关于教育的翻译论文开题报告

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日

汉语国际教育论文开题报告

选题名称：汉英方位认知异同及其对汉语国际教育的影响与应用

一.选题依据

1、本选题的研究意义

尽管方位的表达在汉语的学习和研究中已是个老话题,但在英汉双方对方位的认知异同研究，以及根据期异同特点在汉语国际教育中导入方位文化的教学恐怕是近些年来仍在不断探索的事情，学习探究方位表达中的文化蕴含对于正确理解和掌握汉语及汉语文化势必会起到积极的作用。本文将探求英汉不同的方位认知在对英的汉语教学中的影响以及作用。

2、国内外研究现状(文献综述)

方位认知在汉语表达中是个古老的话题，国内外研究的学者不少。有很多从各种方面分析汉英方位认知的研究，空间方位给出的是物体的空间位置。物体的存在不是孤立的，而是跟别的事物存在着一定联系。物体所处的位置就取决于这种相互的关系，范文内容地图也就是说，位置的认定总是以别的事物作为参照的。观察点、视角等，也会影响到物体位置的确定。在认知语言学“物像—背衬”意象图式里，位置待确定的物体叫物像，用作位置参照的事物叫背衬，加上影响视角的视点，共同构成影响物体空间位置的因素。空间方位是人类最直接的体验方式。不同民族由于不同的风土人情和思维方式,对空间方位认知模式既存在共性又存在差异,这必然会反映在各自的语言中。汉语空间方位词是指汉语中专门用来表示物体空间方位和位置的一类词语。在自然语言中,用方位词描述物体的位置并不能简单地通过词语本身的语法符号来作为唯一的确定因素,空间方位词的语义是依赖于语境的。国内的'研究大部分都是从文化和认知角度来分析汉英方位认知的异同，而对于其在汉语国际教育的过程中产生的影响和作用分析较少涉及。

二.选题材料收集

⑴李宗利刘效群从“东南西北”方位词看中西文化的差异《徐州建筑职业技术学院学报》2005年第4期

⑵王琳唐霞“东”“西”的文化涵义探析及其英译：《重庆教育学院学报》2011年第2期

⑶吴新华赵雄英汉方位词所表达的尊与卑[J].四川外语学院学报,2001(6):.

⑷王小凤曹志希.范文写作“东”、“南”、“西”、“北”的文化蕴涵及其英译[J].中国翻译,2006,(5):82-84.

⑸裔文军地域因素对英汉词汇的影响《山西大同大学学报：社会科学版》2007年第2期

⑹才雅南.方位词"东、西、南、北"的汉英比较研究[J].牡丹江教育学院学报,2004,(5):24-26.

⑺何瑶.汉英方位词的文化蕴涵[J].江西社会科学,2003,(4):.

⑻才雅南论英语教学中“方位词”的文化输入：《黑龙江高教研究》2006年3期

⑼张雪珠汉英中“东西南北”的文化蕴涵比较《湖南科技学院学报》2005年9期

⑽杨琳.汉语词汇与华夏文化[M].语文出版社,1996..

⑾胡文仲英美文化词典[M].外语教学与研究出版社,1995.210.

⑿熊荣敏;英汉空间参照框架及其认知作用[D];西南大学;2006年

⒀方经民;汉语空间方位参照的认知结构[J];世界汉语教学;1999年04期

⒁方经民;论汉语空间区域范畴的性质和类型[J];世界汉语教学;2002年03期

⒂方经民;现代汉语方位成分的分化和语法化[J];世界汉语教学;2004年02期

⒃崔希亮;空间关系的类型学研究[J];汉语学习;2002年01期

⒄张璐从东西南北谈汉英语语序所反映的认知过程《语言研究》2002年04期

⒅吴忠岫汉英方位词“东”、“西”文化内涵综述[J];科技信息(科学教研);2008年16期

⒆张美云试析汉语“东西南北”方位词的文化内涵及其所反映的认知规律[J]山花;2009年08期

⒇张清常方位和方向在中华民族语言中的一个小小问题——兼答《〈北京街巷名称中的14个方位词〉补正》[J];TOP100范文排行中国语文;1997年02期

(21)陆俭明同类词连用规则刍议——从方位词“东、南、西、北”两两组合规则谈起[A];第四届国际汉语教学讨论会论文选[C];1993年

(22)张德鑫方位词的文化考察[A];第五届国际汉语教学讨论会论文选[C];1996年

(23)马鹏举、郑敏现代汉语方位词的定义、类型和范围现代语文(语言研究版)2008年02期

(24)吴佳娣方位词研究综述《牡丹江师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008年01期

(25)陈瑶方位词研究五十年《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2003年02期

(26)韩陈其、立红汉语四方方位词的成词理据《南通师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003年04期

(27)杨艳群中西方位词的文化差异及翻译文史博览(理论)2010年第08期

(28)厉晓玲英汉方位词的认知对比《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文

说明：包括参考文献。本页如容量不够，可以另附页。

三.研究写作设想

第一章绪论

第一节研究背景和选题意义

一、研究背景

二、选题意义

三、研究目的和方法

第二章汉英方位认知异同

一、汉民族方位认知考

二、英格兰方位认知考

第三章方位认知在汉语国际教育中的作用与影响

第四章总结

说明：包括主要内容、热门思想汇报预期成果等。

四.本选题创新之处

说明研究内容、拟采用的研究方法、技术路线或预期成果中有哪些创新之处。

从方位认知的不同入手，不仅有利于我们更清楚地认识到英汉文化之间的差异，和其形成差异的原因，更有利于我们的汉语国际教师更好的开展汉语教学活动，更有利于汉语在世界范围的传播。

五.研究写作进度安排

理论研究：应包括文献调研，理论推导，数值计算，理论分析，撰写论文等;

应用研究：应包括文献调研，理论分析，实验设计，仪器设备的研制和调试，实验操作，实验数据的分析处理，撰写论文等。

1.第一阶段

时间：20XX年1月1日—20XX年6月30日

内容：文献资料收集、分析和完成开题报告

2.第二阶段

时间：20XX年7月15日—20XX年10月31日

内容：完成论文初稿

3.第三阶段

时间：20XX年11月1日—20XX年4月15日

内容：论文修改定稿

4.第四阶段

时间：20XX年4月16日—20XX年4月30日

内容：打印上缴论文

5、第五阶段

时间：20XX年5月1日—20XX年5月31日

内容：参加答辩