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需要英语和汉语结合，要注意英文书写技巧的把握，同时要注意语法的结合，还要注意论文的整体结构，还有每个英文字母的书写，英语论文相对来说是比较难的，而且需要了解的知识内容比较多。
summary写作要求你具备的几种能力：第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容1为概括短文要点，还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料，直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其是读和写的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。二、概括的写作步骤：1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子）三、写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。3) 删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词。上述对于英文论文summary写作技巧的分析后，在写作的时候切记一定要站在中立的观点来写，把那个要掺杂进自己个人的想法而改变了原意，尽量做到言简意赅，用最简单的语言来解释原文中一些比较复杂的。(以上内容来源于学术堂)
谈英文学术论文发表和写作技巧 最近，国内几个同行和我谈及用英文发表学术论文的问题，我想借这个地方谈谈我的经验和看法。国内语言学和应用语言学的学者倾向于在国内用中文发表文章，主要是因为， 一来, 学校要求老师和研究生在核心期刊上发文章；二来，英文毕竟不是母语, 写一篇英文文章的时间可以用来写好几篇中文文章。国情如此，实在无可厚非。但近来有同行抱怨，国内的期刊大多喜欢定量研究型的文章，对于以定性研究为主（如 ethnography research, action research）的文章不是那么欢迎。我没有太多用中文发表学术论文的经验，国内学术论文发表的内情是否如此，我就不得而知了。 写学术文章、参加学术会议，其实是一种学术圈内同行的对话。用中文写，懂中文的同行能读到你的研究，很好。用英文写，懂英文的同行能读到，也不错。如果想将你的研究和全世界的同行分享的话，可能英文比较能够达到这个目的。过去几年，我发了一些英文论文，也应一些英文学术期刊 (应用语言学方面的有TESOL Quarterly, Journal of Second Language Writing, Journal of Language Learning and Technology, World Englishes)的邀请做了审稿的工作。结合我的经验，我想谈谈在英文的应用语言学期刊上发文章应该注意的几点。这种经验之谈，供有兴趣的同行参考，以共同促进我们国际学术交流的水平。 首先，论文综述的目的不仅是发现本领域目前讨论/研究过什么，什么还没有讨论过，更重要的是提出你对已有的研究的批判，以发现值得进一步研究的问题。我发现后面的一步最不容易做到了，我做学生时不容易做到，我现在指导的博士生不容易做到，我审阅的许多投稿也没有将这一步做好。 第二，在论文综述的基础上提出研究问题和研究方案。问题和方案的提出，必须是基于对以往研究 (包括内容与方法) 的批判基础上提出。 我经常发现许多论文的论文综述和后面研究问题和研究方案的提出脱节。 第三，材料的收集和分析过程一定要详细描述。无论是定性还是定量分析，要在论文综述的'基础上先提出你想观察/研究的几个方面，然后详细、具体地描述你的测量方法或分析方法。 第四，根据先前提出的几个想观察的方面，对材料一一分析。分析的过程中，可以比较和讨论前人发表的研究，通过对比, 通过引用别人的已有发现, 来了解或阐述你的新发现。材料分析和讨论的部分一定要紧紧扣住文章前面提出的研究问题，这样才能使本研究的贡献凸现出来，从而体现学术交流的精神。 说了这里，有人可能会说，这几点不是和中文学术论文的要求一样吗？其实这些就是学术文章的最基本要求，如此看来，国内的学术论文规范已经和国际接轨了。最后，说一点可能和国内很多文科学术期刊不一样的要求。 第五，文章可能要修改再投。英文期刊一般会有编辑先筛选一遍, 将研究内容和写作风格适合本刊物的文章寄给两到三个领域的同行匿名审阅。一般而言，文章一投就中的可能性很小。很多时候，编辑会综合文章审阅人的意见，让作者依审阅人的建议（往往是对上面几点做评论）一一修改后再投。这实在是好消息了，因为编辑和审稿人都认为该研究做得不错，论文的内容和写作风格基本符合该期刊的传统。作者应该根据他们的意见，将文章修改再投。如此般地修改一轮或两轮是家常便饭，千万不要放弃。 第六，反复修改，提高论文的逻辑性和表达的准确性。在论文的写作过程中，要反复修改几遍，要反复思考苛刻的读者可能会有的质难。在寄给期刊编辑部之前，一定要让你的一两个同行先“无情”地批判一番，确保没有重大的逻辑和语言表达上的问题。我发表的第一篇英文论文修改了不下十遍！现在在这方面也丝毫不敢松懈。
SCI论文的价值主要体现在哪里？
有人说论文无非是为了评定职称、晋升职位、提升工资、获得学位的手段。这只是狭义的看法，发表SCI论文的价值主要体现在以下几个方面：
一、可以获得国内、外同行和社会的承认
一篇有价值的科研SCI论文如果以中文发表在某个地方刊物上，它的价值受到国际同行认可的机会就相对较小。而SCI论文的评价过程公平、透明，其具有的权威性及影响因子是地方刊物所不能比较的。学术论文是否被SCI收录或引用的频次，已被科学界作为评价学术水平的一个重要标准。
二、是进行学术交流的需要
世界上最著名、最有影响力的SCI论文大多数是在英文期刊发表并由SCI收录，因此，发表SCI论文是与国外同行进行学术交流的前提。SCI论文报道了某个领域领先的科研成果，在特定领域科研起到交流信息、传播技能、展示自我、探讨经验的作用。
三、是培养科技人才综合能力的需要
SCI论文写作过程中，作者需要阅读大量的相关专业文献，进行细致反复的研究实验后，通过整理、综合、分析、判断、推理等方法，将所得到的数据结果写成一篇文章。这个过程不只是提高了自身的知识、开阔了科研思维，而且还为今后从事科研工作打下坚实的基础。
正因为SCI论文如此重要，对从事科研工作的同仁来说，能不能撰写一篇被SCI收录的学术论文，就代表着他是否进入了这一领域的国际学术前沿行列，能不能在这一公开平台上与全世界科研工作者进行竞争，有网友调侃，大家以后见面的第一句话会不会就是“今年你SCI了吗？不发你就out了！”
查看更多关于SCI论文价值
文章来源：http://www.scieditor.cc/resource/knowledge/1383.html （原标题：SCI论文的价值与类型主要体现在哪里）
首先：first of all, firstly其次：secondly, in addition(此外), what's more(此外)最后： finally, lastly, last but not least做总结(前三是用来引出观点): in a nutshell, in conclusion, therefore, hence英语作文中我们还可以使用关联词使英语作文更加清晰紧凑，增加特色。我们还可以用以下修饰作文，比如表对比与转折：yet,however,nevertheless,in contrast (to),whereasin spite of(despite),instead,on the contrary,even if(though),unlike,conversely.
