纹的墙纸。■[no obj.](paper over)cover (a hole or blemish) with wallpaper用墙纸覆盖（洞，污点）■(paper over)disguise (an awkward problem) instead of resolving it掩盖（尴尬问题）；掩饰the ill feeling between her and Jenny must have been papered over.她和詹妮之间的敌意肯定是被掩盖了。(theatrical slang)fill (a theatre) by giving out free tickets(舞台俚语)发免费入场券使（剧院）满座 常用词组be not worth the paper it is written on be of no value or validity whatsoever despite having been written down毫无价值make the papers be written about in newspapers and thus become famous or notorious因上了报纸而出名on paper in writing以书面形式■in theory rather than in reality在理论上the combatants were, on paper at least, evenly matched.双方参战人员至少在理论上是势均力敌的。paper over the cracks disguise problems or divisions rather than trying to solve them掩饰分歧；掩盖问题 派生paperer nounpaperless adjective 语源Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French papir, from Latin papyrus 'paper-reed' (see papyrus). The verb dates from the late 16th cent 简明英汉词典 paper D.J.[ˈpeipə] K.K.[ˈpepɚ] n.纸, 墙纸The public are requested not to throw waste paper in the park.公众被要求不得在公园里乱扔废纸。〈口〉报纸The papers forecast clear skies tomorrow.报纸预报明天晴天。I asked him to fetch me the evening paper.我请他去给我把晚报拿来。文件Assemble your papers and put them in the file.把你的文件归拢放在这个文件夹内。文章, 论文My paper consists of ten pages.我的论文共10页。试卷The geography paper was difficult.地理试题很难。The teacher demands that students should turn in their test papers within two hours.老师要求学生两小时内交卷。vt. & vi.贴纸When did your father last time paper the room?上次, 你父亲是什么时候用纸裱糊房间的?We're papering the room.我们正在给这间屋子贴壁纸。vt.用纸覆盖She papered the oranges carefully.她很仔细地用纸把橘子包起来。隐瞒; 掩饰He agreed to paper over the cracks for the period of the election.他同意在选举期间暂时把分歧掩盖起来。 新牛津美语大词典 paper [ˈpāpər] noun material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances, used for writing, drawing, or printing on, or as wrapping material: a sheet of paper (as adjective) a paper bag.■a newspaper.■wallpaper.■(usu. papers) a piece or sheet of paper with something written or drawn on it: he riffled through the papers on his desk.■(papers) significant or important documents belonging to a person: the personal papers of major political figures.■(as adjective) denoting something that is officially documented but has no real existence or little merit or use: a paper profit.■a government report or policy document: a recently leaked cabinet paper.■(papers) documents attesting identity; credentials: two men stopped us and asked us for our papers.■a piece of paper used for wrapping or enclosing something or made into a packet: toffee papers.■short for commercial paper.■short for cigarette paper.an essay or thesis, esp. one read at an academic lecture or seminar or published in an academic journal.(theatrical slang )free passes of admission to a theater or other entertainment.verb (transitive) (often be papered) apply wallpaper to (a wall or room): the walls were papered in a Regency stripe.■(intransitive) (paper over) cover (a hole or blemish) with wallpaper.■(paper over) disguise (an awkward problem) instead of resolving it: the ill feeling between her and Jenny must have been papered over.(theatrical slang )fill (a theater) by giving out free tickets. 常用词组be not worth the paper it is written on be of no value or validity whatsoever despite having been written down.make the papers be written about in newspapers and thus become famous or notorious.on paper in writing.