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Diet idea the Europeans said that in the world has three big good food, in each edition has China and France, only then actually had different explanations about third, has said that was Italy, also had said that was countries' and so on Turkey, Tunisia or Morocco. Although reaches a stalemate, but everybody has a mutual recognition, the diet often can reflect the different nationality aspect and so on habits and customs and cultural thought differences. one time hosts the banquet in the Chinese restaurant, on the hotel vegetable very slowly, unconscious has passed for nearly two hours, but the vegetable has as if only then gotten up half. Is first time attends the Chinese meal banquet near a place woman, cannot bear asks me, your Chinese treats on these many vegetables? I said that must be many in China, usually is above 10. She is very surprised, including said that China's banquet too has been really rich, China's good food is very no wonder famous. But after a while, she also asks me, has a phenomenon to be very strange: The Chinese eats meal each time on that many vegetables, can be why long so thinly. But France enters the vegetable to be very each time few, but is why fatter than the Chinese? I am at a loss for words for a while, but thought that she asks how many truth a little, because that day shares a table several Chinese appear quite emaciated, but several French are all tall and sturdy. Thinks that spoke an own idea with her: China is a hospitable nationality, only then on a table vegetable had only then thought that has not neglected the visitor. Sometimes moreover the Chinese pays great attention the form, therefore in China's cooking, the vegetable style is ever changing, makes concrete is fastidious about the color fragrance to each vegetable matching. But European as if some, are inferior to China obviously actually in the vegetable variety change high and low free time, what but is fastidious is its nutrition matching and the protection. This is, the French diet idea important difference, how many also reflected the French chemical property standard difference. each people have the color which to color understanding oneself like, a country and the nationality are also same, likes to the different color being possible to reflect a national or the national esthetic appeal and the likes and dislikes tendency overall. has one time bumps into an EU commission's pair of professor husbands and wives, mentions China national dress which in the Shanghai APEC conference various countries' leader puts on, they said are attractive, but has a point to be not too clear, why do the Asian leaders mostly put on red, but the Western leader has chosen the blue color. I said that the color is leader designates. The Asian country has the same cultural context probably, red in the Chinese culture, is also possibly representing lucky, the wealth in the entire Asian culture and propitious pleasant, therefore the Asian leaders as if by prior agreement have chosen red. I ask in reply them, what does the blue color represent in the Western culture? They said the westerner to believe that the blue color represents is calm and is calm. thinks that I also said the East and West cultural difference was really too big, for example the dragon in China was nationality's symbol, but had one in Belgium's Mongolian Si Shize to hit the dragon festival, the dragon is regarded as the devil, has been massacred by fable in protection sacred · Michelle, therefore did specially hits the dragon festival to congratulate that eliminated the disaster shortcoming to thank Michelle. Professor husbands and wives also approves the East and West cultural difference hugeness, and approves the culture to need to exchange. in thinking mode West's cultural difference also displays in many aspects, but simple summarizes is not actually complex: Reflected that to the thinking mode in is abstract and the embodiment difference, reflected that to the life manner in as if may understand is more practical for the westerner, but Chinese how many stresses some mental feeling. For instance compares French word and Chinese writing, this point is very obvious. The Chinese writing makes the word to pay great attention the image much, what but in the French more pays great attention to consider is the use value. Looks like in Chinese the name card, in the French translates literally is the card which the visit uses, but the aircraft carrier calls in the French to carry airplane's warship and so on, is embarks from the actual uses makes the word. But presses the glass plate which likely the picture uses, we are also the words which makes from its use value angle, but the French has been more direct-viewing, the literal translation is “places above the picture”. reflects to the drawing in is so. Everybody knew that the traditional Chinese painting greatly opens big he, splashes ink enjoyably the human body proportion which and optics principle is fastidious with the European oil painting and so on completely belongs to the technical category which two have nothing to do with one another, is as if very difficult to have the common language. Sometimes the European not too can understand that sometimes we too abstract art expression means that we also will think European's artistic skill too practical duty, deficient divine and wonderful