英语写作在高考命题中对学生是相对较难的部分,他考察考生综合运用语言的能力。试题要求考生根据所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料。但他并非要求考生按照/提示0逐句翻译,而是要求考生在充分领会/提示0的前提下,用自己的语言,组织成一篇内容充实、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。那么高中生如何培养自己的写作能力?在高考中如何能得心应手地写出篇好作文呢?我觉得首先要解决好以下这三个问题:
一、打好扎实的基本功
第一、首先要调动学生主动学习的积极性。有的学生对此弱项报舍弃态度,情愿把精力放在其他方面,也不愿花过多的时间和精力来提高自己的写作能力。所以要把外语学习与理想和目标教育联系起来教育学生,使他们充分认识到学好外语是时代的要求,是培养跨世纪人才的需要。只有学好外语,才能更好地运用这一交际工具为祖国现代化服务,从而树立为国、为民而学的远大理想和奋斗目标,使学生产生持久的动力,保持长久的、旺盛的精力。这样才能提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性,推动语言运用能力的持续提高。
第二、要加强词汇、语法、句型教学及操练。
要打好语言能力基础,词汇量是写作的基本建筑材料之一。得心应手地遣词造句,对于表达文章的思想内容和风格特点具有重要的作用。词汇量不足或掌握得不好,都会给写作带来困难。因而,在进行词汇教学时,教师不仅要教足词汇量,还要讲清楚每个词的每个意义的使用条件、用法及搭配关系,进行典型同义词、近义词比较,点出构词法等。在通过例句说明的同时,让学生模仿造句,使学生真正掌握其用法及语义特点。学生只有在较好地掌握了充足词汇量的基础上,写作时才能做到随心所欲地选择适合文章主体和风格的词、意义确切的词、表达清晰和生动的词、形象具体的词,以及符合英语惯用法的词,以达到较好的表达效果。另外,语法规则与句型是英语写作必备的另一种重要建筑材料。学生在初、高中已经学过基本语法知识与句型,由于缺乏操练,并没有很好地掌握。因此,在教学实践中,还必须加强基础语法与句型的训练,同时注重汉译英与造句练习。句子是作文的基本单位,一个句子表达一个完整的`思想。成功的作文是由清晰的、合乎语法规则的句子组成的。所以,加强词汇教学,注重语法与句型操练,打好句子基础,是提高写作水平的重要环节。
第三、努力创造课内外的语言环境
学生的各项语言技能是相互依存、相互促进的。教师在课堂上组织教学的过程就是与学生交际的过程。教师在教学实践过程中,应以学生为中心,尽量多给学生提供机会和情景。让他们进行模仿、回答、复述等,以促进他们写作能力的形成。
组织课外活动小组,是弥补课内操练时间不足的有效办法。开展活动时,可联系自己的生活实际,叙述自己的思想及课文学习后的体会等。听说能力的提高,必然会促进写作能力的提高。
二、掌握一定的写作技巧
有了扎实的基本功,还应掌握一定的写作技巧。据统计,近几年全国英语高考卷中的写作,主要是关于记人、叙事、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、议论文和应用文。
记叙文要求考生根据考卷中提供的信息,组织语言材料,编写成文。一般说来,记叙文有时间、地点、人物、时间、原因和结果六要素,写作时要明确清楚地给予表达。记人时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程,叙述事情发生的前因后果等。
议论文要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般说来,议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。要做到:
1.论点要正确无误。
2.论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理,也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。
3.论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
英语应用文主要以写信为主。英文写信由6个部分组成。它们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签字。格式一定要正确。
无论是记叙文、议论文还是应用文,在具体的写作过程中,我们不妨按如下顺序进行。
首先,认真审题立意,确定写作中心。找出根据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节。以命题作文/ The Teacher IA dmireMosto为例, 文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位老师, 因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。`
其次,围绕中心,列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。
第三,根据字数多少,扩展成篇。
扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题,千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。
在写的过程中也有些窍门,以下几点可供参考:
1.在整篇文章中,避免只是用一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。
2.使用不同长度的句子,通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
3.改变句子的开头方式,不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首,或用分词等。
4.学会使用过渡词。
如: ( 1) 递进furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, then, etc.
( 2)转折however, but, nevertheless, afte rwards,etc.
( 3) 总结finally, at last, in brief ,to conclude,etc.
(4)强调really, indeed, ce rtainly, surely, above all,etc.
( 5) 对比in the same way, just as, on the otherhand,etc.
5. 避免重复使用同一单词或词组。
6. 确定文章用第几人称写, 基本时态是什么。
三、坚持大量的写作实践
写作能力必须通过长期的、大量的反复实践才能获得。如果实践不够,即使学生完全掌握了课堂上所学的语言知识,也懂得了一定的写作技巧,一旦使用语言时,也难免开口结结巴巴,下笔力不从心。
总之,写作能力的培养和提高,有赖于扎实的基础、写作方法和大量的写作实践。只要我们从这点出发,充分调动学生的学习积极性,以学生为中心,创造良好的课内外语言环境,定能有效地促进学生写作能力的形成,改变目前学生写作能力弱的现状,在写作方面,推动外语教学再上新台阶。
英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能，恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场，开启话题，可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
英语议论文范文篇1
My opinion on copying others' homework
It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.
In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the school.We should be honest and work hard to get high scores.If we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.
英语议论文范文篇2
Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.
If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.
英语议论文范文篇3
In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the lake.Behind him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s bucket.It is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.
They copy them without the fear that they might be caught.For a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.
So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.
翻译
在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼，在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然，作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行，有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。
他们抄袭他人作品，不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少，现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格，而且污染学术风气，它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延，破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是，这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。
① 网上聊天越来越流行 ② 有人反对它，有人赞同。 ③ 我的看法 With the development of IT, online chatting is becoming increasingly popular with many people. However, people’s opinions about it vary from person to person. Some think that it has more problems than benefits. First, it is a waste of time, energy and money as it doesn’t produce any useful information and products. Second, it is misleading to its users because cyberspace is actually an imaginary space where things are unreal or fictional. But the advocates of online chatting support it because it is another way of recreation which is both exciting and relaxing. Besides, it helps them release their emotions and worries freely and safely. To them, it is very useful and wonderful. As far as I am concerned, whether online chatting is good or bad depends on the person who does it. So long as we can keep ourselves under good control, we can use it scientifically and properly without its bad effects. 议论文范文 2 As students, we always have a lot of exams/tests every term. Tests are used nowadays to check/examine/measure how well /effectively students study. Exams are a very useful and important educational tool of measurement. However, exams have some side effects of their own. First, some exams can’t reflect the real progress students make. Second, too difficult or too many exams force students to cheat in exams. Too many exams force students to study for the sake of exams only, to name just a few. In my opinion, advantages of exams far outweigh their disadvantages. Despite their side effects, exams can on the whole check and show how well students study scientifically and accurately. At least so far there has been not any method that take their place in education. Besides, exams seem to be fair to all students as they are objective and everyone is equal before test results. To conclude, exams may continue to exist in our education for a long time before they are replaced by some better measurement methods. 记叙文范文 Eye-witness account of a traffic accident 假如你在某日某地某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书如下： 1. 车祸发生的时间和地点 2. 你所见到的车祸的情况 3. 你对车祸原因的分析 I witnessed a traffic accident on the street at about 5p.m. yesterday. Here is my account of it. It happened at 5p.m. yesterday at the Xiao Zai intersection when I was on my way back to my school. A taxi ran into a cycling boy riding across Chang An Road near the crossroad. When the taxi pulled up abruptly after the driver realized what had happened, the boy was already lying on the ground, bleeding and crying aloud. In 5 minutes, an ambulance came and took away the wounded boy. There is no knowing how it came about. But I suppose it was because the boy ran the red light and the taxi driver took it for granted that there would be no pedestrian or cyclist would cross the road at that moment. This accident warns us of the danger of ignoring traffic regulations. 图表文范文 1. 描写该图并用数字说明 2. 分析其原因及未来的趋势 3. 结论 With the rapid economic growth in China, there has been an increasingly great demand for fuel resources. Among them, natural gas is clean, convenient and inexpensive. The above graph shows the output of natural gas in China between 1991 and 1995. As can be seen from the graph, there had been a steady increase in its output since 1991. In 1991, there was only 15.