设计类发表的英文论文

The relationship between painting and design of Thoughts    Abstract: This paper analyzes the painting and design of the mission, characteristics, similarities and differences and development, objective and profound, scientifically described the relationship between the two.    Key words: graphic design mission relations    Artists and designers will sometimes cause some controversy. Some believe that painting and design belong to art, as long as martial art, engaging in design is not a problem; while another view is: just by painting the foundation to engage in the design is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously consider the mission of both painting and design, clarify the various relationships between them, this is art and design education and practice of such constructive.    First, painting and design characteristics, mission, distinguish    Although the painting and design are both creative activities, but have their own characteristics and mission.    Specifically, the painting has been watching the feature, reflecting the ideological, spiritual, emotional catharsis and aesthetic expression, etc., so, drawing a non-material, non-utilitarian, non-pragmatic. Innovation is the art of life, and achieved through personalization reflects, at all times and each have a distinguished painter had a very personalized creative works, showing his typical style and features. Painters (especially modernist painter), in order to demonstrate the vitality of work, according to their wishes, in the skills, materials and tools, applications as they please without considering his work can not be understood by, enjoy, accept or endorse . In this regard, Van Gogh is a typical master as he created a lot of great, but at the time could not be widely accepted.    The design has a distinct practical value, the production design, development and commercial activity has accompanied it, along with the commodity economy, intense competition occurs. Multi-level design is embodied in the rational thinking is reflected in the design and function of the first question, through science and technology, materials, technology, machinery, comprehensive level of industrial production, production of various products and ultimately satisfy the consumer society essential for survival of the material needs and spiritual needs. Therefore, the design is the material, utilitarian and practical, is not fully seat of your pants to complete, but more needs to accept and obey the general consumer's needs, culture, taste and lifestyle. For example, various types of electrical appliances from design to production, from market to consumer use, the whole design process reflects the need to consider various factors such as design, planning, marketing, consumption, production, cost, corporate culture, brand, design ideas, design styles and trends and other issues, to find the best expression, the designer's vision into a consumer to accept and adopt the reality.    Second, similarities and differences between art and design    Painting and design are two major branches of art, they share a common, belong to the creative activity, but there are essential differences, the relationship between the two belong to two different types of relationships between industry, specifically in the following aspects.    First of all, painting and design making and implementation in process there is different way. Although the painting is an art, but the whole painting

好不容易上完四年大学，最后写论文了还得让别人写！~唉......自己反省吧

你好， foreknown下文从工业设计属性出发，讲到发展进程，立法权益保护还有产品设计的相关内容，字数有限，希望能多给你参考，期望能帮得上你。Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and sales.The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States.Definition of industrial design Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909 A Braun stereo Vox Phantom guitar, 1962General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.In Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Industrial Designers Society of America).Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process.According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange."Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, the Jeep, the Fender Stratocaster, the Coke bottle, and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited examples.Industrial design also has a focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.Product design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft.Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired. Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from there.LegislationsIndiaIndia's Design Act, 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS agreement. The new act, (earlier Patent and Design Act, 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional, or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manualal or mechanical or chemical, separate or combimed, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of construction.CanadaCanada's industrial design act affords ten years of protection to industrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not registered. The Industrial Design Act (R.S., c. I-8) defines "design" or "industrial design" to mean features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.During the existence of an exclusive right, no person can "make, import for the purpose of trade or business, or sell, rent, or offer or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered." The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published designs.United KingdomIn addition to the design protection available under Community designs, UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design right. The unregistered right, which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 years. The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。United StatesU.S. design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian objects. Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey, may be covered by copyright -- a form of intellectual property of much longer duration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is created. In some circumstances, rights may also be acquired in trade dress, but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary meaning." It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the merits.Product designProduct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products in a more systematic approach. The role of a product designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager, product manager, industrial designer and design engineer.The term is sometimes confused with industrial design, which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities, such as service design, systems design, interaction design as well as product design.[citation needed] The role of the product designer combines art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods. This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the past.Skills neededProduct designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring products from conception to market. They should have the ability to manage design projects, and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design industry. Aesthetics is considered important in Product Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology, ergonomics, usability, stress analysis and materials engineering.As with most of the design fields the idea for the design of a product arises from a need and has a use. It follows a certain method and can sometimes be attributed to more complex factors such as association and telesis. Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).ApplicationSome companies or individuals have particularly strong feel for developing new products than others. In the modern world these include especially technological companies like iRobot, Google or Nokia. Many product designers are strategic assets to companies that need to maintain a competitive edge in innovation.