■in theory rather than in reality: the combatants were, on paper at least, evenly matched. 派生paperer nounpaperless adjective 语源– ORIGIN Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French papir, from Latin papyrus '‘paper-reed’' (see papyrus). The verb dates from the late 16th cent. 牛津英语习语词典 paper on 'paperconsidering sth from what is written down about it, rather than what is actually true in practice; in theory 据书面材料；理论上:This idea looks very good on paper, but I’m not sure that it’s very practical.从理论上说，这个主意不错，不过恐怕不够实际。,paper over the 'crackstry to hide a problem or disagreement in a way that is temporary and not likely to be successful 用纸煳住墙缝；权且掩饰（问题或分歧）:These new prison reforms are just papering over the cracks. What we need is a fundamental change in the prison system. 这些新的监狱改革只是想掩盖问题罢了，我们所需要的是监狱体制的根本改变。ORIGIN This expression refers to putting wallpaper on a wall in order to hide the cracks in the plaster.这个表达法原指在墙上贴墙纸以掩盖灰泥上的裂缝。a ,paper 'tigera person or thing that is less strong, powerful, dangerous,etc. than they/it appears 纸老虎；外强中乾的人:He claimed that the enemies of his party were paper tigers and not to be feared. 他宣称他的政党的对手只是纸老虎，没什么可怕的。he, she, etc. couldn’t punch his, her, etc. way out of a paper bag 另见punchnot worth the paper it’s printed/written on 另见worthput pen to paper 另见pen 牛津短语动词词典 paper ,paper 'over sth to cover sth such as a wall with thick paper in order to hide sth用墙纸裱煳；用厚纸遮盖:We papered over the stains on the wall.我们用墙纸把墙上的污斑煳上了。to hide sth such as a problem, a disagreement, etc.,especially quickly or not very well暂时掩盖，权且掩饰（问题、分歧等）:The divisions in the party had been papered over during the election campaign.竞选运动期间该党的内部分歧被掩盖了。Paper over sth can be used in the passive.paper over sth 可用于被动语态。[G]v+preppaper over the 'cracks (in sth) to try to hide a problem or fault, especially in a way that is unlikely to be successful掩饰，粉饰（很可能不遂） 牛津英语搭配词典 paper nounmaterial 材料[搭配]ADJ.thick, thin 厚纸；薄纸see-through, transparent透明纸plain, unlined 无横格的纸lined 印有横线的纸graph, squared 坐标纸；方格纸A3, A4, etc.A3 纸、A4 纸等foolscap 大裁纸blank 空白纸:I stared at the blank paper, not knowing how to start the letter. 我盯着白纸发楞，不知道信该从何写起。printed 印刷品:The Post Office has a special rate for printed paper. 邮局给印刷品订了优惠价。brown, coloured 牛皮纸；彩色纸:a brown paper parcel of books 牛皮纸包的一包书greaseproof, waxed 防油纸；蜡纸glossy, shiny亮光纸scrap, waste 小纸片；废纸:I made some notes on a piece of scrap paper. 我在一张小纸片上记了一些笔记。computer, typing 计算机用纸；打印纸writing 书写纸；信纸blotting 吸墨纸tracing 描图纸wrapping 包装纸crêpe 绉纸tissue 绵纸photographic 相纸filter 滤纸kitchen 厨房用纸toilet 厕纸cigarette卷烟纸:a packet of cigarette papers 一包卷烟纸[搭配]QUANT.bit, piece, scrap, sheet, slip, strip 一小片纸；一张纸；一页纸；一张纸条:I scribbled down his number on a scrap of paper. 我在一张小纸片上草草写下了他的号码。roll 一卷纸:a roll of kitchen paper 一卷厨房用纸side 一面纸:The essay filled seven sides of A4 paper. 这篇作文有满满7 面A4 纸那么长。[搭配]VERB + PAPER fold 将纸摺叠:Fold the paper in half. 把这张纸对摺。shred, tear 切碎纸；撕碎纸crumple (up), screw up 把纸弄皱；把纸揉成一团:I screwed up the paper and threw it in the bin. 我把那张纸揉成一团，扔进了垃圾箱。recycle 循环利用纸wrap sth in 把某物用纸包起来[搭配]PAPER + VERB be strewn 纸到处散落:There was paper strewn all over the floor. 满地都是纸。[搭配]PREP.on ~ 以书面形式:I’ve had nothing on paper (=in writing) to say that I’ve been accepted. 