关于桥式双梁起重机的研究论文

起重机即指在一定范围内垂直提升和水平搬运重物的多动作起重机械，其工作原理就是通过对控制系统的操纵，驱动装置将动力的能量输入，转变为机械能，在传递给取物装置。取物装置将被搬运物体与起重机联系起来，通过工作机构单独或组合运动，完成物体搬运任务。可移动金属结构将各组成部分连接成一一个整体，并承载起重机的自重和吊重。

桥式起重机是横架于车间、仓库和料场上空进行物料吊运的起重设备。由于它的两端坐落在高大的水泥柱或者金属支架上，形状似桥。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。它是使用范围最广、数量最多的一种起重机械。Bridge crane is horizontal plane in workshop, warehouse and yard over rigger materials of lifting equipment. Because of its ends located in tall cement posts or metal stents, shape like bridge. Bridge crane along the bridge on both sides laying in elevated the orbit of longitudinal operation, can make full use of the space below girder hoisting materials, does not suffer ground equipment obstacles. It is to use the widest range, the largest number of a kind of hoisting machinery. 桥式起重机是现代工业生产和起重运输中实现实现生产过程 机械化、自动化得重要工具和设备。 所以桥式起重机在室内外工矿企业、钢铁化工、铁路交通、港口码头以及物流周转等部门和场所均得到广泛的运用。Bridge crane is the modern industrial production and lifting transportation in realizing realize mechanization, automation production process to important tools and equipment. So bridge crane in interior industrial and mining enterprises, steel chemical industry, railway transportation, ports and logistics departments and establishments are widely used. 桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易梁桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机三种。 普通桥式起重机一般由起重小车、桥架运行机构、桥架金属结构组 成。起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架三部分组成。 起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器，带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。小车架是支托和安装起升机构和小车运行机构等部件的机架，通常为焊接结构。 起重机运行机构的驱动方式可分为两大类：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的“三合一”驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。 起重机运行机构一般只用四个主动和从动车轮，如果起重量很大，常用增加车轮的办法来降低轮压。当车轮超过四个时，必须采用铰接均衡车架装置，使起重机的载荷均匀地分布在各车轮上。 桥架的金属结构由主梁和端梁组成，分为单主梁桥架和双梁桥架两类。单主梁桥架由单根主梁和位于跨度两边的端梁组成，双梁桥架由两根主梁和端梁组成。 主梁与端梁刚性连接，端梁两端装有车轮，用以支承桥架在高架上运行。主梁上焊有轨道，供起重小车运行。桥架主梁的结构类型较多比较典型的有箱形结构、四桁架结构和空腹桁架结构。 箱形结构又可分为正轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形单主梁等几种。正轨箱形双梁是广泛采用的一种基本形式，主梁由上、下翼缘板和两侧的垂直腹板组成，小车钢轨布置在上翼缘板的中心线上，它的结构简单，制造方便，适于成批生产，但自重较大。 偏轨箱形双梁和偏轨箱形单主梁的截面都是由上、下翼缘板和不等厚的主副腹板组成，小车钢轨布置在主腹板上方，箱体内的短加劲板可以省去，其中偏轨箱形单主梁是由一根宽翼缘箱形主梁代替两根主梁，自重较小，但制造较复杂。 四桁架式结构由四片平面桁架组合成封闭型空间结构，在上水平桁架表面一般铺有走台板，自重轻，刚度大，但与其他结构相比，外形尺寸大，制造较复杂，疲劳强度较低，已较少生产。 空腹桁架结构类似偏轨箱形主梁，由四片钢板组成一封闭结构，除主腹板为实腹工字形梁外，其余三片钢板上按照设计要求切割成许多窗口，形成一个无斜杆的空腹桁架，在上、下水平桁架表面铺有走台板，起重机运行机构及电气设备装在桥架内部，自重较轻，整体刚度大，这在中国是较为广泛采用的一种型式。 普通桥式起重机主要采用电力驱动，一般是在司机室内操纵，也有远距离 桥式起重机控制的。起重量可达五百吨，跨度可达60米。 Bridge crane can be divided into ordinary bridge crane, simple girder crane and metallurgical special bridge crane 3 kinds. Ordinary bridge crane is general by lifting trolley and bridge operation organization, bridge metal structure group into. Lifting car again by lifting mechanism, trolley mechanism and the car frame of three parts. Lifting mechanism including motor, brakes, reducer, drum and pulleys. Driving speed reducer, electromotor through reel rotation of wire rope around the drum drum down, or from lifting weights with. Car frame is a torre and installation of hoisting mechanism and the car mechanism, etc. Parts of the frame, usually for welding structure. Crane operation organization drive mode can be divided into two kinds: one kind is concentrated drive, which is a motor driving long shaft drive on both sides of the active wheels, Another kind is respectively driven, namely on both sides of the active wheel each with a motor drives. Medium and small bridge crane is increasingly used brakes, reducer and electric generator synthetic one of three-in-one drive mode, a big weight of ordinary bridge crane for ease of installation and adjustment, device drivers often adopt universal shaft coupling. Crane operation organization generally in