spirit. Looked that sometimes in many European drawing history has been presented for the classics religious theme painting, the Chinese while sighs its technique practical exquisite, also will sigh with emotion European master the imagination the deficiency: In order to explain that the angel is flying, must give these lovable young and clevers to add on a pair of wing. But our ancestor has not also drawn several thousand years, how many white clouds adds on nearby these beautiful female celestial, they have not flown? Has the ideal condition, has the imagination space. this is the cultural difference. But, the difference brings not always the difference, it gave culture masters of art to leave behind the broad creation space exactly, if could find an accurate combining site, not only that will give two nationalities, will also give the entire world to bring one kind to have forgives the significance the harmony and beautiful, for instance Zhao Wuji's painting manifested the inexhaustible charm which the culture blended 饮食观念 欧洲人都说世界上有三大美食，每一个版本里都有中国和法国的，只有关于第三家却说法不一，有说是意大利的，也有说是土耳其、突尼斯或摩洛哥等国的。尽管相持不下，但大家都有个共识，饮食常能反映出不同民族的生活习惯和文化思维等方面的差异。 一次在中餐馆举行宴会，饭店菜上得很慢，不知不觉中过去了近两个小时，但菜似乎才上了一半。临座的一位女士是第一次参加中餐宴会，忍不住问我，你们中国人请客都上这么多菜吗？我说，在中国还要多，通常是10道以上。她很惊讶，连说中国的宴会实在太丰富了，难怪中国的美食很有名。但过了一会儿，她又问我，有个现象很奇怪：中国人吃饭每次都上那么多菜，可为什么都长得那么瘦。而法国入每次菜很少，但为什么都比中国人胖呢？ 我一时语塞，但又觉得她问得多少有点道理，因为那天同桌的几个中国人都显得比较瘦弱，而几个法国人个个人高马大。想了想，和她讲了自己的一点想法：中国是个好客的民族，只有上了一桌子菜才觉得没怠慢客人。另外中国人有时候更注重形式，所以在中国的烹调里，菜的样式千变万化，具体到每一道菜又非常讲究色香味的搭配。而欧洲人似乎更实际一些，在菜的花色变化上下的工夫显然不如中国，但讲究的是其营养的搭配和保护。这是中、法饮食观念的重要差异，多少也反映出了中法文化性格的不同。 对色彩的认识 每个人都有自己喜欢的颜色，一个国家和民族也一样，对不同颜色的喜好从整体上可以反映出一个民族或者国家的审美情趣与好恶倾向。 有一次碰到欧盟委员会的一对教授夫妇，谈起上海APEC会议上各国领导人穿的中国民族服装，他们都说非常好看，但有一点不太明白，为什么亚洲领导人大多穿红色，而西方领导人则多选择了蓝色。我说颜色都是领导人自己选定的。大概亚洲国家有着相同的文化背景，红色在中国文化里，也可能在整个亚洲文化中都代表着幸运、财富和吉祥如意，所以亚洲领导人都不约而同地选择了红色。我反问他们，蓝色在西方文化里代表什么?他们说西方人认为，蓝色代表冷静和沉着。 想了想，我又补充说东西方文化差异实在是太大了，比如说龙在中国是民族的象征，而在比利时的蒙斯市则有一个打龙节，龙被视作恶魔，被传说中的保护神圣·米歇尔杀掉了，因此特意搞打龙节来庆贺除灾弊感谢米歇尔。教授夫妇也非常认同东西方文化差异的巨大，并认可文化需要交流。 思维方式 中西方的文化差异还表现在诸多方面，但简单加以概括其实并不复杂：反映到思维方式上是抽象和具象的差别，反映到生活态度上则似乎可以理解为西方人更加实用，而中国人则多少更偏重一些精神感受。比如把法语单词和中文文字加以比较，这一点就很明显。中国文字造词多注重形象，而法文里更多地注重考虑的是实用价值。像中文里的名片，法文里直译就是访问用的卡片，而航空母舰在法文里叫载飞机的军舰等等，都是从实际用途出发来造词的。而像压照片用的玻璃板，我们也是从其使用价值角度来造的词，但法国人就更加直观了，直译就是“放在照片上面的”。 反映到绘画上更是如此。大家都知道中国画的大开大阖、泼墨写意和欧洲油画讲究的人体比例和光学原理等完全是属于两个风马牛不相及的技术范畴，似乎很难有共同语言。欧洲人有时不太能够理解我们过于抽象的艺术表现手法，我们有时也会认为欧洲人的艺术技巧过于写实本分，缺乏灵气。看多了欧洲绘画史上被奉为经典的宗教题材画作，中国人有时在感叹其技法写实细腻的同时，也会感慨欧洲大师们想象力的贫乏：为了说明天使在飞，就非得给那些可爱的小精灵们加上一双翅膀。而我们的祖先不也画了几千年了吗，在那些美丽的仙女旁边加上几朵白云，她们不就飞起来了吗?多有意境，多有想象空间啊。 这就是文化的差异。但是，差异带来的并不总是分歧，它恰恰给文化艺术大师们留下了广阔的创作空间，如能从中找到一个准确的结合点，那不仅会给两个民族，而且也会给整个世界带来一种更具包涵意义的和谐与美丽，比如赵无极的画作就体现出了文化交融的无尽魅力。
时间有限，只说一下自己在墨西哥这边儿了解到的食物，自己写的，估计语法有误……仅供参考哈…… - -||||||Mention to Mexico food,three things come up to my mind first:tacos,mole and chile. "Taco"is the typical food of Mexico.If you didn't try tacos,you cannnot say you have been to Mexico.Tacos are something like Chinese cake with all kinds of meat and animal bowels.We can say that tacos are the tranditional fast-food of Mexico. "Mole"is a kind of tranditional sause.It is always made of chile,chocolate and a lot of flavors.Real good mole can give you a very special feeling.You can feel the character of Mexicans through the taste of mole:hot,welcoming and optimistic. There are mainly three kinds of chile in Mexico:green,red and yellow. The green one is the least spicy one and the yellow one is the spiciest.Most of them are very spicy.You feel your tounge is burning and it seems that fire are ready to burst out from your mouth.It really hurts.Mexicans like chile,all most in every dishes,they have spicy taste.For breakfast,"huego mexicano con frijoles"is a typical breakfast."Huego mexicano con frijoles"is spanish,you mix the eggs,chile and tomatos together,and then stir fry them,that is "huego mexicano",and then served with beans paste. After all,Mexican food are various.Cactus,tortia,posori,manudo,gordito,arroz con leche...really too much.You can't know how delicious they are unless you taste them yourself... ^_^
Real Mexican food is quite unlike the dishes found in most Mexican and Tex-Mex restaurants in other countries. In tourist areas you’ll find restaurants with familiar names and gringo menus, though the offerings will often be over-priced and not of a high standard.If you have a taste for adventure you’ll be well rewarded in Mexico; if not stick to a few simple and traditional dishes that are almost always excellent and not too spicy. You’ll find standards much higher than if you search the menus for something familiar.Mexican cuisine has some superb rich or spicy dishes, but we recommend that you take it easy for the first few days until your stomach has grown accustomed to its new environment.Upset stomachs are commonly associated with unpurified water used in ice or used to wash salads and fruit, stressful traveling, or simply bacteria different to those at home. Mexicans also suffer when they travel abroad, and if you stay in Mexico for more than a few weeks you may even experience the same acclimatization disorders when you reach home.Once you’ve settled down, however, do try some of the regional specialties. It’s all part of the experience, and for many people Mexican food is one of the great attractions of a vacation.
