吉他论文范文

你再提炼一下吧The guitar is a musical instrument of the chordophone family, being a stringed instrument played by plucking, either with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number but sometimes more, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Some modern guitars are made of polycarbonate materials. Guitars are made and repaired by luthiers. There are two primary families of guitars: acoustic and electric.Acoustic guitars (and similar instruments) with hollow bodies, have been in use for over a thousand years. There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the vibration of the strings, which is amplified by the body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber. The classical guitar is often played as a solo instrument using a comprehensive fingerpicking technique. Electric guitars, introduced in the 1930s, rely on an amplifier that can electronically manipulate tone. Early amplified guitars employed a hollow body, but a solid body was found more suitable. Electric guitars have had a continuing profound influence on popular culture. Guitars are recognized as a primary instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, jazz, jota, mariachi, reggae, rock, soul, and many forms of pop.Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having "a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides".[1] The term is used to refer to a number of related instruments that were developed and used across Europe beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas.[2] These instruments are descended from ones that existed in ancient central Asia and India. For this reason guitars are distantly related to modern instruments from these regions, including the tanbur, the setar, and the sitar. The oldest known iconographic representation of an instrument displaying the essential features of a guitar is a 3,300 year old stone carving of a Hittite bard.[3]The modern word "guitar" and its predecessors applied to a wide variety of cordophones since ancient times and as such is a cause of confusion. The English word "guitar", the German "gitarre", and the French "guitare", were adopted from the Spanish word guitarra,[4] which comes from the Andalusian Arabic qitara (قيثارة),[5] itself derived from the Latin of the Roman empire, cithara, which in turn came from the earlier Greek word kithara (κιθάρα),[6] a descendant of Old Persian sihtar ( سی تار) (Tar means string in Persian).[7]The guitar is descended from the Roman cithara brought by the Romans to Hispania around 40 AD, and further adapted and developed with the arrival of the four-string oud, brought by the Moors after their conquest of Iberia in the 8th century.[8] Elsewhere in Europe, the indigenous six-string Scandinavian lut (lute), had gained in popularity in areas of Viking incursions across the continent. Often depicted in carvings c. 800 AD, the Norse hero Gunther (also known as Gunnar), played a lute with his toes as he lay dying in a snake-pit, in the legend of Siegfried.[9] By 1200 AD, the four-string "guitar" had evolved into two types: the guitarra moresca (Moorish guitar), which had a rounded back, wide fingerboard, and several soundholes—and the guitarra latina (Latin guitar), which resembled the modern guitar with one soundhole and a narrower neck.[10] In the 14th and 15th centuries the qualifiers "moresca" and "latina" were dropped and these four course instruments were simply called guitars.[11]The Spanish vihuela or (in Italian) "viola da mano", a guitar-like instrument of the 15th and 16th centuries, is often considered a major influence in the development of the modern guitar. It had six courses (usually), lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply-cut waist. It was also larger than the contemporary four course guitars. By the late 15th century some vihuelas began to be played with a bow, leading to the development of the viol. By the sixteenth century the vihuela's construction had more in common with the modern guitar, with its curved one-piece ribs, than with the viols, and more like a larger version of the contemporary four-course guitars. The vihuela enjoyed only a short period of popularity in Spain and Italy during an era dominated elsewhere in Europe by the lute; the last surviving published music for the instrument appeared in 1576. Meanwhile the five-course baroque guitar, which was documented in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, enjoyed popularity, especially in Spain, Italy and France from the late 16th century to the mid 18th century.[12][13] Confusingly, in Portugal, the word vihuela referred to the guitar, whereas guitarra meant the "Portuguese guitar", a variety of cittern.

嘿，告诉你们吧，我和姐姐也开始学吉他了！各位博友们，是不是有些不相信？呵呵，说实话，一个星期前我都没想到自己会去学吉他！当时就是觉得今后高考还有个艺术分，不如从现在抓起呢。于是，我决定去学吉他——因为吉他方便练习。现在我还真为自己的明智决定而感到高兴呢：我不仅得到了一把心爱的吉他，还上了一节吉他课，已经能弹出悦耳的基本音符了呢。别的先不说，就来谈谈我的吉他吧。它有一个小巧玲珑的“头”，也就是弦（在吉他里发音的线）的“总部”。在这里能调音、换弦；朝下是又细又长的“脖颈”，弦在这里排队；再朝下就是又大又胖的“身子”了，一个大“洞”连接着“脖颈”，上面整齐地立着六根可爱的弦。整个吉他形状是弯曲的，主色是大红，周围镶着黑色的线条，看起来酷极了。我每天早晨起来都会忍不住捧起吉他弹上几下，放学回到家时也是如此。我觉得吉他好像使我充满了活力，让我感觉到了音乐的美好。我围绕着吉他还“发明”了一样东西呢：最近因为练习吉他比较勤，右手拇指一碰到琴弦就会隐隐作痛。于是，我拿一块指甲盖大的磁卡，估摸着剪下一截脚胶布，把胶布的两头分别固定在磁卡的两端，这样胶布就形成了一个拱桥状。把大拇指伸进去固定好，再去弹琴就一点也不疼了。哈哈。吉他给我带来了欢乐，我喜欢它。我一定要努力练习，把吉他使得棒棒的！

