翻译是高校作为培养大学生英语综合能力的一个重要组成部分。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译方向论文,供大家参考。
英语翻译方向论文 范文 一:高职 商务英语 翻译课程改革分析
[摘要]本文结合我院的实际情况,以就业为导向,从课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面着手,探索高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向,以期优化该课程教学设计,有效提高教学质量,为学生的就业岗位需求服务。
[关键词]高职;商务英语翻译;课程改革
1引言
根据《高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)》,《商务英语翻译》课程是“高等职业学校商务英语专业学生的职业技能课”,在整个专业课程设置框架及人才培养体系中的地位不可忽视。然而,目前该课程普遍存在“课程设置和教学内容本科化、缺乏职业针对性、师资学科型”的问题。(江晗,2010)针对这些问题,本文结合东莞职业技术学院(下称“我院”)的实际情况,就课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面进行初步探讨,提出高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向。
2课程定位
高职英语专业翻译课容易走入定位不清的误区。有的学者提出“现有高职、高专已经成立的翻译系或翻译方向最好主要以证书培训为主要目标”(穆雷,2008);有的院校干脆将课程目标单纯定位为通过全国商务英语翻译考试、获取证书。但是,通过走访我院用人企业得知,外语等级证书和翻译证书都不是企业所看重的指标或用人条件,真正的实践应用能力和职业素养才为用人单位所器重。因此,不适合将考取翻译证书作为该课程的定位和目标,但可作为辅助手段,提高学生的学习兴趣和动力。笔者认为,高职《商务英语翻译》课程的定位,取决于学生自身的能力水平及 毕业 后的就业岗位所需。一方面,高职学生的外语水平基础较差,特别是双语转换能力较弱,即使经过一学期或一学年的翻译课程学习,也难以胜任高端的会议交替传译,更不用说同声传译,只适合进行初级的口、笔译工作;另一方面,就我院以往毕业生的就业情况来看,没有专门从事翻译行业的专职译员,所以不能照搬培养专职译员的外语专业本科或研究生人才培养模式来对高职学生进行教学,而应该按实际情况来做出切实的课程定位,以指导该课程的开展,培养毕业生工作所需的相应翻译能力。通过对我院应用外语系2015届毕业生就业统计及个别访谈得知,我系毕业生就业单位主要是小微涉外跨境企业,而这些企业基本上没有设置专职翻译岗位。毕业生从事的岗位群主要集中在外贸业务员、外贸跟单员、跨境电商岗位操作员、跨境电商岗位推广及运营专员,从事销售、采购、跟单、商务策划、接待、客服等工作,他们在工作中的翻译活动主要包括涉外商务谈判、商务营销、接待应酬、国际会展、公司及产品介绍、日常文书和邮件处理等。这些工作任务的性质,突出了高职翻译的交际功能,决定了高职学生需要的翻译是一种初级实用型商务翻译;毕业生身兼数职,既要做好本职工作又要在涉外场合兼顾翻译的角色,也决定了高职商务英语专业所培养的学生是“复合型译员”。(姚嘉五,2012)根据这两点,我院高职商务英语专业的翻译课程应定位为中英双向初级商务文本笔译和一般商务情景的涉外陪同口译,课程培养目标是能胜任小微涉外企业与翻译有关工作的复合型人才。
3教材改革
高校的传统翻译教材编排,一般沿用两条主线,一为“专题型”,关注的重点是不同专题的内容及表达;二为“技能型”,关注的重点是技巧训练。“专题型”教材包含的某些专题,如政治外交演讲、政府会议、时事、科技、体育方面的材料,或难度偏高或与高职毕业生的实际就业岗位关联较小,不适合用于高职的翻译教学;“技能型”教材对学生的技能训练要求过高,往往超出他们的能力范围,容易让学生产生挫败感和畏难情绪。以上两种教材,都不太符合高职 教育 “实用为主,够用为度”的原则。回顾笔者所使用过的翻译教材,存在纰漏、拼写或语法错误等,部分内容要么过于陈旧,要么缺乏与区域经济相符合的素材,而且缺少音频或视频,也没有配套的教师用书,口译对话练习并不是英汉穿插而是全英或全中文,并不适合用来做翻译练习。基于以上现状,教材改革势在必行。首先,在难度上,要贴近高职学生的能力水平,“重信息传递、淡化翻译技巧”(曾昭涛,2009)。传统的翻译教材对翻译史、翻译理论和技巧有较为详尽的阐述,但这往往对注重实用和实践操作的高职生缺乏吸引力,因此应该淡化,转而关注高职翻译的核心交际功能,即“信息传递”,不苛求翻译技巧的处理。其次,在内容上,应该对接 职场 ,摒弃政府 报告 、外交辞令、大型会议翻译的题材,选取与学生就业岗位需要相吻合的口、笔译素材,体现当地区域经济特点,融入当地特色行业元素。以东莞为例,作为广东三大展览基地之一,该城市每年举办各种展会30多个,因此将会展口译纳入高职翻译教材很有必要。东莞还有明显的特色经济,已形成电子信息、电气机械、纺织服装、家具、玩具、造纸及纸制品、食品饮料、化工等八大支柱产业,所以翻译内容也要考虑选取与这些行业相关的文本,以体现翻译教材的行业性。再次,在章节编排上,不宜把主题安排得过于广泛,应遵循典型翻译工作任务流程,把翻译课程项目化、模块化,这样既符合高职“工学结合”的教育内涵,又体现高职教材的特色。教材改革的重担落在高职院校一线任课教师身上,教师可以在原教材的基础上,有所取舍,再扩展补充与区域经济、特色行业相关的内容,也可重新编写出符合学生学情又满足就业需求的教材。教材的改革需要教师积极到企业单位进行调研和实践,了解实际翻译情境需要,收集具体岗位工作可能接触到的语言素材,编写真正实用的课本,更好地服务于教学。
4教学模式改革
由于高职翻译课的老师多为科班出身,上课容易落入本科翻译教学的俗套,即采取老师讲授、学生练习、老师点评的方式,课程模式比较僵化,学生没有真正参与到知识构建中来,同时脱离了真实的商务翻译情景,学生学习兴趣低,容易产生倦怠情绪,自然难以取得理想的教学效果。根据高职学生的学情和人才培养目标,商务翻译课程应以典型翻译工作流程来设计教学环节,真正将职业能力的培养和岗位需求结合起来。例如,以会展陪同翻译这一模块为例,可安排以下仿真商务活动流程:国际名家具(东莞)展览会与外宾初次接触——参观家具厂、了解产品——商务合作洽谈——合同签订——庆功宴会——机场送行。实践教学中可穿插项目化教学法、模拟情景教学、角色扮演和合作学习法等,各种 方法 各有侧重、相互渗透、灵活多变,从“以教师为中心”转为“以学生为中心”,从注重“理论教学”转为“实践教学”,从“被动学习”转为“主动学习”,真正凸显高职教育特色。此外,还应加强语音室和口译实训室的建设,设立校企合作实训基地,做到教学、实践、服务一体化,为学生提供真实的职业氛围,让翻译教学更贴近实际、贴近市场、贴近岗位。
5结语
社会和市场对翻译人才的需要是多层次、多元化的,既需要能担当国际会议的同声传译,更需要能胜任企业基层工作、懂商务又懂英语翻译的人才。高职英语专业的商务翻译课应该走出自己的特点,积极探索具有高职特色的翻译教学改革,采用切实的定位、合适的教材和有效的 教学方法 ,才能优化翻译教学,培养出优秀的高职高专实用性、复合型翻译人才,服务于社会各行各业。
参考文献
[1]江晗.高职翻译课程设置与教学内容改革研究[J].顺德职业技术学院学报,2010(4):53.