1.引言景观设计是环境设计的组成部分，大到绵延几十公里的风景区规划，小到十几平方米的庭院设计，都属于景观设计的范畴。本文的景观设计定位于城市景观设计的层次上，选择城市景观设计作为切入点，从中研究分析一般的设计要素和方法，是比较适宜的。近年来，我们生活的城市发生了很大的变化，大批的广场绿地、商业步行街、主题公园、街头小品出现在我们的视觉以内，影响着我们的感观和行为方式。而新建的住宅小区都以景观优美的园林作为卖点，影响着人们的思维和购买心理。景观设计已经不知不觉中走到了我们的周围，走近了我们的身边，并对我们施展着潜移默化的作用。你可以不到美术馆去欣赏艺术品，但你不得不在城市环境中行走，不得不在居住小区的环境中活动，它的景观视觉美感、造型形态、色彩、材质、以及在阳光下灯光下呈现出来的效果，时时会刺激你的目光，影响你的行为和心理的变化。一个有良好景观的城市环境、居住环境，为人们提供了物质功能和精神功能双重价值。“诗意的栖居”始终是人们内心的向往，而景观设计正式通过提高生活品质，提升生活品位，以人为主体，以空间环境为客体，构架着现实通向理想的桥梁。2.景观的概念景观（Landscape），什么是景观，无论是在西方还是在东方，都是一个美丽而难以说清的概念。哪怕是同一景象，不同的人都有不同的理解。景观是人类的栖息地，景观是人类的工艺品，景观是需要科学分析方法能被理解的物质系统，景观是有待解决的问题，景观是可以带来财富的资源，景观是反映社会伦理、道德和价值观念的意识形态，景观是历史，景观是美。我们可以从景观与人的物我关系与景观的艺术性、科学性、场所性及符号性入手，来认识景观。2.1 景观的视觉美的含义：外在人眼中的景象景观作为城市景象景观的设计与创造，实际上也就是创造城市、造建筑的城市。景观作为视觉审美对象的含义，经历了一些微妙的变化。第一个变化来源于文艺复兴时期对乡村土地的贪欲，即景观作为城市的延伸；其二则来源于工业革命中后期对城市的恐惧和憎恶，即景观作为对工业城市的对抗。景观作为城市的延伸和附属 人们最早注意到的景观是城市本身，“景观的视野随后从城市扩展到了乡村，是乡村也成为景观”。文艺复兴之前的欧洲封建领主制度将人束缚在君权之下，人被束缚在土地之中，大自然充满神秘和恐怖，且又为人类生活之母，对土地的眷恋和依赖，使得人如母亲襁褓之中的婴儿。城市资本主义的兴起使人从土地中解放出来，土地的价值从生活和生存所必须的使用价值，转变成为可以交换的商品和资源，人与土地第一次分离而成为城里人。新兴的城市贵族通过强大的资本勾画其理想的城市，同时不断的向乡村扩展，将其作为城市的附属。1420年前后发明的ts原理，使理想城市的模式成为一个完全几何、数学的围有围墙的图案。在几何中心是一个大的开放空间，被行政建筑所包围：国王的宫殿，法院的大楼，主教堂，监狱，财务大楼和军事中心。这样的理想城市是为行政办公及法律公正而设立的，是为了城市生活而设计的，是纯粹理想化的。理想城市模式与文艺复兴时期的绘画一样，遵循了严格的比例关系和美学原则。而景观作为城市的延伸，也被同样的审美标准来设计和建造，因此有了凡尔塞为代表的巴洛克造园。景观作为城市的逃避 景观作为视觉美的含义的第二个转变，源于工业化带来的城市环境的恶化。工业化本身是文艺复兴的成果，但是至少从19世纪下半叶开始，在欧洲和美国各大城市，城市环境极度恶化。城市作为文明和高雅的形象被彻底破坏。相反成为了丑陋和恐怖的场所，而自然原野和田园成为了逃避的场所。因此。作为审美对象的景观也从欣赏和赞美城市，转向爱恋和保护田园。因此才有以Olmsted为代表的景观设计师的出现和景观设计学的诞生。一般来说，这个诞生的时间被确认为是1863年5月；因此才有以倡导田园风光为主调的美国城市公园运动，和以保护自然原始美景为主导的美国国家公园体系；因此也才有霍华德那深得人心的田园城市和随后的田园郊区运动。2.2 景观的栖息地含义：内在人的生活体验景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大地上的烙印 每一景观都是人类居住的家，或者说是潜在的家。中国古代山水画把可居性作为画境和意境的最高标准。所谓的“山水有可行者，有可望者，有可居者，有可游者……但可行可望不如可居可游之为得”（郭熙、郭思《林泉高致》）。无论是作画还是赏画，实质上都是一种卜居的过程。也就是场所概念（place）的深层含义。这便又回到哲学家海得歌尔的栖居概念。栖居的过程实际上与自然的力量与过程相互作用，以便取得和谐的过程，大地上的景观是人类为了生存和生活而对自然的适应、改造和创造的结果。同时，栖居的过程也是建立在人与人和谐相处的过程。因此，作为栖息地的景观，是人与人，人与自然关系在大地上的烙印。景观是内在人的生活体验 景观作为人在其中生活的地方，把具体的人和具体的场所联系在一起。景观是由场所构成的，而场所的结构又是通过景观来表达的。与时间和空间的概念一样，场所是无处不在的，人离不开场所，场所是人于地球和宇宙中的立足之处，场所使无变为有，使抽象变具体，是人在冥冥之中有了一个认识和把握外界空间和认识及定位自己的出发点和终点。2.3 景观作为系统的含义：科学、客观的解读在一个景观系统中，至少存在着五个层次以上的生态关系：第一是景观与外部系统的关系，如哈尼族村寨的核心生态流是水。哀劳山中，山有多高，水有多深，高海拔将南太平洋的暖湿气流截而为雨，在被灌溉，饮用和洗涤利用之后，流到干热的红河谷地，而后蒸腾、蒸发回大气，经降雨又回到本景观之中，从而有了经久不衰的元阳梯田和山上茂密的丛林，这是全球及区域生态系统科学研究的对象。根据Lovelock的盖娅理论，大地本来是一个生命体：地表、空气、海洋和地下水等通过各种生物的物理的和化学的过程，维持着一个生命的地球。第二是景观内部各个元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。