工程造价学术论文英文

一看就是毕业论文~！！！！Engineering cost management Project cost control emphasis should be transferred to the project construction early days, is transferred to the project decision and design Project cost control in construction projects throughout the entire process, the key lies in the pre construction investment decision-making with design phase, whereas in the investment decision is made, the key lies in According to expert analysis: architectural design, in the preliminary design stage, design stage, construction design stage to the engineering effect were 75% ~ 95%, 35% ~ 75%, 5% ~ 35%; while in the construction phase, through the optimization of construction organization design, construction cost saving the possibility of only 5% to 10% We should put the focus shifted to the design stage, in order to get twice the result with half the Pay attention to the technical and economic optimization The combination of technology with economy is most effective way to control engineering China engineering fields for a long time did not do The lack of technical personnel economy idea, design thought is conservative, the design of the outcome of the economy are not fully Therefore, we should solve the problem is to improve economic efficiency as the goal, in the construction process, organization, technology and economy organic ground union Through the economic analysis, comparative study and effect evaluation, correct processing of advanced technology and reasonable in economy between the relation of unity of opposites, strive to advanced technology under the conditions of economic rational, reasonable in economy based on advanced Carry out "limitation is designed" To be consciously put the application of value engineering to the specific design, actively promote quota design in engineering design contract, by way of This has been proven in practice is an effective way, it is not only an economic problem, more precisely a technical and economic This "limitation is designed" to effectively control the project In order to make the "limitation is designed" to achieve the desired objectives, should be involved in the design personnel must be experienced skilled economic Their design results must be practical, advanced and reasonable Control of engineering cost on the other hand is the need for comparison, because the outcome is a process of gradual improvement, and not to decide, so the comparison is a measure of its practical, advanced and economical Do good project cost control in the ( 1) compilation of economic and feasible construction Before construction, construction enterprises should be combined with the construction drawings and the actual situation at the scene, their mechanical equipment, construction experience, the management level and technical specification acceptance criteria, a set of practical and feasible construction The construction scheme is engineering implementation of the programme of ( 2) to technical personnel, materials, machinery and personnel staff communication and In the process of construction, construction technology, materials and mechanical personnel should cooperate closely, understand each other, to management as the core, to reduce costs for the purpose ( 3) to the project completion Strict supervision Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize Strict supervision Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize To establish and perfect the independent project cost advisory body, cultivate a Zhi De have both engineering To establish a real sense of independent engineering cost consulting Through improving the laws and regulations, normative behavior, separate government functions from enterprise management, the establishment of independent business partnership, share-holding system, the limited responsibility system and other forms of organization, an industry-based, diversified services integrated project consulting company, build and development and reform the engineering cost intermediary service institutions, make construction project management of a gradual transition by an independent specialized agency in charge of project cost whole process tracking management, truly between owner and contractor plays an intermediary To strengthen engineering cost consulting industry association construction, establish project cost consulting industry self-discipline mechanism, and constantly improve the Engineering Cost Association in engineering cost consulting industry status, to be truly representative of the interests of the majority of the industry practitioners, government and enterprises to become connection link and the At the same time to strengthen the project cost specialty in higher education and in service As a result of project cost management in construction projects and various economic interests are closely related, and the whole social economic activities play a very important role, it requires the cost engineering technical personnel should have different levels of knowledge, in addition to their professional knowledge and have a deep understanding, also deal with the design content, design process, construction technology, project management, economic laws and regulations have a comprehensive understanding Therefore, the project cost management, project cost per unit of society groups, has already obtained a cost engineer qualification personnel, in order to carry out plan, has the goal, multiple levels of continuing education and training, to understand and master Chinese bilateral agreements with countries project cost technology, regulations, management system and its development trend, to expand domestic and foreign exchanges, and actively participate in international or regional engineering activities, improve their professional quality, so that the current practitioners in intelligent structure, theory and working experience three aspects can meet the needs of engineering cost Cost engineering professionals need to strengthen their own learning, in addition to the professional knowledge to upgrade, should also work in combination with a broad understanding and master the relevant engineering and technical expertise, educational organizations and industry regulatory bodies constitute a complete education system, so as to the field of engineering senior talent development to create good

童鞋你好！这个估计需要自己搜索了！网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！就算别人给你找的，也未必能满足你的需要！并且，找资料在以后的工作中是必备的技能之一啊！所以，我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文资料数据库：---------------------------------------------------------- ⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL) ⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会 ⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会 ⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库 ⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书 ⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 ⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库 ⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------如果你真的不愿意自己找的话，那就进行追问吧！中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！所以，很容易过去的！祝你好运！

最简单的文章一篇，请下载，望采纳