我还没有收到任何书面通知说我已经获得录取。[搭配]PHRASESput pen to paper 开始写:I’ve thought about what I’m going to write, but I haven’t yet put pen to paper. 我已经考虑写些什么，但还没有动笔。a waste of paper浪费纸张:This report is a waste of paper. 这篇报道真是在浪费纸张。newspaper 报纸[搭配]ADJ.daily, evening, morning, Sunday, weekly 日报；晚报；晨报；星期日报；周报today’s, yesterday’s 今天的报纸；昨天的报纸independent, left-wing, rightwing独立的报纸；左翼的报纸；右翼的报纸local, national 地方报纸；全国性报纸broadsheet, quality大幅报纸；高质量报纸tabloid 通俗小报[搭配]QUANT.copy 一份报纸:Have you got a copy of yesterday’s paper? 你有昨天的报纸吗？edition 一期报纸:today’s edition of the paper 今天的报纸[搭配]VERB + PAPER buy, get, take 买报纸；订报纸:Do you take a daily paper? 你订日报吗？flick through, read 浏览报纸；阅读报纸:What paper do you usually read? 你通常看什么报？print, produce, publish 印刷报纸；出版报纸edit, write for/in 编辑报纸；为报纸撰稿appear in 刊登在报纸上get into 登上报纸:The story got into the papers. 那篇报道上了报纸。[搭配]PAPER + VERB come out 报纸出版:The paper comes out every Saturday. 那份报纸每周六出版。[搭配]PAPER + NOUN shop 报刊经销店boy, girl 男报童；女报童round 送报；送报路线[搭配]PREP.in a/the ~ 在报纸上:I read about his arrest in the papers. 我在报纸上看到他被捕的消息。on a/the ~在报社:She got a job on the local paper. 她在当地的报社工作。(usually papers) offical document 公文[搭配]ADJ.commercial 商业文件necessary 必要的文件official 正式文件identity 身分证明文件personal, private 私人文件ballot 选票[搭配]QUANT.pile, sheaf 一摞文件；一叠文件[搭配]VERB + PAPERS show 出示证件:Be prepared to show your identity papers at the border. 准备好在边境出示你的身分证件。exam 考试[搭配]ADJ.exam, examination, question, test 试卷written笔试试卷:I did well on the oral but not on the written paper. 我口试考得好，但笔试不怎么样。English, geography, etc. 英语、地理等试卷[搭配]VERB + PAPER do, sit, take 参加考试set 出试卷:The exam papers are set by experienced teachers. 试卷是由经验丰富的教师出的。mark 批阅试卷turn over 把试卷翻过来:You may now turn over your papers. 现在可以翻开试卷。[搭配]PREP.in a/the ~ 在试卷里:the questions in the physics paper 物理试卷中的题目on a/the ~ 在试卷上:You must not write on the question paper. 请勿在试题纸上答题。piece of writing on a specialist subject 专题文章[搭配]ADJ.draft 论文的初稿consultation, consultative, discussion, position, working 咨询稿；讨论稿；建议书；研究报告research, scientific 研究论文；科学论文[搭配]VERB + PAPER deliver, give, present, put forward, read 递送论文；提交论文；宣读论文draft, prepare, produce, write 起草论文；准备论文；写论文issue, publish, release 发表论文[搭配]PAPER + VERB consider sth, deal with sth, focus on/upon sth, look at sth 论文谈到…；论文着眼于…:The paper looks at the future of primary school education. 这篇论文着眼于小学教育的未来。argue sth, propose sth 论文认为…；论文提出…demonstrate sth 论文论证…describe sth, outline sth, present sth 论文描述…；论文概述…be called sth, be entitiled sth论文题为…[搭配]PREP.in a/the ~ 在论文中:Freud first mentioned this concept in his paper ‘On Narcissism’. 弗洛伊德在他的论文《论自恋》中首次提到了这个概念。~ on 关于…的论文:a paper on the development of the novel 关于这部小说情节发展的论文 牛津英语同义词词典 paper [ˈpeɪpə] (noun 名词)纸a piece of paper.一张纸。SYNONYM 同义词:folio, leaf, sheet.KINDS OF PAPER 纸的种类：card, cardboard,cartridge paper, manila, notepaper, papyrus,parchment, postcard, stationery, tissue-paper,toilet-paper, tracing-paper, vellum, wallpaper,wrapping-paper, writing-paper.PAPER SIZES 纸的尺寸：A4 (A1, A2, etc.),foolscap, quarto.文件I keep important papers in a file.我把重要的文件归档。SYNONYM 同义词:certificates, deeds, documents,forms, records.报纸a daily paper.日报。SEE参阅 newspaper.论文a scientific paper.科学论文。SYNONYM 同义词:article,dissertation, essay, monograph, thesis, treatise. 基本词义paper (verb 动词)用壁纸裱煳to paper a room.用壁纸裱煳房间。SYNONYM 同义词:decorate. 英汉计算机词汇 paper 纸(张)，论文；文件；报纸