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas produced in China. After that, almost every year witnessed a steady increase by 0.5 billion cubic meters. By 1995, the output had increased to 17.5 billion cubic meters, an increase by about 13% over that of 1991. There are many factors leading to this sharp increase in its output. To name only a few, the greater industrial demand, demands from daily life, convenience and cleanness in itself, etc. stimulate its output increase. In conclusion, we can safely predict the output will continue to increase in the foreseeable future because of the greater demands for it. Sample 5. A Letter of Complaint Directions: Write a letter of no less than 120 words to your neighbour, who lives above your apartment in the same building and makes a lot of noise recently at night. Your letter should be polite but tell him or her clearly that you want him/her to stop making noise at night and why. Write a letter in the space provided on the Answer Sheet.Dear Sir/Madam: I am your neighbor living downstairs under your apartment in the same building. I am writing you to make a complaint to you./I am writing you to complain of the noise you make during the night. Recently you are making noise during the night that has disturbed my rest. Almost every night, there comes some noise from your apartment just as I go to bed and am on my way to a dream. I wonder what the noise is. Are you repairing your furniture? Are you doing physical exercises? However, whatever you do at that time of the night, you have to take your neighbors and their rest into consideration. In a word, you are disturbing both your other neighbors and me. Therefore/So, please stop making noise at night. Take care. Yours friendly neighbor Sample 6. Natural Gas Output in China With the rapid economic growth in China, there has been an increasing demand for fuel resources. Among them, natural gas is clean, convenient and inexpensive. The above graph shows the output of natural gas in China between 1991 and 1995. As can be seen from the graph, there had been a steady increase in its output since 1991. In 1991, there was only 15.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas produced in China. After that, almost every year witnessed a steady increase by 0.5 billion cubic meters. By 1995, the output had increased to 17.5 billion cubic meters, an increase by about 13% over that of 1991. There are many factors leading to this sharp increase in its output. To name only a few, the greater industrial demand, demands from daily life, convenience and cleanness in itself, etc. stimulate its output increase. In conclusion, we can safely predict the output will continue to increase in the foreseeable future because of the greater demands for it. Sample 7. The Importance of Interpersonal Communication. 1. 人人需要与他人交流 2. 人际交流的重要性 3. 结论 Entering the 21st century, man is now in an age of information and knowledge. In such an age, interpersonal communication plays an increasingly important role and all people have to communicate with others. Why is interpersonal communication so important? First, it helps people understand each other better. Second, it helps people get more information and knowledge. Third, without interpersonal communication, our life would become a desert of emotion and friendship. Last but not the least, communication between people makes our life lively, interesting and lovely. In a word, humans, as social animals, have to communicate with each other, the importance of which can never be overemphasized. Why is interpersonal communication so important? Interpersonal communication is just like a bridge of understanding between people. For example, it helps students to learn more effectively if one can communicate more with his teachers and classmates. In a family, communication makes the family members understand each other better and get closer. In the workplace, communication between the employer and the employed creates a friendly and helpful working environment.Sample 8 How to Study Effectively As students, we have to study almost every day. However, how can we study effectively? Probably not everybody knows. Have a look at the following graph and we may know better about this. This graph shows the relationship between the amount of study efficiency and the hours spent in studying in a day. From it, we can see that more hours of study do not necessarily result in better or higher study efficiency. In the graph, the best amount of efficiency or the optimum of efficiency comes when one has studied for about 5.5 hours. However, the efficiency begins to drop as he studies longer than 5.5. By the time when one has studied for 10 hours in a day, his efficiency of study may become nothing or zero. In conclusion, there is always a maximum of efficiency and time for study in a day. More time spent in study doesn’t always mean better efficiency. This may tell us how we can study effectively.
Coping with Pressure Because of the high developing speed of the world, pressure has bee a serious problem in nowadays. As our students, we also have to face with much pressure, such as the study pressure, exam pressure,relationship pressure and so on. But how can we cope with pressure? This is the most important. 由于世界的高度发展,压力已经成为现今一个严重的问题.作为学生,我们也必须面对压力,比如学习压力,考试压力,关系压力等等.但是,怎样缓解压力呢?这是最重要的. Firstly, we should face the pressure appropriately. Pressure is inevitable in our daily life, so we can't be afraid of them and try our best to cope with them. Secondly, tell our pressure to others. Talking is a very effective way to ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and solutions. Finally, trust ourselves. We should believe ourselves that we can deal with any troubles by ourselves or by others' help. 首先,我们应该正对面对压力.压力是我们日常生活中不可避免的,所以我们不能害怕她,要尽力去解决它们.其次,向别人倾诉压力.聊天是缓解压力的有效方式,在聊天过程中,我们可能会得到一些建议和解决方法.最后,要相信自己.我们应该相信自己我们可以通过自己或他人的帮助处理任何麻烦. 对于压力每个人都有话说,上述例文供大家写作参考!
How can high school students relax under the pressure from school? As we all know, the high school curriculum is being increasingly tight-scheduled and pressuring. Thus it is not a surprise that many school aged children are constantly stressed and worried. However, it is important for them to relax from those stresses in order to achieve their academic potential. The most beneficial and aessible way to relieve stress is through playing sport. It allows the students to have fun; increase their teamwork awareness and improve their health. Studies also show that students who exercise regularly are more likely to do well in school. Other activities they can undertake include reading novels, watching some TV programs and socialise with friends. Playing puter games and indulgence in televised entertainment are not remended. This is because they put a great burden on the eyes of the young students; and these forms of entertainment are usually so enticing that they draw students away from their school work. Thus, students should relax via beneficial and productive means. one *** art 谢老师
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language今天太晚明天再写
orphanage.孤儿院。其实希望你自己写的。 补充： dear gina, haven't seen you for ages! i miss you very much! during these three moths i was working in an orphanage as an volunteer. everyday, we volunters play and eat with those lovely children.we help them to wash clothes and sometimes 补充： went out camping together.i didn,t think the 孤儿院 was full of somber feeling,because we all love those children. that's all. i really appreciate to see you soon.然后落款……
学生志愿者基本上都是镀金的。自带干粮，免费干活，换取政治资本。对于那种勤工俭学，交学费的苦逼学生来说，当志愿者是一件很奢侈的事情。 ========== 楼主把上面这段汉语翻译成英语，差不多字数够80.
立意.审题之后,就该考虑要写什么,要表达什么,在心中有个大概的轮廓,就像我们读到一本书里的内容简介一样.这个思考的过程就是立意的过程,也是确定作文基本内容的过程,在这个过程中就知道了自己要写什么,这样作文的标题就出来了.标题是作文的核心,作文是围绕标题而写的,有了标题立意,写起来就顺手了,就像迷失方向的时候看到指南针一样,朝着那个方向奔跑吧. 构思.当弄清试题的要求,知道该写什么后,就要开始构思了.构思可以在脑子中进行,如果思绪太乱,就拿笔在草稿上列出提纲.首先想好时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果,确定开头写什么,中间写什么,结尾写什么.回忆自己经历或听说的人与事,看到的物与景,按作文要求巧妙穿插与结合,把每一段落该写什么都列在提纲上,一段一段的写.这样,写的时候每一段落都可以是一篇单独的作文,思路清晰,一气呵成.