1 South Korea's kimchi practice :The world-renowned Korean kimchi, Korea has become basically the signs.韩国泡菜的韩国语读音：“听其” South Korea's kimchi Korean pronunciation: "listen to his"配料：大白菜、蒜、盐、鱼露、辣椒粉、糖。 Ingredients: Chinese cabbage, garlic, salt, fish sauce, chili powder, sugar.注意：鱼露是最必不可少的东西，也是为什么中国的酸辣泡菜和韩国泡菜最不同的地方，在韩国几乎家家自己做鱼露，中国人不吃这个东西，不过在大的超市里面有卖的，大约8-10元一瓶，多半是泰国的鱼露。 Note: The sauce is the most essential thing is the reason why the Chinese hot and sour kimchi and Korean kimchi to the greatest difference, almost every family in South Korea to do their own fish sauce, Chinese people do not eat this thing, but in the big supermarkets inside There are sales of about 8-10 yuan a bottle, most of the fish sauce in Thailand.准备材料: To prepare materials:1.白菜 1. Cabbage白菜绿叶多，表皮薄，叶子密实，没有过多需要去除的外层叶子，看起来既干净又新鲜的为上选。 Chinese cabbage leaves, thin sheet, leaf density, there is no need to remove too much of the outer leaves, it looks clean and fresh for the last election. 储藏白菜以有绿叶，看起来新鲜的白菜为宜，新产的白菜越大越好，秋季白菜以大小适中，结球程度好，重量重的为好。 Storage Empoasca have to cabbage, Chinese cabbage fresh look is appropriate, the new production of the better Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage in the fall to size, the degree of cabbage, heavy weight for good. 白菜不仅含有丰富的维生素或矿物质，还含有各种具有多种药理作用的成分。 Chinese cabbage is not only rich in vitamins or minerals, but also contain a variety of pharmacological effects with a variety of ingredients. 据学术论文发表，白菜中含有的methyLmethionine是蛋氨酸的生物活性物质，对动脉硬化症具有疗效，而methyLsysteinsuLfoxid具有强化胆固醇的效果。 According to published academic papers, cabbage contains methyLmethionine the Met is the biological active substance, with effects on atherosclerosis, and methyLsysteinsuLfoxid have to strengthen the effectiveness of cholesterol.2. 萝卜 2. Radish萝卜主要由水分组成，含有丰富的维生素C和消化酶—淀粉糖化酶素，若生吃，则有助于消化。 Radish by water, rich in vitamin C and digestive enzymes - starch-glucoamylase, if raw, it helps digestion. 与萝卜心相比，维生素C主要分布在萝卜皮上，因此最好不要削皮，洗净后食用。 With the heart radish, vitamin C mainly in the Luobu Pi, so best not to peel, wash after eating. 萝卜以粗大而均匀、无疤痕、新鲜、色泽光润、肉质结实柔软、不太辣、有甜味的为上选。 The big carrot in uniform, no scars, fresh color Guangrun, succulent fruit is soft, not too spicy, sweet as the last election.3.辣椒 3. Pepper辣椒除胡萝卜素和维生素C之外，还含有多种成分。 In addition to the chili carotene and vitamin C, also contains a variety of ingredients. 辣椒素具有杀菌及除菌作用，能够促进唾液或胃液的分泌，促进消化。 Capsaicin has a role in sterilization and disinfection, saliva or be able to promote the secretion of gastric juice, and promote digestion. 此外，还具有提高体内各种代谢作用。 In addition, it has to raise all kinds of body metabolism. 腌制泡菜时使用的辣椒面宜选用在阳光底下晒干的色泽鲜红、肉质厚、表皮光润的尖椒。 Kimchi pickled pepper powder used in the selection should be dried in the sun under the bright red color, thick flesh, skin Guangrun Pepper's.4.大蒜 4. Garlic大蒜的源产地是中亚地区，是属于百合科的葱类，蒜头在地下。 Garlic is the source of origin in Central Asia, belongs to the Liliaceae onion category, and garlic in the ground. 蒜头被淡褐色的蒜皮包围，内部有5~6个小蒜瓣。 The garlic was light brown skin surrounded by garlic, there are 5 to 6 small Suanban. 普通农家栽培的代表性的土产品种是作为晚熟品种的六瓣蒜和多瓣蒜，以及长茎蒜。 The General cultivation of farm products represented as a late-maturing varieties are 6 species of garlic and garlic Duoban, as well as the long stems and garlic. 制作泡菜时多使用味道辛辣的多瓣蒜，而制作咸蒜或使用蒜叶时多使用长茎蒜。 Making more use of kimchi, when Duo Ban spicy garlic flavor, and the production of garlic salt or garlic when the leaves to make more use of long-stem garlic. 蒜中的主要刺激成分— 丙亚硫酸盐的杀菌力为碳酸的15倍，具有促进新陈代谢，镇痛、便秘、解毒等各种作用。 Garlic in the main components of stimulus - C sulfite sterilization of the force carbonate for 15 times, with the promotion of metabolism, pain, constipation, such as the role of detoxification.5.葱 5. Onions普通蔬菜是碱性，但葱含有丰富的硫磺，属于酸性食品。 Ordinary vegetables are alkaline, but the onions are rich in sulfur, acidic foods belong to. 葱是难以储藏的蔬菜，含水量为80%左右。 The green is difficult to store vegetables, the water content of 80%. 葱的绿色部分还含有丰富的维生素A和C。 Green onions also part of the rich in vitamins A and C. 因为葱的刺激成分中含有硫磺和丙化合物，具有杀菌、杀虫效果。 Onions because of the stimulating ingredients containing sulfur compounds and C, with sterilization, the effects of pesticides. 大葱挑选根茎粗大而新鲜的，细葱挑选叶子短而新鲜的。 The selection of roots and thick green onions fresh, fine selection of green leaves and fresh short. 两种葱同以葱白部分长而粗，有光泽的为宜。 Two very light blue to green onions with some of the long, thick, shiny appropriate.6.生姜 6. Ginger生姜与食醋、酱油、盐、蜂蜜等相合，不损伤食品固有的味道。 And ginger vinegar, soy sauce, salt, honey, such as consistency, does not damage the natural flavor of food. 水分占80%左右，含有丰富的无机物。 Water accounts for about 80%, rich in inorganic substances. 具有特有的香味和辛辣味道，其中辛辣味出自名为生姜素的物质，具有健胃发汗的特效，还有助于减肥。 Has a unique aroma and taste bitter, pungent flavor from the ginger-known material with Jianwei effects of sweating, but also contribute to weight loss. 瓣粗大、曲折不多，表皮薄而透明，纤维少的生姜不辛辣、水分多而柔软。 Large valve, not many twists and turns, the thin transparent skin, and less fiber of ginger is not hot, water and more soft.7.刺海松 7. Thorn Haisong是寄生在浅海边的绿藻类，整体呈深绿色，触感较光滑，钙和磷的含量比适中。 Is a parasitic in the shallow sea of green algae, and the overall dark green, smooth touch than that of calcium and phosphorus content than moderate. 腌制储藏白菜时使用。 Used to store pickled cabbage.8.盐 8. Salt盐在人类至今所利用的调味品中历史最悠久、最重要的。 Salt in human so far with the use of spices in the oldest, the most important thing. 因为盐不仅调节食品的咸淡，在营养或生理等方面都是其他物质无法代替的。 Salt not only because of the brackish regulation of food, nutrition and physical and so can not be replaced by other substances. 人体吸收的盐转化为钠和氯气，进入血液、消化液、组织液发挥渗透压作用，并参与酸度调节和神经肌肉的兴奋性调节。 