exile论文范文

I HAVE A DREAM 我有一个梦想 如下：Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring." And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" 几年前，一位伟大的美国人，在其象征的阴影我们签署了解放宣言。这一重要的法令是一个伟大的指路明灯的希望数以百万计的黑人奴隶谁已经烙在火焰枯萎不公正。这是一个欢乐的黎明，结束漫漫长夜的囚禁。但是，百年之后，我们必须面对的悲惨事实，即黑人仍然没有自由。 一百多年后，生活的黑人仍是可悲的残废了手铐的隔离和歧视的锁链。一百多年后，黑人生活在一个孤独的岛屿贫困正处在远隔重洋的物质繁荣。 100年后的今天，黑人仍挣扎在弯道中的美国社会，并认为自己是流亡在自己的土地。 因此，我们今天来到这里，开始表现令人震惊的状况。从某种意义上讲，我们来到我们国家的首都，以现金支票。当我们共和国的缔造者的宏伟话写在宪法和独立宣言，他们签署了期票的每一个美国人是属于继承人。 这说明是一个承诺，所有的人将得到保障不可剥夺的权利，生命权，自由权和追求幸福。很显然，美国今天已经拖欠本本票，因为她的公民的颜色感到关切。不是纪念这一神圣的义务，美国的黑人提供了一个坏的人检查了回来标有“足够的资金。 ”但是，我们拒绝相信，正义是银行破产。我们拒绝认为，没有足够的资金在大拱顶的机会，这个国家。 所以，我们来兑现这张支票-支票这将给予我们的需求财富的自由和安全的正义。我们还来到这个神圣的位置，提醒美国的紧迫性，现在激烈。这是没有时间去从事豪华降温或采取安定药物的渐进。现在是时候

Vicissitudes of a country with every citizen of this country together, the future fate of the individual and the state are inseparable, so concerned about national affairs is an important manifestation of patriotic consciousness of every citizen, citizens should have the quality. We are social beings, when known social thing. High school students, especially high school students, will soon bee the builders of the state and society, concerned about national affairs, growth and success of our internal needs. Not into the world munity and the Prophet, may take up the task of nation-building for our future and lay a good foundation. We should always keep pace with the times, to maintain close contact with the munity, to improve and enhance their social adaptability. Concerned about current events, but also with our intentions to learn cultural knowledge as a whole. Leaving aside the big reason do not speak, even starting from the exam, such as liberal arts candidates, there are political events detection selection requirements; if we usually always have such awareness, concern the news bit by bit, it will not be hard to memorize dorsal feel boring, he appeared to fet and remember, remember the fotten pure examination of the negative phenomena. Baijuyi advocated "the article together is sometimes a" college entrance essay now works hard to find, most of the students repeated the arguments material used is the "exile Qu Yuan, is Fu" Lament "; Zuo Qiu Being Blind, Guoyu Being Born" "" and some old-fashioned The material, in addition to Confucius, Li Bai, the ability to turn things not seasonal, so there are thousands of people face similar sense of monotony. If we can skillfully use the events as the material used on the front view of things, the more prone to resonate with the teacher grading. This requires that we usually have enough events accumulate. Well, first of all high school students should be concerned about what events where? I think, political,

低碳生活Todays society is a highly developed technological society. However the shortings in the development process areobvious such as: carbon dioxide and environmental pollution. But the most serious should be the carbon dioxide problem. Now the problem of global warming because of excess emissions of greenhouse gases. Excessive amount of carbondioxide emissions creating a diversified economy and La Nina phenomena lag disorder. Two levels of glaciers melting polaranimals lose their chance of survival at the same time will lead to rising sea levels many coastal cities into the water did notresult in a few years later. Therefore we must take the necessary measures to reduce the environmental impact of carbon dioxide. For example: tree-planting activities reduce fossil fuel use we can from our own to promote low-carbon living.

As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, *** ysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a mon fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will e to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。

摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。

同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。

不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。

持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。

一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。

视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。

相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。

由于世界一直快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。

更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的 *** 本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。

缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。

因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。

2.heavy schoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded *** s. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了，虽然说学生的确应当念书，但是要想长大成为健全的人，他门还需要一些其它的东西，所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。

娱乐并不如某些人所想的，是在浪费时间，它可以让学生锻炼身体，发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。

此外，繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张，这对身心都有害。

我并非主张废除学校课业，但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。

3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I've done will give me some ideas on how to reanize my time. 时光一去不复返，这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。

我浪费很多时间四处游荡，以致于我的成绩开始退步。

最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为；该是痛改前非的时候了。

现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。

我已将闹钟早拨半小时，这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。

我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。

回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。

4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they plement each other. As the saying goes, ＂All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.＂ A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routin...