来自大气的雨、雾，经过村寨上丛林的截流、涵养，成为终年不断的涓涓细流，最先被引入寨中人所共饮的蓄水池；再流经家家户户门前的洗涤池，汇入寨中和寨边的池塘，那里是耕牛沐浴和养鱼的场所，最后富含养分的水流，被引入寨子下方的层层梯田，灌溉着他们的主要作物——水稻。这种水平生态过程，包括水流、物种流、营养流与景观空间格局的关系，正是景观生态学的主要研究对象。第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系，如丛林作为一个森林生态系统，水塘作为一个水域生态系统，梯田本身作为一个农田系统，其内部结构与物质和能量流的关系，这是一种在系统边界明确情况下的垂直生态关系，其结构是食物链和营养阶，功能是物质循环和能量流动，这是生态系统生态学的研究对象。第四种生态关系则存在于生命和环境之间，包括植物与植物个体之间与群体之间的竞争、共生关系，是生物对环境的适应，及个体与群体的进化和演替过程，这便是植物生态、动物生态、个体生态、种群生态所研究的对象。第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系，这是人类生态学所要讨论的。当然，人类本身的复杂性，包括其社会、文化、政治性以及心理因素都使得人与人、人与自然的关系变得十分复杂。已远非人类生态本身所能解决，因此又必须借助社会学、文化生态、心理学、行为学等学科对景观进行研究。城市景观作为一个生态系统，几乎包含了所有上诉生态过程，而成为城市生态学的研究对象。2.4 景观作为符号的含义：人类理想和历史的书人类是符号动物，景观是一个符号传播的媒体，是有含义的，它记载着一个地方的历史，包括自然和社会历史；讲述着动人的故事，包括美丽的或者是凄惨的故事；讲述着土地的归属，也讲述着人与土地，人与人，以及人与社会的关系，因此行万里路，如读万卷书。这本书是由符号和语言写成的，“景观具有语言的所有特征，它包含着话语中的单词和构成——形状图案、结构、材料、形态和功能。所有景观都是由这些组成的。如同单词的含义一样，景观组成的含义是潜在的，只存在于上下文中才能显示。景观语言也有方言，它可以是实用的，也可以是诗意的。海得歌尔把语言比喻成人们栖居的房子。景观语言是人类最早的语言，是人类文字及数字语言的源泉。“河出图，洛出书”固然是一个神话传说，但它却生动的说明了中国文字与数字起源于对自然景观中自然物及现象的观察和启示的过程。同文字语言一样，景观语言可以用来说，读和书写，为了生存和生活——吃、住、行、求偶和生殖，人类发明了景观语言，如同文字语言一样，景观语言是社会的产物。景观语言是为了交流信息和情感的，同时也是为了庇护和隔离的，景观语言所表达的含义只能部分地为外来者所读懂，而有很大部分只能为自己族群的人所共享，从而在交流中维护了族群内部的认同，而有效的抵御外来者的攻击。景观中的基本名词是石头、水、植物、动物和人工构筑物，他们的形态、颜色、线条和质地是形容词和状语。这些元素在空间上的不同组合，便构成了句子、文章和充满意味的书。一本关于自然的书，关于这个地方的书，以及关于景观中人的书。当然，要读懂，读者就必须要有相应的知识和文化。不同的社会文化背景的人，如同上下文关系中的景观语言一样，是有多重含义的，这都是因为人是符号的动物；而景观符号，是人类文化和理想的载体。3.景观设计的概念景观设计是指通过对环境的设计使人与自然相互协调，和谐共存。她是大工业时代的产物、科学与艺术的结晶，融合了工程和艺术、自然与人文科学的精髓，创造一个高品质的生活居住环境，帮助人们塑造一种新的生活意识，更是社会发展的趋势。3.1 景观设计所涵盖的领域景观设计具有广泛的领域，大到国土与区域规划设计，小到庭院，甚至室内的绿色空间设计；从纯自然的生态保护和恢复，到城市中心地段的空间设计，都是景观设计多涵盖的领域。以下就初步的谈一下景观设计所涵盖的领域：3.1.1城镇规划景观设计师很早就开始担当城市物质空间的规划角色，城镇规划是城市空间的中心规划。城镇规划是针对城市与乡镇的规划与设计。规划者运用区域规划技术与法规、常规规划、概念规划、土地使用研究和其他方法来确定城市地域内的布局与组织。城镇规划也涉及到“城市设计”内容，如广场、街道景观等开放空间与公共空间的发展。3.1.2场地和社区规划环境设计是景观设计专业的核心问题。涉及到居住区、商业、工业、各机构的室内空间以及公共空间等室外空间的细部设计。它把场地作为艺术研究的对象来看待，综合平衡室内与室外的软、硬表面，建筑物与植物的材料选择以及灌溉、栽培等基础设施建设和详细的构筑物的规划说明与准备等。场地规划以某一地块内的建筑和自然元素的协调与安排为基础，场地规划项目涉及单幢建筑的土地设计、办公区公园设计、购物中心或整个居住社区的地块设计等。从更大的职业范围讲，基地设计还包括基地内自然元素与人工元素的秩序性、效率性、审美性以及生态等敏感性的组织与整合。其中，基地的自然环境包括地形、植物、水系、野生动物和气候。敏感性的设计有利于减少环境压力与消耗，从而提高基地的价值。(接下面！)

品牌包装设计应从商标、图案、色彩、造型、材料等构成要素入手，在考虑商品特性的基础上，遵循品牌设计的一些基本原则，如：保护商品、美化商品、方便使用等，使各项设计要素协调搭配，相得益彰，以取得最佳的包装设计方案。如果从营销的角度出发，品牌包装图案和色彩设计是突出商品个性的重要因素，个性化的品牌形象是最有效的促销手段。 （一）包装图案的设计 包装图案中的商品图片、文字和背景的配置，必须以吸引顾客注意为中心，直接推销品牌。包装图案对顾客的刺激较之品牌名称更具体、更强烈、更有说服力，并往往伴有即效性的购买行为。它的设计要遵循的基本原则： 1．形式与内容要表里如一，具体鲜明，一看包装即可知晓商品本身。 2．要充分展示商品。这主要采取两种方式，一是用形象逼真的彩色照片表现，真实地再现商品。这在食品包装中最为流行，如巧克力、糖果、食品罐头等，逼真的彩色照片将色、味、型表现得令人搀涎欲滴；二是直接展示商品本身。