four active and driven wheels, if lifting weight is very big, commonly used to increase the wheel to reduce the pulley. When more than four wheels when, must use hinged equilibrium frame device to make the crane load evenly distributed in each wheel. Bridge of metal structure composed by main girder and girders, divided into the single girder frame and main double girder frame two kinds. Single main girder bridge girder and frame is located in single span on both sides of the girders composition, double girder frame girder by two root and girders composition. Girder and girders rigid connection, girders, supporting both ends with wheels in elevated bridge to run on. The main welding have orbit, for lifting car running. Bridge girder structure type more comparatively typical have box structure, four truss structure and open-web truss structure. Box structure can divide again on track box shuang liang, slant rail box shuang liang, slant rail box single girder to wait for a few kinds. Track box shuang liang is widespread adoption of a basic form the girder, consists of flange plate and bilateral vertical webs composition, car rail decorate in the center of the flange plate online, its simple structure, easy fabrication, suitable for mass production, but self-respect greatly. Partial rail box double beam and partial rail box single main section is by the upper and lower flange plate and the different thickness of the Lord vice webs composition, car rail decorate in the main webs, short circuits inside above stiffening plate can save, including partial rail box girder is composed of a single root box girder wide flange instead of two root girder, respect smaller, but manufacturing complex. Four truss structure featured by four plane truss by combined into closing in on the spatial structure, the level of general shop to have walked surface truss bedplate, light dead weight, stiffness big, but compared with other structure size, shape, manufacturing is relatively complex, fatigue strength low, has less production. Open-web truss structure similar to slant box girder by rail, four plates form a closed structure, in addition to the main webs for real abdomen i-section beam outside, the rest 3-piece plate according to the design demand cutting into many window, forming a without rods of open-web truss, in the upper and lower horizontal truss surface covered go bedplate, crane operation organization and electrical equipment installed in bridge internal, self-respect lighter, whole stiffness big in China is that more widespread adoption of a type. Ordinary bridge crane mainly adopts electric drive, it is to be in commonly driver indoor manipulation, also have long-distance bridge crane Control. Lifting weight can reach 500 tons, span of 60 meters. 简易梁桥式起重机又称梁式起重机，其结构组成与普通桥式起重机类似，起重量、跨度和工作速度均较小。桥架主梁是由工字钢或其他型钢和板钢组成的简单截面梁，用手拉葫芦或电动葫芦配上简易小车作为起重小车，小车一般在工字梁的下翼缘上运行。桥架可以沿高架上的轨道运行，也可沿悬吊在高架下面的轨道运行，这种起重机称为悬挂梁式起重机。 冶金专用桥式起重机在钢铁生产过程中可参与特定的工艺操作，其基本结构与普通桥式起重机相似，但在起重小车上还装有特殊的工作机构或装置。这种起重机的工作特点是使用频繁、条件恶劣，工作级别较高。主要有五种类型。payments and plate steel composed of simple beam, with the hand type hoists or electric hoist match on simple car as lifting car, the car is in commonly strander beam under operation on the flange. Bridge along on a high orbits, also can along the suspensory on elevated the following orbits, this kind of crane beam cranes called suspension. Metallurgy special bridge crane in steel production process can participate in particular process operation, its basic structure and ordinary bridge crane is similar, but in lifting cars also has a special working organs or device. This kind of crane characteristics of the work is used frequently, conditions and job level is higher. Basically has five types. 