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任何专业在毕业时都要进行 毕业论文 的撰写(工科类专业一般为毕业设计、医科类一般为临床实习)及其答辩考核。 毕业论文 的撰写及答辩考核是取得高等教育毕业文凭的重要环节之一，也是衡量毕业生是否达到较高层水平的重要依据之一，具有重要的意义。但是，由于许多人往往对 毕业论文 的写作感到压力很大，心中无数，难以下笔。因此，通过我们的服务，解除您的烦恼 原创论文写作网 以促进学术交流发展为宗旨，用我们独特的核心能力为您提供超值的各类各专业的论文、Research Proposal、Writing Sample、MBA Essay、英语作文、作业等相关写作服务。 原创论文写作网学位论文的写作特点与写作原则 1、立论客观，具有独创性： 文章的基本观点来自具体材料的分析和研究，所提出的问题在本专业学科领域内有一定的理论意义或实际意义，并通过独立研究，体现出客户的认知和看法。 2、论据翔实，富有确证性： 论文做到旁征博引，多方佐证，有主证和旁证。论文中所用的材料到言必有据，准确可靠，精确无误。 3、论证严密，富有逻辑性： 提出问题、分析问题和解决问题，要符合客观事物的发展规律，全篇论文形成一个有机的整体，使判断与推理言之有序，天衣无缝。 4、体式明确，标注规范： 论文以论点的形成构成全文的结构格局，以多方论证的内容组成文章丰满的整体，以较深的理论分析辉映全篇。此外，论文的整体结构和标注规范得体。 5、语言准确、表达简明： 论文最基本的要求是读者能看懂。因此，颐切闯龅穆畚模合氲那澹�档拿鳎�氲纳睿�档耐福�龅缴钊肭吵觯�约蛞怅唷?
撰写论文实际上是一项大工程，要写论文前要有开题报告，开题报告是确定论文的主题。文章中期会有一份中期检查报告，中期检查报告主要是看学生的论文完成情况，最后是论文的最终答辩。那么下面小编一起来了解一下论文中期检查报告是怎么写的？论文要写到中期，就是要同学们去做一篇论文中期的检查报告，这种检查报告是用来检查学生论文完成情况的考察报告。在这个报告中大家要写清楚自己目前已经完成的一些工作任务，简单一点就是要把自己的一篇论文完成情况汇报。此外，中期报告中要写出您为什么选择这一研究课题，也要详细分析在研究过程中遇到的一些问题，以及您现在想到的解决方案。在你的论文写作过程中，还有一项非常重要的工作，就是要总结一下你在这段时间内所获得的成果，以及整个论文目前所取得的成果。您可以罗列论文写作过程中遇到的一些问题，写到中期时如果您还有许多问题没有解决，也可以在中期报告中罗列给指导老师进行咨询解决。中期报告存在的意义是为了使指导老师能比较全面地了解每个学生论文的进度，也能让指导老师更好地安排自己的论文指导工作，对论文有较大困难的同学指导老师可以多给他们一些时间。
1要写出预期目标 2开题以来所做的具体工作和取得的进展或成果3存在的具体问题4下一步工作具体设想与安排5指导教师意见
一，今天和大家分享几篇毕业论文中期报告，希望能帮到你毕业论文中期报告(一)1.收集和整理资料，参阅部分收集到的资料，对论文命题有了初步的认识。2.完成开题报告，并通过指导老师和论文开题答辩小组审查。3.查找与阅读论文相关的合适的英文文献，对其进行翻译并完成。4.寻找实习单位，进行为期一个月的实习，实习内容涉及社会实践和与论文相关的实地研究。5.实习期间写下实习周记，在实习结束后完成实习报告。6.通过文献研究和实践研究，对论文命题有了较为全面的理解后，结合前人的研究成果，完成论文初稿的撰写。存在的主要问题及解决办法??到目前为止，在论文的写作中主要有以下几个问题：1.?对论文所涉及的知识认识得不够深刻，所以对命题的探讨不过深入。2.?研究中引入的数据不够，对相关问题的支撑程度不足。3.?论文的各部分之间的衔接不够强，有的地方缺少逻辑。导致上述问题主要有两个原因，一是研究不够深入，二是撰写不够严密。 针对这两个原因，解决方法有：1.对论文所涉及的知识以及前人的研究成果理解程度需要更加深刻，在这个基础上才能得到有深度的结论。2.需要对已完成的内容进行多次审阅，从内容、结构及用语等方面给予调整。?3.对于写作过程中遇到的具体难题要多向指导老师请求援助。下一步的主要研究任务、具体设想与安排在往后的论文写作中主要研究任务是在已完成的基础上给予完善，具体的方法是参阅更多的相关研究文章，尤其是研究较为完整系统的书籍，深度提取其成果，结合本文的研究方向与思路来引用，其中具体内容包括前期研究不足的怎样将crm与erp?在财务、制造、库存、分销、物流和人力资源等连接起来方面的问题。针对此问题,需要更加具体的探索crm与erp的共性，如共通性与有机结合等问题。?另外，论文的进度方面，在初稿基础上进行修改，争取在六月初完成论文终稿。
