泰语专业毕业论文提纲

论文提纲格式与范文（精选6篇）

当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。下面是我整理的论文提纲格式与范文，欢迎大家分享。

标题：论中学教师对新课程改革的不适应性及应对策略

ХХХ(井冈山大学化学化工学院，江西吉安343009)

指导老师：ХХХХХ

[摘要]基础教育新课程改革缘起于社会发展与课程功能滞后、素质教育与课程运作流弊、价值转型与课程旨趣单向等方面的矛盾动因。在这种背景下的新课程改革，给中小学教师带来了很大的不适，主要有教师的角色转换、教师的视角转换、教师的教学方式、学生的学习方式等方面所引起的心里不适，针对新课程改革中教师这些心理不适,给出教师的自身努力、学校的策略和社会支持等三种应对策略。

[关键词]基础教育;新课程改革;教师;心里不适;应对策略

[引言]：随着新课程改革的进行，也有很多的专家、教师意识到了这个问题，并对它展开了研究。但由于传统教育它的真的是根深蒂固，要想一下子改变是非常难，研究也没有太深入的进行。因为课程的改革是势在必行的，教师只有去适应它的变化，适应社会的发展，才能让自己更好的发展。那么，跟着这个趋势，我们的研究将会越来越来剥出真相，更能掌握住新课程改革的真是目的，提高我国的教育质量和水平。本文主要就对教师的这些心理不适应进行分析，并提出一些相应的应对策略，总结其经验教训，以此给一些处在这种状况下的教师做些参考。

[正文]

一引言

基础教育新课程改革时代背景

社会发展与课程功能滞后

素质教育与课程运作流弊

价值转型与课程旨趣单向

二教师对新课程改革的不适应性

教师对由居高临下向平等融洽的角色转变的心里不适

教师对视角的转换的不适应

教师对新的教学方式的心里不适

教师对学生的新学习方式的心里不适应

教师对自我的心里不适

三应对新课程改革中教师心理不适的策略

教师的自身努力层面

教师要关注自身在新课改中的教师转换

提高教学监控能力

正视自己，提高自信，完善自我

学校策略层面

学校管理策略

学校的培训策略

学校的交流策略

社会支持层面

加快教师专业化进程

建立科学的教师评价体系

要理解和尊重教师

四结束语

致谢

参考文献[1][2][3]

1绪论

选题背景

研究意义

论文研究内容和研宄范围

可能的创新与不足

2国内外相关文献综述

公司财务特征与财务重述的关系

公司治理与财务重述的关系

财务重述动因

财务重述经济后果

文献评述与启示

3概念界定、理论基础与研宄假设

概念界定

财务重述概念的界定

债务融资概念的界定

理论基础

委托代理理论

信息不对称理论

行为学理论

研宄假设

融资需求和财务报告重述的关系

财务报告重述对债务融资的影响

4实证研究设计

融资需求与财务重述相关关系研宄

样本选取

数据搜集

变量定义

模型设定

描述性统计与差异分析

自变量相关性检验

回归分析

财务重述与债务融资相关关系研究

样本选取

变量定义

模型设定

描述性统计与差异分析

自变量相关性检验

线性回归分析

5研究结论、政策建议和研究展望

研宄结论

政策建议

健全监管制度，加大处罚力度，落实赔偿责任制度

完善公司内部治理结构

研宄展望

本文结论

本文以2008-2013年制造行业上市公司的财务重述现象为研究对象，首先对重述企业按照一定规则设置配比样本，然后采用独立样本T检验和线性回归的方法检验了融资需求与财务报告重述之间的关系以及重述公告的发布对债务融资规模的影响。通过本文的分析，可以得出以下结论：

首先，我国制造业上市公司财务重述具有一定的普遍性和频发性。在2008-2013年间，共有541家上市公司进行财务重述，在六年间有90家上市公司发布过3次以上更正或差错调整公告，其中深中华A、廊坊发展和亚星化学在六年间发布了5次财务重述公告，这充分说明有相当一部分上市公司频繁发生财务重述，可以看出其重述的动机很可能是进行盈余操纵、粉饰财务报表。

其次，通过对重述企业和配比企业进行独立样本T检验可以发现，重述企业的融资需求显着大于配比企业，以财务重述作为被解释变量、以融资需求作为解释变量进行logistic回归，融资需求与财务重述显着正相关。该实证检验结果证实了本文的假设，即当企业流动资金不足时，企业就有了以低成本进行融资的需求，此时管理层倾向于修改财务数据以粉饰财务报表，当被注册会计师或监管机构发现时再以临时公告的形式进行差错更正或追溯调整，因而融资需求显着增加了财务重述的可能性。

