英语论文乱世佳人的参考文献

《飘》（Gone With The Wind）是一部出版于1936年的美国小说，作者为玛格丽特·米契尔，在1937年获得普利兹奖。这本小说是其作者活着时出版的唯一一部作品，但它成了美国史上最为畅销的小说之一Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American author, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel Gone with the Wind. The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies (see list of best-selling books). An American film adaptation, released in 1939, became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood, and received a record-breaking ten Academy Awards. She has been honored by the United States Postal Service with a 1￠ Great Americans series postage stamp.Early lifeMargaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Eugene Mitchell, a lawyer, and Mary Isabelle, much referred to as Maybell, a suffragist of Irish Catholic origin. Mitchell's brother, Stephens, was four years her senior. Her childhood was spent in the laps of Civil War veterans and of her maternal relatives, who had lived through the Civil War.[citation needed]After graduating from Washington Seminary (now The Westminster Schools), she attended Smith College, but withdrew during her freshman year in 1918. She returned to Atlanta to take over the household after her mother's death earlier that year from the great Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.Shortly afterward, she defied the conventions of her class and times by taking a job at the Atlanta Journal. Under the name Peggy Mitchell she wrote a weekly column for the newspaper's Sunday edition, thereby making her mark as one of the first female columnists at the South's largest newspaper. Mitchell's first professional writing assignment was an interview with an Atlanta socialite, whose couture-buying trip to Italy was interrupted by the Fascist takeover.[citation needed]Mitchell married Berrien “Red” Upshaw in 1922, but they were divorced after it was revealed that he was a bootlegger and an abusive alcoholic. She later married Upshaw's friend, John Marsh, on July 4, 1925; Marsh had been best man at her first wedding and legend has it that both men courted Mitchell in 1921 and 1922, but Upshaw proposed first.[citation needed]She is also the distant cousin to famous gunfighter/dentist, Doc Holliday, who participated in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. It is also thought that she modeled Ashley Wilkes, a main character in Gone with the Wind, after Holliday.OccupationUsing Mitchell's scrapbooks from the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia, editor Patrick Allen collected 64 of the columns Mitchell considered her best work. They were published in 2000 under the title Margaret Mitchell, Reporter.[1]Her portraits and personality sketches in particular show a promise of her skill to portray the kind of characters who made Gone With the Wind the second best-selling book, next to the Bible, at the time of publication.[dubious – discuss][2] Even as a supposedly neutral reporter, her irrepressible personality shines through. This collection of Mitchell's journalism transcends fact-gathering, showing Mitchell as a young woman and providing a compelling snapshot of life in the Jazz Age South.Writing Gone with the WindMitchell is reported to have begun writing bedridden with a broken ankle. The house where Mitchell lived while writing her manuscript is known today as The Margaret Mitchell House and located in Midtown Atlanta. A museum dedicated to Gone with the Wind lies a few miles north of Atlanta, in Marietta, Georgia. It is called "Scarlett On the Square", as it is located on the historic Marietta Square. It houses costumes from the film, screenplays, and many artifacts from Gone With the Wind including Mitchell's collection of foreign editions of her book. The house and the museum are major tourist destinationsPublicationMitchell lived as a modest Atlanta newspaperwoman until a visit from Macmillan editor Harold Latham, who visited Atlanta in 1935.[3] Latham was scouring the South for promising writers, and Mitchell agreed to escort him around Atlanta at the request of her friend, Lois Cole, who worked for Latham. Latham was enchanted with Mitchell, and asked her if she had ever written a book. Mitchell demurred. "Well, if you ever do write a book, please show it to me first!" Latham implored. Later that day, a friend of Mitchell, having heard this conversation, laughed. "Imagine, anyone as silly as Peggy writing a book!" she said. Mitchell stewed over this comment, went home, and found most of the old, crumbling envelopes containing her disjointed manuscript. She arrived at The Georgian Terrace Hotel, just as Latham prepared to depart Atlanta. "Here," she said, "take this before I change my mind!"