The human body to absorb the salt into sodium and chlorine, into the blood, digestive juice, tissue fluid play the role of osmotic pressure, acidity and participate in the regulation of muscle and nerve excitability regulation.9. 鱼虾酱汁 9. Fish sauce是一种储藏发酵食品，储藏期间蛋白质分解为氨基酸，生成固有的味道和香气。 Is a kind of fermented food storage, storage period for the decomposition of protein amino acids to produce the inherent flavor and aroma. 鲜鱼的刺分解为易于吸收的钙，脂肪转化为挥发性脂肪酸，生成酱汁特有的味道和香气。 The fish gill broken down into easy-to-absorption of calcium into volatile fatty acids to produce sauce unique aroma and taste. 鱼虾酱汁作为优质的蛋白质和钙、脂肪质的供应源，是钙含量高的碱性食品，具有中和体液的重要作用。 Fish and shrimp sauce as a high-quality protein and calcium, fat quality of the source of supply is high calcium content of basic foods, and has an important role in the body fluids. 使用最普遍的虾酱，因脂肪少，所以清淡，凤尾鱼酱的脂肪和所需氨基酸的含量和热量最高。 The most common use of shrimp paste, as a result of less fat, so light, anchovy sauce and fat content of the amino acid requirements and the highest heat.步骤： :第一步：买5斤大白菜，分成一片一片的，用适量的盐腌起来，放大约15-24小时，白菜萎缩了以后最初步的的材料就好了。 The first step: 5 to buy Chinese jin, into a piece, with the amount of salted, put about 15-24 hours, cabbage after the initial contraction of the material would be enough.第二步：找一个能翻得转的大锅，把蒜磨细（多一点，五斤大白菜大约3两蒜），辣椒粉（根据自己口味而定），然后放糖，鱼露（就像放酱油那样多），根据自己的口味还可以再放一些盐。 The second step: to find a big turn of a switch, ground garlic (a little more, about 3 Wujin two Chinese garlic), chili powder (according to their tastes may be), then sugar, fish sauce (on the Put as many as soy sauce), according to their own tastes can also add some salt. 把这些调料放在一起掺和搅和，就像和饺子馅一下就可以了。 These blending together seasoning mix, like dumplings and filling about it.第三步：发酵发酵要密封，发酵的时间视温度而定，一般春天4-5天，夏天3天，冬天就需要一个星期了 The third step: to seal fermentation fermentation, the fermentation time as the temperature may be generally 4-5 days in the spring, summer, 3 days a week in winter on the第四步：品尝美味的佳肴，注意的是请不要放得太久，建议单身的朋友做好以后一定要与朋友一起分享，要不然一个人吃不完放坏了就可惜了。 Step four: a taste of delicious food, noted that for too long, please do not put the proposed single friends to do a good job after we must share with friends, or else a person could not finish eating take pity on the bad.2法国鹅肝Traditional French foie gras production methods to make a brief introduction: gras (about 1300 grams) on the surface of the skin divisible, cut open and remove the blood vessels gras, sprinkled salt (12 grams), pepper (amount), Sugar (4 grams), cardamom powder (amount), about half an hour after applying brandy (a spoon), pickled to be about 2 hours later, into Pan, into the oven baking (oven temperature control 140 or so) take about 1 hour later, another home in the Pan-Pan air, the heavier objects will be top-down pressure-foie gras, the to be cooled into the refrigerator freezer, the food section when the mold. 这里需说明的是鹅肝酱并不是将鹅肝制成糊酱类的调味料，法式料理中的“鹅肝酱”是类似于我国的“糕”或“冻”之类，如“猪耳糕”、“水晶肴蹄”在成形上与它有相似之处。 Here take note of the foie gras is not gras will be made of class miso paste sauce, French cuisine in the "foie gras" is similar to China's "cake" or "cold" and the like, such as "fournieri Cake, "" crystal shoe confusion "in the shape it with similar. 一般来说，鹅肝酱用于煎菜最多，也常与面包或土司一起搭配食用。 In general, pan-fried foie gras for most dishes, often with bread or toast along with food. 目前在市场上的鹅肝酱有铁罐装和玻璃装两种，保质期约在2—3年，选择时以鹅肝酱中的块状愈大愈结实的愈好。 In the current market canned foie gras iron and glass mounted two in the shelf-life of about 2-3 years, the choice of foie gras in order to block the more solid the more the better. 需注意的是，市面上有许多产品并非是单纯的鹅肝酱，而是杂有其他成分的“杂肝酱” It must be noted is that there are many products on the market is not a simple foie gras, but there are other miscellaneous components of the "miscellaneous liver sauce"3土耳其烤肉Turkey's popular barbecue, with a special sauce for beef, mutton, pork, chicken marinated for soaking, use a thick iron bar a piece of meat to flee, causing a tower of meat, brush Oil, fire in the barbecue, Mnjikaning taste of life. 经过欧美美食家的独特改良，现今出现了旋转式烤肉机，烤熟的肉从肉塔上一片片削下。 Europe and the United States through the unique gourmet improved, appeared in today's rotary barbecue, Kao Shu meat from the tower on a piece of meat under the cut. 佐以沙拉，配料夹面饼食用。 Accompanied by salad, ingredients of food cake folder. 美味多滋，色泽鲜亮。 Zi and more delicious, bright color.还有什么？？
1、不要用中国式的思维去写英文句子。2、套用老外的写作思路（比如前言第1段写对疾病的认识及重要性，第2段对基本背景知识的介绍，第3段如何引出研究问题。讨论部分往往每一段第一句为该段的中心句）。3、格式一定要严格按照所投杂志的要求来排版（可以参考投稿须知的要求和该杂志最近发表的文章，要做到一模一样，这样编辑认为你是认真对待的）。4、避免使用首次发现，该研究特别有意义的语句（老外喜欢你陈述事实，是不是首次发现由别人说了算，有没有意义需要时间来检验）。5、首页有什么特殊要求？比如是否写清了通讯作者（Corresponding author）和页眉标题（Running title），Running title是否符合字符数要求，一般50个字符以下。首页是否要求标明全文字符数（The number of characters must be listed on the title page）。首页是否要求提供关键词（Key words)，现在很多杂志在正式出版的时候是看不到关键词的，他多数目的是为了编辑好选择审稿专家。6、摘要是否为有特殊格式（比如格式摘要：目的，方法，结果，结论），是否有字数限制。7、注意参考文献（References）一定要符合杂志的格式，参考文献的数目是否有限制。是否不能引用正在出版的（In press）文章或未公开的（Unpublished data）数据。8、是否引用了较多著名杂志的文章为参考文献（大家看影响因子超过10的杂志文章，他们引用的文献多数也是来自10以上的杂志，也就是说你投高影响因子的杂志就尽量不要引用低档杂志的文章，这是一条潜规则）。9、引用了几篇该杂志的文章作为参考文献（有的杂志有明确要求要引几篇，有的没有要求，但是编辑在还是喜欢你多引他们杂志的文章）。10、写完后最好先找一个在国外呆过几年的中国人修改第1次（这样能纠正明显写作错误和表达，又明白你的写作意思），然后再找一个英语为母语的人修改（最好是学医的，这样能够纠正一些微小错误和表达习惯）。最终的目的是即使退稿也不是因为语言问题。人家修改完了注意在回信中致谢（Thank you very much for the excellent and professional revision of our
首先选定期刊，然后里面会有论文的要求。根据要求修改论文格式然后一般要准备发给编辑的内容，highlight，摘要，图片摘要，正文，支撑材料，作者信息，推荐审稿人等。然后登录期刊首页，根据要求一项一项填写就可以了
