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额，，，，提问的好专业啊！！！国内论文发表可以给你建议，，国外的就没办法了，，你可以询问一下专门的人士，例如你的导师肯定知道的！
我们都知道要 “多读书、读好书、好读书”。怎样才能把书读好呢？古人云：“不动笔墨不读书”，俗话说：“最浅的墨水胜过最强的记忆”，做读书笔记当是一种传统而又高效的读书方法，只有多记勤写，才能加深对所阅书籍的印象，即所谓“眼过十遍，不如手过一遍”的道理就在此。
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how individuals, households and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources,[1] typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices; and how prices, in turn, determine the supply and demand of goods and services.[2][3] Macroeconomics, on the other hand, involves the "sum total of economic activity, dealing with the issues of growth, inflation and unemployment, and with national economic policies relating to these issues"[2] and the effects of government actions (such as changing taxation levels) on them.[4] Particularly in the wake of the Lucas critique, much of modern macroeconomic theory has been built upon 'microfoundations' — i.e. based upon basic assumptions about micro-level behaviour. One of the goals of microeconomics is to analyze market mechanisms that establish relative prices amongst goods and services and allocation of limited resources amongst many alternative uses. Microeconomics analyzes market failure, where markets fail to produce efficient results, as well as describing the theoretical conditions needed for perfect competition. Significant fields of study in microeconomics include general equilibrium, markets under asymmetric information, choice under uncertainty and economic applications of game theory. Also considered is the elasticity of products within the market system. Assumptions and definitions The theory of supply and demand usually assumes that markets are perfectly competitive. This implies that there are many buyers and sellers in the market and none of them have the capacity to significantly influence prices of goods and services. In many real-life transactions, the assumption fails because some individual buyers or sellers or groups of buyers or sellers do have the ability to influence prices. Quite often a sophisticated analysis is required to understand the demand-supply equation of a good. However, the theory works well in simple situations. Mainstream economics does not assume a priori that markets are preferable to other forms of social organization. In fact, much analysis is devoted to cases where so-called market failures lead to resource allocation that is suboptimal by some standard (highways are the classic example, profitable to all for use but not directly profitable for anyone to finance). In such cases, economists may attempt to find policies that will avoid waste directly by government control, indirectly by regulation that induces market participants to act in a manner consistent with optimal welfare, or by creating "missing markets" to enable efficient trading where none had previously existed. This is studied in the field of collective action. It also must be noted that "optimal welfare" usually takes on a Paretian norm, which in its mathematical application of Kaldor-Hicks Method, does not stay consistent with the Utilitarian norm within the normative side of economics which studies collective action, namely public choice. Market failure in positive economics (microeconomics) is limited in implications without mixing the belief of the economist and his or her theory. The demand for various commodities by individuals is generally thought of as the outcome of a utility-maximizing process. The interpretation of this relationship between price and quantity demanded of a given good is that, given all the other goods and constraints, this set of choices is that one which makes the consumer happiest. [edit] Modes of operation It is assumed that all firms are following rational decision-making, and will produce at the profit-maximizing output. Given this assumption, there are four categories in which a firm's profit may be considered. A firm is said to be making an economic profit when its average total cost is less than the price of each additional product at the profit-maximizing output. The economic profit is equal to the quantity output multiplied by the difference between the average total cost and the price. A firm is said to be making a normal profit when its economic profit equals zero. This occurs where average total cost equals price at the profit-maximizing output. If the price is between average total cost and average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, then the firm is said to be in a loss-minimizing condition. The firm should still continue to produce, however, since its loss would be larger if it were to stop producing. By continuing production, the firm can offset its variable cost and at least part of its fixed cost, but by stopping completely it would lose the entirety of its fixed cost. If the price is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, the firm should go into shutdown. Losses are minimized by not producing at all, since any production would not generate returns significant enough to offset any fixed cost and part of the variable cost. By not producing, the firm loses only its fixed cost. By losing this fixed cost the company faces a challenge. It must either exit the market or remain in the market and risk a complete loss. [edit] Market failure Main article: Market failure In microeconomics, the term "market failure" does not mean that a given market has ceased functioning. Instead, a market failure is a situation in which a given market does not efficiently organize production or allocate goods and services to consumers. Economists normally apply the term to situations where the inefficiency is particularly dramatic, or when it is suggested that non-market institutions would provide a more desirable result. On the other hand, in a political context, stakeholders may use the term market failure to refer to situations where market forces do not serve the public interest. The four main types or causes of market failure are: Monopolies or other cases of abuse of market power where a "single buyer or seller can exert significant influence over prices or output". Abuse of market power can be reduced by using antitrust regulations.