[citation needed]Latham bought an extra suitcase to accommodate the giant manuscript. When Mitchell arrived home, she was horrified over her impetuous act, and sent a telegram to Latham: "Have changed my mind. Send manuscript back."[citation needed] But Latham had read enough of the manuscript to realize it would be a blockbuster. He wrote to her of his thoughts about its potential success. MacMillan soon sent her a check in advance to encourage her to complete the novel — she had not composed a first chapter. She completed her work in March 1936.Herschel Brickell, a famous literary critic for the New York Evening Post, reviewed Mitchell's book in an article titled " “Margaret Mitchell’s First Novel, ‘Gone With the Wind,’ a Fine Panorama of the Civil War Period.” His review helped launch Mitchell's career by calling attention to what would become one of the best novels of the Southern Renaissance. Over time, Brickell and Mitchell became extremely close; much of their correspondence has been published and is available in the archives at the University of Mississippi. Brickell was also a correspondent, friend, and adviser to other southern writers including Eudora Welty, Truman Capote, William Alexander Percy, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Zora Neale Hurston, Stark Young and Allen Tate.[4]Gone With the Wind was published on June 30, 1936. The book was dramatized by David O. Selznick, and released three years later. The premiere of the film was held in Atlanta on December 15, 1939.Gone with the Wind was such an overnight success that its publisher George Platt Brett, President of Macmillan Publishing, gave all its employees an 18% bonus in 1936.DeathMitchell was struck by a speeding automobile as she crossed Peachtree Street at 13th Street with her husband, John Marsh, on her way to see the British film A Canterbury Tale at The Peachtree Art Theatre in August 1949. She died at Grady Hospital five days later without regaining consciousness. The driver, Hugh Gravitt, was an off-duty taxi driver. He was driving his personal vehicle at the time, but his occupation led to many erroneous references over the years to Mitchell’s having been struck by a taxi. After the accident, Gravitt was arrested for drunken driving and released on a $5,450 bond until Mitchell's death several days later. Georgia Gov. Herman Talmadge announced that the state would tighten regulations for licensing taxi drivers.Gravitt was later convicted of involuntary manslaughter and served 11 months in prison. His conviction was controversial because witnesses said Mitchell stepped into the street without looking, and her friends claimed she often did this.She was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta. 1936 original cover of Gone with the WindAuthor Margaret MitchellCountry United StatesLanguage EnglishGenre(s) Historical fiction, Romance, Drama, NovelPublisher Macmillan PublishersPublication date May 1936Media type Print (hardcover and paperback)Pages 1037 (first edition)1024 (Warner Books paperback)ISBN ISBN 0-446-36538-6 (Warner)OCLC Number 28491920Followed by Scarlett作者 玛格丽特·米契尔出版地 美国语言 英文类型 历史小说出版者 Macmillan 出版商出版日期 1936年6月30日媒介 图书页数 1037页（首版）1024页（平装版，华纳出版社）ISBN ISBN 0446365386 （华纳出版社）

The first she at difficult of time presume to undertake a responsibility, although also have commotion, the end still undertake a responsibility, for example she saved the plum 兰妮 , she is heavy to flap tower to pull a park, helping the 阿仕莱 an etc. over a long period of time afterwards. The second she presumes to love, with no regret, one of her youth all Be loving the 阿仕莱 , have no repay but she still didn't give up an effort, until the extreme limit of[with] ability. The third's acknowledging wrong it can change, be her end understand she before for is a mistake, she right away the elephant 瑞 virtuous apology, the claim forgive. Total of to say, the 斯 beauty be rated as the 锦帼 let man of strange woman, in the person the dragon 凤 , no wonder that 瑞 virtuous and such cow person also grovels under her pomegranate skirt. See each time 《the chaotic beauty 》, have different results each time.The young hour see, disliking the 斯嘉丽 that the vainglory love show off,Like the 玫兰妮 of the clean and pure docile, don't like virtuous Ba of glib 瑞勒 especially, like a rare gift of gentle and cultivated 阿 ,Like south such as the life of the beautiful scenery and the pastoral eclogue type draw, don't like a north of superficial with debauchery. Saw many times afterwards after and not from have to respect and admire to the 斯嘉丽 , the good luck is should be a young girl, intractable and young,The matrimony is a fit of impulse revenge for the first time, marry to love of boy, let the oneself become young widow. Matrimony for the second time is for the sake of the families' existence, rend away the younger sister's