[2]教育部职业教育与成人教育司.高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,2012:123.
[3]穆雷.建设完整的翻译教学体系[J].中国翻译,2008(1):43.
[4]姚嘉五.工具-公文-公式:高职应用翻译专业的定位[J].中国科技翻译,2012(3):55.
[5]曾昭涛.论高职应用翻译理论[J].上海翻译,2009(1):50.
英语翻译方向论文范文二:高校英语翻译中西方 文化 论文
一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性
宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式,其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多,但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义,如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神,其法力无边,这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以__为主,他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰,其无所不能,这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人,成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此,为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的,我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。
二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略
(一)导入异国文化
中西翻译的差异性。因此,为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度,教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是,教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外,教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外,还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如,英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语,这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”,但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”,这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ,传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛),但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解,则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。
(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性
英语结构区别于汉语结构,其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用,并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系,这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外,英语表述中特别忌讳重复,如果出现重复的问题,通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示,但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。
(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧
在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后,教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧,从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先,词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段,其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次,英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同,只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。总之,中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力,教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统,从而使学生做到“知己知彼”,然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧,从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。
英语翻译方向论文相关 文章 :
1. 外语翻译论文
2. 毕业论文用英语怎么说
3. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文
4. 英语论文
5. 文化对影片翻译的影响--外语翻译论文
6. 科技英语的语言特点及文体翻译
英语翻译论文写作方法
随着翻译学科的发展,翻译研究在横向的广度与纵向的深度上都有了很大的变化,怎样写英语翻译论文呢?
1、选题及资料查阅
对任何一项学术研究活动来讲,选择合适的课题都是至关重要的,尤其对研究成果具有决定性意义。在攻读博士研究生期间,笔者以翻译研究为主要研修方向,经过广泛阅读该领域的学术期刊论文和专著,较为熟悉国内外翻译研究的现状。加之入学伊始便在导师指引下从事中国典籍翻译研究,随着大量阅读和学习有关典籍英译及其研究的著述,自己对该领域尤其儒家经典《论语》的英译现象产生了兴趣,并逐渐进行较为深入的了解。
一般情况下,资料查阅在选题之前就已展开,因为资料是确定论文选题的重要依据,但其后的文献查阅工作更具重要意义。围绕《论语》英译这一现象,自己开始进一步的资料搜集和研读。初步调查和梳理发现,儒经《论语》的外译,始于意大利传教士利玛窦完成于1594年(一说1593年)的拉丁文译本(马祖毅、任荣珍,2003:34),至今已逾四百年。而第一个《论语》英语全译本为柯大卫(David Collie)所译,作为《四书》(The Chinese Classical Work Commonly Called the Four Books)的一部分于1828年在马六甲出版,距今也近乎两个世纪。近年来,国内学者对《论语》英译本的关注和研究越来越多,除了较为集中于理雅各、翟林奈、韦利等所译的早期经典译本,也开始着手庞德、刘殿爵、安乐哲和罗思文(合译)等现当代译本的探讨。从手头掌握的资料来看,海外《论语》英语全译本已超过三十个。调查还发现,作为早期主要海外英语全译本之一,20世纪初就已出现的Leonard A. Lyall的《论语》英译本迄今鲜有研究,比如利用“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)未能搜寻到专门研讨该英译本的文章翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。由于材料新本身是学术创新的重要表现之一,因此有理由初步将该译本作为自己撰写一篇翻译研究论文的研究对象。
通过对更多资料爬梳剔抉,笔者掌握了译者Leonard A. Lyall及其《论语》英语本的基本情况。譬如,Leonard Arthur Lyall中文名叫赖发洛,是英国汉学家。1886 年以海关洋员的身份来华,在华40余年。赖发洛《论语》英译本书名为The Sayings of Confucius, 由位于伦敦的朗曼斯·格林公司(Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.)在1909年9月初版刊行,并先后于1925年10月和1935年9月印行第2版和第3版。这里所采用的研究对象是第3版,全书不足130页(其中正文共计102页),是篇幅较为简短的《论语》英语全译本之一除了英译《论语》之外,他还分别翻译《中庸》(1927)和《孟子》(1932)两书并数次再版。1934年,他编著的现代世界丛书《中国》在伦敦出版,向西方介绍中国。然而,由于有关赖发洛《论语》英译本专门研究的学术论文迄今付诸阙如,因此决定将对该译本的文本细读作为自己进一步研究的基础,希望有所发现,或许为当下中华典籍外译及其相关研究提供些微借鉴和思考。
2、提纲构建
在研读赖发洛《论语》英译本过程中,笔者发现译者所贯彻始终的翻译基本策略和具体翻译操作方法与其对汉语特点的认识、翻译理念的追求等息息相关,而这些又充分体现在该译本的“前言”(Preface)和“导语”(Introduction)中。例如,第3版“前言”(1935)仅一句话,告诉读者再次修订译文旨在使其“更接近于汉语原文”(bring it nearer to the Chinese)(Lyall,1935:vi)。值得一提的是,第2版“前言”(1925)不仅强调该版译文“比初版更加接近字词对应”(more nearly word for word than it
was in the first),而且指出汉语原文的两个特点:难懂(hard to understand)和多义(more than one interpretation),并认为在这种情况下总是易读的译文绝非“真实翻译”(true translation)(同上:v)。而篇幅稍长的“导语”写于1909年,一定意义上亦可看作初版的“前言”。这部分内容十分丰富,既包括孔子生平、《论语》的形成过程以及时代背景和社会状况,又有春秋之前中国古代史简介,并谈到道家、墨家等思想。这些很大程度上也表明译者对中国传统文化的广泛认知和深入了解。
经过细读赖氏《论语》英译本发现,为了使译文与原文“更加接近字词对应”,译者尤其注重原文的遣词造句和形式结构,比如原文较为突出的数字小句的行文特点,译文往往采用类似排比的洗练短语、清晰而果断的语势,使原文的字词概念和句式语序尽可能在译文中再现翻译学的论文写作技巧概而言之,赖发洛通过运用多种具体翻译操作方法,贯彻以“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略,较为有效地践行了以质直求真为特色的“真实翻译”思想。赖氏追求的“真实翻译”尽管不同于几乎同时出现的、本杰明所倡导的旨在再现“纯语言”(pure language)的“真正翻译”(real translation)思想,但两者又似乎至少在一点上是相似的:因为后者为了实现译文的透明性,也强调直译原文(literal rendering)的必要性(Benjamin,2004:21)。
基于以上对赖译本的研读和思考,笔者着手构建论文的基本框架,初步拟订如下一个写作提纲。论文大致分为五个部分,包括引言、赖发洛及其《论语》英译本、翻译基本策略和具体方法、译本存在的不足及其原因分析和结语。其中,翻译基本策略为倾向直译且以“字词对应”为基础,具体翻译方法分为为四种,即字词对应、语序一致,字词对应、语序变换,字词调整、语序一致和字词调整、语序变换;译本的不足以翻译目的论为参照分为三类:悖离目的性法则的翻译失误、悖离连贯性法则的翻译失误和悖离忠实性法则的翻译失误,对每类译误又根据译本的具体情况加以细分,便于更好的例证和评析。
3、撰写与修改
论文撰写是整个论文工作的最重要阶段,也是需要付出时间和精力最多的阶段。论文初稿的撰写主要是基于以上拟订的提纲,虽然在写作过程中也碰到一些困难,但通过适当运用学习有关专业课程所掌握的知识,最终得到有效的解决。譬如,细读赖发洛《论语》英译本时,笔者做了大量的笔记,众多的例子和不同的想法着实令人难以取舍。根据所学专业知识及研究需要,决定围绕主题和材料价值来加以分类和取舍。此处通过一个具体的做法加以说明。基于四种具体翻译方法,自己首先为每一种方法挑选出典型的例句(暂不考虑译文的准确与否),然后抽样统计各类译文所占的大体比例,进而评判译文的整体风格特点。例如:
1. 字词对应语序一致:
子曰:“巧言令色,鲜矣仁!”(“学而第一”)
The Master said, Smooth words and fawning looks are seldom found with love.