再次，己有研究表明财务重述会损害股东价值，造成负的市场反应，因此在控制了公司财务特征和公司治理特征之后，预计债权人会对发生财务重述的企业的会计信息质量产生怀疑，为了规避风险会减少对重述企业的贷款。实证结果支持了上述假设，上市公司的财务重述损害了会计信息质量，增加了与债权人与重述公司之间的信息不对称，加大了债权人的风险，为了保护自身利益不受损害，债权人会减少对重述企业的贷款。

最后，从融资需求一财务重述一债务融资规模二者的联动关系上看，融资需求驱动了企业的财务重述行为，但是财务重述后债权人（例如银行）会根据该行为识别出其潜在的风险，从而减少对企业的投资，使得重述企业的后续融资更加困难。可见，投资者通过财务重述行为可以识别出潜在的风险，上市公司应慎重考虑财务重述的得与失。

第一章引言

第一节研究背景及意义

一、研究背景

二、研究意义

第二节国内外研究现状

一、国外研究现状

二、国内研究现状

三、国内外研究评述

第三节研究思路与方法

一、研究思路

二、研究方法

第四节可能的创新

一、可能的创新

二、存在的不足

第二章中国住房供求现状分析

第一节中国住房需求总量分析

一、住房需求的界定

二、住房需求总量测算方法

三、城镇人口测算

四、城镇住房需求

第二节中国住房供给总量及供求均衡分析

一、中国住房供给总量

二、中国住房供求均衡分析

第三章中国保障房供给数量优化

第一节当前我国保障房合理供给量的测算

一、当前我国保障房对象的界定

二、当前我国保障房合理供给量的测算

第二节中国保障房供给数量优化

一、商品房与保障房的需求特征

二、基于住房可支付性视角的商品房与保障房需求群体划分

第四章中国保障房来源结构与配置模式优化

第一节中国保障房来源结构优化

一、部分商品房转化为保障房的必要性

二、商品房转化为保障房的可行途径

第二节中国保障房配置模式优化

一、当前保障房配置模式及存在的问题

二、保障房配置模式优化

第五章中国保障房体系优化中的融资风险控制

第一节中国保障房融资风险与传导机制

一、中国保障房融资模式

二、中国保障房融资风险

三、保障房融资风险传导机制

第二节不同保障模式下中国保障房融资风险比较

一、租售并举模式下保障房资金需求

二、纯租金补贴模式下住房保障资金需求

三、基于财政负担与可清偿能力的保障房融资风险

第三节中国保障房融资风险控制

二、保障房资金使用：高效率

第六章结论与展望

第一节研究结论

第二节研究展望

本文结论

本文从保障房体系优化的一般分析入手，在对我国保障房合理供给量、来源结构与配置模式进行系统分析的基础上，动态研究我国保障房体系优化与风险控制问题，得出三点结论，同时提出未来中国保障房的发展以及理论研究方向。