桥式起重机的安全检查为了保证桥式起重机的安全运行，在起重机运行期间需进行一些安全常规检查，检查项目及要点如下： （1） 起升高度限位器、行程限位开关及各联锁机构性能正 桥式起重机常，安全可靠。 （2） 各主要零部件符合安全要求：开口增大小于原尺寸的15%，扭转变形小于10%；板钩衬套磨损小于原尺寸的50%，板钩心轴磨损小于5%，无剥落、毛刺、焊补。吊钩挂架及滑轮无明显缺陷。钢丝绳表面钢丝磨损、腐蚀量小于钢丝直径的40%，断丝在一个捻距内小于总丝数的10%，无断头，无明显变细，无芯部脱出、死角扭拧、挤压变形、退火、烧损现象。钢丝绳端部连接及固定的卡子、压板、锲块连接完好，无松动，压板不少于2个，卡子数量不少于3个。卷筒无裂纹，连接、固定无松动；筒壁磨损小于原壁厚的20%；安全卷不少于2圈，卷筒与钢丝绳直径比例符合要求。平衡轮固定完好，钢丝绳应符合的要求。制动器无裂纹，无松动，无严重磨损，制动间隙两侧相等尺寸合适，有足够的制动力，制动带磨损小于原厚度的50%。 通过对桥式起重机的安全常规检查，对杜绝人身事故，减少设备事故，提高设备运转率，降低检修费用等均起到了显著作用。Bridge crane safety check to ensure the safe operation of the bridge cranes, in crane operation period to some general safety inspections and inspection items and points as follows: (1) the hoisting height peneumatied device, travel limit switches and all the interlock device performance is bridge crane Often, safe and reliable. (2) the main parts meet safety requirements: less than the original size increase openings less than 10%, 15% torsional deformation, Board hook bushing wear less than the original size, 50% of the board hook mandrels wear less than 5%, no spalling, burr, weld repairs. Hook rack and pulley without obvious flaw. Wire rope surface wire wear and corrosion is less than 40% of wire diameter, broken wires in a twined within less than the total silk from the number of 10%, no bufo, without obvious attenuate, without mandrel department of emergence, blind Angle twisting, extrusion, annealing, burning phenomenon. At the end of the wire rope connection and fixed clip next, clips, -200 block connect intact, without loosing, linking piece not less than 2, clip next amount not less than 3. S no crack, links, fixed without shake, A hollow wear less than 20% of the original wall thickness, Safety coil not less than 2 laps, drum and wire rope diameter ratio meets the requirement. Balance wheel fixed intact, the wire rope should comply with the requirements. Brake flawless, without loose, no serious wear and brake clearance sides equal size, have enough braking force, brake with less than 50% of the original thickness wear. Through the bridge crane safety routine inspection, to prevent accidents and reduce equipment accidents and improve equipment availability, reducing maintenance cost etc are plays a remarkable role.

桥式起重机 - 桥式起重机桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，起重小车沿铺设在桥架上的轨道横向运行，构成一矩形的工作范围，就可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。这种起重机广泛用在室内外仓库、厂房、码头和露天贮料场等处。桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易梁桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机3种。 普通桥式起重机 由起重小车、桥架运行机构、桥架金属结构组成。起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架3部分组成。起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。通常在额定起重量超过10吨的普通桥式起重机上装有主、副两套起升机构，副钩的额定起重量一般为主钩的15～20％。小车架是支托和安装起升机构和小车运行机构等部件的机架，通常为焊接结构。起重机运行机构的驱动方式可分为两大类：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的"三合一"驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。起重机运行机构一般只用 4个主动和从动车轮，如果起重量很大，常用增加车轮的办法来降低轮压。当车轮超过 4个时，必须采用铰接均衡车架装置，使起重机的载荷均匀地分布在各车轮上。桥架的金属结构由主梁和端梁组成，分为单主梁桥架和双梁桥架两类。单主梁桥架由单根主梁和位于跨度两边的端梁组成，双梁桥架由两根主梁和端梁组成。主梁与端梁刚性连接,端梁两端装有车轮,用以支承桥架在高架上运行。主梁上焊有轨道，供起重小车运行。桥架主梁的结构类型较多，比较典型的有箱形结构、四桁架结构和空腹桁架结构。箱形结构又可分为正轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形单主梁等几种。正轨箱形双梁是广泛采用的一种基本形式,主梁由上、下翼缘板和两侧的垂直腹板组成,小车钢轨布置在上翼缘板的中心线上，它的结构简单，制造方便,适于成批生产,但自重较大。偏轨箱形双梁和偏轨箱形单主梁的截面都是由上、下翼缘板和不等厚的主、副腹板组成，小车钢轨布置在主腹板上方，箱体内的短加劲板可以省去，其中偏轨箱形单主梁是由一根宽翼缘箱形主梁代替两根主梁,自重较小,但制造较复杂。四桁架式结构由 4片平面桁架组合成封闭型空间结构，在上水平桁架表面一般铺有走台板，自重轻，刚度大，但与其他结构相比，外形尺寸大，制造较复杂，疲劳强度较低，已较少生产。空腹桁架结构类似偏轨箱形主梁,由4片钢板组成一封闭结构,除主腹板为实腹工字形梁外,其余 3片钢板上按照设计要求切割成许多窗口，形成一个无斜杆的空腹桁架，在上、下水平桁架表面铺有走台板，起重机运行机构及电气设备装在桥架内部,自重较轻,整体刚度大，这在中国是较为广泛采用的一种型式。 普通桥式起重机主要采用电力驱动，一般是在司机室内操纵，也有远距离控制的。起重量可达500吨,跨度可达60米。 简易梁桥式起重机 又称梁式起重机，其结构组成与普通桥式起重机类似。起重量、跨度和工作速度均较小。桥架主梁是由工字钢或其他型钢和板钢组成的简单截面梁，用手拉葫芦（见手动葫芦）或电动葫芦配上简易小车作为起重小车，小车一般在工字梁的下翼缘上运行。