英语口语考试...

我在洛基英语上班，是英语专业毕业的，下面是一篇关于中印关系的文章，你看看。

China, too, can learn from IndiaWhenever you pare China and India in economic terms, India always loses because China rules in almost every department. But is it really true that China's economy is better than India's?We can see the merits of India's economy if we don't focus on GDP. China's strict family planning policy means a larger aging population and *** aller working-age population. So, in the long run India could overtake China as the manufacturing base because of its abundant labor force.Most of the industries that have made China the ＂world's factory＂ are not even Chinese. For example, although China is the largest electronics exporter in the world, it gets only 4 percent of the profit share because ＂over 90 percent of China's high-technology exports are actually by foreign - not Chinese - firms＂. On the other hand, India's domestic pharmaceutical industry supplies up to 40 percent of US drugs.Indians have embraced English as a language of business despite having their distinct languages and cultures, and The Economist says their negotiation skills are superior and more desirable on the world stage.如满意，请采纳，谢谢~

Arpu became blind when he was 18 years old. Instead of losing heart, he learnt to be independent. He did housework. He learnt to raise sheep, which he sold for money. He also established a broadcasting station, which broadcast agricultural knowledge, stories, current news, entertainment news, music and so on. As a result of his efforts, the villagers became richer and richer. Arpu is now enjoying the great changes he has brought to the village.Arpu has set a good example for all of us. If a disabled person can do so many things, then we healthy people can surely do more.60词写不完啊！

I think , Chinese people should keep on learning English. I believe that learning English is good for everyone and it isn't a waste of valuable time. As economic globalization continues to develop that the society requires not only we learn language but also need we learn many other languages.For example, English is a worldwide way of munication .It is widely used in international trade, business negotiation, international conference and so on.If you learn English your career will be more successful or get a better job opportunities. To second with, by learning English we can enlarge our mental horizons and increase our knowledge that understanding the different person, a different lifestyle. and then convenient to municate with other. Through the study of English, we can also read more all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers, and understand the news all over the world. Thirdly,as is known to all more and more foreigners are interested in Chinese literature and culture. We only learn English well to better promote China to foreign countries and promote Chinese culture that to other countries know more about China and like China. To sum up that we must improve our English level and persistent learning English. 我认为，中国人应该坚持学英语。

我认为学习英语对每个人都有好处而且他不是在浪费宝贵的时间。

随着经济全球化的不断发展， 社会不仅要求我们学好母语，同样也需要我们做到多种语言同修.例如，英语就是一项世界性的交流方式。

它被广泛地应用在国际贸易、商务谈判、国际会议等等。

如果你学好了英语你的事业将会更成功或者获得更好的工作机会。

第二，通过学习英语，我们可以扩大我们的精神境界（视野）和增加我们的知识， 了解不同的人，不同的生活.并且方便与其他人交流。

通过学习英语，我们也可以阅读更多的各式各样的书籍，杂志和报纸，了解世界各地的时事新闻。

第三，众所周知越来越多的外国人对中国文学和文化感兴趣，只有学好英语才能向国外更好的宣传中国并且弘扬中国文化让其他国家更了解喜欢中国。

综上所述，我们必须提高我们的英语水平并且坚持不懈的学习英语。

作文想得高分，一定要自己写！！！我最近在用一本新出的作文书，张国静《考研英语高分作文36法则》，它清楚讲解了每一条法则，并且把法则的亮点突出点进行重点讲解，帮助我们了解法则内容并加深记忆。

最重要的一点是它把真题范文结合法则进行讲解，教会我们如何运用这些法则、形成自己的观点，不用被模板套住，写出有自己想法的高分靓句作文，真的很可以！

中考英语作文同样是对学生进行一次思想政治教育，所以时事是英语作文与阅读热点，例如2008年中考英语作文有2道作文题：一是在汶川地震中，9岁学生林浩救了2名同学，然后步行7个小时到达安全地点。