从网上搜的，我正在写着呢，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，当然是自己写，嗯，也有借鉴
recently. a discussion has been held in our school on whether it is reasonable to divide the students into different class aording to their grades. 50％ of the students support the action.哎，悬分， they express that this make everyone get what they need.iafter all.students are easy to main these class.what is more teacher.s will it easer to teach them.progresswith by
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language
对事物的性质，特征等故意地夸张或缩小。作用：提示事物本质，烘托气氛，加强渲染力，引起联想效果。类别特点例句扩大夸张对事物形状、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以夸大柏油路晒化了，甚至铺户门前的铜牌好像也要晒化缩小夸张对事物形象、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以缩小只能看到巴掌大的一块天地超前夸张把后出现的说成先出现，把先出现的说成后出现她还没有端酒杯，就醉了。 把物当做人写，赋予物以人的言行或思想感情，用描写人的词来描写物。作用：把禽兽鸟虫花草树木或其他无生命的事物当成人写，使具体事物人格化，语言生动形象。如：桃树、杏树、梨树、你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。
您好，英语作文表达观点一般在开头说明，然后在第二段详细解释，最后一段呼应。1、首先，文章的主题要在第一段说明。例：On my opinion，the mobile phone is harmful for students.在我看来，手机对学生是有害的。2、接着，在第二段对观点详细阐述。例：The phone will be distracted, resulting in decreased efficiency lectures, affecting academic performance.手机会分散注意力，导致听课效率下降，影响学习成绩。还可以说手机对学生视力，健康方面的影响。3、最后，在第三段再次强调观点。To sum up, students can be affected by mobile phone that can lead to a decline in there academic.综上所述，学生可能会被手机影响导致他们的学习成绩下降。以上就是关于表达观点的英语作文，希望能够帮到您，望采纳！
首先你要确定好自己的主意，接着你举一些例子就可以验证自己的想法就可以了
① 网上聊天越来越流行 ② 有人反对它，有人赞同。 ③ 我的看法 With the development of IT, online chatting is becoming increasingly popular with many people. However, people’s opinions about it vary from person to person. Some think that it has more problems than benefits. First, it is a waste of time, energy and money as it doesn’t produce any useful information and products. Second, it is misleading to its users because cyberspace is actually an imaginary space where things are unreal or fictional. But the advocates of online chatting support it because it is another way of recreation which is both exciting and relaxing. Besides, it helps them release their emotions and worries freely and safely. To them, it is very useful and wonderful. As far as I am concerned, whether online chatting is good or bad depends on the person who does it. So long as we can keep ourselves under good control, we can use it scientifically and properly without its bad effects. 议论文范文 2 As students, we always have a lot of exams/tests every term. Tests are used nowadays to check/examine/measure how well /effectively students study. Exams are a very useful and important educational tool of measurement. However, exams have some side effects of their own. First, some exams can’t reflect the real progress students make. Second, too difficult or too many exams force students to cheat in exams. Too many exams force students to study for the sake of exams only, to name just a few. In my opinion, advantages of exams far outweigh their disadvantages. Despite their side effects, exams can on the whole check and show how well students study scientifically and accurately. At least so far there has been not any method that take their place in education. Besides, exams seem to be fair to all students as they are objective and everyone is equal before test results. To conclude, exams may continue to exist in our education for a long time before they are replaced by some better measurement methods. 记叙文范文 Eye-witness account of a traffic accident 假如你在某日某地某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书如下： 1. 车祸发生的时间和地点 2. 你所见到的车祸的情况 3. 你对车祸原因的分析 I witnessed a traffic accident on the street at about 5p.m. yesterday. Here is my account of it. It happened at 5p.m. yesterday at the Xiao Zai intersection when I was on my way back to my school. A taxi ran into a cycling boy riding across Chang An Road near the crossroad. When the taxi pulled up abruptly after the driver realized what had happened, the boy was already lying on the ground, bleeding and crying aloud. In 5 minutes, an ambulance came and took away the wounded boy. There is no knowing how it came about. But I suppose it was because the boy ran the red light and the taxi driver took it for granted that there would be no pedestrian or cyclist would cross the road at that moment. This accident warns us of the danger of ignoring traffic regulations. 图表文范文 1. 描写该图并用数字说明 2. 分析其原因及未来的趋势 3. 结论 With the rapid economic growth in China, there has been an increasingly great demand for fuel resources. Among them, natural gas is clean, convenient and inexpensive. The above graph shows the output of natural gas in China between 1991 and 1995. As can be seen from the graph, there had been a steady increase in its output since 1991. In 1991, there was only 15.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas produced in China. After that, almost every year witnessed a steady increase by 0.5 billion cubic meters. By 1995, the output had increased to 17.5 billion cubic meters, an increase by about 13% over that of 1991. There are many factors leading to this sharp increase in its output. To name only a few, the greater industrial demand, demands from daily life, convenience and cleanness in itself, etc. stimulate its output increase. In conclusion, we can safely predict the output will continue to increase in the foreseeable future because of the greater demands for it. Sample 5. A Letter of Complaint Directions: Write a letter of no less than 120 words to your neighbour, who lives above your apartment in the same building and makes a lot of noise recently at night. Your letter should be polite but tell him or her clearly that you want him/her to stop making noise at night and why. Write a letter in the space provided on the Answer Sheet.Dear Sir/Madam: I am your neighbor living downstairs under your apartment in the same building. I am writing you to make a complaint to you./I am writing you to complain of the noise you make during the night. Recently you are making noise during the night that has disturbed my rest. Almost every night, there comes some noise from your apartment just as I go to bed and am on my way to a dream. I wonder what the noise is. Are you repairing your furniture? Are you doing physical exercises? However, whatever you do at that time of the night, you have to take your neighbors and their rest into consideration. In a word, you are disturbing both your other neighbors and me. Therefore/So, please stop making noise at night. Take care. Yours friendly neighbor Sample 6. Natural Gas Output in China With the rapid economic growth in China, there has been an increasing demand for fuel resources. Among them, natural gas is clean, convenient and inexpensive. The above graph shows the output of natural gas in China between 1991 and 1995. As can be seen from the graph, there had been a steady increase in its output since 1991. In 1991, there was only 15.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas produced in China. After that, almost every year witnessed a steady increase by 0.5 billion cubic meters. By 1995, the output had increased to 17.5 billion cubic meters, an increase by about 13% over that of 1991. There are many factors leading to this sharp increase in its output. To name only a few, the greater industrial demand, demands from daily life, convenience and cleanness in itself, etc. stimulate its output increase. In conclusion, we can safely predict the output will continue to increase in the foreseeable future because of the greater demands for it. Sample 7. The Importance of Interpersonal Communication. 1. 人人需要与他人交流 2. 人际交流的重要性 3. 结论 Entering the 21st century, man is now in an age of information and knowledge. In such an age, interpersonal communication plays an increasingly important role and all people have to communicate with others. Why is interpersonal communication so important? First, it helps people understand each other better. Second, it helps people get more information and knowledge. Third, without interpersonal communication, our life would become a desert of emotion and friendship. Last but not the least, communication between people makes our life lively, interesting and lovely. In a word, humans, as social animals, have to communicate with each other, the importance of which can never be overemphasized. Why is interpersonal communication so important? Interpersonal communication is just like a bridge of understanding between people. For example, it helps students to learn more effectively if one can communicate more with his teachers and classmates. In a family, communication makes the family members understand each other better and get closer. In the workplace, communication between the employer and the employed creates a friendly and helpful working environment.Sample 8 How to Study Effectively As students, we have to study almost every day. However, how can we study effectively? Probably not everybody knows. Have a look at the following graph and we may know better about this. This graph shows the relationship between the amount of study efficiency and the hours spent in studying in a day. From it, we can see that more hours of study do not necessarily result in better or higher study efficiency. In the graph, the best amount of efficiency or the optimum of efficiency comes when one has studied for about 5.5 hours. However, the efficiency begins to drop as he studies longer than 5.5. By the time when one has studied for 10 hours in a day, his efficiency of study may become nothing or zero. In conclusion, there is always a maximum of efficiency and time for study in a day. More time spent in study doesn’t always mean better efficiency. This may tell us how we can study effectively.