2. 字词对应语序变换:
子曰:“弑父与君,亦不从也。”(“先进第十一”)
Nor would they follow, said the Master, if told to kill their lord or father.
3. 字词调整语序一致:
子温而厉,威而不猛,恭而安。(“述而第七”)
The Master’s manner was warm yet dignified. He was stern, but not fierce;humble, yet easy.
4. 字词调整语序变换:
子曰:“吾不如老农。”(“子路第十三”)
The Master said, An old husbandman knows more than I do.
根据笔者的粗略统计,这四类译文所占整个译文的比例大致为:第一类超过五分之三,第二类比第三类略多,但两者皆不足五分之一,而第四类最少,远低于十分之一。这一结果较为有力地支持了笔者对赖译本的判断,即译者贯彻“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略,旨在诠释“真实翻译”的理念。
再如,囿于极为有限的参考文献,且线索难觅,自己想到专业课程所学的“滚雪球”文献检索法,运用后发现助益很大,效果颇佳。这里仅以查询译者Leonard A. Lyall的汉语名字为例加以说明。最初从掌握的资料来看,译者英文名字叫Leonard A. Lyall,然后通过“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)在一篇关于《论语》英译史的文章中发现其汉语音译名为莱尔;接下来,通过利用该汉语音译名及其原名查得一篇论文谈及此人曾为海关洋员,进而在《全球化视野:中国海关洋员与中西文化传播(1854-1950年)》一书中找到其更为常用的中文名:赖发洛,以及更多有价值的信息。同时,还发现了译者的另一个中文名:兰雅。这样,通过对相关数据库再次就译者英文名和三个汉语名字进行逐一搜索,结果更为充分地表明赖发洛《论语》英译本的研究迄今尚付阙如。
关于修改文章,清梁章钜说:“百工冶器,必几经转换而后器成;我辈作文,亦必几经删润而后文成,其理一也。”(梁章钜,1973:1000)的确,要想写好论文,一个人必须在论文修改上下功夫。随着更多文献资料的查阅,笔者对论文初稿无论从遣词造句还是到篇章结构都进行了反复修改,既涉及到文中论点和论据的修正,也包括对所运用理论的调整翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。比如,论文初稿第四部分“译本存在的不足及其原因分析”有段补充说明赖氏译本特色的文字,包括“淡化译语(英语)形合之法,如用‘,’代替‘;’或连接词以贴近源语(汉语);用词基本不用缩略形式”等内容。后经反复斟酌,尤其考虑到论文内容和观点之间的相关性,最后决定将该文字移至第二部分“赖发洛及其《论语》英译本”,用以说明赖译本的特色。
关于文中的理论运用,笔者借鉴专业课程所学知识,如理论的'工具性、理论运用和学术价值的关系等,通过比较不同翻译流派理论的特点,结合论文研究的内容和目的,最终决定选用翻译目的论来分类评鉴赖译本,并有效地揭示赖氏译本追求英语译文“更接近于汉语原文”、最大限度地实现以理想化“真实翻译”为标志的翻译目的。
4、文体和引用之规范
翻译研究论文属于学术论文的范畴,既需要体现学术论文的基本性质,又应当符合学术论文的规范要求。其中,符合文体和引用的规范是对一篇合格的学术论文所提出的必然要求。关于学术论文的文体,要求十分丰富,包括从语态到语气,从术语的运用到避免歧视用语等内容。如关于术语,不仅要意识到使用专业术语的必要性,也要注意语言精炼,尽量少用术语,更要避免歧义。鉴于此,笔者在撰写尤其修改赖译本研究论文时都进行了仔细参照和认真检验,对那些欠妥如口语化的表达甚至讹误之处,如对翻译目的论个别术语的误用,都逐一加以修正和改善。
引用的规范对撰写合格的翻译研究论文同样具有重要意义。就引用而言,文章切忌断章取义,并应关注引用的核实及可靠性。为了避免引用的断章取义,熟悉引用文字的上下文十分关键。自己清楚记得老师曾在专业课上要求学生课后做引用查证练习,其中就有查阅“学而优则仕”的上下文。通过查阅,自己发现该语源自《论语》的“子张第十九”篇,上文是“仕而优则学”,并惊奇地发现该语为子夏所说,而非孔子所言。显然,这样的查证很有利于对该语的全面理解和准确使用。在修改关于赖译本研究的论文时,笔者努力查实引文,确保引用的可靠性。比如,为了更好地理解赖发洛所追求的“真实翻译”的涵义,文中引入了本杰明的“真正翻译”思想翻译学的论文写作技巧
为了查得“真正翻译”的出处,笔者在不同数据库中找到许多涉及该思想的论文,但基本上都是给出较为笼统的汉语解读,甚至还存在抵牾之处。为了更好地把握该思想,自己通过追根溯源,最终找到其原文具体出处,并发现本杰明这一思想与其“纯语言”哲学观密不可分,加深了对该思想的认识和理解。
其实,为了引用的规范,本篇论文也是如此。譬如,上文引用了清朝学者梁章钜有关作文修改之语,最初找到的出处有二:《退庵论文》和《退庵随笔》,且没有出版社、具体页码等信息。通过多次搜索和查阅,笔者最终在《退庵随笔》第十九卷“学文”中查得原文,并通过阅读下文——有关欧阳修对《昼锦堂记》原稿起首两句的修改,更好地理解了引文,尤其是修改之于作文的重要性。
1、论文题目
2、摘要与关键词
3、目录
4、翻译任务描述:主要写有关报告的背景,翻译任务的内容,目的、意义及报告整体结构。
5、翻译过程描述:包括译前——准备、文本特点分析、有关文献的查阅等,译中——翻译工具、翻译策略的选择等,译后——译后的校对、修改等。
6、文献综述:对该研究领域的研究现状(包括主要学术观点、前人研究成果和研究水平、争论焦点、存在的问题及可能的原因等)、发展前景等内容进行综合分析、归纳整理和评论,并提出自己的见解和研究思路,而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌"。
7、案例分析:如何通过具体翻译案例将翻译理论运用到翻译实践中,应从不同维度、不同侧面,如从词汇、句法、语篇等方面分析理论与实践的结合。这部分一定要分析到位,突出理论如何对翻译实践起指导作用,但也不能生搬硬套,要做到理论指导实践。
8、结论:主要包括翻译实践的总结、主要发现、局限性以及展望。
9、参考文献:应使用规范的格式将引用的参考文献一一列出(如APA或MLA)。
10、致谢。
翻译报告注意事项:
1、合理拟定翻译选题和理论
研究理论与选题的匹配程度和创新程度大概率会影响报告质量!一个优秀的选题通常源于对现实问题的兴致。选题必须是明确的问题,并与具体的学术领域紧密关联。选择方向、提炼观点、确定理论是确立题目的必经之路。
如果实在迷茫,不知道选取哪个理论,就把所有有关翻译的理论找出来,列一个清单,选择最擅长、最稳妥的理论我们需要大量阅读、吃透所选理论和与翻译材料,积极查阅知网等文献检索工具,多多查看与所选理论和翻译材料相近的类似的实践报告,学习使用规范严谨的学术语言。
2、制定翻译计划
在阅读材料之前,应当先统筹制定一份翻译方案,确定翻译进程,确定译中、译后总结复盘事宜。在阅读翻译材料过程中,可以顺手记录材料中的生词、术语、长难句,优先进行翻译。
3、撰写结论
撰写结论的内容,包括以下三个方面:
1)翻译过程的总结。
2)翻译报告的局限性。
3)对翻译的进一步展望。可主要写翻译中的经验、收获、局限以及建议等。
