海德中学的办学宗旨是:如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话,学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫·高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市,每年的学费高达8万美元,因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。“我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校,”马尔科姆·高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子,毕业于海德中学,现任海德中学校长。“我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责,办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。”现在,乔·高尔德(约瑟夫·高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。但几个月后,该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。今年秋天,海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训,以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。去年秋天,在家长的一片抗议声中,海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。就像在缅因州那样,求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上,11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论,依照1-10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。“我得10分。”“我有意见。你既没做语法作业,也没做拼写练习。”“那好,就7分吧。”“你只能得6分。”“等等,我可是全力以赴的。”“是的,可你今天没提问。”在解释自己的教育方法时,乔·高尔德指出,对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说“无论怎样改革”,用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。 海德中学认为“每一个人都有自己的独特潜能”,这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似,包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育,还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中,学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市,97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。在海德中学的综合教育中,父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取,家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组),每年去区域休养所三天,每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中,缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆·高尔德都说,当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时,他们也会竭尽全力。他们说,对许多家长而言,最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多,因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中,有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺,当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说,一旦问题得到解决,海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为,一旦家长们投入到计划当中,他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样,这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说,教师也能从中受益。“在这里,我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系,然后是师生共同探讨学业。而在传统的中学里,是先考虑教师和教材的关系,然后再考虑师生关系。” 师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。19岁的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月将从巴思校区毕业,并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。几年前,他还觉得自己的前途“是在监狱,而不是在大学”。 迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。“我来这儿时,见人就侮辱,就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说:‘滚出去!我们这儿不要你。’我来到这儿,他们却说:‘我们有几分喜欢这种活力,但并不喜欢它消极的一面,我们要将它转化成积极的东西。’”以国家为背景探讨解决问题或做出决策的方式就意味着研究许多复杂的文化因素。它意味着设法评估这些因素对现代生活的影响,也意味着把握目前正在发生的变化。在日本,最重要的是你为什么单位工作。在对取向或决策过程进行分析时,这一点尤为重要。至少,它说明了美国工作流动性大而相比而言日本工作稳定性高的原因。尽管我们在许多方面存在差异,但这些差异并无优劣之分。一种特定的管理行为模式是由多个独特的文化因素复合发展而成的──因而仅在一定的文化中起作用。让我来描述一下三四种日本文化的特征,它们以某种方式影响着决策以及解决问题的方式。这些特征是相互联系的。