桥架可以沿高架上的轨道运行，也可沿悬吊在高架下面的轨道运行，这种起重机称为悬挂梁式起重机 冶金专用桥式起重机 这种起重机在钢铁生产过程中可参与特定的工艺操作，基本结构与普通桥式起重机相似，但在起重小车上还装有特殊的工作机构或装置。这种起重机的工作特点是使用频繁、条件恶劣,工作级别较高。主要有5种类型。①铸造起重机：供吊运铁水注入混铁炉、炼钢炉和吊运钢水注入连续铸锭设备或钢锭模等用。主小车吊运盛桶，副小车进行翻转盛桶等辅助工作。②夹钳起重机：利用夹钳将高温钢锭垂直地吊运到深坑均热炉中，或把它取出放到运锭车上。③脱锭起重机：用以把钢锭从钢锭模中强制脱出。小车上有专门的脱锭装置，脱锭方式根据锭模的形状而定：有的脱锭起重机用顶杆压住钢锭，用大钳提起锭模；有的用大钳压住锭模，用小钳提起钢锭。④加料起重机：用以将炉料加到平炉中。主小车的立柱下端装有挑杆，用以挑动料箱并将它送入炉内。主柱可绕垂直轴回转，挑杆可上下摆动和回转。副小车用于修炉等辅助作业。⑤锻造起重机：用以与水压机配合锻造大型工件。主小车吊钩上悬挂特殊翻料器，用以支持和翻转工件；副小车用来抬起工件。Bridge crane - overhead craneBridge in an elevated bridge orbit type crane , also known as Crane. The bridge crane lay along the elevated track in the vertical sides of runs, lifting the car along the track laid on the bridge on the horizontal run, the scope of work form a rectangle, can take full advantage of the space under the lifting bridge materials, ground equipment is not hindered. The cranes are widely used in indoor and outdoor warehouses, factories, docks and outdoor storage yard, etc.. Overhead crane bridge crane can be divided into ordinary, simple beam bridge crane and Metallurgy crane 3. General bridge crane from the lifting trolley, bridge movement organization, structure and composition of metal bridge . Crab and the hoisting mechanism, trolley traveling agencies and small frame of 3 parts. Lifting bodies, including the motor, brake , reducer , drum and pulleys. Motor through reducer rotating driven rolls, or rolls around on the rope down from the roll to lift heavy objects. Usually rated capacity exceeding 10 tons overhead crane equipped with a common main and auxiliary sets of lifting mechanism, auxiliary hook from the weight of the general rating of the main hook of the 15 to 20%. Is supporting for small frame and installation of lifting the car to run institutions, agencies and chassis parts, usually welded structure. Crane Actuator can be divided into two categories: one for the collective drive, which uses a long shaft motor drive on both sides of the active wheel drive; the other for each driver, the wheels on both sides of each with a single active motor drive. In more frequent use of small overhead crane brakes, gear and motor combined into one of the "triple play" drive mode, a large bridge crane from the weight of the ordinary for the ease of installation and adjustment, drive often used universal coupling . Crane agencies generally take the initiative and driven by four wheels, if the effect is very heavy, the wheels of the approach used to reduce the increase in wheel load. When the wheels more than 4 must be balanced with articulated frame device so that the crane load evenly distributed throughout the wheel.Bridge's metal structure from the main beam and side beams, divided into single-and dual-beam bridge girder bridge types. Single-girder bridge by a single span both sides of the main beam and in the end beam of the composition, dual-beam bridge consists of two main beams and side beams formed. The main beam and side beams rigidly connected at both ends with wheels end beam for supporting the elevated bridge in the running. The main beam welded rail for lifting the car running. Girder bridge structure of many types (Figure 2), typically a box structure, the four truss truss structure and fasting. Track box structure can be divided into two-box girder, double girder side rail box, partial rail box, such as several single main beam. Double-track box beam is widely used as a basic form, the main beam by the upper and lower sides of the vertical flange and web components, arranged in the rail car on the flange of the center line, and its simple structure, the convenience, suitable for mass production, but the larger self. Partial rail box beam and the partial double-track single box girder cross-section