英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向。最后小编汇总两篇适合发表英语论文的期刊：1.新东方英语《新东方英语》大学版月刊，2003年5月创刊，由新东方教育科技集团与《海外文摘》杂志社联合推出，主要读者对象是在校大学生、部分高中生以及广大的英语爱 好者，是国内英语学习类期刊中品质、内容俱佳的双语杂志。2.时代英语《时代英语》坚持“英汉并进，以人为本”的办刊理念，以培养英语学习兴趣和自主学习能力、提高读者综合语言水平为宗旨。注重突出刊物的时代性、知识性和趣 味性。刊物推行三大行之有效的学习方法：双语互动、情景学习、阶梯记忆，吸引读者参与其中。刊物特色：考试指导性、语言应用性、读者参与性和教学辅导性。
关于美食的文案可以说食物的诱惑力或者美食和健康，比如：把眼睛留给风光，把体重留给美食；食和风景，可以抵抗全世界所有的悲伤和迷惘；热腾腾的饭，才能融化内心的孤岛；美食，抓住的是我的胃，绽放的是我的味蕾。美好食光，饥刻开始，等等。
1、把眼睛留给风光，把体重留给美食。
Leave your eyes to the scenery and your weight to the food.
2、美食和风景，可以抵抗全世界所有的悲伤和迷惘。
Food and scenery can resist all the sadness and confusion in the world.
3、热腾腾的饭，才能融化内心的孤岛。
Hot food, to melt the heart of the island.
4、美食，抓住的是我的胃，绽放的是我的味蕾。美好食光，饥刻开始！
Gourmet food, grasp is my stomach, bloom is my taste buds. Beautiful food light, hunger engraved start!
5、吃乎，胖也；不吃，馋也。
Eat, will be fat; do not eat, and greedy.
6、我在发胖，见者有份。
I'm getting fat. I've got everything I see.
7、说多了，全是口水 ，吃吧！
Say too much, all is saliva, eat!
8、好好吃饭，任何事情都不值得以牺牲健康为代价。
Eat well. Nothing is worth sacrificing your health.
9、时光掠去催人老，谁道夕阳几度红；舌尖上的生活。
Time swept to make people old, who way a few degrees of red sunset; A tongue of life.
10、美食治愈一切，一口一口吃掉伤痛。
Food cures everything. Bite by bite, bite by bite.
1.总有一天，你的心上人，会身披土豆饼，脚踩棉花糖，手持烤肉鸡腿找到你。
2.爱自己，从一个人下厨房开始。
3.英雄不问出处，美女干饭不问斤数。
4.我们对食物能表达的最高敬意。
5.月亮掉进海里，今晚海底捞。
6.但求美味，不负余生！
7.人生有百味，深夜请慢用。
8.梦里有时终须瘦，梦里无时胖成球
9.流转经年，时光可以改变的是锅底，不变的是吃火锅的那群人。
10.不想听大道理，只想吃小饼干。
11.月亮掉海里，今晚海底捞。
12.你的灵魂食物是什么。
13.用心，所以精致。
14.只要我吃的够快，体重就追不上我。
15.肉乃济世良方
16.烟火人间，风味长存。
17.味道里都是满足，酒里有故事，故事里有你我。
18.今天吃喝不努力，明天努力找吃喝。
19.鸡腿配奶茶，快乐又一倍。
20.干饭人！胃口大！一张大嘴吃天下！
21.对不起，打扰了，虽然你卖的很便宜，但你真的不是我的菜，告辞！
22.如果快乐有开关，那享受美食就是一键快乐。
23.那件幸福的小事叫早餐。
24.人莫不饮食也，鲜能知味也。
25.一味温暖美食留存心间，让我们可以期待明天。
26.终将把生活的锋芒，熬成最温柔的浓汤。
27.我的梦想是 住在食家庄 日日食全食美 夜夜喋喋不休。
28.既生美食，何生脂肪。
29.人生苦短能几何， 香肠烧烤拌香锅。
30.喜欢你说的情话，比火锅里的肉麻。
31.有着一颗减肥的心，奈何长着一张吃货的嘴，对于吃货而言，没有什么事情是碗救不了的。
32.孤独的人都要吃饱饭(光棍节)
33.这辈子唯一拿得起，放不下的就是——筷子。
34.世界那么大，我们去吃吃看。
35.我要吃臊子面！
36.为什么专家建议吃七分饱，因为还要留着三分吃夜宵。
37.菡萏离愁薄日斜，煎饼果子不可缺。
38.生活够苦了，也要适合让自己生活甜点，多多享受生活吧！
40.真正的吃货敢于直面粗壮的大腿，敢于挑战隆起的小腹。
41.开心一点，连粉条都有韧性，我怎会轻易认输。
42.螺旋桨滑翔翼平地托马斯式好吃。
43.2%的美食碎片+98%的可爱拼凑成了我。
44.为心爱的人做饭，满满的都吃掉便是最好的报答，他/她的吃相就是最美的模样。
45.吃乎，肥也；不吃，馋也。
46.人世间，酸甜苦辣，若长良川。
47.让我们红尘作伴，吃的白白胖胖
48.美食是媒介，爱情是开往春暖花开的地铁。
49.夜宵是要放进另一个胃里的2%的美食碎片+98%的可爱拼凑成了我
50.春宵苦短，肉才是济世良方。
51.如果在意体重，那就对不起食物了。
52.火锅的使命，就是给食物一个全新的灵魂，就像你重塑了我。
53.人生得意须尽吃，不然空腹站不直
54.干饭不狠，地位不稳
55.好的食物包含着温情与良心。
56.你要是说处对象，不好意思没空，但你要是说干饭我一定马上到。
57.不闻人间烟火，但食人间美味。
58.勇敢是什么，是我明知道这一顿吃下去会胖，我还是迎头而上。
59.在寻找不起眼但很好吃的食物这方面，我觉得自己的技能点是点满了的。
60.美食从来不说谎。
61.唯美食与爱不可辜负。
62.恋上厨房恋上家。
63.用爱与真心烹饪人生百味，温暖你的每一个深夜。
64.心情好，吃嘛嘛香。
65.把美食与爱装进口袋。
66.长肉肉了，我不减，继续吃，诶，就是玩儿。
67.坏人活着是为了吃与喝，而好人却是为了活着才吃与喝。
68.泡面要等五分钟，鸡蛋要等八分钟，喜欢的总是要等待。
69.当吃货挺好，吃着吃着就忘了。
70.十年涨价两茫茫，羊肉贵，炒菜狂。千里金城，举城话凄凉。纵使一盘拉条子，肉块少，面量降。
1.瘦与奶茶，不可兼得。
2.迎来送往总是情感，一茶一饭包裹团圆。
3.谁说吃货除了吃就什么都不会了，她们还知道饿。
4.一直很尊重奶茶，没去糖，没去冰，没少喝。
5.不开心睡一觉，就让它过去吧。伤心还好，伤胃就不好了。
6.清断食，晒美食，没事找事呢，食欲被唤醒！
7.岁月让我知道，除了快递和美食，我谁都不用等。
8.吃乎 胖也；不吃 馋也
9.没有什么是一顿饭解决不了的问题，如果有，那就是两顿。
10.对不起，打扰了，虽然你卖的很便宜，但你真的不是我的菜，告辞！
11.情若能自控，我一定会按捺住我那颗吃货的心。
12.是人生光辉的原动力。
13.家庭料理的不刻意。
14.吃好喝好 长生不老。
15.说说你记忆中的年夜饭。
16.向宇宙撒一把盐，今晚吃盐焗小星球。
17.孤独的人都要吃饱饭(光棍节)
18.不辜负在最好的时光里，专遇见属美食的精致。
19.火锅和姐妹，是快乐标配。
20.人生苦短 肉才是济世良方。
21.但求美味，不负余生！
22.长肉肉了，我不减，继续吃，诶，就是玩儿。
23.味道里都是满足，酒里有故事，故事里有你我。
24.青春岁月已老，而我们，还在烧烤。
25.名副其实的吃喝搬运工
26.我晒的美食，可惜你只能看看。
27.只有吃东西的时候，才会感觉自己是最幸福的人。
28.对于吃货来说，这个世界上只有两种东西，可以吃的，不可以吃的。
29.坏人活着是为了吃与喝，而好人却是为了活着才吃与喝。
30.汤汤水水有滋有味，尝在嘴里甜在心里。
31.烟火人间，美食在肚
32.人是铁，饭是钢，吃货总比痴货好。
33.“我可以看看你相册里的美食吗”
34.为什么专家建议吃七分饱，因为还要留着三分吃夜宵。
35.我承认我心动了，但是干饭要紧，我没有说，你自己在那腥臭腐朽的日子里闪闪发光吧，我不行，我得干饭，要和家境相仿的人一起玩，有没有一起要饭的。
36.香甜软糯，珍馐美味，饕餮大餐。
37.把眼睛留给风光，把体重留给美食。
38.如果对方喜欢你的话，能一起吃早餐，才是真爱。
39.岁月悠然，茶知冷暖，给灵魂一个出口。
40.为什么专家建议晚饭吃七分饱，还有三分是留着夜宵吃的。
41.我之所以把自己吃这么圆，是为了不让别人看扁
42.美味调剂生活。
43.香菜牛肉是神仙一般的存在了！
44.亲爱的，听我聊聊厨房与爱。
45.财米油盐的滋味，茫茫人生的体会！
46.人生有百味，深夜请慢用。
47.知食份子，食堂教学
48.梦里有时终须瘦，梦里无时胖成球
49.螺旋桨滑翔翼平地托马斯式好吃。
50.一天只吃三餐就像是虐待自己，四餐正常，午餐满足。
51.干饭人！胃口大！一张大嘴吃天下！
52.请给我来一杯威士忌加红枣枸杞。
53.一间食堂藏人间烟火，一味食物记录温情暖意。
54.冬日围炉话火锅。
55.做饭可以，洗碗不行
56.在最好的时光里，遇见美食的精致。
57.对美食，我都告诫自己：吃多会死。但事实证明，我真的不怕死。
58.不思进取，思很多顿烤串。
59.日日食全食美，夜夜碟碟不休。
60.回味无穷，入口即化。
1.就算生活过得再怎么不堪，我要努力吃下去。
2.一口一口吃掉忧愁。
3.在最美的时光用力爱一场。
4.有的饭桶相当于吃货，但吃货却不一定是饭桶。两者的根本区别在于，饭桶很能吃，吃货很会吃。
5.心中有爱，饭菜好吃。
6.不想听大道理，只想吃小蛋糕。
7.这是要胖死我吗，好吧，还是谢谢饲养员。
8.火锅和姐妹，是快乐标配。
9.美食眼前过，只看不吃是罪过！
10.人生得意须尽欢，胡吃海喝要尽兴。
11.光盘是对美食的最高赞赏。
12.恋上厨房恋上家。
13.更好的美食不是更贵的美食，也不是更具有多重美食含义、更能糊弄人的食物，而是更多样的饮食环境、饮食产品和更灵活的美食系统。
14.画地为牢常相伴，不负美食不负卿。
15.对我来说，吃就是活着的唯一动力。
16.看到朋友圈里的人天天晒聚会晒美食，顿觉得好无聊……
17.吃饱饱，没烦恼。
18.肚子胖胖 生活旺旺。
19.如果对方喜欢你的话，能一起吃早餐，才是真爱。
20.吃或者不吃，肉肉都会长，那还是吃吧。
21.味道里都是满足，酒里有故事，故事里有你我。
22.我是一个勇敢的人，在美食面前从不退缩，即使吃完胖二斤！
23.只要我吃得够多，快乐就会追着我跑
24.虽然我不能为你上九天揽月，但是可以下海底捞肥牛，虾饺，毛肚，藕片，生菜，大虾，虾滑，牛肉丸，黄喉。
25.饭要常约，面要常见
26.生活需要仪式感，美食才能治愈不如意。
27.每天吃零食的时候总对自己说，明天不吃了。
28.火锅咕嘟咕嘟，我心扑通扑通。
29.曾经沧海难为水，鱼香肉丝配鸡腿。
30.今天我请客，请你喜欢我。
31.当一名吃货挺好的，吃着吃着什么都忘了。
32.快乐来了 麻烦你让一下
33.干饭不狠，地位不稳
34.吃得开心就是零卡路里。
35.是人生光辉的原动力。
36.人间不值得，但我和美食值得。
37.为了让你能抱动我，从今天开始就要减肥啦。
38.总有一天，你的心上人，会身披土豆饼，脚踩棉花糖，手持烤肉鸡腿找到你，你要等。
39.不负好时光，开启吃日常。
40.吃好喝好 长生不老。白白胖胖，充满希望。
41.超级无敌大跟头后空翻侧手翻式好吃。
42.享受美食。把这顿饭当作难得的一顿，把朋友相聚看作是最后时光，把生命中的所有来倒计时看待，会更加知道珍惜，懂得感恩。
43.星河滚烫 不如麻辣烫。
44.人莫不饮食也，鲜能知味也。
45.祖国尚未统一，减肥改日再议
1、爱是一种久违的心痛，当你心痛一个人的时候，那个人在你的生命中已经不可割舍了。
2、爱情本来并不复杂，来来去去不过三个字，不是我爱你，我恨你，便是算了吧。你好吗？对不起。
3、爱你就是这么莫名其妙，就是这么义无返顾，我知道我不会是你今生的唯一，但你却是我一生的最爱！
4、幸福就是：雨天能为你撑起一把小伞；幸福就是：牵你的小手与你共度夕阳；幸福就是：你永远开心快乐！
5、当爱情来临，当然也是快乐的。但是，这种快乐是要付出的，也要学习去接受失望、伤痛和离别。从此，人生不再纯粹。
6、有时侯爱情不一定要得到，有时侯祝福也让人心里很甜。心里默默的酝酿着我对你的爱，对你的思念永远牵动着我的心。
7、真正的爱情要懂得珍惜，没有谁和谁是天生注定就在一起的，一辈子其实不长，能遇到心爱的人是多么幸运，为何不握紧她的手。
8、爱的价值在于它自身，而不在于它的结果。结果可能不幸，可能幸福，但永远不会最不幸和最幸福。在爱的过程中间，才会有最的体验和想象。
写作思路：先讲述人文科学的困境和人们的态度，再讲述人文科学过去的作用和未来的期望发展。
The humanities: Out of date?