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is prof.With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt tribute.Below I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy forms.And it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan K.Ghosh has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden Notebook.While the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
主要是你论文到中期你都做了哪些工作？完成了哪些任务，比如说文献综述完成多少，实地研究完成多少，写明即可
这种检查报告是用来检查学生论文完成情况的考察报告。在这个报告中大家要写清楚自己目前已经完成的一些工作任务，简单一点就是要把自己的一篇论文完成情况汇报。此外，中期报告中要写出您为什么选择这一研究课题，也要详细分析在研究过程中遇到的一些问题，以及您现在想到的解决方案。在你的论文写作过程中，还有一项非常重要的工作，就是要总结一下你在这段时间内所获得的成果，以及整个论文目前所取得的成果。英文的也差不多啦，但是就需要用到一些比较正式的词语了，去百度一下就可以找到了，注意一下用词排版就可以了，和中文的差不多。
论文中期检查报告的写法：
论文中期检查报告的主要内容包括：选题质量、开题报告完成情况、阶段性成果、存在主要问题以及老师评语。
1、选题质量：主要填写选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；题目难易程度；题目工作量；题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度。
2、开题报告完成情况：根据自己在各方面资料的收集和整理，写明是否完成了这次设计的选题及开题报告。
3、阶段性成果：在写论文的各个过程中，取得的实际成果。
4、存在主要问题：在写论文过程中，存在的主要问题及解决方法。
5、老师评语：指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计进展等方面的评语。
论文的发表：
1、发表论文的过程
投稿-审稿-用稿通知-办理相关费用-出刊-邮递样刊。
一般作者先了解期刊，选定期刊后，找到投稿方式，部分期刊要求书面形式投稿。大部分是采用电子稿件形式。
2、发表论文审核时间
一般普通刊物（省级、国家级）审核时间为一周，高质量的杂志，审核时间为14-20天。
核心期刊审核时间一般为4个月，须经过初审、复审、终审三道程序。
3、期刊的级别问题
国家没有对期刊进行级别划分。但各单位一般根据期刊的主管单位的级别来对期刊划为省级期刊和国家级期刊。省级期刊主管单位是省级单位。国家级期刊主管单位是国家部门或直属部门。
开题报告怎么写啊？
商务英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文
开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。下面是我帮大家整理的商务英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
题目名称：商务英语谈判中的礼貌策略研究
英文题目：Politeness Principle as a strategy in Business Negotiation
学生姓名：
学号：xxx
学院：xxxx
专业年级：英语专业商务方向xx级
指导教师：xxx
职称：
一、选题的依据：
由于商务活动的需要，在世界高度一体化，国际商务活动日益频繁，中国进入WTO 的国际背景下，需要人们熟练掌握对外商务活动的原则和技巧;而商务谈判是对外商务活动的重要环节，商务谈判实际上是通过语言来进行的经济活动， 其成功与否很大程度上取决于语言的应用。在谈判过程中谈判双方都希望己方利益最大化，因此双方在谈判过程中的语言表达和应用对谈判有着深远影响。得体、合适的语言表达能促进商务谈判的顺利进行。而礼貌原则作为一种语用策略是商务谈判的必要技巧，我们通过运用礼貌策略减少谈判双方的利益摩擦，缓和谈判环境，使双方在快乐的条件下获得共赢和理想的谈判结果。本选题旨在研究礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的影响及具体应用。其意义如下：