英语写作能力是大学英语教学阶段对学生语言能力培养的一个重要方面，而议论文又是英语写作中常用的文体。以下是我为大家整理的关于300字英语议论文带翻译，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
300字英语议论文带翻译篇1
With the development scientific technology and the improvement of people’s life standard, a growing number of e-books have been available for the readers. Therefore, some people hold the idea that e-books will replace traditional books in the future, because the former is more advantageous than the latter, such as more convenient and less expensive.
随着科技的发展和人们生活水平的提高，读者可以看到越来越多的电子书。因此，有些人认为电子书在未来会取代传统书籍，因为前者比后者更有优势，如更方便和更便宜。
However, as far as I am concerned, e-books will not and cannot replace traditional books. First, compared with traditional books, we cannot get the same pleasure from reading e-books in that e-books are easier to make our eyes to be tired and dry when reading. Second, with concern about copyright, there are many books are not available in digital form, especially classics. In other words, the resource of e-books is quite limited and cannot satisfy the readers. Third, there is a function of traditional books that e-books do not have—as a gift and a collection. I suppose that those who love reading would be willing to keep a printed form even though he has read the electronic form of it.
然而，我认为电子书不会、也不能取代传统书籍。首先，与传统书籍相比，从电子书中我们不能获得同样的乐趣，因为电子书阅读的时候更容易使我们的眼睛累，干燥。第二，因为版权问题，有许多书是没有电子形式，尤其是一些经典著作。换句话说，电子书的资源是非常有限，无法满足读者。第三，传统书籍有一个电子书没有的功能——作为礼物或拿来收集。我想那些爱阅读的人会愿意保存着纸质版的书，尽管他已经阅读过电子版的了。
In a word, traditional books will continue to be the most important form in our reading.
总之，在阅读方面，传统书籍会一直成为最重要的形式。
300字英语议论文带翻译篇2
Recent decades have seen the rapid development of information technology. It plays a significant role in our daily life. According, our reading habits changes a lot, because there are more and more e-books come to our daily life. There is no doubt that e-books makes reading more convenient and comfortable. Therefore, there are hot debates about e-books will replace traditional books.
最近几十年已经见证了信息技术的飞速发展。它在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。随之，我们的阅读习惯改变了很多，因为在我们的日常生活中有越来越多的电子书。毫无疑问，电子书使阅读更方便和舒适。因此，关于电子书会取代传统书籍产生了激烈辩论。
Some people assert that e-books will replace traditional books. The following vies can support their views. In the first place, we have been used to reading e-books. When we want to do some reading, we may first search in on the Internet. Moreover, it saves us time and money. With e-books, we don’t have to go to the library to borrow or go to the bookstore to buy. Last but not least, at present, plenty of people like to reading books on the phone or computer, which is convenient to carry.
一些人认为电子书会取代传统书籍。以下的理由是支持他们的观点的。首先，我们已经习惯于阅读电子书。当我们想阅读的时候，我们首先可能会先在互联网上搜索。此外，电子书节约时间和金钱。有了电子书，我们不用去图书馆借阅或去书店买。最后但并非最不重要的，如今很多人们喜欢在便于携带的手机或电脑上阅读。
From the discussion above, I think in the future, the e-books will replace the traditional ones.
通过以上讨论，我认为在未来，电子书将会代替传统书籍。
300字英语议论文带翻译篇3
With the development of technology, more and more electric books are used by people; in the meantime, many people still read traditional books. I think both of them have their own advantages and disadvantages.
随着科技的发展，越来越多的人使用电子书;与此同时，很多人仍然在看传统书籍。我觉得两者都有优点和缺点。
Electric books and traditional books can be very different from each other. Electric books are light to carry, and they are so divers that you can read them on your mobile phone, MP4. To the contrary, the quality of traditional books can be well guaranteed. Moreover, most of electric books are network novel, and most of traditional books are professional books. Many people enjoy reading traditional book. Finally, if you read the electric book too long, you will feel dizzy with agitation. So reading the traditional books can make you healthy.
电子图书与传统书籍是非常不一样的。电子书很容易携带，他们是如此的不同，你可以看看你的手机，MP4上看。与此相反，传统图书的质量可以得到很好的保证。而且，大多数的电子图书都是网络小说，而传统的书籍则是专业书。许多人喜欢阅读传统书籍。最后，如果你看电子书刊太长时间，你会觉得头晕与心闷。所以阅读传统书籍可以让你健康。
However, they have one thing in common that is they provide us knowledge. I think they will develop better in the future to make up their disadvantages.
英语作文写作是英语学习的重要内容,也是英语学习的最终目标。下面，是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文范文，希望对你有帮助!
高中英语作文议论文范文篇1
Encouraging Buying Cars Isn’t Fit For Today
目前不适合鼓励买车
Nowadays, we can often hear the discussion whether buying cars should be encouraged. Some people suggest that we should buy cars. But others claim that driving cars is not a wise idea. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion.
To begin with, there are few parking lots, so the streets are made narrower by the cars parked along the roads. For example, my father could not find any place to park when we went to the supermarket.
Moreover, many drivers do not obey regulations, because people do not pay enough attention to the rule of traffic. For instance, I often see people cross the road when the traffic lights are still red.
Last but not least, the growth of new roads’construction is usually slower than the increasing number of cars. For example, the length of the road has gone up by 20% in 2002. However, the number of cars increased by 50% in the meantime.
From what have been discussed above, we could draw a conclusion that encouraging buying cars is not fit for today.
as far as I am concerned 就我看
in favor of 赞成
to begin with 首先
for example =for instance 例如
moreover 并且
last but not least 其次
in the meantime 同时draw a conclusion 得出结论
高中英语作文议论文范文篇2
The Good and Bad Sides of Setting off Firecrackers
燃放鞭炮的利与弊
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion. As a result, 40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival, therefore, it is a wonderful tradition. But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% have never thought about it or don’t care a bit.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers
燃放鞭炮的利与弊
as a result 结果
It is a wonderful tradition. 它是一个优良传统。
what’s worse 更糟的是
think about 想起，想到
高中英语作文议论文范文篇3
Disability
残疾
There are too many disabled people in the world. They have no differences from country to country. Some of them were disabled when they were born, the others were injured or hurt in all kinds of accidents, which made them disabled. Almost all of us feel sorry for them. We commiserate with them because they are another kind of people. But some disabled people refuse others’commiseration. They think they can do everything by themselves. They don’t consider themselves as people who have defects. They think they are the same as normal people.
In fact, a great number of people with disabilities should be taken care of by others. They get help from the government or some beneficent organizations in society. But that’s not enough. They must look after themselves on their own. When a baby with disabilities is born, it should be taught to learn some particular skills to live. Or else, it would fail in the future. So one with disabilities must have abundant confidence to fit the hard life without others’help.
too many disabled people 太多残疾人
commiserate with them 同情他们
consider themselves as 把自己当作……
the same as 和……同样
taken care of 照看，照顾
look after themselves on their own 自己照顾自己
or else 否则in the future 将来
Coping with Pressure Because of the high developing speed of the world, pressure has bee a serious problem in nowadays. As our students, we also have to face with much pressure, such as the study pressure, exam pressure,relationship pressure and so on. But how can we cope with pressure? This is the most important. 由于世界的高度发展,压力已经成为现今一个严重的问题.作为学生,我们也必须面对压力,比如学习压力,考试压力,关系压力等等.但是,怎样缓解压力呢?这是最重要的. Firstly, we should face the pressure appropriately. Pressure is inevitable in our daily life, so we can't be afraid of them and try our best to cope with them. Secondly, tell our pressure to others. Talking is a very effective way to ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and solutions. Finally, trust ourselves. We should believe ourselves that we can deal with any troubles by ourselves or by others' help. 首先,我们应该正对面对压力.压力是我们日常生活中不可避免的,所以我们不能害怕她,要尽力去解决它们.其次,向别人倾诉压力.聊天是缓解压力的有效方式,在聊天过程中,我们可能会得到一些建议和解决方法.最后,要相信自己.我们应该相信自己我们可以通过自己或他人的帮助处理任何麻烦. 对于压力每个人都有话说,上述例文供大家写作参考!