[5] Externalities, which occur in cases where the "market does not take into account the impact of an economic activity on outsiders." There are positive externalities and negative externalities.[5] Positive externalities occur in cases such as when a television program on family health improves the public's health. Negative externalities occur in cases such as when a company’s processes pollutes air or waterways. Negative externalities can be reduced by using government regulations, taxes, or subsidies, or by using property rights to force companies and individuals to take the impacts of their economic activity into account. Public goods are goods that have the characteristics that they are non-excludable and non-rivalous and include national defense[5] and public health initiatives such as draining mosquito-breeding marshes. For example, if draining mosquito-breeding marshes was left to the private market, far fewer marshes would probably be drained. To provide a good supply of public goods, nations typically use taxes that compel all residents to pay for these public goods (due to scarce knowledge of the positive externalities to third parties/social welfare); and Cases where there is asymmetric information or uncertainty (information inefficiency).[5] Information asymmetry occurs when one party to a transaction has more or better information than the other party. For example, used-car salespeople may know whether a used car has been used as a delivery vehicle or taxi, information that may not be available to buyers. Typically it is the seller that knows more about the product than the buyer, but this is not always the case. An example of a situation where the buyer may have better information than the seller would be an estate sale of a house, as required by a last will and testament. A real estate broker purchasing this house may have more information about the house than the family members of the deceased. This situation was first described by Kenneth J. Arrow in a seminal article on health care in 1963 entitled "Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care," in the American Economic Review. George Akerlof later used the term asymmetric information in his 1970 work The Market for Lemons. Akerlof noticed that, in such a market, the average value of the commodity tends to go down, even for those of perfectly good quality, because the buyer has no way of knowing whether the product they are buying will turn out to be a "lemon" (a defective product). [edit] Opportunity cost Main article: Opportunity cost Although opportunity cost can be hard to quantify, the effect of opportunity cost is universal and very real on the individual level. In fact, this principle applies to all decisions, not just economic ones. Since the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser, opportunity cost has been seen as the foundation of the marginal theory of value. Opportunity cost is one way to measure the cost of something. Rather than merely identifying and adding the costs of a project, one may also identify the next best alternative way to spend the same amount of money. The forgone profit of this next best alternative is the opportunity cost of the original choice. A common example is a farmer that chooses to farm his land rather than rent it to neighbors, wherein the opportunity cost is the forgone profit from renting. In this case, the farmer may expect to generate more profit himself. Similarly, the opportunity cost of attending university is the lost wages a student could have earned in the workforce, rather than the cost of tuition, books, and other requisite items (whose sum makes up the total cost of attendance). The opportunity cost of a vacation in the Bahamas might be the down payment money for a house. Note that opportunity cost is not the sum of the available alternatives, but rather the benefit of the single, best alternative. Possible opportunity costs of the city's decision to build the hospital on its vacant land are the loss of the land for a sporting center, or the inability to use the land for a parking lot, or the money that could have been made from selling the land, or the loss of any of the various other possible uses—but not all of these in aggregate. The true opportunity cost would be the forgone profit of the most lucrative of those listed. One question that arises here is how to assess the benefit of dissimilar alternatives. We must determine a dollar value associated with each alternative to facilitate comparison and assess opportunity cost, which may be more or less difficult depending on the things we are trying to compare. For example, many decisions involve environmental impacts whose dollar value is difficult to assess because of scientific uncertainty. Valuing a human life or the economic impact of an Arctic oil spill involves making subjective choices with ethical implications.