全透明包装、开天窗包装在食品、纺织品、轻工产品中是非常流行的。 3．要有具体详尽的文字说明。在包装图案上还要有关于产品的原料、配制、功效、使用和养护等的具体说明，必要时还应配上简洁的示意图。 4．要强调商品形象色。不只是透明包装或用彩色照片充分表现商品本身的固有色，而是更多地使用体现大类商品的形象色调，使消费者产生类似信号反映一样的认知反映，快速地凭色彩确知包装物的内容。例如万宝路烟盒上身采用暗红色，下身是纯白色，色彩搭配醒目、突出，使人联想到西部牛仔的阳刚之气。烟盒上方饰有烫金的菲利浦?莫里斯公司的标志：两匹骏马护卫着一顶金色王冠，再加上黑色的Marlboro商标，更使人觉得万宝路气度不凡。 5．"石门家族"式的包装，要将其重点体现在包装的主要展销面。凡一家企业生产的或以同一品牌商标生产的商品，不管品种、规格、包装的大小、形状、包装的造型与图案设计，均采用同一格局，甚至同一个色调，给人以统一的印象，使顾客一望即知产品系何家品牌。 6．要注意功效设计。包装图案中的功效设计主要表现在以下方面： ①保护性能设计，包括防潮、防霉、防蛀、防震、防漏、防碎、防挤压等。 ②方便性能设计，包括要方便商店陈列，销售；方便顾客携带、使用等。 ③推销性能设计，即无需销售人员的介绍或示范，顾客只凭包装画面文图的"自我介绍"就可以了解商品，从而决定购买。 包装图案的设计手法，则要求以其简单的线条、生动的个性人物、搭配合理的色彩等给消费者留下深刻的印象。以苏格兰威士忌酒中的皇家礼炮21为例。该酒是经过21年精心酿制而成的，用蓝、红、绿三种颜色的宫庭御用精制瓷瓶盛装，瓶身上刻有持剑跨马的圆桌骑士形象，品牌商标图案上有两架礼炮，并配有苏格兰威士忌协会颁发的21年酒龄的鉴定证明，整个包装显得典雅、富贵。以至于有的人喝完酒后，将酒瓶细心地收藏起来。 包装图案设计禁忌也是一个值得注意的问题。不同的国家和地区有不同的风俗习惯和价值观念，因而也就有他们自己喜爱和禁忌的图案，产品的包装只有适应这些，才有可能赢得当地市场的认可。包装图案设计禁忌可分为人物、动物、植物和几何图形禁忌几种。这里不多赘述。 （二）包装色彩设计 色彩在包装设计中占有特别重要的地位。在竞争激烈的商品市场上，要使商品具有明显区别于其他产品的视觉特征，更富有诱惑消费者的魅力，刺激和引导消费，以及增强人们对品牌的记忆，这都离不开色彩的设计与运用。 日本色彩学专家大智浩，曾对包装的色彩设计做过深入的研究。他在《色彩设计基础》一书中，曾对包装的色彩设计提出如下八点要求： 1．包装色彩能否在竞争商品中有清楚的识别性； 2．是否很好地象征着商品内容； 3．色彩是否与其他设计因素和谐统一，有效地表示商品的品质与份量； 4．是否为商品购买阶层所接受； 5．是否是较高的明视度，并能对文字有很好的衬托作用； 6．单个包装的效果与多个包装的叠放效果如何； 7．色彩在不同市场，不同陈列环境是否都充满活力； 8．商品的色彩是否不受色彩管理与印刷的限制，效果如一。 这些要求，在商品包装的色彩设计的实践中无疑都是合乎实际的。随着消费需求的多样化、商品市场的细分化，对品牌包装设计的要求，也越来越严格和细致起来。为了更准确地掌握不同种类商品包装色彩设计的不同要求，我们可以将生活消费品划分为三大类别，分别提出色彩设计的具体要求： 第一类，奢侈品。如化妆品中的高档香水、香皂以及女性用服饰品等；男性用如香烟、酒类、高级糖果、巧克力、异国情调名贵特产等。这种商品特别要求独特的个性，色彩设计需要具有特殊的气氛感和高价、名贵感。例如法国高档香水或化妆品，要有神秘的魅力，不可思议的气氛，显示出巴黎的浪漫情调。这类产品无论包装体型或色彩都应设计得优雅大方。再如，男人嗜好的威士忌，包装设计要有18世纪法国贵族生活的特殊气氛，香烟包装设计要求有一种贵族的气质感。健牌特（KENT）香烟的烟盒遍体为白色，一座白色的古城堡耸立在一片白色之中，再配以金光灿烂的"KENT"商标，会使人联想起古老的城堡里的贵族生活。骆驼牌（CAMEL）香烟盒的底色是淡黄色，暗喻广阔的沙漠。背景图案上的金字塔和棕桐树代表古老的东方，给人一种神秘的和原始的感觉。这类商品的包装都应给人一种高价名牌的感觉。国内的"茅台酒"、"五粮液"、"沪州老窖"、"中华烟"、"云烟"等极品包装，也在设计上开始向国际名牌看齐。 第二类，日常生活所需的食品，例如罐头、饼干、调味品、咖啡、红茶等。这类商品包装的色彩设计应具备两点特征：（1）引起消费者的食欲感；（2）要刻意突出产品形象，如矿泉水包装采用天蓝色，暗示凉爽和清纯，并用全透明的塑料瓶，充分显示产品的特征。目前国内这一类型的产品以广东的食品、饮料、矿泉水等较为成功。 第三类，大众化商品，如中低档化妆品、香皂、卫生防护用品等。这类商品定位于大众化市场，其包装色彩设计要求：（1）要显示出易于亲近的气氛感；（2）要表现出商品的优质感；（3）能使消费者在短时间内辨别出该品牌。翻译：Brand packaging design should trademark, the design, color, shape, materials, consider elements in commodity characteristics, on the basis of the following a few basic principles of brand design, such as: protection products, beautification, convenient use, goods that the design elements, harmonious collocation, to obtain the best packing design scheme. If from marketing Angle, brand packaging design and color design is outstanding personality factor, the goods of individuation brand image is one of the most effective means of sales promotion.