大学生,研究生,博士生相应的毕业论文分别应该是paper,thesis,dissertation
该公司是具有深厚学术背景的翻译公司,创办人和经营管理者都是大学教师,译者也都有硕士或博士学位,他们不仅具有娴熟的中英文表达技能,而且具有学术背景,其中很多是大学教师。华译网在安排译者翻译论文时都是按照译者的专业背景进行的,他们会仔细审读论文,判定其专业类型,然后再安排对口专业译员进行翻译。对于中译英翻译任务,他们还会安排英语母语外籍专家校对中国译者翻译好的英文译文,外籍校对后再给中国译者看,避免矫枉过正。这个方法是正确的。他们网站上有很多专业学术论文翻译样稿。水平不错。
“论文”一词的英文表达很多,通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达,下面罗列了几种,请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation(博士学位)论文,(专题)论文,学术演讲:长而正式的论文,尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文;学位论*disquisition专题论文;专题演讲,专题讨论:关于一个论题的正式讨论,常为书面形式*thesis命题论文:尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse (学术)讨论,研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的,为达到某一目的或效果(如学位)而写的
thesis 论文 (一本, 如硕士,博士论文)。paper 文章(发表在杂志上的一篇 一篇的) ÄÕÂ
英语作文是对学生综合能力考核最彻底的一类题型,对单词的掌握、对语法的熟悉程度、谴词造句的能力都会在写作文的水平中体现的一览无余。下面,是我为你整理的英语作文100字带翻译,希望对你有帮助!
A popular activity that proposed by the famous actress Emma Waston had responsed by a lot of people. Emma Waston left the books in London subway and the people who picked up them were lucky guys. The purpose of this activity is to advocate people to read. So there are some people curious about the situation in China and the journalists have done the similar experiment. They left some books in Guangzhou subway, but the result frustrated the journalists, because barely had persons to pick up the books, some were taken away by the cleaners as the rubbish, some were left where they were. The result shows that less people keep reading, they are busy working and have no idea of the value of a book. Everybody has their own stuff, but if we make out some time to read everyday, then we will be different.
由著名女演员艾玛沃森发起的一项受欢迎的活动得到了很多人的回应。艾玛沃森在伦敦地铁站留下了很多书本,捡到的人是幸运的人。这个活动的目的是倡导人们看书。所以有些人好奇在中国的情况,记者做了类似的实验。他们在广州地铁留下一些书,但结果让记者沮丧,因为几乎没有人拿起书,一些被清洁工当作垃圾拿走,一些留在原地。结果表明,很少人保持阅读,他们忙于工作,不了解一本书的价值。每个人都有自己的事情,但如果我们每天出抽出一些时间来读书,就会有所不同。
People will make a lot of friends during their lifetime, the more friends they make, the more capable they are. Some young people are proud of having many friends, but only the true friends deserve us to care about. The person we make must be positive to life. He will set the good example to you and help you to be a better man. The bad friends will make you perverted, especially for the teenagers, they can’t make the right judgement and are easy to follow others, so the friends are very important part of their lives. Once they make the wrong friends, they will do the bad thing. So we don’t need more friends, just the right one.
人们会交很多朋友在他们的一生中,他们交到越多的朋友,就越有能力。一些年轻人为拥有很多朋友感到自豪,但只有真正的朋友值得我们在意。我们结交的人必须对生活积极向上。他给你树立榜样,帮助你成为一个更好的人。坏的朋友会让你堕落,尤其是青少年,他们不能做出正确的判断,很容易跟随别人,所以,朋友是他们生活非常重要一部分。一旦他们交友不慎,就会做坏事。所以我们不需要更多的朋友,只需要好的朋友。
There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter’s business, because the girl sells umbrella. But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugher’s business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she can feel happy about her second daughter’s business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter’s businss. In that way, she will be a positive woman every day. We can’t change the fact, but we can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time.