题目《辩护律师执业权利保障机制研究》

一、辩护律师执业权利保障机制的理论途释

（一）辩护律师执业权利之界定

1.辩护律师执业权利的内涵

2.辩护律师执业权利的种类及特征

（二）辩护律师执业权利保障机制的概念与构成

1.辩护律师执业权利保障机制的概念

2.辩护律师执业权利保障机制的构成

（三）构建辩护律师执业权利保障机制的重要性

二、辩护律师执业权利保障机制的域外考察与启示

（―）域外辩护律师执业权利及其保障

1.域外辩护律师基本执业权利及其保障

2.域外辩护律师执业的保障性权利

（二）域外辩护律师执业权利保障的配套制度

1.司法审查制度

2.程序性裁判机制

（三）域外辩护律师执业权利保障机制的启示

1.对辩护律师执业权利的保障比较充分

2.赋予辩护律师执业豁免权

3.建立了较为完善的配套制度

三、我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的实证分析

（―）我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的现状

1.立法现状

2.司法实践现状

（二）辩护律师执业权利保障机制存在的问题

1.《宪法》对辩护律师执业权利保障缺失

2.立法规定过于笼统

3.《刑法》第306条的羁绊

4.辩护律师执业权利缺乏制度保障和法律救济

5.法律职业共同体缺失

四、完善我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的若干构想

（―）建议废除《刑法》306条

（二）完善辩护律师执业豁免制度

（三）建立法律职业资格转换制度

（四）建立刑事司法审查制度

（五）探索建立以人大内务司法委员会为主的争议解决机制

（六）强化律师行业自身维权机制

（七）完骞侵犯辩护律师权利的程序性制裁机制

结语

如果把刑事辩护律师跟司法办案机关的博弈比作一场拳击竞技，那么辩护一方就是一个发育尚不健全的小个子，其对手控诉一方则是腰圆体宽的大力士，而且这个大力士还同时充当着裁判者的身份，随时可以叫停甚至把小个子对手判罚出局。这是一个多么“有意思”的场景啊！但这就是当前中国刑事辩护律师的现实困境。当然，从历史的角度看，这种现象已经是中国历史上难得一见的了，在清末以前，这是不可想象的。凭心而论，应该说现在己经是中国辩护律师处于历史上从未有过的“美好时刻”了。在科学、经济、法律如此高速发展的时代，我们有什么理由来悲观地看待“大状”们的未来发展前景呢！可以预料在不久的将来，随着中国特色社会主义建设历程的不断推进，刑事辩护律师的地位会日益重要，刑事辩护的各种体制机制会日益完善，辩护律师的专业素养也会日益提高。如果把刑事辩护律师跟司法办案机关的博弈比作一场拳击竞技，那么辩护一方就是一个发育尚不健全的小个子，其对手控诉一方则是腰圆体宽的大力士，而且这个大力士还同时充当着裁判者的身份，随时可以叫停甚至把小个子对手判罚出局。这是一个多么“有意思”的场景啊！但这就是当前中国刑事辩护律师的现实困境。当然，从历史的角度看，这种现象已经是中国历史上难得一见的了，在清末以前，这是不可想象的。凭心而论，应该说现在己经是中国辩护律师处于历史上从未有过的“美好时刻”了。在科学、经济、法律如此高速发展的时代，我们有什么理由来悲观地看待“大状”们的未来发展前景呢！可以预料在不久的将来，随着中国特色社会主义建设历程的不断推进，刑事辩护律师的地位会日益重要，刑事辩护的各种体制机制会日益完善，辩护律师的专业素养也会日益提高。

论文提纲格式

1.标题式写法

用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写。

2.句子式写法

以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。

(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要

论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。

(二)原稿纸页数的分配

写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7 页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。

(三)编写提纲

论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的`，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。

编写论文提纲的详细步骤

一、序论

1、提出中心论题;

2、说明写作意图。

二、本论

(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件

1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;

2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;

3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;

4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。

(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状

1、供大于求的买方市场;

2、有市无场的隐形市场;

3、易进难出的畸形市场;

4、交易无序的自发市场。

(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策

1、统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;

2、加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;

3、健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;

4、调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;

5、深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。

三、结论

1、概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;

2、呼应开头的序言。

上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业’论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。

第1章绪论

研究背景及意义

论文框架与创新之处

第2章文献综述

企业社会责任的内涵及演进

战略性企业社会责任概念及维度

企业社会责任与财务绩效的衡量方法

企业社会责任与财务绩效关系研究

第3章承担战略性企业社会责任的理论基础

企业生态系统理论

利益相关者理论

竞争优势理论

第4章制度背景、理论分析与研究假设

制度背景

战略性企业社会责任对财务绩效影响分析

所有权性质对战略性企业社会责任影响分析

第5章战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系实证设计

样本选取及数据来源

变量设计

模型构建

第6章战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系实证分析

描述性分析

英语专业论文提纲

英语专业论文提纲范文

英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展，英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大，成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文，欢迎阅读!