(a) packaging design of designThe commodity packaging design, text and background images of configuration, must to attract customers attention as the center, the direct selling brand. Packaging design for customer brand name of stimulating than more concrete, more intense, more convincing, and often associated with the purchase behavior that effect. Its design should follow the basic principles:1 form and content, specific to a bright, commodity packaging can be known.2 to fully display products. It mainly adopt two ways, one is using image lifelike color photograph, real ground emersion goods. The most popular in the food packaging, such as chocolate, candy, canned food, vivid color photos will be color, taste, shape with a performance that is about to drip saliary, Second is the direct show commodity itself. Fully transparent packaging, packaging in food, textiles KaiTianChuang, light industry products are very popular.3 to have specific details of the text. In the packaging design of products have on raw materials, preparation, use and maintenance etc, the specific instructions, when necessary, still should match on concise schemes.4 should emphasize merchandise image. Don't just transparent packaging or with color photographs show commodity itself, but the natural color to use more reflect categories of commodity is tonal, make consumers image reflected signals of similar, fast with cognitive reflects the packaging color assurance. Such as red, the body USES marlboro cigerrat case, who is pure white color collocation, smart, reminiscent of cowboy Yang gang. The above cigerrat case with bronzing Phillip? Mark: two morris horse in a golden crown guards, plus the black Marlboro trademark, make the person feels Marlboro noble.5. "the family" shimen packaging, will the focus embodies in the main sales package. Every one of the enterprise in the same brand trademark or production of goods, regardless of the varieties, specifications, packaging, packaging of size, shape modelling and designs, all the same pattern, even the same color, give a person with unified impression, make customer looked at how knowledge product that brand.6 should pay attention to the function design. The design of packaging design main effect in the following aspects:1 protection performance design, including the moistureproof, mouldproof and