How can high school students relax under the pressure from school? As we all know, the high school curriculum is being increasingly tight-scheduled and pressuring. Thus it is not a surprise that many school aged children are constantly stressed and worried. However, it is important for them to relax from those stresses in order to achieve their academic potential. The most beneficial and aessible way to relieve stress is through playing sport. It allows the students to have fun; increase their teamwork awareness and improve their health. Studies also show that students who exercise regularly are more likely to do well in school. Other activities they can undertake include reading novels, watching some TV programs and socialise with friends. Playing puter games and indulgence in televised entertainment are not remended. This is because they put a great burden on the eyes of the young students; and these forms of entertainment are usually so enticing that they draw students away from their school work. Thus, students should relax via beneficial and productive means. one *** art 谢老师
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language今天太晚明天再写
orphanage.孤儿院。其实希望你自己写的。 补充： dear gina, haven't seen you for ages! i miss you very much! during these three moths i was working in an orphanage as an volunteer. everyday, we volunters play and eat with those lovely children.we help them to wash clothes and sometimes 补充： went out camping together.i didn,t think the 孤儿院 was full of somber feeling,because we all love those children. that's all. i really appreciate to see you soon.然后落款……
学生志愿者基本上都是镀金的。自带干粮，免费干活，换取政治资本。对于那种勤工俭学，交学费的苦逼学生来说，当志愿者是一件很奢侈的事情。 ========== 楼主把上面这段汉语翻译成英语，差不多字数够80.
立意.审题之后,就该考虑要写什么,要表达什么,在心中有个大概的轮廓,就像我们读到一本书里的内容简介一样.这个思考的过程就是立意的过程,也是确定作文基本内容的过程,在这个过程中就知道了自己要写什么,这样作文的标题就出来了.标题是作文的核心,作文是围绕标题而写的,有了标题立意,写起来就顺手了,就像迷失方向的时候看到指南针一样,朝着那个方向奔跑吧. 构思.当弄清试题的要求,知道该写什么后,就要开始构思了.构思可以在脑子中进行,如果思绪太乱,就拿笔在草稿上列出提纲.首先想好时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果,确定开头写什么,中间写什么,结尾写什么.回忆自己经历或听说的人与事,看到的物与景,按作文要求巧妙穿插与结合,把每一段落该写什么都列在提纲上,一段一段的写.这样,写的时候每一段落都可以是一篇单独的作文,思路清晰,一气呵成.
从网上搜的，我正在写着呢，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，当然是自己写，嗯，也有借鉴
recently. a discussion has been held in our school on whether it is reasonable to divide the students into different class aording to their grades. 50％ of the students support the action.哎，悬分， they express that this make everyone get what they need.iafter all.students are easy to main these class.what is more teacher.s will it easer to teach them.progresswith by
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language
对事物的性质，特征等故意地夸张或缩小。作用：提示事物本质，烘托气氛，加强渲染力，引起联想效果。类别特点例句扩大夸张对事物形状、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以夸大柏油路晒化了，甚至铺户门前的铜牌好像也要晒化缩小夸张对事物形象、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以缩小只能看到巴掌大的一块天地超前夸张把后出现的说成先出现，把先出现的说成后出现她还没有端酒杯，就醉了。 把物当做人写，赋予物以人的言行或思想感情，用描写人的词来描写物。作用：把禽兽鸟虫花草树木或其他无生命的事物当成人写，使具体事物人格化，语言生动形象。如：桃树、杏树、梨树、你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。
Coping with Pressure Because of the high developing speed of the world, pressure has bee a serious problem in nowadays. As our students, we also have to face with much pressure, such as the study pressure, exam pressure,relationship pressure and so on. But how can we cope with pressure? This is the most important. 由于世界的高度发展,压力已经成为现今一个严重的问题.作为学生,我们也必须面对压力,比如学习压力,考试压力,关系压力等等.但是,怎样缓解压力呢?这是最重要的. Firstly, we should face the pressure appropriately. Pressure is inevitable in our daily life, so we can't be afraid of them and try our best to cope with them. Secondly, tell our pressure to others. Talking is a very effective way to ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and solutions. Finally, trust ourselves. We should believe ourselves that we can deal with any troubles by ourselves or by others' help. 首先,我们应该正对面对压力.压力是我们日常生活中不可避免的,所以我们不能害怕她,要尽力去解决它们.其次,向别人倾诉压力.聊天是缓解压力的有效方式,在聊天过程中,我们可能会得到一些建议和解决方法.最后,要相信自己.我们应该相信自己我们可以通过自己或他人的帮助处理任何麻烦. 对于压力每个人都有话说,上述例文供大家写作参考!
How can high school students relax under the pressure from school? As we all know, the high school curriculum is being increasingly tight-scheduled and pressuring. Thus it is not a surprise that many school aged children are constantly stressed and worried. However, it is important for them to relax from those stresses in order to achieve their academic potential. The most beneficial and aessible way to relieve stress is through playing sport. It allows the students to have fun; increase their teamwork awareness and improve their health. Studies also show that students who exercise regularly are more likely to do well in school. Other activities they can undertake include reading novels, watching some TV programs and socialise with friends. Playing puter games and indulgence in televised entertainment are not remended. This is because they put a great burden on the eyes of the young students; and these forms of entertainment are usually so enticing that they draw students away from their school work. Thus, students should relax via beneficial and productive means. one *** art 谢老师
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language今天太晚明天再写
orphanage.孤儿院。其实希望你自己写的。 补充： dear gina, haven't seen you for ages! i miss you very much! during these three moths i was working in an orphanage as an volunteer. everyday, we volunters play and eat with those lovely children.we help them to wash clothes and sometimes 补充： went out camping together.i didn,t think the 孤儿院 was full of somber feeling,because we all love those children. that's all. i really appreciate to see you soon.然后落款……
学生志愿者基本上都是镀金的。自带干粮，免费干活，换取政治资本。对于那种勤工俭学，交学费的苦逼学生来说，当志愿者是一件很奢侈的事情。 ========== 楼主把上面这段汉语翻译成英语，差不多字数够80.
立意.审题之后,就该考虑要写什么,要表达什么,在心中有个大概的轮廓,就像我们读到一本书里的内容简介一样.这个思考的过程就是立意的过程,也是确定作文基本内容的过程,在这个过程中就知道了自己要写什么,这样作文的标题就出来了.标题是作文的核心,作文是围绕标题而写的,有了标题立意,写起来就顺手了,就像迷失方向的时候看到指南针一样,朝着那个方向奔跑吧. 构思.当弄清试题的要求,知道该写什么后,就要开始构思了.构思可以在脑子中进行,如果思绪太乱,就拿笔在草稿上列出提纲.首先想好时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果,确定开头写什么,中间写什么,结尾写什么.回忆自己经历或听说的人与事,看到的物与景,按作文要求巧妙穿插与结合,把每一段落该写什么都列在提纲上,一段一段的写.这样,写的时候每一段落都可以是一篇单独的作文,思路清晰,一气呵成.