800~1000那叫作文，不是论文=。=论文一个序+目录+鸣谢+参考目录不算正文就要这点字了^_^古典吉他，有别于现在主流的民谣吉他——古典吉他多用尼龙弦，低音弦在尼龙外用青铜或者镀银铜丝缠绕，6根弦总张力约为38kg，几乎是民谣吉他的一半，所以手感较软，可以发挥出更高的切换、弹奏速度。古典吉他的琴颈较宽，通常在48~56mm之间，常见的是48~52mm，相对于民谣吉他43~44mm的主流宽度，古典吉他在演奏时可以发挥出更细腻更复杂的指法变化。加之尼龙的音色温润、均衡，不容易出现钢弦吉他低音弦、高音弦变化的突兀感，相对民谣吉他的弹唱古典吉他更适合独奏。此文着重介绍一下古典吉他的声木：1、面板面板是吉他最重要的一个部件，古典吉他亦然。面板对吉他的基础音色影响达到8成左右，可以说音色的主线条是由面板决定的。古典吉他最顶级的面板之一是德国云杉，或者说性能接近德国云杉的其他欧洲云杉。因为德国云杉已经非常罕见了，但是好在诸如意大利、南斯拉夫、瑞士等地也出产优秀的云杉，性能非常接近德国云杉。很多人喜欢拿欧洲云杉和美国的Adirondack云杉比，其实这两种云杉都是很优秀的云杉，性能上也确实有相近的之处，但音色上是有较大差异的，而且Adirondack是钢弦吉他的“圣杯”，而欧洲云杉虽然在钢弦吉他上也表现颇佳，但它原本是古典吉他的顶级用料，在钢弦吉他上使用的较少。欧洲云杉有着良好的基础音色，低音、中频、高音三频段也非常均衡，且具备优秀的泛音输出，使其在较大、较小不同力度演奏时都能发出清晰的音质。不会像英格曼云杉那样，用力稍大就出现“破”音，也不会像stika那样，用力小了就无法“驱动”导致音色单薄。正由于欧杉具备了相对比较全面又非常均衡的音色特性，因而与尼龙线搭配相辅相成，成为德国制古典吉他的首选面板。近年来，越来越多的制琴师发现雪松其实也是非常适合古典吉他的，甚至很多吉他爱好者误以为古典吉他就应该用雪松做面板，不应该使用云杉。其实不同的声木具有的独一无二的特性，没有绝对的好与不好，只有适合不适合音乐风格以及个人好恶的区别。云杉的音色是明亮的，而雪松则是温润、成熟的，雪松不像云杉那样要经历漫长的“开声期”。云杉的古典吉他要达到雪松新琴的那种音色成熟程度，估计要长达20年的开声期，当然云杉有云杉的优势，除了个性化的音色，云杉的硬度比雪松高出将近25%，寿命很长。而雪松也有缺点，那就是音色有些“混浊”，所以没有一把吉他是全能的，自己喜欢什么样的音色，不得不割舍某个特性，这是一个古典吉他爱好者在选购爱琴之前要反复思量的。2、背侧如果说面板决定了音色的主线，那背侧就是对音色的修饰、辅助、渲染。古典吉他的背侧和民谣吉他一样，多种多样，主流的有两种：玫瑰木是民谣吉他的首选背侧，古典吉他也不外乎如是。玫瑰木有着浑厚的低音，甜美的中频，丰富多彩的高音。铿锵有力的音色渲染，可以让尼龙弦原本缺乏力量感的缺陷得以弥补，使吉他的音色输出带有了那么一点“金属味”。如果说玫瑰木是“金属味”的典范，那桃花心就是“木味”的代表。桃花心木没有强大的低音，但是三个频段均衡，且中频输出非常优异，某种角度上来说如果尼龙、欧杉都是追求均衡的，那桃花心倒是一个很好的背侧选择。只是桃花心的音色和雪松一样，略显“粗糙”。当然音色是个很感性的商品，并不是说桃花心不如玫瑰木，很多问题都是先入为主的。比如巴西玫瑰木被砍伐殆尽而全球禁运，于是人们开始采用印度玫瑰木。其实印度玫瑰木也是非常优秀的声木，但是人们对巴西玫瑰木先入为主了，就总喜欢拿两者去比，总觉得印玫不如巴玫。但是平心而论，价格相差十几倍甚至几十倍，而音色的差别仅为5~10%，而且这其中说的是差别，不是优劣，其中是否值得只能交给各位琴友自己判断了。随便帮你码了一段，开头和结尾你自己整理下吧，放心吧，刚才随意写的，你老师查不到这篇东西的^_^

论文题目：

古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践

选题的依据和意义，研究的主要问题，拟达到的目的：

选题的依据和意义：有着悠久的历史传统中国民族音乐，是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。古典吉他被誉为同钢琴、小提琴并列的世界三大乐器之一。被认为是吉他艺术的最高形式。古典吉他细腻而多变的音色，丰富的和声，对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的能诠释自如。近年来，不少国内外的吉他演奏家都为古典吉他改编过中国民族音乐，其中不少作品取得了很高的艺术成就享誉国内外，不仅为古典吉他的曲目风格拓宽了方向，也为中国民族音乐的传播起到了积极的作用。

研究的主要问题：

(一)中国民族音乐的特点和风格。

1、中国民族音乐的形态。

2、中国民族音乐的种类和特点。

(二)古典吉他的特点。

1、古典吉他的音色，和声等特点。

2、古典吉他的演奏技巧特点。

3、古典吉他不同民族曲目风格的列举。

(三)分析古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践。

1、列举古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的乐曲。

2、分别对乐曲改编前后的各种特点进行分析，对比，从而剖析古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的可行性和特点。

研究方法、研究步骤：

方法：

1、到图书馆或上网查询相关资料，并下载曲目和曲谱。

2、总结归纳与同学交流，并视奏相关曲目。

3、由论文指导老师指导并与同学讨论。

步骤：

1、收集与题目相关资料。

2、与论文指导老师交流进行论文写作的展开。

3、归纳总结研究结果，撰写论文。

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