moth-proofing, shockproof, leakproof, broken, extrusion etc.Convenient performance design, including 2 convenient stores display, sales, The convenience of our customers, use, etc.3 sales performance design, namely no sales personnel introduction or demonstration, and only by customers in figure "packaging picture can introduce", thus decided to buy goods.Packaging design, the design methods for its simple lines, lively personality, reasonable collocation of colour to the consumer impressed. The royal Scottish whisky to salute 21 for example. Wine is made by 21 years carefully, blue, red, and green color palace royal porcelain, refined engraved with the sword across the body of the knights of the horse, the brand trademark logo image has two salute, and equipped with scotch whisky association awarded the age of 21 years wine, appraisement, appear elegant. That some people drink alcohol, will be collected carefully bottles.Packaging designs is a noteworthy taboo. Different countries and regions have different customs and values, and also have their own love and taboo of design, product packaging only adapt to these, it will be possible to win the local market acceptance. Packaging designs can be divided into tabu characters, animals, plants and geometry are taboo. Here small etc.(2) the packaging color designColor in packaging design occupies an important role. In the fierce competition in the market, to make the goods with obvious difference in visual features, the other products more rich tempt consumers charm, stimulate and guide consumption, and strengthen the memory of brand, without colorific design and application.Japanese expert of colour of packaging, big ZhiHao of color design had in-depth research. In his book "the color design basis for packaging, proposed the following eight color design requirements:1 in the packaging color can be clearly competition recognition,2 if well symbolizes commodity content,3 if colour with other design factors effectively, harmonious and unified quality and quantity of the goods said,4 if accepted for commodities purchased class,5 if higher MingShi degree, and can have very good foil characters;6 a single package and multiple packaging folded.when effect,7. In different markets, different color display environment are full of vigor,8. The goods are not whether colour printing color management and the limit, the effect.These requirements, the colour of commodity packaging design in the practice are practical undoubtedly. With the consumption demand