有一个故事,讲述了一位老妇人总是感到不开心,因为太阳出来时,她担心女儿的业务,因为女孩卖伞。但下雨时,她仍然感觉不开心因为她担心她的另一个女儿的事。人们告诉她可以改变观点,当天气好时,她可以为她的第二个女儿的生意感到开心,下雨的时候,她可以为她的第一个女儿的生意感到开心。这样的话,她每一天都会是积极向上的。我们不能改变事实,但我们可以用另一种方式对待事情,这样我们就可以变得积极。
英语小 作文 在小学英语试题中所占的比重逐渐加大, 英语写作 也成为了小学高年级学生 英语学习 中越来越重要的一部分。下面,是我为你整理的 英语作文 10篇100字带翻译,希望对你有帮助!英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇1 People always confuse about the meaning of happiness, they don’t know how to define it. Some people think that when one has the successful career or does something that makes contribution to the society is the happiness. It is common that great acts are admired by the public and people are easy to feel the happiness. While in my opinion, happiness is very easy to achieve. When I stay with my family, we have the nice talk and I feel very happy. When I eat the delicious food that is cooked by my mother, I feel moved and happy. Happiness is around everywhere, we can feel it if we treat it right. 人们总是对幸福的意义感到困惑,他们不知道如何去定义。一些人认为当一个人拥有成功的事业或者对社会有所贡献的时候,才称得上幸福。自然地,伟大的行为被大众所信服,人们也很容易感到幸福。然而在我看来,幸福是很容易得到的。当我和家人呆在一起时,我们聊得很愉快,我感到幸福。当我吃到妈妈做的美味食物时,我很感动,也很开心。幸福无处不在,如果我们正确对待,就能感受得到。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇2 Once I read the story that the little eagles needed to practice flying in the cliff before they could fly. The successful ones could fly and became the strong birds while the failed ones would crash and then died. The mother eagles are brutal to the babies, but this is the price of growing up. The little eagles who fail to fly would not live long in the natural competition. It makes me think of the children, some parents spoil the kids and they don’t realize it will destroy their children. The children need to learn the lessons, so that they can be the tough person. The road of being mature needs the price. 曾经我读到一个 故事 ,小鹰需要在会飞前在悬崖上练习飞翔。成功的小鹰就能够起飞,变成强大的鸟,然而失败的小鹰就会掉下悬崖而身亡。母鹰是如此残忍地对待它们的孩子,但是这是成长的代价。那些无法飞翔的小鹰在自然的竞争中也活不久。这让我想到了小孩子,有些家长溺爱孩子,没有意识到这会毁了他们的孩子。孩子需要学到教训,这样他们才会成为坚强的人。成熟之路需要付出代价。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇3 My father is busy all the time, he always goes out very early and then goes home after very late. He doesn’t have much time to accompany me, my mother tells me that what he does is for the family, so I am considerate and get used to his absence. But recently, I found my father changed. He got more time to stay with me, he got home earlier and then taught me with my homework. I was so surprised and happy, this was the life I wanted all the time. I asked my father what happened, he said he wanted to spend more time with me, he realized it was the most important thing. 我的爸爸一直很忙,他总是早出晚下班。他没有什么时间陪伴我,妈妈告诉我爸爸所做的一切都是为了家庭,因此我体谅他,习惯了爸爸的缺席。但是最近,我发现爸爸变了。他有了更多的时间来陪伴我,他回家也早,还会教我做作业。我既吃惊也高兴,这就是我一直想要的生活。我问爸爸发生了什么事情,他说想要花更多时间来陪伴我,他意识到这才是最重要的事情。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇4 Recently, the live show is very popular, especially the show about the father how to get along with their children. The fathers are celebrities and they have the brilliant career. I am impressed by the fathers who are Olympic champions, their kids have the strong desire to win. When their fathers lose in the game, the kids will be very sad and can’t accept the result. No one can win all the time, we have to learn to accept the bad result. The kids think their fathers are , so they treat their fathers as the absolutely winners. Sometimes the strong desire is not good for the kids to grow up, they should have the positive attitude to the result. 最近,真人秀很流行,特别是有关父亲如何与他们孩子相处的节目。那些父亲都是名人,他们都有着杰出的事业。对于那些身为奥运冠军的父亲,我留下了很深的印象,他们的孩子有着强烈的愿望要去赢。当父亲们输掉比赛时,孩子们会很伤心,无法接受结果。没有人可以一直赢,我们要学会接受不好的结果。孩子认为他们的父亲是第一名,因此他们把父亲当作理所当然的赢家。有时候赢的强烈意愿并不利于孩子的成长,他们应该乐观对待结果。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇5 Last night, I read the news about a professor who wrote the paper 20 years ago. He did some research about asking people whether they were happy and he came up with the conclusion that happiness belonged to two kinds of people, they are the one who lived in peace and the other was who lived with great achievement. But 20 years later, he decided to revisit these people and he found that the conclusion about happiness he made before was wrong. Most people with great achievement felt not happy because they met setbacks. The professor came up with the new conclusion that the real happiness lies in the peaceful soul. This is the code of happiness. 昨晚,我阅读了一则新闻关于一位教授20年前写的一篇论文。他做了一些调查,询问人们是否感到幸福,然后他得出结论,幸福属于两类人,那就是趋于平淡的人和取得非凡成就的人。但是20年以后,他决定重新去 拜访 那些人,他发现他以前对幸福的结论是错的。大部有着非凡成就的人并不感到开心,因为他们遭遇了大挫折。这位教授得出新的结论,真正的幸福在于心灵上的平静。这就是幸福的密码。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇6 When I am making mistakes, my parents will never be angry with me. I am so thankful to them for they are so tolerant with me. I learn many things from my parents, they show me how to be a tolerant person. They will not blame me for the small mistake that I make, instead, they will educate me in the gentle way. Unlike some parents who are strict to their kids, they will be very angry and said the hurting words, making the children feel sad. Being tolerant to other people’s mistakes is the best way to solve the problem. People will appreciate the kind act and make things goes on the easy way. 当我犯错误的时候,父母从来不和我生气。我很感激他们如此宽容的对待我。我从父母那里学到了很多东西,他们给我展示了如何成为一个宽容的人。他们不会因犯我犯的错误而责怪我,相反的,他们会用温柔的方式 教育 我。不像其他父母,对孩子很严格,他们会生气,并且说伤人的话语,令孩子感到难过。宽容对待别人的错误是解决问题的最好 方法 。人们会欣赏这样善意的举动,让事情往简单的方向走。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇7 On the New Year’s Eve, after finishing the dinner, for most Chinese people, they will sit at home, watching the Spring Festival Gala with their families. The show has been a tradition for us, in our parents’ generation, Spring Festival Gala is popular, even though today many new forms of amusement are invented, which makes the gala less popular, yet the traditional show still wins people’s attention. It has become part of people’s life, most people will open their TV and watch it in the big day. I will watch the show, maybe most of the parts do not attract my attention, but it is the happy time for me to stay with my family. I enjoy the moment. 在 除夕 夜,吃完晚饭后,对于大部分中国人来说,他们会在家里坐着,和家人观看春晚。这个节目对我们来说已经成为了一个传统,在我们父母那一代,春晚就很受欢迎,即使今天,产生了很多新型的娱乐形式,使得春晚变得不再那么受欢迎,然而这个传统的节目仍然赢得人们的关注。春晚已经成为人们生活的一部分,大部分人会在除夕打开电视来观看它。我会观看春晚,也许节目大部分并不吸引我的眼球,但却是我和家人在一起的快乐时光。我享受这个时刻。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇8 When I was small, I was taught that we should help others, though it was not our duty, we should take no hesitation to do it. Today, the economy develops, but people become selfish, they care so much about their benefit, when it comes to help others, some will ask if there is a reward. It seems that they need some temptation to take the kind act. In my opinion, we should help others without asking a reward, when we help others, we will have the sense of satisfaction, what’s more, once we are in the trouble, people will help us, it is the best return. We are not alone, helping each other makes the world become beautiful. 当我还小的时候,我被教育我们应该帮助别人,虽然那不是我们的责任,但是我们应该毫不犹豫去做。今天,经济发展了,但是人们变得自私,他们很在意自己的利益,当谈到帮助别人的时候,一些人会问有没有回报。似乎他们需要一些诱惑才会去做这样善意的举动。在你我看来,我们应该帮助别人,不求回报,当我们帮助了别人,会有满足感,而且,一旦我们有困难,人们也会帮助我们,这是最好的回报。我们不是独自一人,互相帮助让这个世界变得美好。