lover, Kennedy. Although the Kennedy is a half old man son, isn't the opponent of the 斯嘉丽 , facing her cruelty with heartless, he feel helpless. End the indignity almost suffered for the sake of the 斯嘉丽 make reprisals poor white man but is die by person's shot, having the misfortune to die unjustly. But never enjoyed 1:00 of the 斯嘉丽 to love.Hence the 斯嘉丽 becomes widow again, and is still a rich widow. Fall thick and fast in that battle fire of age, for promising a rare gift of 阿 care is a commitment of the 玫兰妮 , at the north soldier will attack and occupy Atlanta of time,The 斯嘉丽 assists in childbirth for the 玫兰妮 resolutely again, and find out 瑞 virtuous break through the layer after layer bar and toll-gate, return to old house in country －－ pottery to pull. At hungry and hungry of, she suffered a mother to die of illness again,the father is stupid,the home is rob, one the poor two whiteses flog heavily shot more,She is unyielding, taking the lead to farm stem to live, shouting command a younger sister to descend a bed to take off cotton, and look after the 玫兰妮 and small wave, prop up the families' living,That time she at most also just young girl about 20 years old, originally should be an acts in pettish in mother's bosom of young girl. But face thus a huge difficulty, she has no choice elusion, but the heavy load that the braveness takes a home,With ordinary people hard 企 and of the perseverance aggro destiny, see the 斯嘉丽 raise turnip toward God to pledge often, will never wish to let the family suffer hardship again to endure hunger,I always feel clapping a slice of director to the usage of the ray and the background is so skillful with the art,It depicted the 斯嘉丽 desire to stabilize,hope earnestly to exist so and vividly,the desire is wealthy of the heart emotion of the mightiness but true. I feel that time of she, have already completed the most difficult 嬗 to change, was broken the cocoon but by an ugly caterpillar to become beautiful 蝶 , free but noble,The 斯嘉丽 of the that time is like a fairy －－－ to hope earnestly full of,combine for this desire fairy that can stop at nothing. I have to admit, to me, 《the chaotic beauty 》of attraction of so so big, cover virtuous Ba of the 瑞 that the 博 star with Clark 勒 especially absolutely relevant fasten. Certainly, the fee 雯丽眯 wears that double to be like cat so of green eye, charming and seductive, the same also lets the person dump. She is let woman all ability is its heart in torment of woman, she is selfish,cold,heartless,cleverness,stop at nothing,strong,But don't lack docile,beauty,weak;She is a high can't climb of fairy, letting many women all dream of can be like her so,Gather wealth,beautiful looks,ability,strong in whole body, make the 瑞 virtuous so of the man can be she but dump.I have ever thought so at least. But I think, the 瑞 is virtuous to give us these female audiences to bring of more is to the sweet imagination of the love and the marriage,He is so handsome, living dangerously so, so self-confident lead a person, full of was filled with the magic power of the mature man also,Should be how much the idol in the female heart. Return to a few parts that the 闪斯嘉丽 is virtuous to meet,acquaint with,love each other and 瑞 in brief here,Can make the person virtuous to瑞 to love me love, persistence from son, be rich with the male magic power impression of the character deep: Part a:The 瑞 is virtuous to see the 斯嘉丽 for the first time is at 12 be like arboretum of dancing party up.The 斯嘉丽 flirts and coquet toward all mans,But discover the 瑞 is virtuous being notice her, the 斯嘉丽 says toward the nearby female companion complaint:"He sees my appearance, be like me and don't wear clothes"It is thus clear that the 瑞 is virtuous to give the person's felling isn't gentle and cultivated, full of gentleman poise, have the classification the person to the current affairs have of the strong insight and influence,Expressed him with general southern man's differentia:Reality,courageous but full of aggression,When he hides in the living room to eavesdrop the 斯嘉丽 courageously toward 阿 a rare gift to show love,But because of encounter to turn down, she flustered and frustratedly 搧阿 the rare gift is a box on the ear, and pulverize a floret bottle, he blew a whistle,Hence he is blame by the 斯嘉丽 in order to isn't a gentleman, but his also rebuking with sarcastic remarks the 斯嘉丽 isn't a real fair lady, letting the 斯嘉丽 spirit pole. The person of a pair meet for the first time be a love to cross swords. Part two:The 斯嘉丽 dies of illness to relax by taking stroll in Atlanta because of checking the 尔斯 , is be in mourning of she, hoping earnestly very can once more fly 旋 in dance floor,Expressed her in the heart to unrestrained,the freedom live of look forward to and imagine. BE the