of diversification, commodity market differentiation, brand packaging design requirement, also more and more rigorous and careful. In order to accurately grasp the different kinds of different commodity packaging color design requirements, we can be divided into three categories of consumer goods are put forward, color design requirements:The first kind, luxury. If the high-grade perfume, cosmetics soap and women use garment; etc. Men with such as cigarette, wine, senior sweets, chocolate, rare and exotic emotional appeal. This special requirement unique individual character, color design has special atmosphere and high, rare. E.g. cosmetics, high-grade perfume or mysterious charm, incredible atmosphere, showing the romantic emotional appeal in Paris. This kind of product regardless of color or size package should be designed and elegant. Be like again, men's hobby whisky, packaging design should have the 18th century French noble life special atmosphere, cigarette packaging design requirements have a noble temperament. KENT attractions (iv) of cigarettes, a white white was the ancient castle stands in a white, match again with golden "KENT" trademark, can make a person associate with old castle of noble life. CAMEL (CAMEL) of cigarette background is flaxen, implying the vast desert. On the background of the pyramid and palm trees represents the ancient Oriental, give a person a kind of mystery and original feeling. This kind of commodity packaging should give a person a kind of high brand sense. Domestic "maotai", "wu liang ye", "Shanghai", "the old cellar state", "clouds" cigarette packaging, also in such gourmet design began to international brand.Second, the daily life of canned foods, such as needed, biscuits, spices, coffee, tea, etc. This kind of commodity packaging color design should have two characteristics: (1) the appetite of consumers, (2) for outstanding product image, such as water, implied by sky-blue packed with cool and pure, transparent plastic bottles, fully displays the characteristics of the products. At present domestic this type of products in guangdong food, drink, mineral water relatively successful.The third kind, popular commodities, such as cheap soap, cosmetics, health protection products, etc. For this kind of commodity market, its mass located in packaging color design requirements: (1) to show the intimate atmosphere, (2) should show commodity quality sense, (3) can make consumers identify within short time the brand. 查到的求好评