每本书后都备有光碟,你直接把碟子放一遍,答案就出来了
译文如下:在我还未成年时,如果有人看到我和父亲在一块儿,我就会觉得难堪。他腿瘸得很厉害,个子又矮。我们一起走路时,他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡,人们就会盯着看。对于这种讨厌的注视,我打心眼里感到别扭。即使父亲注意到这些或感到不安,他也从不表露出来。我们的步伐难以协调一致——他常常停下脚步,而我的步子却显得不耐烦。正因为如此,我们一路很少说话。但每次出门时,他总说:“你按你的步速走,我跟着你。”我们通常就在地铁口和家门口之间来回,那是他上班的路线。他生病或天气恶劣时也坚持上班,几乎从不缺勤。他总是准点到办公室,即使别人做不到。这是件可以引以为荣的事。当路上覆盖冰雪时,即使有人搀扶,他也难以行走。这种时候,我或者我的姐妹们就用一辆带有钢轮的儿童推车拉着他穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道到地铁站口。一到那儿,他就紧抓着地铁口的扶手一直往下走,因为地铁内比较暖和,下面几级台阶没有冰雪。曼哈顿的地铁站直通他们办公楼的地下室,他不用出站(就可到办公室)。下班回家时,我们会去布鲁克林的地铁站口接他。现在回想起来,我不禁惊叹:像他那样一个成年人,得有多大的勇气才能承受这样的屈辱和压力,而当时他却显得毫无痛苦,也没怨言。他从不说自己可怜,也从不表现出对那些比他幸运或健康的人的羡慕。他从别人那儿寻找的是一颗“好心”。一旦找到了,那人在他心目中就是个大好人。现在我长大了,我相信这是判断一个人的标准。虽然我还没有确切理解什么是“好心”,但我知道自己有时候并没有这么一颗“好心”。虽说很多活动父亲都不能参加,但他还是试着以某种方式来参与。当地一个棒球队缺少一个经理时,是他使球队正常运转。他是一个见多识广的棒球迷,常常带我到埃贝茨球场,观看布鲁克林道奇队的比赛。他喜欢参加各种舞会和聚会,虽然在那儿他只能坐着观看,却也能享受一番乐趣。记得在一次沙滩聚会上,进行了一场殴斗,人人挥拳上阵,相互推撞。他不满足只是坐着观看,然而在松软的沙地上如果没人帮助,他又站不起来。于是在极度无助的情况下,他高声喊道:“谁坐下来和我对打! 谁愿意坐下来和我对打! ”没有人坐下来和他对打。第二天,人们和他开玩笑,说是第一次听到拳击手在开打之前,就有人要求他倒地服输。如今我知道他是通过我,他唯一的儿子,间接地参与了一些事情。我打球时(球技很糟),他也“打”;后来我加入海军,他也“加入”了。我休假回家时,他一定要让我去参观他的办公室。在介绍我时,虽然没有说出口,但他实际上在说:“这是我儿子,但也是我。如果我没瘸,我也会和他一样。”如今父亲已去世多年,但我时常想起他。不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时,我不愿意被人看到。若他确实注意到了,那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他,我是多么不孝,我有多么后悔。现在,每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候,每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候,每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候,我就会想起他。每逢此时,我就设想自己将手搭在他的臂上,重新找回自己的平衡,我会说:“你按你的步速走,我跟着你。”原文如下:When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my He was severely crippled and very short, and when we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let It was difficult to coordinate our steps — his halting, mine impatient — and because of that, we didn't say much as we went But as we started out, he always said, "You set the I will try to adjust to "Our usual walk was to or from the subway on which he traveled to He went to work sick, and despite nasty He almost never missed a day, and would make to the office even if others could A matter of When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, NY, on a child's wagon with steel runners to the subway Once there, he would cling to the hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and And at how he did it—without bitterness or He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know precisely what a "good heart" But I know the times I don't have one Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft In frustration he began to shout, "I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me!"Nobody But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight I now know he participated in some things through me, his only When I played ball (poorly), he "played" When I joined the Navy, he "joined" And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his Introducing me, he was really saying, "This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been " Those words were never said He has been gone many years now, but I think of him I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good "At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the I will try to adjust to "
课文翻译:UNIT3 TEST A 互联网时代的大学生活 大学校园长久以来都是学术之地,也是新技术的前沿。现在随着手提电脑和智能手机的大量出现,加上每天24小时不间断的网络连接,大学校园正在转而进入电子设备的新时代。 在典型的现代校园里,每幢建筑和大部分室外公共区域都提供无线互联网接入, 学生可以把手提电脑带到任何地方。 课堂上,她用手提电脑记笔记,有时如果教授的课一点都没意思,她就会给朋友发送即时信息或电子邮件。 在寝室,她甚至会给近在咫尺的室友发送即时信息。 她离不开智能手机,甚至对住在楼上的朋友也要发短信;在从上一堂课去下一堂课的路上她也要用智能手机听音乐。 欢迎来体验21世纪的大学生活:通过源源不断的信息流,学生之间、师生之间以及学生和课堂作业之间建立了电子化的联系,一天24小时,一周7天,从不间断。在许多学校,无线互联网连接覆盖了校园的各个角落,大学整体上也因此成为世界上互联网最普及的地方。 学生们说他们非常看重动动手指就可获得无限的网上信息,还可以在凌晨两点给教授发电子邮件,并能在第二天早上收到教授的回复。 一位工程专业的学生说:“我觉得无论在课内还是在课外,我都拥有一种交流手段。” 很多学生不仅使用智能手机自创语体发短信,而且也用智能手机来做更正经的工作,比如练习外语、分析戏剧课的脚本等。 在一所大学的有关美国广播电台历史的课上,学生们用智能手机录下他们自己的广播节目。 教授这门课的教师说:“这提高了学生学习这门课的兴奋感。” 学校也鼓励教授录下授课内容并发布到网上。 一位一流大学的主管说:“我们意识到,像这样一种能够引起学生关注、并促使他们深入思考的工具也许大有潜力。” 对于大多数本科生来说,永不间断的互联网是大学生活的动力。 网络工具不只是玩具,而且是储存和管理几乎各种信息的强大工具。 随着世界上越来越多的人使用这些工具,它们已经变得不可或缺。 所以,学生应该运用互联网所创造的奇迹来完成作业、复习讲座提纲、参与课堂讨论、与朋友们进行网上社交。 但是在做这些的同时,学生们必须记住,要控制和平衡好时间。 上网时间过长就意味着在现实生活中学习、锻炼或和朋友叙谈的时间过少。 学生们不应该让电脑屏幕上的互联网世界使他们脱离外面的现实世界。 大学在20世纪90年代中期迎来互联网,那时许多大学开始给学生寝室接入高速网络。 在过去的几年中,学校率先把校园变成了被无线网络覆盖的世界。 事实上,美国最近的一项研究发现,信息技术的投入占高校预算的5%-8%,比20世纪80年代中期约2%-3%的投入有所增加。 有一所大学里,学生用无线网络发送即时信息、复习家庭作业以及查看银行账户余额。 而就在沿公路往前九英里处,另一所大学一直有种技术不如别人的自卑感。为了弥补这一点,该大学花了数万美元给每一名入学新生免费赠送了一台苹果iPad。 有些大学甚至要求所有学生拥有或租用一台手提电脑。 有人说注重技术可以使学生作好准备面对被网络连接的世界。 一位大学校长指出:“你必须与世界保持同步,学生们期望通过高带宽获取信息。如果你不能提供,你就会在竞争中处于劣势。” 其他大学正努力从同行当中脱颖而出。 大学之间用最现代的网络和最热门的系统来吸引学生的竞争已经达到狂热的地步。 一些商科专业的学生可以领到免费的便携式电脑。 在永久在线模式下,他们可以根据需要随时随地获取信息。 一所大学甚至为新生配备了智能手机,以丰富其大学经历,为他们在一个日新月异的世界上取得成功作好准备。 大学还为那些不喜欢随身携带手提电脑的学生提供了若干个机房。 而且,许多大学为那些熬夜学习的学生开设了24小时电脑维修店,电脑第二天就可以修好,而且在电脑送修期间,学生可以使用维修点提供的代用电脑。 在过去10年里,世界各地的大学都在更换其计算机系统,主要是为了给学生提供最先进的免费系统。 随时随地的网络连接使教育深受裨益。 随着计算机技术的广泛应用,我们将培养出善于解决问题和善于思考的一代人,这对于世界的未来是至关重要的。 TESTB过犹不及——真正的成瘾 现代世界经历的最大变化也许就是互联网的崛起。 我们难以否认网络给人们的生活带来的种种便利。通过网络,人们能够迅速地查到诸如地图、新闻和网上商店等,网络使生活变得简单。 作为研究工具,互联网是无与伦比的。 它是我们与朋友保持联系的极好的途径。它给我们提供多样的媒体渠道以及各种各样的新闻来源。 有条件上网以及有能力充分利用网络是现代社会取得成功的必要条件。 然而,像任何技术一样,随着我们开始依赖网络,网络的负面因素就显现出来。 正如伴随着汽车的便利而来的是污染和交通堵塞一样,互联网的大行其道导致了一种新的社会流行病,那就是网瘾。 看看下面的报道。 