从18世纪以棉纺织部门蒸汽机的发明为标志，英国进行了最早的工业革命，成为世界第一个工业国和“世界工厂”，实力盛极一时。工业革命极大推动了社会生产力，资本主义工业迅速发展，同时，引起社会结构的重大变革。随着资本主义工业的发展，资产阶级逐渐发展壮大，但传统的保守封建势力依旧强大。另一方面，资本家要求更多的参与国家政治生活，积极展开争取政治权利的自由主义改革和革命运动。1776年《国富论》一书的发表标志着英国经济政策由传统保护主义到“自由竞争”的重大转变。
那时候劳动时间长，劳动条件差，有廉价女工和童工，基本跟政治书讲的没差。
不好发sci论文发表并不是写好了投稿就能成功那么简单，很多人被卡在审稿的环节，但是，sci论文发表其实并没有我们想象的那么困难，只要遵循一些技巧步骤就可以了。在撰写sci论文时，要选择自己熟悉的、有把握的课题和方向进行研究，选择合适的实验方法，要尊重科学精神，实事求是，不能篡改或者编造数据，更加不能“借鉴”别人的创意与想法，sci能照抄的只有一样东西，那就是格式。文章写完之后，可以与自己的知道老师或者同事一起探讨，请他们提出意见，或者可以找信誉良好的专业sci论文发表公司（比如上海丰核）进行审核与修改，提高过关的几率。选择投递的期刊也是大有讲究的，如果你对自己的文章质量足够有信心，那么可以投递那些大牛期刊，如果被退稿也不要灰心，你可能能收到一些具有建设性的意见。总之，sci论文发表是讲求技巧的，应该抱着积极的态度，好的sci论文服务代理能够帮助你省去很多麻烦，提高投稿成功率。
资本累计完成,需要发出自己的声音维护资本家的利益,冲破封建统治着的束缚,,,需要找个代表,国富论就是代表
有一篇经济论文，那么你想要投稿的话，其实并不是非常困难。主要看你经常会用于什么样的工作，比如说你是一个从事金融的人，那么你最好把你的经济论文投入到一些金融类的期刊，这样对于你的工作和事业有很大的帮助。如果你是学生的话，那么在你的大学里边应该就会有笑侃，你可以找学校的负责人发表在校刊上，这也是很好的一个地方，能够让你的学术论文得到学校的认可。这要看你具体是什么样的环境了，当然了，作为一个经济类的文件，其实在哪里发表都很好，论文这种东西只要是好的内容，那么就能够得到有一篇经济论文，那么你想要投稿的话其实并不是非常困难。主要看你经常会用于什么样的工作，比如说你是一个从事金融的人，那么你最好把你的经济论文投入到一些金融类的期刊，这样对于你的工作和事业有很大的帮助。如果你是学生的话，那么在你的大学里边应该就会有笑侃，你可以找学校的负责人发表在校刊上，这也是很好的一个地方，能够让你的学术论文得到学校的认可。这要看你具体是什么样的环境了，当然了，作为一个经济类的文件，其实在哪里发表都很好，论文这种东西只要是好的内容，那么就能够得到大家的认可。
如果选定了目标刊物，看看发表指南就知道怎么发了，如果不知道去哪儿发，可以找早发表网。
可以在一些相关的经济论坛中投稿。
一、个人发表论文的程序：1.有了自己的学术成果后，按其研究方向在中国知网等论文收录网站上查找和你所研究领域相关的文献。确认你的核心内容前人没有研究发表后，选择该领域的相关杂志；2.按照所选杂志的格式要求，将自己的研究内容撰写成论文，通过该杂志的制定投稿渠道进行投稿，之后进行耐心等待；3.编辑审阅后如果不感兴趣会直接退稿，如果感兴趣会给你提出修改意见，从投稿到第一次审回一般要2个月以上，按照编辑提出的修改意见逐条改正，并在给编辑回复时对其提出的每一条意见进行逐条回复，之后继续耐心等待；4.二审后，基本就离发表不远了，一般会再给你提一些格式类的细节修改问题，解决后回复，等待发表就好。望采纳