paper是论文的意思。

论文一般由名称、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如附录）可有可无。

paper，英[ˈpeɪpə(r)]；美[ˈpeɪpər]有名词、动词、形容词，作名词时翻译为“纸；论文；文件；报纸”，作及物动词时翻译为“用纸糊；用纸包装”，作不及物动词时翻译为“贴糊墙纸；发交通违章传票”，作形容词时翻译为“纸做的”。

第三人称单数：papers；复数：papers；现在分词：papering；过去式：papered；过去分词：papered。

短语搭配：

white paper白皮书 ; 白纸 ; 未印过的纸张 ; 技术白皮书

Kraft paper牛皮纸 ; 年皮纸 ; 牛雨伞纸 ; 内衬防潮纸

toilet paper卫生纸 ; 手纸 ; 厕纸 ; 草纸

双语例句：

1、These trees provide the raw material for high-quality paper.

这些树是制造优质纸张的原料。

2、Denmark recycles nearly 85% of its paper.

丹麦的纸张回收率近85%。

3、Put your hand up if you need more paper.

若有人还要纸，请举手。

4、Experience is more important for this job than paper qualifications.

就这项工作而言，经验比纸面上的资格重要。

5、She was invited to give a paper on the results of her research.

她应邀发表一篇论文，报告她的研究结果。

6、I read about the accident in the local paper.

我在当地的报纸上看到了这次事故。

7、We put an ad in the local paper.

我们在当地报纸上登了一则广告。

8、The review is in today's paper.

这篇评论刊登在今天的报纸上。

同行评审：

同行评审(Peer review，在某些学术领域亦称)))为一种审查程序，即一位作者的学术著作或计划让同一领域的其他专家学者来加以评审。在出版单位主要以同行评审的方法来选择与筛选所投送的稿件录取与否，再而资金提供的单位，也是以同行评审的方式来决定研究奖助金是否授予。

评审理由：

1、同行评审的其中一个理由是在复杂的工作中难以单凭个别作者或单一研究团队的力量来指出当中所有错误及瑕疵。这不是因为缺憾彷如海底针，而是对于新的兼收并蓄的知识产品来说，某些专家能够发掘改进的机会。因此向他人展示作品能够更容易曝露弱点，获得建议及鼓励而最终得到修正。保持审阅人和被审阅人的身分双向隐密及独立能够有效防止在财政及出版上发生结党营私的问题，以求尽可能诚实的意见与批评。

2、另外，由于评审人通常都是文章所涉领域里挑选出的专家，同行评审被视为学术研究和创立可靠学识的关键。文章发表后面向的学术界读者只是某个有限领域的专家，他们在某种程度上需要同行评审来保证文章中研究结果的可靠性，然后在这些研究结果的基础之上进行后续或相关的研究活动。因此，如果作者被发现在文章中造假，通常视为重大丑闻，因为许多其他研究者，以及该研究领域本身，已经依赖于这项研究的结果。