are from the upper and lower flange plate and unequal thickness of the main and auxiliary web form, arranged in the main web of rail car above the cabinets in the short stiffened plate can save, in which one side rail box girder is a wide-flange box girder instead of two main beams, less weight, but manufacturing is more complex. Four from the four truss structure to form closed space plane truss structure, the level surface is covered with truss walkway panels, light weight, rigidity, but in comparison with other structures, size large, complex manufacturing, fatigue lower strength, has less production. Partial fasting truss structure similar to the rail box girder, steel plate by the four form a closed structure, in addition to the main web is a real belly-section beam, the other three steel plate cut into many windows in accordance with design requirements to form a non-slash fasting truss, the upper and lower horizontal surface of paved walkway truss plates, crane operation and electrical equipment installed in agencies within the bridge, lighter weight, the overall stiffness, which is more widely used in China as a type. General bridge crane using power-driven primary, usually in the driver control room, there are remote control. From the weight of up to 500 tons, spans up to 60 meters. Simple beam bridge crane, also known as beam crane, its composition and structure similar to an ordinary crane. From the weight, span and working speed are small. Bridge girder or other beam by beam and plate steel section beam consisting of a simple, hand-pulling hoist (see manual hoist ) or electric hoist as the lifting trolley car accompanied by simple, usually in the car the next joist flange on the run. Bridge can be run along the elevated track can also be elevated along the suspension in the following orbit, such as crane crane hoisting beam Metallurgy crane cranes in the steel production process that can be involved in a particular process operation, the basic structure and general overhead crane similar, but in lifting a small car is also equipped with a special working body or device. The cranes feature is the use of frequent, harsh conditions, working-level high. There are 5 types. ① Casting Crane: for lifting hot metal into the mixer, steel-making furnaces and molten steel into a continuous ingot lifting equipment or ingot molds used. Sheng barrel lifting the main car, car to flip Sheng, vice and other auxiliary barrel work. ② tongs crane: the use of clamps will be lifted vertically into the hot ingot soaking pit furnace, or to transport it out into the ingot car. ③ off ingot cranes: steel ingot from the ingot mold used in the extrusion force. Small car off the tablets have a special device, from ingot ingot mold according to the shape of way may be: some off mandrel suppress ingot ingot crane, lift with tongs ingot mold; some press and hold the ingot mold with tongs, with small clamp lift steel ingot. ④ feeding cranes: to be in charge added to the open-hearth furnace. Column with the bottom of the main car pick rod to stir up and feed it into the furnace box. The main column can turn around the vertical axis, pick the rod up and down swing and turn. Vice-car heaters and other auxiliary operations for the repair. ⑤ forging crane: used with the hydraulic press with a large forged parts. Special master car turned feeder hanging hook to support and flip the workpiece; vice car to lift the workpiece.

双梁吊钩桥式起重机的常规配置： 采用司机室操作，司机室分开式和闭式两种。各机构采用绕线式其中机电，电阻调速。本机型不推荐用于有防爆、绝缘要求的工作环境。

桥式起重机：桥式起重机是一种横架在车间或者厂房等上空的一种起重机，两侧的墙壁或者支柱上有运行的轨道，形状类似桥梁而得名。使用非常方便，不受地面障碍物的限制，提高了空间的使用率。桥式起重机的工作原理：桥式起重机水平方向由大车机构来驱动，在铺设的轨道上运行。主梁上有小车或者电动葫芦，来进行货物的起吊。桥式起重机厂家，新乡市德工机械有限公司是国内一流的桥式起重机生产厂家，拥有十几年的丰富生产经验，厂房设备先进，且有一个实力雄厚的技术部门。不断探索，提高桥式起重机的性能。