人文科学是否过时？
The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they bet will lead to employment.
数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。
In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.
换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。
Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation.
在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上一代 大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。
and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate. Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.
这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们参观校园的时候，却只是一个小点缀。现在，实验室要 比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。
Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people's lives.
在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。
Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning.
学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。
We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas!
如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。
If we study only mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician. If we include studying the humanities, we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination.
如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。
英语论文开头怎么写
英语论文开头怎么写,大家都知道万事开头难，写论文的时候也是一样，写一个好的开头就意味着你可以顺利的写下去了，对于不少人而言英文论文的难度比中文论文的难度更大，下面我带大家简单了解一下英语论文开头怎么写。
一篇
文章的第一段左右通常是整个文章的最重要的部分得到“just right”。它不仅是一个机会，抓住读者的注意力，同时也有机会来设置文章的其余议程，语气和内容的条款。严格地说，没有单一的“right”的方式开始了一篇文章，只是因为它有可能写了无数主题的文章，所以也有可能开始在很多方面的文章。然而，大多数好的开端，以散文分享一定的素质，如果考虑进去，可以大大提高可另外缺乏的文章前奏。请参见下面的步骤1开始！
为你的文章铺设路线图
1、启动带有引人注目的一句话。 当你的文章可能（或者，诚然，可以不）是有趣的你，作家，它不一定有趣的读者。读者，总的来说，是关于他们所读内容有点挑剔，他们做了什么没有。如果一件作品不会立刻吸引他们的注意力在第一段，有一个很好的机会，他们不会懒得看它的其余部分。正因为如此，它往往是开始的作文与从一开始就命令读者注意一个句子一个好主意。只要这第一句话就是逻辑连接到文章的其他部分，有一个在成为引人注目的右出了大门没有羞耻。
您可能要开始一个迷人，鲜为人知的事实和统计抓住读者的注意力。举例来说，如果你在儿童肥胖的危险与日俱增全世界写一篇文章，你可能会这样开始："Contrary to the popular idea that childhood obesity is only a problem for rich, pampered Westerners, the WHO reports that in 2012, over 30% of preschool-age children in developing countries were overweight or obese、"在另一方面，如果它适合你的文章更具逻辑性，你可能要启动一个特别扣人心弦的图像或描述。关于暑假的文章，你可能会这样开始： "When I felt the Costa Rican sun filtering through the jungle canopy and heard the sound of howler monkeys far off in the distance, I knew that I had found someplace very special、"
2、让你的读者进入你的文章的“meat” 。一个伟大的第一句话可以吸引读者的注意力，但是如果你不把读者拉进你的文章里，她还是会很容易失去兴趣。按照你的第一句话，一个句子或两个逻辑连接的注意抓住“钩”在第一句中的其余部分作为一个整体。通常，这些句子将在第一个句子的狭窄范围内扩展，将特定的快照放在一些更大的上下文中。
例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会遵循如下第一句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a growing problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike、”这句话解释了第一句中所描述的问题的'紧迫性，并给出了更广泛的内容。
为你的假期的文章，你可能会跟你这样的第一句话是： "I was deep in the jungles of Tortuguero National Park, and I was lost in more ways than one、" 这句话告诉读者在第一句的意象从哪里来，带领读者走进其余的文章嘲笑它最终将被揭示的旁白是“lost”。
3、告诉读者你的文章是什么 。大多数时候，文章不是纯粹的描述-他们不存在完全告诉你什么是基本的，事实上。通常情况下，他们有一个特定的目的以外的。这几乎可以是任何东西。这篇文章可能是为了改变读者对某个主题的想法，说服读者采取行动，为某个不被很好理解的事情，或者简单地讲述一个令人深思的故事。在任何情况下，第一段的基本目的是要告诉读者什么是文章的目的是。这样，读者就可以快速选择是否继续到其余的文章或不。
在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会总结出这样的事情：“The purpose of this essay is to analyze current trends in childhood obesity rates worldwide and recommend specific policy initiatives to combat this growing problem，”这清楚地告诉什么文章的目的是。这里没有混乱。
为你的假期的文章，你可以试着这样的话： "This is the story of my summer in Costa Rica, a summer that neither spider bites, nor rotten plantains, nor Giardia could keep from being life-changing、" 这告诉读者，他们会在戏弄的具体细节在文章体店就是阅读一个人的旅行到外国帐户。
4、或者，你的文章结构概要 。有时，它是适当的走一步的介绍来描述你的文章的计划来实现其目的。如果你的文章能够很容易地被分解成不同的，特定的部分，这将是有用的，将使主题更容易掌握的读者。如果你是一个学生，你知道如何做到这一点也很有用，因为一些老师会要求你这么做的。然而，具体地概述了不同的文章在介绍中的文章并不总是一个好主意。在某些情况下，特别是对轻心的文章，这可能是有点机械读，可以通过提出太多的信息，对读者的威胁。
你可能会继续这样说：“这篇文章涉及三个主要的全球健康问题：高热量食品的供应，减少体育锻炼，以及日益普及的久坐不动的休闲活动。”对于一个简单的研究论文，概述了主要议题的讨论是一个好主意，因为它允许读者立即理解文章的理由解释在过去的句子的目的。
另一方面，对于你的假期文章，你可能不会以这种方式勾勒出你的文章。既然你已经建立了你的文章是轻松俏皮，这听起来有些奇怪的继续，例如：“通过体验城市生活在圣若泽和农村生活的资本在托土盖罗的丛林里，我像变了一个人在我的旅途中，“这不是一个可怕的句子，但它不流从前面的人因为它奠定了一个严格的刚性结构，不需要。
5、如果有必要，包括一篇论文 。在论文写作中，一个句子是一个句子，这是一个简单的句子，尽可能清晰、简洁地描述文章的“要点”。一些文章，特别是五段为学术作业或是标准化考试的一部分而写的论文，或多或少都要求你将论文陈述部分作为开篇的一部分。即使不需要这篇文章的文章也能从一个大胆的命题陈述的简洁的目的性中受益。一般情况下，在第一段的结尾处或附近包含论文陈述，虽然没有硬性规定，具体地说，论文陈述必须是。
对于你的肥胖文章，因为你在一个临床，简单的方式处理一个严肃的话题和写作，你可能会直接与你的论文声明：“通过分析现有的调查数据，本文旨在找出具体的政策措施，如可能的路径到全球肥胖减少。”这篇论文告诉读者在相对较少的话的确切目的的文章。
你可能不包括一个单一的论文发表声明的度假文章。因为你更感兴趣的是设置一个情绪，讲述一个故事，并说明个人主题，一个直接的，临床的声明，如“这篇文章将描述我的暑假到哥斯达黎加”，将声音奇怪的强迫和不必要的。
6、为你的文章定一个合适的基调。 除了你的空间，讨论你将要谈论什么，你的第一段，也是一个空间，以确定你将如何谈论它。你写的你写的声音是什么鼓励部分（或阻碍）你的读者阅读你的文章。如果在你的文章开始的基调是明确的，愉快的，和适合的主题，你的读者会比如果它的混乱更容易阅读，变化很大，从句子的，或是不在手边的话题。
看一看上面的句子。注意，虽然肥胖作文和假期作文有非常不同的声音，这两者都是清楚地写，并为主题的适当。肥胖作文是一个严肃的、分析性的写作，是一种处理公共健康问题的文章，所以对这些句子有一定的临床和观点是合理的。另一方面，这篇文章是关于一个有趣的，令人兴奋的经历，对作者有重大影响，所以这是合理的句子是一个有趣的小游戏，包含令人兴奋的细节和传达作者的奇迹感。
7、砍去追逐！ 介绍的最重要的规则之一是，更短的几乎总是更好的。如果你能把所有的信息都传达给你，你需要五个句子，而不是六个。如果你可以用一个简单的，每天的话，在一个更不起眼的字（例如，“start”与“initiate”），做它。如果你能把你的信息传达给十个单词而不是十二个，那就去做吧。在任何地方，你可以在不牺牲质量和清晰度的情况下，把你的介绍性通道缩短，这样做。记住，你的文章开始是让读者进入文章的肉，但它的嘶嘶声并不是文章本身的肉，所以保持简短。