简单来说，Peer review就是让多个待发表论文所处领域的专家对其提供意见，从而协助编辑判断文章是否适合发表的过程。下面个人简单解释一下这个制度、流程和局限性；鉴于本人并非专注于期刊发表领域的专家，所以答案难免具有一定的不足，如果有问题望及时指出。同时，此答案所涉及的情况和流程都针对自然科学界（特别是化学和生物）中上水平的期刊，用一个不太准确的分类来定位的话，基本是SCI分区中三区以上的期刊。首先，一般的学术期刊会有一个主编和多个负责不同研究方向的副主编，一篇论文在完成后投稿到一个期刊并发表的流程大致如下：作者投稿——主编收到稿件——主编将稿件转发给某个合适的副主编——副主编将稿件送给论文所在领域的专家进行评议——副主编汇总建议，对论文提出意见——论文被接收，或修改后接收，或拒收。这个过程中，由副主编进行的，将论文送到大于等于两个审稿人（Referee）手中，让他们对论文是否适合发表提出意见的过程，就是Peer review。然后介绍一下Peer review是怎么进行的。当论文被提交的时候，作者会给编辑去一封信，用来简单介绍自己论文的重要性以及为什么要在这个期刊发表，这封信被称为“Cover letter”。在这封信的末尾，作者需要建议一些审稿人并提供他们的联系方式供编辑参考（在数学方面似乎不需要作者提供审稿人，全部由编辑决定）。一般来说，编辑会在这些作者建议的审稿人中选择一个，再根据自己对该领域的了解选择另一个审稿人来进行Peer review过程。如果两个审稿人的意见一致，那么副主编一般会采用他们的意见；如果意见不一致，副主编一般会选择第三个审稿人作为仲裁。需要注意的是，同行评议只是一个参考，文章是否被接收的决定权在且只在于副主编。顺便上传一个与此相关的介绍供大家更深入的了解Peer-Review，这是Dr. Rainer Glaser给我们上课时的课件，可以在他的主页上找到更多的知识，分享请注明出处。接下来写一下Peer review的具体流程。当论文被提交，并被主编转发到副主编办公室后，副主编会对论文做一个简单的判断。如果他认为值得审核，就会把论文转发给两个或更多的审稿人手中，Peer review过程正式开始，这个过程也被称为“送审”。需要注意一下，送审的过程中，作者的名字是公开的，也就是说审稿人可以看到论文作者是谁；但是审稿人是匿名的，作者不会知道自己的论文经过了谁的审核（这个情况仅限于期刊，对于会议论文，特别是计算机领域的会议论文，似乎更多的是双盲审稿）。审稿人对论文提出意见之后，意见汇总到副主编办公室，如果副主编没有决定直接接收或拒收这篇论文，那么他就会把审稿人的意见转发给作者并且要求作者针对意见逐条进行回复，同时根据意见对论文进行修改。在回复之后，Peer review过程就已经结束，副主编会根据作者的回复决定是否接收这篇论文。虽然审稿人会看到作者给他的回复，但是一般情况下他不能再发表意见。最后说一下Peer review制度存在的问题及其局限性。因为Peer review的过程是免费的，虽然审核一篇论文是一个相当消耗精力的工作，但是编辑部并不会为此提供报酬，这使得一些教授不愿意在这个过程中花费太多的精力。果壳有一篇翻译的文章，链接贴过来供大家参考 同行评议还要免费多久？评论中@张旭提到Nature投稿需要审稿费，这个我不了解，如果有审过Nature稿件的欢迎现身说法，不过仍然确定的是这种情况是极少数的特例。有很多审稿人在评审的时候不够公正、过于主观，这也是科学界区分派系，互相拉关系最主要的原因之一。很多时候，一些论文能否在高质量期刊发表的界限相当的模糊，加上作者的名字是公开的，这就使得Peer review制度具有相当的弹性可供操作。一些非常常见的情况包括但不仅限于审稿人对熟人的照顾、审稿人对某些国家作者的歧视等。正因为如此海外大牛课题组的工作学习经历才变得重要，当一个作者熟识了许多同行，在Peer review中就更有可能得到正面的评价。而这样的结果也导致了高质量期刊存在相当一部分没什么意义的灌水文章，而一些很出色的论文只能发表到次等的期刊上。如前文已经提到的，Peer review只供参考，副主编的的决定才是关键因素。副主编在论文的评审过程中权利过大，而且同行评议又不是一个透明的过程，存在暗箱操作的可能性。举个例子也许会比较容易理解。假设某作者有一篇论文投稿，但是副主编自己也在进行这个工作并且即将完成，或者副主编对这个作者本人存在偏见，那么副主编就可以同时将论文发给多个审稿人，然后忽视掉其中赞同的意见，将其中持反对态度的审稿人意见发送给作者并作为拒收论文的依据，这是现实中已经发生过的情况。再举个例子。前段时间有一个教授，在投稿时将Cover letter末尾的推荐审稿人联系方式的邮件地址都改成了自己注册的类似的邮件地址，然后自己审核自己的论文……

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