请考生就林浩的事迹，以“LearnfromtheHero”为题，给学校英语专刊投稿。

二是要求考生写一封回信。

2篇作文都给出了提示词。

中考一直以来都是考记叙文，但2008年这篇属于“夹叙夹议”。

这提醒了今年的中考生，要注意练习写议论文，而不能只拘泥于记叙文。

在英语作文中，最容易出的错就是跑题，抓不住重点。

如有些考生知道林浩的事迹，因此将作文未给的提示，如具体地震日期“5月12日”、林浩是班长、林浩被评为见义勇为少年等信息全部写上。

这些虽不是不能写，但置提示词于不顾，非要挑战高难度，显然是本末倒置。

中考作文不是考生新句型的“练兵场”，考生要确保写作的每一句话都是正确的，没必要非尝试长难句不可。

提示词实际上已涵盖了文章的重点内容，考生只要按部就班按中文句子和提示词将句子翻译出来即可。

可惜有的考生并不领情，舍提示词不用。

此外，考生卷面尽量不要涂改，字迹要工整。

一篇看起来杂乱不堪的文章，会让评卷老师没有耐心读下去，从而影响得分。

中考英语作文另外的一个方向就是与学生生活学习相关的事，例如： 假如你叫李华，你校初三年级同学正在开展一场讨论，主题是“初三学生要不要参加体育锻炼”。

请根据下面所提供的信息，用英语总结出讨论情况。

提示： 70%的学生 30%的学生 应该每天进行体育锻炼，但不要时间过长 锻炼浪费时间、使人疲劳 锻炼能增强体质，保持健康 锻炼以后很兴奋，较长时间不能投入学习 锻炼能使大脑休息，使学习效果更好 锻炼中可能会受伤 要求：语句通顺，句意连贯；词数为80词左右；发言稿的开头已写好，但不计入总词数。

Dear clas *** ates: I'm Li Hua After the discussion we found that 70% of the students think they should take all kinds of exercise every day but not spend too much time. They think exercise builds body and can keep them healthy. Sports also let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective. On the other hand 30% students believe taking exercise is tiring and it's a waste of time. They say that after having sports they are too excited for a long time to focus on their lessons. And it's possible to be hurt while doing sports. 下面是一篇高中生的作文：社区中人们是否应该养狗，很有代表性。

Should people keep pet dogs or not in the munity?

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论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita, the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and conflict. Charlotte Haze, an American, is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert, a European. She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is, but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s background. Humbert has no such reverence for Charlotte. He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture, and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded housewife. However, he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American road. He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way around. Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together, their union is clearly not based on understanding or acceptance. Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion, which he overtly links to art, history, and culture, and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate her. Eventually, Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty, who does not bore her with high culture or grand passions.偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis, and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic, logical explanations. In the foreword to Lolita, John Ray, Jr., Ph.D., claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry, but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study, heaping the most scorn on Freudian psychology. For example, he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the sanitarium. He reports mockingly that Pratt, the headmistress of Lolita’s school, diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature, wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her stepfather. By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field, Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being, but not an insane one. Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell, closer to magic than to science. He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous, strange, and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy classification. Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry, and Lolita is, in a way, an attack on the field.以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关,但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles, and, alienated from the societies with which they are familiar, they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to apply. Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America, while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte dies. She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with Humbert. Together, they move constantly and belong to no single fixed place. The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient, belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific place. In open, unfamiliar territory, Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules, where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and corrupt. Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions are. Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity, and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a victim.Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom, their exile ultimately traps them. Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go, and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita, he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he dies. Though each of them undergoes one final exile, Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison, it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves, an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once left. Exile in Lolita.

商科论文写作通常可以遵循以下步骤：

1、定义主题

撰写商科论文的第一步是定义主题。了解论文的主要目的是什么(教育、宣传、推广)以及针对谁。这一步至关重要，因为它为整篇论文奠定了基础。

2、创建大纲

大纲在撰写商科论文时至关重要。要想论文讲得通，唯一的途径就是整合逻辑。首先创建一个简单的草图，描述论文整体的框架，包括各个部分应该写什么内容。这会防止同学在实际写作时偏离要点。

3、广泛研究

这是撰写论文时收集所有必要信息的部分。遵循之前创建的大纲，以避免浪费时间。充分利用所有可用的资源，例如：书籍、网络、采访等，只收集相关和必要的信息即可。这部分将构成论文的主体，所以同学需要获得充分的信息。

4、撰写初稿

有了详细的大纲和相关的材料支撑，这一步应该很容易。初稿很少是完美的，但通常需要耗费大量时间。有几个最重要的部分需要同学留意：

5、校对修改

千万不要直接提交初稿，因为很有可能里面全是错误。同学要消除所有的语法和结构错误。尽可能地浓缩观点，并通过修改论点来突出要点。