如上所述，而你应该力求简洁，你不应该缩短你介绍这么多，它变得不清楚或不合理。例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你不应该缩短这句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a global problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike”。……这句话：“In fact, obesity is actually a big problem、”这句话并不能告诉整个故事，这篇文章是关于全球儿童肥胖的发病率上升，而不是肥胖对你来说是不好的。
我们随机抽取了学术语料库中航空航天学科子库里的50篇期刊文章，摘取了其中的文章首句，做一个简单的文本分析。
经过观察，我们发现，抽取的样本按照其表达的功能，基本可以分为四类，即“声称中心地位”、“评述以往研究”、“概括研究话题”和“提出存在的问题”(Swales 1990)。
1、 声称中心地位，20例(40%)
这一类例句主要强调研究话题在研究领域中的中心地位，或其重要性、优点或必要性，指出将要报道的研究是有意义的、重要的或者已被认为是研究领域内的主要话题。主要例子有：
[1] Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications、
[2] Combustion noise can make a significant contribution to overall turbofan engine noise at low-power settings, , which are typical of approach flight、
[3] Research on flow control has been one of the major topics in fluid mechanics in the past couple of decades、
[4] Surface flow visualization is useful for understanding flow in many applications and can be used to complement and validate computational studies of complex flow、
可用的序列有，xxx be important, xxx play an important/a significant role in, xxx be of particular interest等、
2、 评述以往同类研究，15例(30%)
这类例子大多回顾某一研究话题或领域的已有研究或多年来的研究进展。例如：
[5] Over the last number of decades, a multitude of research efforts have been directed toward understanding the physical mechanisms, or at least the surrounding factors, behind the appearance of symptoms typically associated with nonlinear axial combustion instability in solid-propellant rocket motors (SRMs)、
[6] The effects of applying an electric field on a flame have been studied since the early 1800s(1) when Brande noticed an effect on the heat and mass transfer of a diffusion flame between electrodes, which was then later verified in 1931 by Lewis (2)、
此外，这一分类里的大部分例子都使用现在完成时。供参考的短语序列有，xxx has/have been studied, previous/recent studies show/have shown, it has been shown等。
3、 概括研究话题，14例(28%)
在收集的样本中，“概括研究话题”主要指概括或陈述某一研究领域/话题的特征或客观事实。这一类例句中，文章作者大多根据具体的研究话题组织句子，因而并没有典型的句式。
[7] Many flows of technological interest occur at high Reynolds number and are often characterized、
[8] The Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) equations describe the relative motion of a chaser with respect to a target while both vehicles orbit a central gravitational source、
4、 提出当前研究中存在的问题，1例(2%)
只有一例在文章第一句便指出某一技术所存在的问题，见[9]：
[9] Airborne propagation of directed energy suffers consequences including reduced range, precision, and overall effectiveness, due to the interaction with varying refractive indices within the fluid medium through which it is propagated (1–3)、
简单总结一下，在我们所收集的50篇文章中，有40%的文章在开篇第一句强调研究话题/领域的重要性、优点或说明已成为研究焦点;30%的文章首句旨在回顾或评述以往同类研究;28%的文章在第一句中客观概括或陈述研究话题的特性;仅有2%，即1篇文章在首句中指出某一技术存在的问题。
这一数据也说明，我们可以根据自己的研究话题，运用多种形式，灵活组织文章首句的句式和内容。鉴于样本数量有限，以上内容只是抛砖引玉，仅供参考。我们还建议各位小伙伴在阅读文献的过程中注意积累和总结，看一看自己专业领域内的期刊文章，是以何种形式撰写文章首句。如此一来，可以在自己写论文时进行模仿。毕竟，好的开始是成功的一半嘛。
1 Chinese appreciate America people's pioneering spiritand admire American remarkable performancemade in national development of the remarkable performance2 In seventeenth and eighteenth Century, China art, architecture and philosophy were very much admired in the West3 in addition to their love Chinese food, they are learning the Chinese language, trying Chinese medicine, Wushu Exercises China, watching Kung Fu movies. but a person with breadth of vision pointed out, we should not only see the tremendous pressure from the aging of the population, but also to see the back of the aging of the population contains business opportunities and the elderly rich intelligence, experience and other resources, to turn pressure into opportunity.5 how to make more efficient use of water resources, sustainable development and protection to promote water resources, has become the urgent problems of the world.
商务英语毕业论文选题方向如下：
一、理论联系实际，注重现实意义：
1.注意选题的实用价值，选择具有现实意义的题目。所谓论文的实用价值，就是指我们选的题目，应是与社会生活密切相关、为干百万人所关心的问题，特别是社会主义现代化建设事业中亟待解决的问题。
2.要注意选题的理论价值。我们强调选题的实用价值，并不等于急功近利的实用主义，也绝非提倡选题必须有直接的效益作用。作为论文，无论是形式还是内容都和工作总结、调查报告有着区别。
一般说来，它由论点、论据、论证三大要素构成，文章要以逻辑思维的方式为展开的依据，在事实的基础上展开严谨的推理过程，得出令人信服的结论。它着重探讨和研究事物发展的客观规律，阐述自己对这些规律的了解与认识，给人以认识上的启迪。
二、勤于思索，刻意求新：
1.从观点、题目到材料直至论证方法全是新的。这类论文写好了，价值较高，社会影响也大，但写作难度大。
2.以新的材料论证旧的课题，从而提出新的或部分新的观点、新的看法。
3.以新的角度或新的研究方法重做已有的课题，从而得出全部或部分新观点。
4.对已有的观点、材料、研究方法提出质疑，虽然没有提出自己新的看法，但能够启发人们重新思考问题。
论文 汗。。。
potatoes, sweet potato and buckwheat, various beans also holds a place. Besides rice, steamed buns, noodles as various pasta, and rich and colorful porridge, bread and ever-changing snacks make people table rich and colorful.Saying, "a society prosperity well-clothed, our country's food culture, exquisite, profound traditional culture is an important part. millet, corn, potatoes, sweet potato and buckwheat, various beans also holds a place. Besides rice, steamed buns, noodles as various pasta, and rich and colorful porridge, bread and ever-changing snacks make people table rich and colorful. The plan is part of creating new revenue for the post office," he spicy herb sausages and northeastern said. "Meanwhile, people will have the chance to taste original foods.