1.大致流程如下：七月投稿，送外审时间很快，九月返回修改意见，十月修改回去。大概十一月再次返回修改，最终十二月底确定录用。第一次外审时，一个专家持否定意见，一个专家持肯定意见。但编辑后来送了第三个专家，好在第三个也是肯定态度。修改返回时，只参照了两个专家的意见。持否定态度的那位专家意见我基本没有看（编辑在信中已经明确提到了只需要参考那2两位的意见）2.文章主题非传统宏观经济，属于微观实证，偏社会学领域。算是打了擦边球。如果纯粹做经济增长这样宏大主题的，估计很难在上面发表。文章选题也是很多人做过的，但我看过一篇2014年博士论文（加拿大某个大学的）提出了一些新的观点，因此在这个基础上进行了拓展。所以这个应该是主要创新点。否则如果纯粹是更新数据重新计算，也不容易发表3.期刊发过类似主题的文章，但数量不多。因此我基本上可以猜到是哪几个作者可能作为审稿人。后来在修改的时候就集中引用了那几个人的文献。4.文章投之前改过很多次，也投过许多其他社会学刊物，收到了不少意见。，所以相关文献我已经是很熟悉了。专家的意见基本都集中在实证层面。修改起来也不是太费事5.整体感觉期刊对一些细节要求比较高，例如表格的格式，表头的说明等等。作为实证的文章，分析需要更细致深入一点。例如做更多分样本回归，使用多种方法等6.语言方面不论自己怎么改，还是存在问题。最后是请人修改了语言。如果语言上问题太多，肯定初审就不过。基本上我现在都能保证进外审环节，但外审专家都会批评语言问题。不过这个一般不会作为文章被拒的理由。关键还是要看文章内容。
本刊设“综述”、“论文”、“评论与回应”、“专辑”和“书评”五个栏目。“综述”栏目发表由知名学者撰写的关于某一领域最新学术动态的综述性文章；“论文”栏目发表原创性的理论、计量和经验研究文章, 论文长度一般不超过15,000字；“评论与回应”栏目发表对已在本刊发表过的论文的评论和原作者的回应；“专辑”栏目发表特定主题或专题研讨会的论文；“书评”发表通俗、可读的中文经济学新书的介绍和评论。本刊投稿以中文为主，海外学者可用英文投稿，但必须是未发表的稿件。文章在本刊发表后，作者可以继续在中国以外以英文发表。以下为投稿体例：1． 除海外学者外，稿件一般使用中文。作者投稿时登陆在线投稿与审稿系统, 填写相关信息并上传稿件封面和稿件。2． 稿件的封面页应该包括以下信息：（1）文章标题；（2）所有作者姓名（中英文）、单位(中英文)、电话号码和电子邮件，并指明通讯作者及其通讯地址；（3）感谢语（如有的话）。注意：稿件封面页的信息除文章标题外请不要重复在稿件正文中。3． 稿件的第一页应提供以下信息：（1）文章标题；（2）最多二百字的中文摘要；（3）三个中文关键词；（4）文章的英文标题；（5）最多一百字的英文摘要；（6）三个JEL（Journal of Economic Literature）分类号。4． 文章正文的标题、表格、图、等式以及脚注必须分别连续编号。一级标题用一、二、三等编号，二级标题用（一）、（二）、（三）等，三级标题用1.、2.、3.等，四级标题(1)、(2)、(3)等。一级标题居中，二级及以下标题左对齐。前三级独占一行，不用标点符号，四级及以下与正文连排。5． 每张图必须达到出版质量，并排版在单独的一张纸上。行文中标明每张图的大体位置。6． 所有参考文献必须出现在文章的末尾，并按作者姓名首位字母顺序编号排列（中英文混排）。7． 英文稿件可由本刊组织翻译，由作者本人定稿。8． 稿件发表时本刊将向作者提供25份免费单印本。
cer期刊很有权威性。CER是中国留美经济学会出版的一本广受欢迎的英文学术期刊。目前已经成为研究中国经济 的权威期刊。中国留美经济学会（TheChineseEconomistsSociety，简称CES）于1985年5月26日在纽约成立。它最早的创办理事有6个人，包括美国加州大学 伯克利分校教授、清华经管学院 院长，北京大学校长助理，北大经济研究中心副主任，美国工商管理博士 ，这位曾在美国GE公司 和GM公司做管理工作，现在是美国500强企业Koch公司中国区的总裁。留美经济学会的目的是促进中国市场化改革和对外开放，促进中国与世界的经济交流，促进国外经济学者参与到中国经济学研究中，促进中国经济学的发展。当前，CES在美国、亚洲、欧洲和加拿大以及其他地区的学术界、政府以及跨国公司或者金融服务组织中拥有超过700名成员。