从网上搜的，我正在写着呢，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，当然是自己写，嗯，也有借鉴
recently. a discussion has been held in our school on whether it is reasonable to divide the students into different class aording to their grades. 50％ of the students support the action.哎，悬分， they express that this make everyone get what they need.iafter all.students are easy to main these class.what is more teacher.s will it easer to teach them.progresswith by
Dear Mr.Yuan Guiren, your honered minister of Education Ministry of China, I am a student in (the name of your college or school in English). I am sorry to take your time to read my letter to you, as I know you must be too busy! However, as a hardworking Chinese student I do think I have the desire to be responsible for every Chinese student to express our unbearable experience in paying great time and effort to learn a very different but out of practice languageh "English" for any whatever majored student. Honest speaking, I think it is somewhat useful for certain kind of students, but for me it is letely no use---now or in my future. Because my major has nothing to do with this strange language
对事物的性质，特征等故意地夸张或缩小。作用：提示事物本质，烘托气氛，加强渲染力，引起联想效果。类别特点例句扩大夸张对事物形状、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以夸大柏油路晒化了，甚至铺户门前的铜牌好像也要晒化缩小夸张对事物形象、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以缩小只能看到巴掌大的一块天地超前夸张把后出现的说成先出现，把先出现的说成后出现她还没有端酒杯，就醉了。 把物当做人写，赋予物以人的言行或思想感情，用描写人的词来描写物。作用：把禽兽鸟虫花草树木或其他无生命的事物当成人写，使具体事物人格化，语言生动形象。如：桃树、杏树、梨树、你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。
express ones's own opinions，望采纳
发表对....的看法Publish a view of...发表对....的看法Publish a view of...
英语翻译教学在高校英语教学中起着重要作用,它直接影响了学生的英语使用能力。尤其在经济全球化不断发展的当今社会,加强英语翻译教学不仅关系着大学生的就业前景,更与我国经济发展密切相连。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译论文，供大家参考。
英语翻译论文 范文 一：中西方 文化 在英语翻译方面的差异性
一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性
(一)地理环境因素
“一方山水养一方人”，不同的地域和环境必然造就不同的民族文化。中国是一个幅员辽阔、地大物博、物产丰富的农业大国，这就使我国形成了一种典型的农耕文化。中国人注重人与自然、人与人之间的和谐与统一，故在许多 成语 中都与土地有关，如“土豪劣绅”“、土生土长”和“土崩瓦解”等。而英国则是一个典型的岛国，其四面被海水环绕，故其航海技术一直处于世界领先地位，这也促使其所形成的文化中都与水或航海有一定的联系，如在比喻一个人挥霍金钱的时候，会用“Spendmoneylikewa-ter”(挥金如土)来加以描述;在形容一个人的形体单薄、虚弱的时候则用“asweakaswater”(弱不禁风)来加以描述;而在告别友人的时候则会用“haveagoodsailing”(一路顺风)来加以描述等。因此，只有掌握了中西民族文化之间的差异性，才能够正确对语句进行理解和翻译。
(二)宗教信仰因素
宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式，其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多，但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义，如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神，其法力无边，这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以基督教为主，他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰，其无所不能，这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人，成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此，为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的，我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。
二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略
(一)导入异国文化
中西翻译的差异性。因此，为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度，教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是，教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外，教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外，还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如，英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语，这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”，但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”，这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ，传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛)，但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解，则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。
(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性
英语结构区别于汉语结构，其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用，并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系，这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外，英语表述中特别忌讳重复，如果出现重复的问题，通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示，但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。
(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧
在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后，教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧，从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先，词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段，其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次，英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同，只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。
三、结语
总之，中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力，教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统，从而使学生做到“知己知彼”，然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧，从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。
英语翻译论文范文二：生物 医学英语 翻译得体性原则
1得体性原则及在翻译中的适用性
“得体”一词在《现代汉语词典》中的释义如下:“(言语、行动等)得当;恰当;恰如其分。”其他词典的解释与此大体相类。这是一种宽泛意义上的解释。难以确切理解其内涵，不大好把握，运用起来常常带有不同程度的盲目性、随意性。从修辞学理论的高度来衡量，离规范性、科学性相距甚远。王希杰先生在《修辞学通论》中则指出:语言的“得体性指的是语言材料对语言环境的适应程度。脱离了特定的语言环境，就没有得体不得体的问题。”他说:“修辞的原则只有一条，那就是得体性原则。一切其他的原则都从属于这个原则，都是这个最高原则的派生物。这个最高原则制约着和控制着一切其他的原则。”[1]王先生的定义简洁、明确，认为得体是语用的最高原则。聂炎[2]在《得体性原则两题》一文中对语言表达如何适应语体进行了 总结 :“每一种语体一般来说都有表现自己本身特点的不同的语料和表达手段，即常常有自己的专用词语、专用句法结构和篇章结构、语言风格等等，这是该语体区别于彼语体的重要之点。言语思维主体在选词 造句 时只有同语体和谐一致，即得语体之“体”，才可能有良好的表达效果。”翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的交际活动，翻译过程可以定义为理解原文并创造性地运用另一种语言再现原文的过程，即语言使用的过程。[3]而得体又是语用的最高原则。因此，得体性语用原则在翻译中的适用性不言而喻。翻译的语用问题，归根到底，强调的是语言信息所采取的形式，必须由使用该语言的环境来决定，其根本是语言表达切合语境的得体性。[4]
2生物医学英语的特征及得体性翻译原则的具体内涵