Derivatives, as financial instruments, have gained an increasingly important role to the financial status of big companies around the globe. Their importance can be primarily illustrated by the huge development of the derivatives exchange markets in the most developed countries, with banks usually being at the centre of trading of these powerful financial tools. The very essence of their importance lies to the fact that companies can use them to reduce uncertainty or risk that stems from entrepreneurial activities. Financial managers use derivatives to understand the risks that their firms are exposed to daily and thus are able to pursue higher returns, given the fact that higher returns impose higher risks. The management of high risks enables companies to reduce the danger of financial losses and in the same time achieve higher returns. The extended use of derivatives can also attribute further benefits to the financial position of firms by improving several other corporate actions like cheaper borrowing, tax planning and ensuring safer loan payback. However, derivatives’ trading has been a cause for huge corporate losses for many companies, the financial management of which ignored the high risks involved in the use of those financial instruments. This essay will attempt to examine the ways in which companies can use derivatives to modify their financial position.A derivative (or derivative security) can be defined as a tradable asset whose intrinsic value depends on or derives from the value of an underlying asset (like shares or bonds), a commodity (like oil or gold) or an abstract measure (like interest rates or indexes). This dependency of the derivatives’ value is the reason why they are also called contingent claims. This last definition of derivatives describes accurately their nature of being an exercisable right or obligation rather than a tradable good. This right or obligation is the exact legal contract that acquires value like a real asset, and therefore can be traded. People have implemented derivatives, as legal contracts, since ancient times, although their systematic use and trading began in the late nineteenth century. However, the past thirty years witnessed a massive growth in the volume of derivatives’ trading. Nowadays, derivative markets account for a significant amount of the world financial exchange system, and their types and use keeps developing and adapting to the different financial needs of the various industries. Common types of derivatives are options, futures, forwards, forward rate agreements and swaps, while other less common types are caps, floors, exotic options, Over-The Counter (OTCs) and exchange-traded derivatives. A brief description of the most common derivatives is given below.An option is a contractual agreement that the gives the right and not the obligation in one party to buy or sell an underlying commodity or asset at a given price anytime during a pre-specified period of time. At the end of the pre-specified period this right can be exercised or not, according to the option’s holder needs, thus the name of the derivative. If an option gives the buyer the right to purchase an asset (a number of shares for example) at a given price during a time period, this option is called call option. By the end of the period the right expires and after that date the option loses its value. On the contrary, if a similar contract gives the buyer the right to sell an asset (at an agreed price and up to a given date), it is then called put option. Call and Put options enable their holders to make profits, reducing the uncertainty of the future value of the underlying asset because they can be tradable at any time before the expiry date. If the underlying asset is a share index like FTSE 100, S&P 500 etc. then the purchased right is called index option.Futures are also contractual agreements between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specific time and a pre-specified price. However, a future represents an obligation, not a right, to proceed in the specific transaction, thus neither of the two parties can back away once the agreement is made (or the future is purchased). Thus a holder of a future buys the obligation of the other party and not the right, as in options. However, futures are tradable derivatives and are exchanged in a regulated market, like options. This characteristic allows their holders to change their position, according to the change of the underlying asset value through time before the date of the contracted transaction. However, they are very standardised and so they might not be very attractive to companies with specific financial needs. A future having as underlying asset the short-term interest rate of a currency deposit in a foreign bank is called interest rate future.On the other hand, forwards are similar agreements to futures in the sense that they both represent obligation of the contracted parts to proceed to a transaction of an agreed price at a specified date. However, forwards are not standardised contracts that can be traded in exchanges, but are tailored-to-need agreements for the specific clients and are usually available over-the-counter (for instance between a bank and the purchaser). Foreign exchange is the one of the most important underlying assets that forwards are used for, providing special trading markets for currencies. Fluctuating interest rates of different currencies create uncertainty for the future repayment of loans obtained with flexible rates. For this reason, forward rate agreements (FRAs) can be made between banks and companies, which assure that they will receive a premium from the banks if the floating rates associated with the re-payment of their loans exceeds a pre-specified amount. FRAs are also tradable, and usually are contracted for short time periods, varying from 3, 6 or 12 months.The exact way in which loans are re-paid as related to floating interest rates created the need for swaps. Swaps are private contracts between companies to exchange interest payment obligations to banks. Under a swap arrangement, companies might be able to mutually devise loan repayments that are cheaper for both parts. Swaps, unlike FRAs, are commonly negotiated for longer periods and can be contracted and traded in similar ways to options.From the above description of the most common derivatives, it is clear that companies have a powerful toolbox of financial instruments that can be implemented to improve their financial position. The most predominant objective of their use is the mitigation of uncertainty, with regards to future values of assets or commodities. This practice is known as hedging of risk. Hedging can be done with options. If for example a pharmaceutical company announces that in 6 months they might have a cure for cancer, the share price will go sky-high, however the financial managers might be concerned of a failure to meet this announcement. They can protect the financial position of the company by buying put options that can be exercised in case the company fails to discover the cure for cancer (and so its share will bottom down).Such options that are issued by the company itself are called warrants. Hedging with options or warrants can be used against numerous potential declines in the share price or the whole market. Thus hedging helps to protect companies against financial instability. Options can also be used in incentive payment schemes from companies to employees, who can be offered call options that can be exercised in the future when the corporate share will be higher. This offer provides a motivation to workers to push the share up by improving their working performance. Thus companies achieve with this indirect payment method increased productivity gains.Another potential beneficial use of options is tax planning. Big multinational corporations can make use the of differences in tax legislation in the different countries they operate, and manage to reduce the whole payable tax or their cost of capital by trading options in different jurisdictions. Tax practitioners can design option trading in such ways that they achieve tax deductions without significant changes in the financial position of the corporation. Hedging can also take place with futures on underlying commodities. Many major producers are uncertain of the future price of commodities essential to their business and so they use futures to ensure their production costs against price rises. Thus, they are willing to pay a premium that will ensure them against price volatilities. Under the same rationale, large investors that hold big and diversified portfolios, which are sensitive to the overall movements of share indexes, might want to hedge with share index futures. In that way they can reduce their losses if the indexes plunge.All derivatives that are contingent to interest rate payments can also be used to hedge risks that occur from floating rates. FRAs are specifically useful in this case since they assure their holders against interest rate falls. Slightly alternative interest rate hedging techniques are used in Caps and Floors. These hedging techniques are particularly useful to firms that need to eliminate or reduce their exposure to interest rate short-term fluctuations and thus they are willing to pay a risk premium.Risks that are associated with exchange rate volatility can also be hedged by using derivatives. Intra country economic transactions are priced according to the relative exchange rates of the currencies involved. For instance, an exported commodity that is priced one British pound in the UK does not have a steady value in Euros throughout time. This means that the same transaction can have different value, according to the level of the currency exchange rate. Multinational corporations and firms that are directly implicated to foreign trade (imports/exports) are exceptionally sensitive to volatile exchange rates and thus they are looking to employ derivatives that can help reduce this uncertainty. Futures can be used to ensure a currency transaction in the future, regardless of the exchange rate in that future time. Or when firms require greater flexibility they can use currency forwards that are not as standardised as futures and can also be individually tailored. Alternatively, firms can use currency options that not only allow them to hedge foreign exchange risk but also to make additional profits if the exchange rate is favourable. In conclusion, derivative securities have increased the capability of financial managers to improve the financial position of their firms and mitigate uncertainty regarding the future of the business and the financial markets. The importance of derivatives can nowadays be observed by the exploding evolution of derivative exchange markets in developed economies all over the world. Derivatives, that represent a contractual agreement towards either the right or the obligation of the contractors to proceed to a pre-specified transaction in the future, can take different forms and variations, according to the specific needs of the business. However, their most common function is to reduce the risk involved in future economic transactions, so that firms or institutions can be more secured against economic uncertainty that has noticeably has imposed immense costs on entrepreneurial activities in the past. This altering of the risk profile of corporate activity, also known as hedging, can sometimes also contribute to the simultaneous achievement of great profits, allocating even more importance to derivative instruments. Furthermore, derivatives can prove beneficial to companies when used in incentive payment schemes, tax planning or loan repayments. Following the increasing use of derivative instruments the last thirty years, it is certain that their corporate use will be even more augmented through the design and implementation of new types.ReferencesArnold, G. (2005), Handbook of corporate finance, Financial Times Prentice HallEales, B., A., (1995), Financial Risk Management, McGraw Hill: MaidenheadHull, J., C., (2000), Options futures and other derivatives, (5th edit.), Prentice Hall InternationalTaylor, F., (2000), Mastering derivatives markets, (2nd edit.), Financial Times Prentice HallWinston, D., (1995), Financial Derivatives, Chapman and Hall: London发不下了，邮箱上传中。。。