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，

因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词：习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006

[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教学出版社, 2008

[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板

所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一

摘要 2-3

Abstract 3

引言 6-13

一、研究的背景 6-7

二、文献综述 7-11

(一) 国外研究状况 7-9

(二) 国内研究状况 9-11

三、研究方法 11-12

四、创新之处 12-13

第一章小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22

一、相关概念的界定 13

二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14

(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13

(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14

三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18

(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15

(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16

(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18

四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22

(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19

(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22

第二章小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38

一、调研设计 22-23

(一) 调研对象 22

(二) 调研方法 22

(三) 调研内容 22-23

二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38

(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25

(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27

(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34

(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38

第三章小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46

一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41

(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39

(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40

(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40

(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40

(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46

第四章优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54

一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51

(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48

(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50

(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54

(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51

(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52

(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52

(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52

(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54

结语 54-55

参考文献 55-59

致谢 59-60

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，

因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词：习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006

英语专业的论文提纲模板

导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！

Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason

Background of Gone with the Wind

Author's Life and Emotional Experience

Development of the Feminist Movement

Influence of Economic Crisis

Background of the Translator

Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept

Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style

Selection and Use of Words

Symbolthe Usage of Idioms

Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication

Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction

' Logic and Combination

's Device and Style

's Transition

, Slangs and Fixed Collocations

Identity

of Narrative Style

Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style

Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason

Significance

' Effort

Conclusion

This article conclusion

Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.

Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.

In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.

泰国旅游业毕业论文提纲范文

1、选题根据专业与拟定方向选题，搭建清晰的写作框架。2、文献学习学术文献的检索与阅读方法，筛选出有效文献并根据文献的使用途径进行整理、分类。3、提案根据已有的思路和框架理清 Proposal 的写作方法，明确研究方法4、会议Proposal 提交后，分析导师的 Feedback ，明确后续研究指明方向。5、写作学习写作方法，重点 Introduction 和 Literature review 的写作要领和注意事项。6、建模解析数据分析中所使用公式、模型、及数据的获取方式，学习Methodology 的写作方法7、写作检查前四部分的论文内容， Discussion , Conclusions 及 Abstracts 的写作方法。8、检查进行第一次全面检查，重点检查全文的内容、语法和词汇，改善并校对论文的提交格式检查。

毕业论文提纲模板范文

论文提纲是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。有了一个好的提纲，就能纲举目张，提纲挚领，掌握全篇论文的基本骨架，使论文的结构完整统一。以下是我整理的关于毕业论文提纲模板范文，欢迎阅读参考。

题目：主标题数据结构课程建设

副标题 ---网络教学平台的设计与实现

关键词：网络教学 asp 网络课程

摘要：本文简要介绍了关于网络教学的意义，以及我国网络教学的模式现状，网络教学平台的设计与实现

摘要-------------------------------------(300字)

引言-------------------------------------(500字)

一、网络教学(xx字)

.网络教学现状-----------------------------

.网络教学与传统教学的比较分析-------------

.网络教学的优势---------------------------

二、网络课程(xx字)

.教育建设资源规范-------------------------

.我国网络课程模式现状与问题的思考---------

三、网络教学平台设计的理论基础(xx字)---------

四、网络教学平台功能描述(1000字)---------------

公告板--课堂学习--答疑教室--概念检索-------

作业部分--试题部分--算法演示--技术文章-----

--课件推荐--课件下载--资源站点--管理部分

五、网络教学平台的设计与实现(xx字)

.课堂学习-------------------------------

.公告板---------------------------------

.概念检索-------------------------------

.技术文章-------------------------------

六、数据库部分的设计与实现(1000字)-------------

七、用户管理权限部分的设计与实现(1000字)-------

八、结论(500字)

1.课题名称：

钢筋混凝土多层、多跨框架软件开发

2.项目研究背景：

所要编写的结构程序是混凝土的框架结构的设计，建筑指各种房屋及其附属的构筑物。建筑结构是在建筑中，由若干构件，即组成结构的单元如梁、板、柱等，连接而构成的能承受作用(或称荷载)的平面或空间体系。

编写算例使用建设部最新出台的《混凝土结构设计规范》gb50010-xx,该规范与原混凝土结构设计规范gbj10-89相比，新增内容约占15%，有重大修订的内容约占35%，保持和基本保持原规范内容的部分约占50%，规范全面总结了原规范发布实施以来的实践经验，借鉴了国外先进标准技术。

3.项目研究意义：

建筑中，结构是为建筑物提供安全可靠、经久耐用、节能节材、满足建筑功能的一个重要组成部分，它与建筑材料、制品、施工的工业化水平密切相关，对发展新技术。新材料，提高机械化、自动化水平有着重要的促进作用。

由于结构计算牵扯的数学公式较多，并且所涉及的规范和标准很零碎。并且计算量非常之大，近年来，随着经济进一步发展，城市人口集中、用地紧张以及商业竞争的激烈化，更加剧了房屋设计的复杂性，许多多高层建筑不断的被建造。这些建筑无论从时间上还是从劳动量上，都客观的需要计算机程序的`辅助设计。这样，结构软件开发就显得尤为重要。