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇9 We live in a world that surrounded by people, we need to communicate with others, for the purpose of share our emotions and keep survive. While some people have social phobia, they are afraid of talking to others, they can’t make the social communication. This is such a big illness, but they can overcome it. First, they need to take the positive attitude to life, having more communication with others can enriches their knowledge, they can share happiness and sorrow with friends, when they are in trouble, friends will help them. Second, they should open their hearts, don’t be afraid of talking to others, once the mouths are opened, the world will be lit up. 我们生活在一个被人群包围的世界,我们需要和别人进行交流,为了和别人分享我们的情感和在这个世界生存。然而一些人有社交恐惧症,他们害怕和别人聊天,无法进行社交。这是很严重的病,但是他们可以克服。第一,他们需要对生活抱有积极的态度,和别人进行多点交流,可以丰富他们的知识,也可以和朋友分享喜怒哀乐,当遇到困难的时候,朋友会帮助他们。第二,他们应该打开心扉,不要害怕和别人交流,一旦开口,世界将被点亮。 英语作文10篇100字带翻译篇10 Before I was five years old, my parents gave me what I wanted, but as I became bigger, they changed their attitude towards me. My parents no longer satisfy me with all I want. When I want to buy a new dress, my mother won’t buy for me directly, she asks me to do something to exchange for it. Such as doing the housework or making progress in the study. What’s more, when I meet the difficulties, my parents won’t solve them for me immediately, instead, they will leave me to think about them and help me to solve them. What my parents do to me is right, it is my road to grow up. 在我五岁以前,我的父母给予我想要的东西,但是随着我长大,他们对待我的态度发生了改变。我的父母不再满足我想要的一切。当我想要买一条新裙子,妈妈不会立刻买给我,她会要求我去做一些事情,以此来交换。比如做家务或者学习上有所进步。而且,当我遇到困难了,我的父母不会立刻帮我解决,相反地,他们让我自己思考问题,然后帮助我解决。父母对我做的是正确的,这是我的成长之路。 看了“英语作文10篇100字带翻译”的人还看了: 1. 关于100字英语短文带翻译 2. 英语作文100字带翻译 3. 精选高中英语作文100词左右带翻译 4. 英语小短文100字励志 5. 语文作文100字
通过美文的赏析,陶冶学生的思想情操,开阔视野,提高对优美散文的鉴赏能力,提高人文素养;同时培养学生的认知水平、情感态度、文化意识,激发学习英语的兴趣,为他们的跨文化交际能力和终身学习英语的能力打下良好的基础。以下是我为大家整理的关于青春励志英语短文100字,给大家作为参考,欢迎阅读!青春励志英语短文100字篇1:Burning Your Soul Candle I have a few candles stored in a drawer in my dining room. They’re meant for romantic dinners and special occasions, but since the arrival of our three children they have lain unnoticed among the napkins and other things. They are waiting to be taken out and lit to share their glow with anyone who will take the time to bask in their brilliance. Are not our souls like those candles, patiently waiting for someone to come and let us be ourselves? We are all waiting for our own moments to shine; we each have a special light, unmatched by any other. Candles are made up of wax and a wick; we have bodies, but our essence lies in our minds and souls. Candles are unique in their colors, shapes and designs. Our life histories and experiences are the backdrops of who we are, but our minds are like candle wicks, and make our passions flame. Unlike the candles in my drawer, who get used or not used depending on my whims, we control our own thoughts, and how brightly we will burn or dimly we will shine. Is your soul candle dimmed by circumstance or lack of passion and direction? Is it hidden in a drawer of stress, worry or resentment? Make a choice to let yourself shine the way you were meant to shine. 翻译:点亮心灵的蜡烛 在我餐厅的抽屉里放着几根蜡烛。它们会用于浪漫的晚餐和一些特殊的场合,但是自从我的三个孩子出生之后,它们便被遗忘在餐巾纸和其他杂物之间了。它们一直在等待着被拿出抽屉,被点亮,以和任何一个愿意花费时间去感受它们温暖的人分享那些光亮。 我们的灵魂不也像蜡烛么?耐心地等待有人来发掘我们,让我们发光发亮。我们一直等待着发光发亮的一刻;我们都有自己独特的光亮,是别人所不能匹及的。 蜡烛由蜡状物和蜡烛心组合而成;人类有肉体,而我们的本质却存在于精神和灵魂中。蜡烛有它们独一无二的颜色、形状和图案。我们生命的历史和经历是决定我们是谁的大背景,但是只有我们的心灵才是蜡烛心,使热情形成火焰。与在抽屉里等着别人一时的兴致来决定是否被点燃的蜡烛不同,我们可以决定自己的思想,决定自己能够发光发亮还是黯淡无光。 你心中的那支蜡烛是否因环境或者缺少激情,没有方向感而黯淡无光?它是否藏匿于压力、担忧和怨恨的抽屉里?做出选择吧,以自己注定的方式去发光。 青春励志英语短文100字篇2:A Little Bit More Today is an excellent day for small improvements. Whatever is working for you, find a way to improve it just a little. There’s no need to make a huge change, just a small one, something you can do right now. If you called just one additional customer each day, over the course of the next month you would talk to about 20 new people. If you learned just one more new word each day, in the next year you would increase your vocabulary by more than 300 words. Small improvements can add up over time into big accomplishments. Look around you. Consider the work you do each day. Think about how you could do it just a little bit better. In a marathon race, each step the winner takes is just a little bit longer and a little bit faster than each stride taken by the 100th place finisher. Yet over the course of the race, that small difference adds up in a big way. Do just a little bit more today, and tomorrow too, and each day after that. Anyone can make just a small improvement, and that can make a big, big difference. 翻译:再多一点点 今天就是你可以做改进的极好的一天。无论你在做什么,找一个方法去做一点点的改进。不用做太大的改变,只要一点点——你现在可以做到的一点点。 如果你每天多给一个顾客打电话的话,一个月下来你会发现你又多认识了差不多二十个人。如果每天多学会一个新词,过一年,你的词汇量将会增加300多个。 小小的改进能够逐步积累成大的成就。观察你的周围。思考你每天所做的工作。英语短文想一下你怎么能做得更好一点。 在马拉松比赛中,冠军的每一步都只比第一百名的选手的步伐大一点点、快一点点。英语短文但是在比赛过程中,那些小小的不同积累成了巨大的区别。 今天、明天、今后的每一天尽力做更多一点点。任何人都能做一点小小的改进,但那小小的改进将会起到非常大、非常大的作用。 青春励志英语短文100字篇3:The Old Cat An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young." 翻译:老猫 一位老妇有只猫,这只猫很老,它跑不快了,也咬不了东西,因为它年纪太大了。一天,老猫发现一只老鼠,它跳过去抓这只老鼠,然而,它咬不住这只老鼠。因此,老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了,因为老猫咬不了它。 于是,老妇很生气,因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫,猫说:“不要打你的老仆人,我已经为你服务了很多年,而且还愿意为你效劳,但是,我实在太老了,对年纪大的不要这么无情,要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。” 青春励志英语短文100字篇4:The Thirsty Pigeon A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 翻译:口渴的鸽子 有只鸽子口渴得很难受,看见画板上画着一个水瓶,以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去,不料一头碰撞在画板上,折断了翅膀,摔在地上,被人轻易地捉住了。 这是说,有些人想急于得到所需的东西,一时冲动,草率从事,就会身遭不幸。 青春励志英语短文100字篇5:The Raven and the Swan A RAVEN saw a Swan and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the Swan's splendid white color arose from his washing in the water in which he swam, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood where he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he would, he could not change their color, while through want of food he perished. Change of habit cannot alter Nature. 翻译:乌鸦和天鹅 乌鸦非常羡慕天鹅洁白的羽毛。他猜想天鹅一定是经常洗澡,羽毛才变得如此洁白无 瑕。于是,他毅然离开了他赖以生存的祭坛,来到江湖边。他天天洗刷自己的羽毛,不但一 点都没洗白,反而因缺少食物饥饿而死。 这故事是说,人的本性不会随着生活方式的改变而改变。 青春励志英语短文100字的相关搜索内容: 1. 关于青春的英文励志短文 2. 青春励志英语经典小短文 3. 青春励志英语短文精选 4. 青春励志英文经典简短文章 5. 英语青春励志短文
Unit 't have been to the cinema last have; told him the answer3. theyneedn't have gone at all4. musthave had too much work to have been injured seriouslyunit 21. itis a wonder to find2. Itis a surprise for us to find3. itis a waste of time to argue with him4. It'sa comfort to know5. Itis a relief for us to learnunit 31. Hetried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any . Idon't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset . Thewindow was broken because I forgot to close it when I . Weregret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of . Hewelcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college now is twice as expensive as it was a few years is about three times as big as American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as peoplein North . thefee for cell phones is typically twice as much as for calls made over fixedlines5. cantransmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wireunit 51. Youmight as well go there to see whether there is the information you . Wemight as well call it as well ring and tell them you're going to visit . Wemight as well walk . Wemight as well find an easier one to read.
