英语论文写作框架

论文框架由以下几部分组成：

1、介绍

简要地总结论文主题，说明为什么这个主题有价值，也许还可以概述一下你的主要结果。

2、背景信息(可选)

简短地介绍背景信息是必要的，特别是当你的论文涉及两个或多个传统领域时。

3、新技术回顾

这部分回顾了与论文相关的研究现状。

4、研究问题或问题陈述

工程论文倾向于提到一个需要解决的“问题”，而其他学科则是用一个需要回答的“问题”来表述。在这两种情况下，有三个主要部分：

5、描述你如何解决问题或回答问题

论文的这一部分形式更加自由，可以有一个或几个部分和子部分。

6、结论

结论部分通常涵盖三件事，并且每一件事都应该有一个单独的小节：

7、参考文献

参考文献的列表与第3部分中给出的技术现状综述紧密相关。所有的参考文献都必须在论正文中提及。参考书目可能包括论文中没有直接引用的作品。

8、附录

一般来说，太过具体的材料不适合在论文主体中出现，但可供考官仔细阅读，以充分说服他们。

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

英语作文模板：议论文的框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic

varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude

as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.

Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no

doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一

或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more

_______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. G英语作文模板：说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个

角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

1． 说明事物现状

2． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

3． 你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.

Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------（A的优点之二）.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of

the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the

negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we

should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.

Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．

英语写作是一种创作性的学习过程。启动知识信息储存，构思立意，谋篇布局，遣词造句，对语言表达的正确性和准确性、思维的逻辑性和文章的条理性都比口语要求更高。

高考英语写作有以下几个特点：紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求;以有指导的写作为主，便于考生在短时间内构思成文;突出试题的交际性，考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力;增强试题的实用性，所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉;看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。

英语写作注意两点

一、先审题，弄清写作要求审题是写好作文的前提，也是书面表达的基础。如果写偏了题，语言表达再好也很难得高分。审题时要注意两个方面：

1.认真地看两遍题目，包括提示，全面了解写作要求。

2.理清思路，确定体裁、框架结构和内容。

二、用英语进行思维英语写作时必须排除汉语思维的干扰。从现在起应逐渐加大阅读量和听的输入量，将阅读、听力训练与书面表达有机地结合起来。经常体会和领悟作者传递信息和表达思想的方式。在话题讨论和写作中经常运用所学到的表达方式就会有所创造。还要尽量做到“五多”：多看、多听、多思考、多用心体验和感悟身边的人和事、多用英语说和写自己的体验和感受。

最后一个月如何训练英语写作

1.重视增加阅读量是提高英语写作的途径之一。

目前，考生在进行大量阅读的同时，应注重所读材料的文章结构以及连接词的运用(ontheotherhand,however,furthermore)、作者的表达方式(词汇、习惯用语和典型句子的使用)、作者是如何进行叙述和议论的。

2.在教师的指导下，平时应勤写多练。

练习写作应从基本功抓起。在中译英翻译训练过程中，加强积累适量的词汇、词组和增加各种类型句子的运用。把握好各种句型和词汇的搭配，并从各类题材和体裁着手，多阅读好的范文。然后模仿写作，作文写好之后，一般都要修改。第一遍收笔后，先看一看结构，然后从字词上推敲，使文章“充实”起来。更重要的是经老师修改过的作文一定要仔细地看一至两遍，然后再认真地抄写一遍，收获将会很大。

英文写作“四步走”

由于时间限制，高考时一般在15分钟左右必须完成英语作文。高考的英语作文步骤如下：

1)作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上、运用材料上、篇章结构上，充分酝酿。

2)考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。

3)边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。

4)写完后一定要再细看一遍。

主要体裁作文写作技巧

(一)写提示议论文应考虑的几点：1.文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法。

1.会使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supportingsentences)。

2.归纳总结，首尾呼应。

(二)看图作文应考虑的几点：1.看懂图片，把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来，使之成为内容连贯的句子。

1.确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。

2.确定体裁(说明文还是记叙文)，接着用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。

3.根据图片或图表大意议论。

广东卷

第一节 基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)

你很荣幸地成为2008北京奥运会的一名志愿者，负责编写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。

写作内容

请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍：

背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。

1896：第一次成为奥运项目

1904：中断

1928：中断

1932：重回奥运会

1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛

现状：稳步发展，1896奥运会只有三项射击项目，现今有17项。

写作要求

只能使用5个句子表达全部内容

评分标准

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

第二节 读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I needed to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.

Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it---good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students' Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.

One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that way… it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.

写作内容

学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的"大学校园生活"讨论。听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是"Preparing Myself for College Life"，内容要点包括：

1、以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点;

2、然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：

(1)对中学生活的感受;

(2)理想的大学生活;

(3)中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。

写作要求

1、在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

评分标准

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

考研英语 看图作文范例点评：本分变“承诺”

看图作文在英语作文中是大家普遍缺乏练习的一种类型，一个提高的方式就是看范例和点评，针对其中的错误进行自我修正。

本分变承诺：

写作原文

AS Is(注意大小写) shown above, a funny hen claimed that her eggs with(that后面应该跟的是从句，从句中应包含谓语动词，建议将with改为have) no edge and the like which is the most fundamntional(拼写错误，改为fundamental).(作者这句话是要表达什么内容?)Simple as the drawing is, the symbolic meaning behind ti(改为it) is as deep as ocean(注意句末标点)Honesty is not only necessary, but also indepensible(拼写错误，改为indispensable).As the old Chinese proverb says:"Honesty is gold." However,in no country other than China, it has been said that, the problum(拼写错误，改为problem) of opposite the pormise(拼写错误，改为promise) more serious(句子逻辑关系不明确，改为the opposite of the original promise is more serious),and people fail to attach attention to the "gold". Inpiduals and organizations can make money, take porfits(拼写错误，改为profits) and even obtain wealth by attend promise.To be honest can also have added (改为add) benefit of increasing one's knowledge, giving us a new perspective of outside world. According to a survey conducted by China Acadmy(拼写错误，改为Academy)of Science(CAS),honesty can relieve not only pressure but also anxiety and such problums(拼写错误，改为problems)as depression, stress, isolation and solitude(注意句末标点)All in all,obtain(改为obtaining，一句话中只能有一个谓语动词)the promise plays a key role in our daily life.The unhonest(改为dishonest，表示“不诚实的”，没有unhonest一词), in view of the complexity of such issue,we must treat it socially,economically and culturally.with(首字母大写) a proper law, an up-to-date solution, a right perspective and alert public,it will be a matter of time before the problum(拼写错误，改为problem) becomes things of the past.(最后一段缺乏逻辑关系，建议重写)

总体点评

作文能够按照写作要求来写，写作格式基本符合要求。但是文中的问题较多，比如：单词的拼写问题、语法问题、句子的逻辑关系问题等。希望作者在后面的复习中，先不要急于写文章，从基本的入手，先积累词汇、学习基本语法、积累并模仿高分语言佳句;将重点放在语句模仿上，有空多读外文期刊，了解英语的地道表达，从而不断提高自己的写作水平。建议作者将每周的时间做一个合理的规划，一周练习一篇作文即可，在练习这篇作文时，可先积累此方面的词汇，之后两天可查找有关方面的经典表达及例文，然后再模仿佳句，等这些都做到位时，再组织文章。

参考分数(满分20分)：11

英语写作水平的提升需要不断地练习，在改正错误中不断取得进步，不怕犯错误，怕明知道犯错误却不面对。看了范文和点评，希望大家有思考，有提高。

开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…

衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But it's a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

举例句型

1.Let's take...to illustrate this.2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。