idea that the 瑞 was virtuous to see her, and the heavy gold pried open that to suppress for her but depressed of social morals jailbird's cage,Make her walk up with another southern woman the road of the least same destiny.This is exactly the decisive one step that the 斯嘉丽 rebels old social morals standard to exceed,But this one step, if have no 瑞 virtuous secretly skillful support and arrangement, the 斯嘉丽 steps by no means. If didn't this pass 健 one step, so in the days to come that ability,want to be strong and combine to block one chaotic beauty-斯嘉丽 of the noodles only to exist by no means! Part three:The 瑞 is virtuous for the sake of the help 斯嘉丽 comeback native district, putting together to die to make a wagon, and help her to embrace the 玫兰妮 and the small wave to the wagon,Experience successively a pain all the way in the meantime, and forthcoming time will arrive, the 瑞 is virtuous to see many southern soldiers heroic fighting, seeing to die if return,Feel keenly to shake, and decide last battlefield, the in defense of home offers a dint.Can see at this time, for the sake of the beloved woman, he can be born into die; Same, face home is ruin of 境 , he is also a red-blooded person,The director just described a to embed to live dangerously outward appearance in normal times toward us here under,Also have an is sweet for honor to spread red-blooded of the south of the typical model male's image of the heart. We see here, although the 瑞 is virtuous in normal times in very smart,reality, he is inside and in fact a southern person is still. Part four:瑞 Especially Be experiencing the 丧 female's pain and the 斯嘉丽 after the spirit ascend of betray, face its dead of the 玫兰妮 , is all disappointed to disappoint to the pole to everythings,Go home to pack luggage, return an own home town, check an of 尔斯 .When the stupid 斯嘉丽 finally discovers the oneself has already loved deeply 瑞 virtuous,Just discover already end lost an oneself most lover.The 瑞 is virtuous to walk finally very simply, let the 斯嘉丽 feel keenly to regret. Until here, we just hear that have ever been the voice that the heart of[with] love but softness fall in pieces, also because of broken up but become"cold heartless" to the 斯嘉丽 ,The 瑞 here is virtuous to just let us feel, this man dares to love to dare to hate, handling an affair very simply and neat, enrich male magic power very much. 用金山全文翻译翻译的。

Part of Scarlett's enduring charm for women is her feminism, though recent critics have pointed out that many events in the novel are degrading to women. There is Rhett's ravishing of Scarlett (after which Scarlett is shown to have enjoyed herself immensely), Scarlett's apparent need of a man to be happy (whether it's Ashley Wilkes or Rhett Butler), and Melanie's sweet but submissive character (who is much adored by everyone).On the other hand, there have been many defenses for this. First of all, Melanie is not offensive to women, she is simply a more traditional character. Many believe the 'rape scene' quickly becomes consensual (this theory is backed by the novel Scarlett, although it was not written by Mitchell). And again, Scarlett is an individual character, and her need for a man should not be interpreted as universal.Scarlett is by far the most developed character in Gone with the Wind. She stands out because she is strong and saves her family but is incredibly selfish and petty at the same time. She challenges nineteenth-century society's gender roles repeatedly, running a store and two lumber mills at one point. Scarlett is in some ways the least stereotypically feminine of women (in other ways the most), and the more traditional Melanie Wilkes is in many ways her foil. But Scarlett survives the war, several marriages, the birth of children, and even a miscarriage. Melanie, on the other hand, struggles with fragile health and a shy nature. Without Melanie Wilkes, Scarlett might simply be seen as harsh and "over the top," but beside Melanie, Scarlett presents a fresher, deeper female characterization; she lives a complicated life during a difficult period of history.Some of Scarlett's lines from Gone with the Wind, like "Fiddle-dee-dee!," "Tomorrow is another day," "Great balls of fire!" and "I'll never be hungry again!", have become modern catchphrases.Similarities between Scarlett and the actress who played her (Vivien Leigh) are striking:Both had strong career ambitions, and wanted little to do with motherhood. Both swore they would never again have a child.Scarlett's father was Irish, and her mother was French. Leigh's mother was Irish and father was French.Both Scarlett and Leigh were famed for their appearance, their heart-shaped faces, their unusual eyes, and petite body proportions.Both were reputed to be "difficult" in relationships.