Unit11.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤才能很好地成长。The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明,无论我们白天做什么,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.我们忠于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到。We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。They were accused by authorities of threatening the state .要使这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger . 她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful . 我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。I never had formal training, I just learned as I went .随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼大昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound . 谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评。No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of . 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in . 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their . 你只需填写一张表格就可去的会员资格,他可以是你在卖东西时享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on .不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had . 那位官员卷入一场丑闻,数周后被迫辞职。The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks . 这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场,生意日渐兴隆。The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is .我父母不是对我的教育投资,而是把钱花在了买新竹放了。 Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new .如今,人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍。Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the .一家公司要成功,他必须跟上市场的发展。 In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the 与申请这个职位的其他女孩相比,他流利的英语是个优势。. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the .对于学生而言,没有任何地方比图书更好了,在哪里所有的图书都任由他们使用。 For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their .我们要充分利用好这平台,加强交流,拓展合作领域,共谋发展大业。We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint . 这个小个子男人并不如他看上去那么单纯。This little man is not so innocent as he . 对于这问题我已经束手无策了,所以你不妨去求助与王教授。There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for . 双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果。并希望合作进一步加深。Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be . 一方面,亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受,另一方面,他也能“广直言之路,启进善之门”。On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted. On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions".5. 他孤独的感觉时起时落 ,他有时会对自己,对宠物,对电视机唠叨不休。His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the . 毕竟,金钱不是万能的,最富有的人不是最幸福的。After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the 1假设你发现自己的同事受贿,你会不会无动于衷呢?.Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2.他如此固执,我们对他已失望。跟他争论一点意义都没有。 We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with .他突然想到加速进程的好办法,但组里的成员对此却意见不一。 He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on . 今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符,之前我是做不到的。Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do .要成为一名驾驶员,视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。 The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a .这个组有七个人组成,他们经常见面,分享彼此的信息。 The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each .这些科学家在创建基因图谱的过程中体会到,合作不仅仅是一种有吸引力的选择。 In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option; it was a . 他们的研究研究发现简直是个奇迹,由于他们的发现,人们对基因的历史有了新的了解。Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle. As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human 。事实上勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。.In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over . 法官说这种惩罚将起到杀一儆百的作用。The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to . 感染的危险只限于那些与病人有亲密接触的人。The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the .从这一分析中我们可以更好地知道发生了什么以及要要做些什么。 From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to doabout . 要他守规矩,我不在乎他晚上在外面呆多久么晚。I don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves . 与其他计划相比,我更喜欢他的计划,因为我觉得没有任何一个计划比他的计划更实际。I prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than . 他们与那家公司中断了生意往来,因为那家公司上一个财政年度损失惨重,已经破产了。They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went . 既然你不喜欢他,当初为什么还邀请参加你的生日晚会呢?Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?5. 虽然知道获胜的可能性不大,但比赛失败后,我们多少还是有点沮丧。Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the . 也许这是为进步而付出的代价,谁知道呢?Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows?unit91. 尽管他们做出了巨大的努力,但目前为止,博物馆每天的参观者人很少。For all their great efforts, the museum's daily attendance has so far still been very .作为对政府检察院批评的回应,公司改变了一些做法,而不是放弃自己的规定。 In response to criticism by government inspector, the company changed some of its practices rather than gave up its .警方提醒乘客,不要将钱和贵重物品放在提包里,以防被盗。The police warned passengers against putting money and precious things in bags lest they should be . 调查集中于父母和孩子如何看待学校满足他们需要的那些办法。Surveys ought to focus on how parents and children perceive the way in which the school satisfies their .一瞬间,特斯由一个天真的女孩变成了一个成熟的,受过良好教育的女子。In a flash ,Tess changed from an innocent girl to a mature and well-educated woman。6.我能证实200列新火车正在制造中,第一批将在今年五月投入运营。 I can confirm that 200 new trains are being manufactured and that the first of those trains will come into service in May this yearUnit101.无论你的智商有多高,你的想法都受到个人经历的局限,因此要学会吸纳他人有用的观点。 No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of .这个游戏非常有趣,他们谁也没有注意时间的流逝。 So interesting was the game that none of them took note of passage of .我一直在整理这些旧文件,看看哪些有用,那些需要扔掉。 I’ve been sorting through these old documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown .随着年龄越来越大,你应该考虑未来的计划。 As you get older you should reflect on future . 他在演出中的亮相简直是个轰动。His appearance in the show was nothing less than a . 他们每个月都从工资中留出一笔钱,用于孩子将来的教育。Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their salary for the sake of their kid’s education in the future.
