公路路面毕业论文英语翻译文献

1.1 The purpose of the research and significance of Through the interchange bridge at home and abroad access to research, Huaihai Road and the Canal Bridge, according to the present layout, topography and road cross-situation, carry out a serious investigation, analysis, comparison, selection of appropriate interchange interchange bridge; carrying out of project feasibility demonstration, and to consider the vision of two decades the volume of traffic, after comparison, to determine the optimum type of bridge. Designed to be able to interchange bridge-type solution to the intersection of traffic jams, traffic delays and eliminating conflicts Department intersection points, thereby significantly improve the traffic speed and increase the traffic capacity, and ensure traffic safety, improve traffic environment, improve society economic benefits. Therefore, the bridge design and construction of Huaian city transport development is of great significance. 1.2 generate the development of interchange 1.2.1 Interchange of produce (1) the characteristics of cross-plane Planar cross-road are two or more roads intersect in the same plane or connections, and its characteristics are mainly embodied in the following areas: There is a danger point, the traffic complexity of public existence Noodles (2) ways to improve the cross-plane 1) From time to consider: the intersection of the various traffic flow line, from the time of separation, that is, through the police or control signal. 2) Implementation of Traffic Organization: Department set up at intersections all kinds of transport facilities or through the line, the installation of traffic signs and other traffic Drainage and Traffic Organization, so that traffic flow in the plane lines各行其道, the implementation of the separation. 3) construction of the interchange: By the construction of cross-line structure, so that intersection of the main line of traffic flow in space separated from the fundamental line of separation between the traffic flow at the same time interfere with each other through the construction of the ramp to the main line of traffic flow between the line connecting , realize the conversion between the flow of traffic. 1.2.2 Interchange of produce The emergence and development of interchange has always been associated with motor vehicle traffic and the development of cities. With urbanization, development, delivery Just sub 20:22:13 Flux of the rapid development of car ownership is the rapid growth of the original traffic capacity of roads should not have been required to meet the growing traffic. At the same time, pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles and motor vehicle for Road between the phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious, the use of signal control and the plane deal with organizational measures such as traffic has been far from a fundamental solution to urban traffic problems exist. In this context interchange first came into being in the city, and quickly become the problems of urban traffic congestion problem of a medicine which is widely used. 1.2.3 the development of interchange I With the emergence of high-grade highways, trunk roads of development, and improve the speed of vehicles, there is an urgent need to improve road capacity; At the same time, to ensure road safety is also of particular significance, all of which for the rapid development of the provision of interchange the premise. Highway Interchange in 1925, appeared in Germany. After this, interchange the fastest growing, most widely is the United States. Before and after World War II, Germany also built a substantial, high grade grade separation. In addition, as the economy and the rapid development of highway transport of substantial construction, the post-war Japan has also built a lot of functionality is better, economical and practical interchange interchange, and the diversification of forms of interchange design has provided a lot of experience, Interchange at design standards and design specifications can be made from results. Up to now, countries have built a lot of interchange, and gradually formed a style different characteristics. As China's urban road and highway construction and development, the construction of interchange ascendant. In urban and high-grade highways have been built a lot of interchange. According to incomplete statistics, China's Beijing alone, the Board go zones have been completed more than 100 Interchange, some interchange regardless of size, shape or design and construction standards, greening and beautifying the areas can be termedembodied in our country interchange of the ad hoc design and innovation.

Economic stability in China's rapid growth, the highway road network imminent. Among them, the Guangdong-Jiangxi Expressway Line is planning a network of important transport corridors. The project design is the Guangdong-Jiangxi Ganzhou Expressway Taihe paragraph to a section of the construction design stage. Ⅳ 6 sections located in the district, in order to humid subtropical monsoon climate, mild climate and adequate rainfall, adequate light. Starting point for the design elevation of 263.42m; end elevation is 307.31m. Jiangxi Jiangxi is located along the shore, the entire topography is characterized by low-South High-North, the terrain for the Southern Hills Jiangxi low mountain hills, steep mountains, a great relief. In the design, the first topographic map in 1:2000 to determine the three alignment options were to graphic design, graphic programs in the program after the completion of the preliminary selection and select the two optimization programs; vertical section and then proceed to design and program re-selection, the final optimization of selected programs; further cross-sectional design, bridge and culvert installed, along the design of transport facilities, which include cross-sectional design of subgrade, pavement, drainage, and many other specific design. Pavement design is the first of three different options, and then elected to the optimal than the road program. Design idea is to ensure total safety, comfort, quickly, under the premise of the project as far as possible a small amount of low cost and operating expenses of the province, effective and conducive to the construction and maintenance, the project is not increased when, as far as possible the design of high indicators; the design of the program during the demonstration and more than the election on the basis of the selected program optimization; design attention to fit and farmland capital construction, land accounted for less as far as possible and try not to account for high-yield field; of Engineering geological and hydro-geological survey to conduct in-depth, to ascertain their impact on road works; for adverse geological sites, as far as possible try to bypass, when to travel through time, choose a suitable location, across the narrow scope of the project and take the necessary facilities; pay attention to environmental protection , in line with local conditions.

The Argument on the Ancient Mattess detritus technical and applicationAbstract:In this paper, the application of detritus technical in ancient mattess was mainly introduced.it is basically argue the element and characteristic of detritus and argue what we shoud notice when we construct ,which provide the referrence for the widely generalized of this technical in china.Keywords:detritus technical,ancient mattess,construct

毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求：

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。

译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。

主要标准

翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。

忠实

是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。

通顺

是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。

世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、F.W.纽曼、J.B.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、Fr.R.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。