Character developmentScarlett O'Hara is not beautiful in a conventional sense, as indicated by Margaret Mitchell's opening line, but a charming Southern belle who grows up on the Clayton County, Georgia, plantation Tara in the years before the American Civil War. Scarlett is described as being sixteen years old at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, which would put her approximate birth date in early 1845/late 1844 [1]. She is the oldest of three daughters. Her two younger sisters are the lazy and whiny Susan Elinor ("Suellen") and the gentle and kind Caroline Irene ("Carreen"). Her mother also gave birth to three younger sons, who were all named Gerald Jr. and died as infants.Selfish, shrewd and vain, Scarlett inherits the strong will of her Irish father Gerald O'Hara, but also desires to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother Ellen Robillard, from a good and well respected Savannah, Georgia, family.Scarlett believes she's in love with Ashley Wilkes, her aristocratic neighbor, but when his engagement to his cousin, the meek and mild-mannered Melanie Hamilton, is announced, she marries Melanie's brother, Charles Hamilton, out of spite. Her new husband goes to train with Wade Hampton's Legion but dies within two months of measles, and never sees battle. The war progresses and near the end of the war the Yankee army, led by the infamous General Sherman, makes its way to Georgia. Scarlett's mother dies of typhoid fever, and her sisters are gravely ill. The Yankee army burns the family's store of cotton, steals the food and livestock, but spares the family home. Scarlett flees nearby Atlanta where she had been living with Melanie, her sister-in-law, and Melanie's aunt during the war ahead of the invading Yankee army, expecting to arrive at Tara to be cared for by her parents. Instead she finds the home and lands damaged, and the family barely surviving.In the face of hardship, the spoiled Scarlett uncharacteristically shoulders the troubles of her family and friends, and eventually the not-so-grieving widow marries her sister's beau, Frank Kennedy, in order to get funds to pay the taxes on and save her family's beloved home. Her practical nature leads to a willingness to step on anyone who doesn't have her family's best interests at heart, including her own sister. Over the course of the story Scarlett sheds all her illusions — except her "love" for Ashley. The war's upheaval of Scarlett's life and the transforming choices she makes can be seen as a metaphor for the challenges life commonly presents to women, to face or deny; Scarlett's story particularly resonated with a 1936 readership which had just gone through a similar upheaval — the Great Depression.One of the most richly developed female characters of the time on film and in literature, she repeatedly challenges the prescribed women's roles of her time. As a result, she becomes very disliked by the people of Atlanta, Georgia. Scarlett's ongoing internal conflict between her feelings for the Southern gentleman Ashley and her attraction to the sardonic, opportunistic Rhett Butler—who becomes her third husband—embodies the general position of The South in the Civil War era.

研究动态：西方女性主义是与革命相伴而行的，两次脑残星主义的浪潮推动了西方女性主义理论的发展，女性解放进程又促使女性主义超越单纯的政治行为，走向理性思考，投入与学术的结合，产生了大量的妇女学综合研究成果和多流派的女性主义理论，女性主义者将理论再投入时间，进一步深化女性主义学术与政治。因此，社会革命、理论反思、回归实践是西方女性主义的一般模式，而通过社会革命发展为独立的由女领导和为主题的女权运动、并注重理性建树是西方女性主义的特点。 本选题意义开拓了人们的视野，对以后的社会以及政治思想提供了新的认知角度。为人权的进步、妇女解放提供了有力的思想武器，对于构建和谐社会两性关系、家庭关系、社会关系具有重大的理论和实践意义。