几年前,美国一对夫妇被指控疏于照顾孩子。正是因为他们迷恋网络游戏而疏于对两个幼儿的照顾。 最近还有个关于一位男子的新闻报道,他因为上网时间过长,导致睡眠不足而丢掉了工作。 最终,他连房子都没了,但他保留了手提电脑,仍然整日上网。 学生们也受到影响。 有很多报道是关于一些优秀的学生由于成绩差而失去奖学金,还有的学生因此而无法毕业,这全是因为他们上网时间过长所致。 有一个学生不仅没有毕业,而且体重减了12磅。 他过于沉迷网络,结果连饭都忘了吃! 想一想,这是多么令人痛心啊!这些事情发生在这些人身上,不是因为他们懒惰或愚蠢,而是因为他们上网成瘾。 新入学的大学生,甚至是那些最聪明、最成功的大学生,受此影响的风险最大,因为互联网对他们的学业很重要,也因为他们刚刚进入一个新环境,他们的上网习惯不再受到关心他们的父母的监督。 没有家人的监督和约束,学生们只能自己管理上网时间。 在第一学期,他们可能成绩骤降、健康受损、友谊中断。 那些不受网络巨大吸引力影响的人,也就是那些可以轻松控制上网时间的人,容易把网瘾问题看作是假想的问题,或者把网瘾的根源归咎于软弱的性格。 但是,网瘾的背后有其脑部化学病理,这不是想象出来的。 许多常见的网络互动,如在网络游戏中得分﹑接收电子邮件或即时信息、寻找新的博客日志,所有这些都会引发大脑中内啡肽的释放。 内啡肽是大脑中与成功和快乐这些正面情绪相关的重要化学物质。 鉴于网络互动经常包含成功应对挑战或进行社会交往,因此网络互动能引起内啡肽的释放也就不足为奇了。 对于这些现实生活中的活动,我们的大脑一直在给予我们奖励。 互联网的问题在于,它可以造成过于长期的、非自然的内啡肽释放,也就是来自大脑的持续不断的奖励,就像点击鼠标一样快速。 这些奖励不是真实的、有用的、现实的奖励,它们只是引发大脑中正面反馈的简单刺激。 在现实生活中,内啡肽促使我们和朋友、家人交往或者尝试学习新东西。 而一旦上网成瘾,内啡肽只会使人更加迷恋电脑。 有网瘾的人的行为就好像那些在拉斯维加斯的赌徒们不断拉动赌博机的操作杆,虽然这样做不理智、妨害他们的学业或损害他们的健康和生活。 所以,要留意你在网上花了多少时间。节制是对抗网瘾的最好的防御方式。 利用网络创造的奇迹来充实你的学业、与远方的朋友保持联系、探索多样的新世界。 只是要小心。 留意一下,看自己不上网时是否还惦记着网络,或者你是否更愿意上网而不愿意与现实生活中的朋友在一起,或者你是否对上网时间进行掩饰和撒谎。 如果你发现自己符合以上任何一种情况,那就要停下来想想了。 去寻找其他享受生活的方式。 做些运动,运动是内啡肽的重要来源! 参观博物馆或去逛逛美丽的公园。 和朋友们一起学习或安排娱乐时间来放松一下。互联网是一个强大的工具,但是要确保能明智地利用它,来获得它所能带来的一切好处,确保不会因过度使用而使它变成害人的东西。参考资料_shtml:360个人图书馆
Unit The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite They were accused by authorities of threatening the state Unit If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful I never had formal training, I just learned as I went As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all hermoney was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of Unit Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on Their car broke down halfway for no As a result they arrived three hours later than they The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business Unit Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in moreareas and seek further development through joint Unit This little man is not so innocent as he There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructivesuggestions" His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his petsand the After all, money is not The richest people are not necessarily the Unit Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it? We've given up on him because he is so It is pointless to argue with He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed amongmembers of the group on Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with Unit In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more thanan attractive option; it was a Their research findings were nothing less than a As a result of their findings, new light hasbeen shed on the history of human In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to doabout