一栋建筑的结构设计是否合理，主要取决于结构体系、结构布置、构件的截面尺寸、材料强度等级以及主要机构构造是否合理。这些问题已经正确解决，结构计算、施工图的绘制、则是另令人辛苦的具体程序设计工作了，因此原来在学校使用的手算方法，将被运用到具体的程序代码中去，精力就不仅集中在怎样利用所学的结构知识来设计出做法，还要想到如何把这些做法用代码来实现，

4.文献研究概况

在不同类型的结构设计中有些内容是一样的，做框架结构设计时关键是要减少漏项、减少差错，计算机也是如此的。

建筑结构设计统一标准(gbj68-84) 该标准是为了合理地统一各类材料的建筑结构设计的基本原则，是制定工业与民用建筑结构荷载规范、钢结构、薄壁型钢结构、混凝土结构、砌体结构、木结构等设计规范以及地基基础和建筑抗震等设计规范应遵守的准则。

结构，以及组成结构的构件和基础;适用于结构的使用阶段，以及结构构件的制作、运输与安装等施工阶段。本标准引进了现代结构可靠性设计理论，采用以概率理论为基础的极限状态设计方法分析确定，即将各种影响结构可靠性的因素都视为随机变量，使设计的概念和方法都建立在统计数学的基础上，并以主要根据统计分析确定的失效概率来度量结构的可靠性，属于“概率设计法”，这是设计思想上的重要演进。这也是当代国际上工程结构设计方法发展的总趋势，而我国在设计规范(或标准)中采用概率极限状态设计法是迄今为止采用最广泛的国家。

泰国留学生毕业论文泰语 วิทยานิพนธ์ของนักศึกษาต่างชาติของประเทศไทย

简单提纲以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：一、绪论二、本论(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件(二)2012年建筑劳动力市场的基本现状(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策三、结论论文提纲详细提纲详细提纲是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法：一、绪论1．提出中心论题；2，说明写作意图。二、本论(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件1．市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境；2．建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求；3．城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证；4．建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。（二）具体市场分类1．供大于求的买方市场；2.有市无场的隐形市场；3．易进难出的畸形市场；4.交易无序的自发市场。(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策1．统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控；2．加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易；3．健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易；4．调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动；5，深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。三、结论1，概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务；2．呼应开头的序言。提纲的选择要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大；但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的论文。总之，在动手撰写论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。