每年CES会举办年会促进协会成员间的学术交流。1992年，CES成为社会科学协会联盟成员单位（AlliedSocialScienceAssociation，ASSA）。自从1992年以来，协会独立或者联合其他成员单位赞助举办了一系列的会议。自从1993年以来，CES每年都在大陆举办经济学年会给中国政府 进一步的改革或者建立战略提供建议。与会者包括国内外著名的经济学家、高级政府官员以及商业领袖，这表明CES在中国已经有了巨大政治影响。在每年的年会上，CES都会选出新一届的由六人小组组成的学会领导小组以及一名当选会长（Presidentselected）。当前的CES的当选会长是美国康奈尔大学 经济系终身教授、厦门大学 讲座教授、厦门大学王亚南经济研究院院长洪永淼博士。在福特资金的赞助下，CES每年会选派六名左右的成员到中国大陆各个高校任教。
经济学五大刊难发。这些刊物都是国际上著名的经济学期刊，发表在这些刊物上的论文对于经济学研究影响深远。因此，想要在这些刊物上发表论文的难度相对较高，需要具备较高的学术水平和研究质量。经济学五大刊指的是《经济学家》、《美国经济评论》、《季刊经济学》、《美国经济学评论》和《国际经济评论》。
经济类国外期刊是否好发取决于多个因素，如论文的质量、原创性、研究方法和结果、领域前沿性等。通常来说，经济学这一学科领域比较成熟，有很多高质量的期刊，但也存在激烈的竞争。在选择刊物时，建议您参考机构或领域内的排行榜以及相关权威机构对期刊的评价和影响因子等指标。此外，对于初次投稿的作者，应该认真阅读期刊的投稿指南，并重视审稿人的审稿意见和评论，不断完善论文质量并进行修改和修改。总之，要想成功发表经济学领域的论文，需要具备研究能力和耐心，并关注期刊的动态信息和相关要求，尽可能提高论文的质量和符合期刊的要求。
尊敬的用户，关于经济类国外期刊的发表情况，这需要根据具体的期刊和投稿情况来判断。一般来说，国外的经济类期刊对于高质量的研究论文是非常欢迎的，但是也需要考虑到投稿的竞争激烈程度和期刊的影响因子等因素。如果您想要在国外经济类期刊上发表论文，建议您首先选择一些知名的期刊，并仔细阅读它们的投稿指南和要求，以确保您的论文符合期刊的要求。此外，您还可以考虑与其他研究人员合作，共同撰写高质量的论文，以提高您的发表机会。总之，经济类国外期刊的发表情况是不确定的，但是如果您有高质量的研究成果，并且按照期刊的要求进行投稿，那么您的发表机会将会大大增加。尊敬的用户，关于经济类国外期刊的发表情况，这需要根据具体的期刊和投稿情况来判断。一般来说，国外的经济类期刊对于高质量的研究论文是非常欢迎的，但是也需要考虑到投稿的竞争激烈程度和期刊的影响因子等因素。如果您想要在国外经济类期刊上发表论文，建议您首先选择一些知名的期刊，并仔细阅读它们的投稿指南和要求，以确保您的论文符合期刊的要求。此外，您还可以考虑与其他研究人员合作，共同撰写高质量的论文，以提高您的发表机会。总之，经济类国外期刊的发表情况是不确定的，但是如果您有高质量的研究成果，并且按照期刊的要求进行投稿，那么您的发表机会将会大大增加。
不好发sci论文发表并不是写好了投稿就能成功那么简单，很多人被卡在审稿的环节，但是，sci论文发表其实并没有我们想象的那么困难，只要遵循一些技巧步骤就可以了。在撰写sci论文时，要选择自己熟悉的、有把握的课题和方向进行研究，选择合适的实验方法，要尊重科学精神，实事求是，不能篡改或者编造数据，更加不能“借鉴”别人的创意与想法，sci能照抄的只有一样东西，那就是格式。文章写完之后，可以与自己的知道老师或者同事一起探讨，请他们提出意见，或者可以找信誉良好的专业sci论文发表公司（比如上海丰核）进行审核与修改，提高过关的几率。选择投递的期刊也是大有讲究的，如果你对自己的文章质量足够有信心，那么可以投递那些大牛期刊，如果被退稿也不要灰心，你可能能收到一些具有建设性的意见。总之，sci论文发表是讲求技巧的，应该抱着积极的态度，好的sci论文服务代理能够帮助你省去很多麻烦，提高投稿成功率。