从广义上来说，得体性语用原则适用于一切译作，但是，根据原作的文体不同，在具体要求上就各有侧重。生物医学英语属于科技文体的范畴。典型的科技英语是“专家与专家”交流的涉及学科的研究和发展的书面性英语。[5]其功能主要是述说事理、描写现象、推导公式、论证规律，其特点是结构严谨、逻辑严密、行文规范、用词准确，技术术语正确，修辞手段较少。[6]针对这些特点，科技英语翻译中的得体表现为忠实和通顺。所谓忠实，就是要完整地、准确地表达原作的思想内容，同时还需保持原文风格。这是对科技翻译的首要的、也是最起码的要求。原作的内容和风格是客观存在的。译者的任务，就是要把这种客观存在原封不动地传达给非原文读者。翻译虽然是语言的一种再创作，但毕竟和纯粹的创作有着本质的区别。译者必须忠实于原作，决不可自作主张，对原作进行随意的篡改、增删。所谓通顺，对科技翻译来说，虽然不像翻译文学小说那样要求雅致优美、姿态横生，也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫、押韵合辙，但至少应保证译文语言符合汉语的语言规范和修辞习惯，文从字顺、明白流畅，而不能生造一些不伦不类的词句，或对原作拘泥太过，以致译文出现文理不通、结构混乱和拖泥带水的现象。在翻译实践中，若“忠实”和“通顺”二者不可兼得的情况下首先要考虑前者，即忠实、准确、规范地传达原作的意思，因为科学的灵魂是“真”，科技翻译的灵魂是“准确”。在医学文献翻译中，一字之差就可能断送病人性命;在工程技术翻译中，一个数据之误可能导致重大的技术事故。因此，“忠实”是科技翻译的根本和前提，而“通顺”是实施科技翻译达到完美的一种手段和途径。[7]
3得体性翻译原则在生物医学英语翻译中的具体运用
要实现生物医学英语翻译的篇章译文得体，就必须在词、词组、句子、段落等各语言平面上对译入语可能有的几个同义而结构不尽相同的语言形式精心选择，选择除了涉及语言结构因素(如词性、词语搭配、上下文)之外，还与文体有关。选择的目的是使译文得体，得语言和文体之体。以下通过辨析不同译文以具体说明如何实现生物医学英语各语言平面翻译的得体。
3.1词的得体
3.1.1表达规范
《现代汉语》指出:科技语体讲究论证的逻辑性，要求语言规范。[8]例1Electroporationisusedtomakesmall，temporaryholesinthemembranesoDNAcanpassin.译1:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成小的獉獉、暂时的孔洞獉獉獉獉獉从而使DNA通过。译2:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成瞬时微獉獉獉孔獉从而使DNA通过。例2Thesefindingssuggestthatoralim-munemodulationmayrepresentanattractivether-apeuticapproachtoatherosclerosis.译1:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种诱人的獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新 方法 。译2:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种引人注目的獉獉獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新方法。以上两例中的“小的、暂时的孔洞”以及“诱人的”用语不正式，且读来疲软。而译2中的“瞬时微孔”及“引人注目的”用语平稳、凝重、冷穆，符合科技英语的特征。
3.1.2用词准确
例3PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)isamolecularbiologicalmethodforamplifyingDNAwithoutusingalivingorganism，suchasE.colioryeast.译1:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩大獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译2:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩增獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译文1把amplify译成“扩大”，但根据生物学知识判断，这里的amplify是“creatingmultiplecopies(产生多个克隆)”的意思，所以译成“扩增”更准确。
3.2词组得体
3.2.1精炼、符合汉语表达习惯
例4Theabilityofmonoclonalantibody(mAb)tospecificallylocalizeintumortissuesinvivooffersanattractivetherapeuticapproachforcancertherapy.However，treatmentwithmAba-lonehasonlyachievedverylimitedsuccessintheclinic.译1:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上取得了非常有限的成功獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上收效甚微獉獉獉獉。例5Asimmunologybecomesbettercharac-terized，immunomodulatorhasprovenasoneofthemostprevalentareasinthedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.译1:随着免疫学变得更富特征獉獉獉獉獉獉，免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个最流行的领域獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:随着免疫学的进一步发展獉獉獉獉獉，免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个 热点 獉獉。以上两例中译2优于译1之处在于:译2表达正式规范有力，且更符合汉语习惯。由于英汉词组的构成和功能差异较大，所以总的要求是在“信”的前提下，既要充分表达原意，又要符合译入语语言形式上和修辞的和谐。科技英语中存在大量惯用和非惯用的四字词组，如asshowninfigure(如图所示)，withoutlossoftime(不失时机)，convertwastesintousefulmaterials(废物利用)等。合理使用这些四字词组，能起到精确紧凑，简洁明晰的效果，为译文增色不少。
3.2.2专业规范
例6Thespleenmayaddbloodtothegen-eralcirculationtomakeupforwhathasbeenlostinthebody.译1:脾脏能给总循环獉獉獉增加血液，以补偿獉獉獉身体的损失獉獉獉獉獉。译2:脾脏能给周身循环獉獉獉獉增加血液，以补獉獉偿身体所失去的血獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。在医学中，“总循环”不如“周身循环”专业规范，而且“补偿身体的损失”过于笼统，所指不明。所以译2更得体。
3.3句子得体
句子是语言平面中上下运转的轴心，也是翻译过程的主要着力点。句子同义手段的选择应该做到对应题旨要求，适应行文递接，切合语体特点以及依从声韵协调。[9]具体到生物医学英语的句子翻译，应该做到:
3.3.1体现信息中心
每一句话、每一句群和每一语段都有一个最核心最关键的内容或意旨需要得到强调突出，以利于接受主体准确地把握其语意焦点，了解其着意传输的信息，此语意焦点成为信息中心。[9]应尽量把原语的信息中心译成汉语的信息中心，使两者相对应。例7Nucleicacid，originallyisolatedbyJohannMiescherin1871，wasidentifiedasaprimeconstituentofchromosomesthroughtheuseofthered-stainingmethoddevelopedbyFeulgenintheearly1900s.译1:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功，并被证实为是染色体组最基本的组成，这是由Feulgen在20世纪初通过使用红染色方法证实的。译2:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功，并在20世纪初由Feulgen通过使用红染色方法证实为染色体组最基本的组成。译1采取直译的方法，虽然把原文的意思表述清楚了，但是把信息中心置于句中，未予突出。而原文中的isolated和identified为本句的信息中心，译成“分离”和“证实”。译2通过语序颠倒使信息中心突出，自然流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。英汉表达方式不同，许多汉语句子往往把信息中心置于句尾，来突出重点;而多数英语句子则经常将信息中心置于句首，以突出主题。这就形成了“信息中心首位”(beginningfocus)，其他信息后置的句式结构。汉译英时要注意把英语句法结构的这个规律运用到翻译中去。而出于汉语表达的需要，译者要反复推敲，甚至可以跳出原文的框框，合理使用翻译技巧，对原文句子成分、结构形式进行必要的调整，按照汉语的习惯组织译文。
3.3.2体现逻辑关系
例8Lamivudine(Epivir-HBV)isapotentantiviralagentwithminimalimmunemodulatorca-pacity.译1:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物，有獉着最低獉獉獉的免疫调节能力。译2:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物，却獉很少有獉獉獉免疫调节能力。译1中没有反映前后两句内含的转折关系，读来有句子堆砌之感，而译2通过“却”一词使语段内含的转折关系得以彰显。
3.4语段得体
语段是比句子高一级的语法单位，通常是由两个或两个以上的句子构成的语义整体。衔接是语段的重要特征，衔接的优劣，关系到话语题旨或信息是否被接受者理解和接受[10]，译文若不能正确反映原文中的衔接关系，就反映不出生物医学英语的逻辑性和条理性。例9ThebiosynthesisofRNA，calledtran-scription，proceedsinmuchthesamefashionasthereplicationofDNAandalsofollowsthebasepairingprinciple.(5)Again，asectionofDNAdoublehelixisuncoiledandonlyoneoftheDNAstrandsservesasatemplateforRNApolymeraseenzymetoguidethesynthesisofRNA.(6)Afterthesynthesisiscomplete，theRNAseparatesfromtheDNAandtheDNArecoilsintoitshelix.译1:RNA的生物合成，也称为转录，以獉和獉DNA复制的相同的模式进行獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉，同样也遵循碱基 配对 原理。DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋，只有一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后，RNA从DNA上分离，DNA再次形成双螺旋结构。译2:RNA的生物合成，也称为转录，和獉DNA复制的模式大致相同獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉，同样也遵循碱基配对原理。同上所述獉獉獉獉，首先獉獉，DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋，其中一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后，RNA从DNA上分离，同时獉獉，DNA重新形成双螺旋结构。译2通过许多连接词(如同上所述、首先、同时)清晰流畅地讲述了DNA转录的过程，较之译1更富有条理性和整体感。
4结束语
生物医学英语翻译与文学翻译在语言的运用上，在修辞手段的选择上，是有区别的。文学作品个人风格明显，感情色彩较强，翻译时多注重形象思维，讲究语言上的形象和表达上的生动;而生物医学英语个人风格较少，感情色彩罕见，翻译上注重 逻辑思维 ，讲究语言上的规范和表达上的准确，在选择译文语言时，译者的游刃余地是不大的。得体是语用的最高原则，但在不同文体中侧重不同，生物医学英语翻译的得体性表现为忠实于源语的内容和风格，同时符合汉语的表达习惯。同时生物医学英语翻译也同 其它 文体的翻译一样，是一种既具艺术性，又具创造性的艰苦的脑力劳动。它要求创造性地运用中外文两种语言知识和专业知识。而要达到这一点，只能靠大量的实践和不断的探索，别无捷径可走。
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