专业英语毕业论文提纲样本

英语毕业论文提纲模板

紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。

Acknowledgements 4-6

Contents 6-10

List of Figures 10-12

List of Tables 12-20

Abstract 20-22

摘要 23-25

Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32

Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29

Significance of the study 29-30

Organization of the study 30-31

A note on terminology 31-32

Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51

T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35

Defining coherence 32-33

T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42

T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42

T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44

The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47

Training in T/TP 47-49

Summary 49-51

Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70

Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55

Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53

Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54

Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55

Theme and thematic progression 55-70

Theme 56-62

Thematic progression 62-70

Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88

The participants and the educational context 70-73

Background of the participants and the participating school 70

The allocation of participants to the training 70-71

The sample sizes 71-72

The pilot study 72-73

The interventional procedures 73-74

The questionnaire 74-75

The training 75-80

Considerations behind the training 75-76

The training material 76-79

The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80

Data analysis 80-86

Analysis of the writing 80-86

Analysis of the questionnaire 86

Ethical considerations 86-88

Informed consent 86-87

Anonymity 87

Harm 87-88

Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115

Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100

Interpersonal Themes 100-102

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107

Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110

Summary 110-115

Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137

Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126

Interpersonal Themes 126-129

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131

Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132

Summary 132-137

Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155

Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145

Interpersonal Themes 145-147

Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149

Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150

Summary 150-155

Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165

Findings from closed questions 155-160

EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157

EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158

EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159

EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160

Findings from open questions 160-164

The changes that occurred 161-162

The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163

The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163

EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164

Summary 164-165

Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195

Findings with regard to research questions 165-187

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181

Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187

Positioning the study within the literature 187-190

T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189

Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190

Implications 190-194

Pedagogical implication 190-193

Methodological implication 193-194

Limitations 194-195

Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200

Summary 195-197

Putting everything together 197-199

Suggestions for future work 199-200

Notes 200-202

References 202-214

Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215

Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217

Appendix 3: Training material 217-229

Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237

Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238

Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239

Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239

中文摘要 3-4

ABSTRACT 4

Chapter One Introduction 7-10

Motivation of the present study 7-8

Significance of this study 8

Composition of this thesis 8-10

Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19

Language production 10-14

L1 Production 10-11

L2 Production 11-12

Dimensions of language production 12-14

Theories on oral output 14-15

Skehan’s dual-model system 14

Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15

Task Repetition 15-17

Task 15-16

Task repetition 16-17

Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19

CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25

Research justification and questions 19

Hypothesis 19-20

Methods 20-25

Participants 20-21

Material 21

Research design 21-23

Measures 23-25

Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41

Results and Analysis 25-34

Quantitative analysis 25-27

Qualitative analysis 27-34

Discussion 34-41

Fluency 34-36

Complexity 36-38

Accuracy 38-39

interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41

Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44

Conclusion and implication 41-43

Limitations and recommendations 43-44

Acknowledgements 44-45

References 45-49

Appendixes 49-54

A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50

B. The same-content task 50-51

C. The different-content task 51-52

D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53

E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54

F. Sample of writing repetition task 54

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Research Background

Significance of the Study

Research Goals and Questions

Data Collection and Methodology

Analysis Procedures

Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Introduction to Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad

Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home

Studies on Personal Statements

Introduction to Personal Statement

Summary

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

An Overview of Attitude System

Affect Resources

Judgment Resources

Social Esteem

Social Sanction

Appreciation Resources

Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Summary

Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies

Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study

References

Acknowledgements

英语专业的论文提纲模板

导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！

Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason

Background of Gone with the Wind

Author's Life and Emotional Experience

Development of the Feminist Movement

Influence of Economic Crisis

Background of the Translator

Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept

Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style

Selection and Use of Words

Symbolthe Usage of Idioms

Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication

Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction

' Logic and Combination

's Device and Style

's Transition

, Slangs and Fixed Collocations

Identity

of Narrative Style

Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style

Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason

Significance

' Effort

Conclusion

This article conclusion

Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.

Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.

In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.

英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017

英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!

一、目的和意义

英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。

二、选题原则

毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。

毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：

1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。

2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。

3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。

4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。

三、类型及基本要求

英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：

1、语言及语言学研究类论文

就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。

2、文学评论类论文

此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。

3、翻译研究类论文

此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。

4、语言教学研究类论文

此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。

5、经贸方向研究类论文

此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。

四、任务及深度要求

毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。

五、考核办法

毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：

1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。

2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。

3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。

六、毕业论文时间分配

序号内容时间(周)

1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4

2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5

3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2

4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2

5 毕业论文答辩 1

合计 14

七、其它说明

外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。

contents

introduction………………………………………………………………1

common historical background……………………………………1

international………………………………………………………1

national…………………………………………………………1

common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2

rebellion against conventions……………………………………2

beats in literature………………………………………………2

rockers in music circles………………………………………3

ideologies in between……………………………………………4

beatniks were fed up with their government about

the explanations of why things happened……………………4

their same destiny……………………………………………4

beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by

both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5

belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5

beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6

rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6

identical lifestyles………………………………………………6

bohemian…………………………………………………………7

beats…………………………………………………………7

rockers………………………………………………………7

madness…………………………………………………………8

the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,

and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven

to madness……………………………………………………8

rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on

rock circus spot………………………………………………9

self-indulgent……………………………………………………9

drugs…………………………………………………………9

homosexual…………………………………………………10

4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10

beats of satan and angles………………………………………10

rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11

conclusion………………………………………………………………13

Why should we write the thesis?

To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.

By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.

It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.

Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.

How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so

What do we need when we write a thesis?

Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.

Secondly, the way of writing is also important.

A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.

The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:

Wording: we prefer big word to small one;

Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.

How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?

Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:

1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:

2. Choose a title/Title a paper;

3. Collect materials for reference in writing;

4. Analyze the collected materials;

5. Sort out the data and arguments;

6. List references;

7. Make up an outline;

8. 1—3 drafts;

9. Proofread;

10. The last version.

What subjects may we choose to write?

English and American Literature

The Practice and Theory of Translation

English Language

English Linguistics

English Grammar

English Phonetics

English Lexicology

English Rhetoric

Language and Culture

ELT Methodology

Teaching English in Middle School

English Teaching Research and Survey

The History of… (All mentioned above)

英语专业毕业论文提纲的格式