unit1XI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been . Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite . They were accused by authorities of threatening the state . If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger . She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful . I never had formal training, I just learned as I went . As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in . She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all hermoney was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound . No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of . Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in . These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their . You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on . Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they . The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks . The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business . Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new . Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the . In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the . Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the . For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their . We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in moreareas and seek further development through joint . This little man is not so innocent as he . There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for . Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be . On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructivesuggestions".5. His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his petsand the . After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the . Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2. We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with . He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed amongmembers of the group on . Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do . The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a . The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each . In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more thanan attractive option; it was a . Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle. As a result of their findings, new light hasbeen shed on the history of human . In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over . The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to . The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the . From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to do about . 1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves . 1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than . They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal yearand went . Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?5. Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in . Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows?unit9XI1. 尽管他们做出了巨大的努力,但目前为止,博物馆每天的参观者仍然还是很少。(for all; so far) For all their great efforts, the museum's daily attendance has so far still been very low. 2. 作为对政府检查员批评的回应,公司改变了一些做法,而不是放弃自己的规定。(in response to; rather than) In response to criticism by government inspectors, the company changed some of its practices rather than gave up its rules. 3. 警方提醒乘客,不要将钱和贵重物品放在提包里,以防被盗。 (warn against) The police warned the passengers against putting money and precious things in bags lest they should be stolen. 4. 调查应集中于父母和孩子们如何看待学校满足他们需求的那些办法。(focus on) Surveys ought to focus on how parents and children perceive the ways in which the school satisfies their needs. 5. 一瞬间,特斯(Tess)由一个天真的女孩变成了一个成熟、受过良好教育的女子。 (in a flash) In a flash, Tess changed from an innocent girl to a mature and well-educated woman. 6. 我能证实200列新火车正在制造中,第一批将在今年五月投入运营。 (come into service) I can confirm that 200 new trains are being manufactured and that the first of those trains will come into service in May this year. . No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of . So interesting was the game that none of them took note of the passage of . I’ve been sorting through these cold documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown . As you get order you should reflect on future . His appearance in the show was nothing less than a . Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their alary for the sake of their kid’s education in the future. 是哪个单元的已经写明了,对着就知道是哪题了……
你有没有听过人们说他们更倾向于右脑或左脑思考者?从书籍到电视节目,你可能已经听过很多次了,或者你甚至参加了一次在线测试来确定哪种类型最适合你。大脑的不同部位真的控制着不同的身体和心理功能吗? 多年来,一种越来越流行的理论是,右脑和左脑对不同的思维方式负有责任,一个人思考的方式将取决于他大脑的哪一边更积极地工作。 严重依赖右脑的人往往更有想象力和自发性,他们对模式、形状和大小感兴趣,因为右脑与唱歌、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑占主导地位的人在思维方式上与左脑完全相反,他们的思维倾向于逻辑性更强,分析性更强,在数学和文字技能方面通常很突出。 虽然这两个脑区的不同功能可能被流行心理学扭曲和夸大,但了解你在某些领域的长处和弱点可以帮助你找到更好的学习和学习方法。例如,如果你通常在试图遵循口头指示(一种经常被称为右脑特征的活动)上陷入困境,你可以从写下方向和培养更好的组织技能中获益。
英语翻译毕业论文可以写某个电影或者某本书的翻译,开始也不太会,也是莫文网的高手帮忙的,很靠谱的说应用英语翻译呼唤理论指导大学英语翻译教学:现状与对策商务英语翻译中存在的问题与对策新世纪十年来商务英语翻译研究:回顾与前瞻国内商务英语翻译研究综述顺应理论视角下科技英语翻译切雅实证分析经济一体化环境下的商务英语翻译教学大学英语翻译教学存在的问题与对策语用观视角下的中医英语翻译教学实证研究翻译——找到源语的所指——对规划教材《商务英语翻译》误译译例的批判研究从功能对等角度看商务英语翻译高校科技英语翻译课程设置探讨功能对等理论指导下的商务英语翻译科技英语汉译的英语翻译技巧研究——以船舶英语文本中的汉译为例功能对等视角下的科技英语翻译论商务英语翻译的4Es标准关联理论在科技英语翻译中的应用——以Climate Change and Peak Oil文本的翻译为例大学英语翻译教学:问题与对策英语翻译专业本科生的笔译能力调查分析——以某师范大学英语翻译专业为例中国职业篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译人员现状及发展对策研究从目的论的角度下看商务英语翻译试论旅游英语翻译中的创造性论高职商务英语翻译教学中学生跨文化交际意识的培养试论近代国人英语翻译基于功能翻译理论的商务英语翻译教学任务型教学法在《商务英语翻译》教学中的运用跨文化因素对商务英语翻译的影响及调整策略商务英语翻译教学存在的问题与改革商务英语翻译与文化信息等值研究大学英语翻译教学教材编写探讨东西方文化差异对商务英语翻译的影响顺序分析在科技英语翻译中的应用——以翻译项目《大气污染排放系数手册》为案例从关联理论分析法律英语翻译中的文化差异及其翻译补偿商务英语翻译原则探讨商务英语翻译中的文化与语用因素研究Advanced Systematic Golf高尔夫技术英语翻译项目的实践报告
一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题 英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向,具体解释如下: 1.英语文学:选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。 在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》) 2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。 普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。 应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围的选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习的影响”等。 3.翻译学:翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下,对翻译活动的研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究(如“汉语成语的英译”)。应该注意的是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求 学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。 (一)前置 1.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。 2.目录:由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页。 3.中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右 4关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。 (二)主体部分 主题部分包括引言(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。 1.引言:主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。 2.正文:论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分,论点明确。行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用“.”相隔,最末级编号之后不加点。示例: 1. 2.…… …… .… 3.结论:学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。 4.参考文献:写作学位论文过程中,阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单,置于正文之后,另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。 (1)文献目录应另页书写,外文文献排前,中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。 (2)文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。 (3)每条文献必须顶格写,回行时空两字或五个英语字母。 (4)将各文献的类型代号(即文献英文名的首字母)注明在文献之后: 专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R] 专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕 电子文献中光盘图书 [M/CD](MONOGRAPH ON CD) 网上期刊〔J/OL〕(serial online) 5.文内所引文献:要求附夹注,应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名(英文只注姓),出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献,则加quoted in 字样。 例:(王佐良,1982:38) (Newmark,8:26-33) 6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的,不应出现在参考文献中。 (三)附录部分 附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料,如图表或照片等。
最简单的事用金山词霸翻译
毕业设计不会做,抄也要讲究方法作为一个已经毕业了的大学生,在做毕业设计的过程中,无论是设计成果的研究还是毕业论文的撰写,不可回避的一个问题就是抄袭。作为一个过来人,我想说的是,做毕业设计难免会有抄袭的现象,但是一定要掌握方法,千万不要盲目的抄完了事,那样做是非常危险的。有的同学看都不看就抄到论文上去了,有的同学拿着别人做完的东西都不研究一下就参加答辩去了。我就听过一个活生生、血淋淋的例子——老师问:“你这段代码是什么意思?”答:“我不知道。”老师又问下一段代码,又不知道,老师问:“这是你做的吗?”答:“不是,老师给的。”其结果可想而知了。你们想想,那些东西都是往届毕业生做出来的,老师们能看不出来吗?掩耳盗铃,自欺欺人,大家都是成年人,我想不用多说了吧。大家在完成毕业设计的过程中肯定会遇到各种各样的现实性困难,成果做不出来了怎么办?论文写不出来了怎么办?外文文献不会翻译怎么办?其实这都好办,世界上再难的技术也是人做出来,没有成果就找个现成的东西;论文写不出来就多看几本书,多引用书里的内容;外文水平不高就用翻译软件。总之一句话,你有张良计,我有过墙梯,物竟天择,适者生存。文章转自 众赏文库 毕业设计论文,专业文档下载