意义：1. 得体的谈吐能树立谈判者良好的文化素养和职业道德形象，是商务谈判中的润滑剂;
2.增加谈判者之间的信任度，提高谈判中的自觉性，增加谈判的成功性，从而实现经济利益;
3. 对商务谈判中礼貌原则的研究有利于对今后礼貌原则文化差异起着促进作用;
4. 对礼貌原则的研究及礼貌语言的学习、应用利于人们生活实际中的交际和商务活动，利于个人生活。
2)综合国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解
我国学者何自然认为礼貌语言实际上是一种语用策略。大量学者对语用学中的礼貌策略进行了研究。我国学者胡艳芳认为礼貌是人类文明的重要标志，是人类社会活动的一条重要准绳(2009)，普遍存在于人类的交际活动中。国内学者徐盛恒也有深入的见解他认为礼貌语言是语言交际可能涉及的各方关系的杠杆(1992)，起着调节人际关系的作用。他们的研究都说明了礼貌语言策略在人们生活交际中有着重要的作用。
国外学者对其的研究更为突出。早在20世纪50年代，美国学者戈夫曼(Erving Goffman)就提出了“面子行为理论”，建立了礼貌模式。20世纪60年代，美国语言哲学家Grice(1975)在Austin 和Searle的言语行为基础上提出了会话合作原则，该原则认为人们在所有会话中都应遵循质量，方式和相关的四准则。R.Lakoff(1972,1973,1975,1977)在上世纪七十年代提出礼貌三规则。1978年Brown 和Levinson 提出了“面子论”。而英国语言学家利奇(Leech,1983)将语用原则分为“人际修辞”(interpersonal rhetoric)和“篇章修辞(textual rhetoric)，提出了礼貌六准则。语用学中礼貌语言策略的历史来源及国内外学者的研究为诸多学者对礼貌策略在商务谈判中作用及应用的研究有着巨大的指导意义。许多学者就Grice的合作原则及相关理论，Leech的礼貌六准则，以及Brown和Levison的“面子论”在商务谈判中的应用进行了相关研究。他们的研究结果表明礼貌原则这一语用策略不仅适用于人们生活中的交流同时在商务谈判中依然适用并发挥着重要作用。
在此基础上，本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Grice的合作原则、Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。从而说明礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的重要性。
二、研究内容
(1)主要研究内容及观点：
本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。
(2)论文内容提纲：
1 商务谈判的简单介绍
1.1商务谈判的定义
1.2商务谈判的基本原则(语言特征)
2 礼貌语言策略的介绍
2.1礼貌的定义
2.2相关的礼貌理论( Grice(1975)会话合作原则; Leech的礼貌六准则; Brown Levison的“面子论”等)
2.3 相关礼貌理论下的具体礼貌原则和策略
3一些语用礼貌策略在商务谈判中的应用(重点)
3.1 “得体准则”(把Grice的合作原则中的量的准则，质的准则，关系准则纳入为得体准则 说明：此为创新点)
3.2 慷慨准则的应用( Leech原理)
3.3 逊准则的应用( Leech原理)
3.4 Brown Levison积极和消极礼貌策略的应用
4 总结
三、研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析
本选题的主要研究方法有文献资料法和经验总结法，以网络技术、人工智能为研究手段，采用对比分析、综合分析等方法和手段，通过对国内外学者在礼貌原则领域的见解和研究成果的对比和解析，总结出礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的应用的重要性。
四、进程安排和采取的主要措施
20xx.9.3- 9.19：
资料收集，阅读整理资料，拟定论文研究大致方向
20xx.9.19 - 9.24：
向论文老师申报论文题目;确定研究方向，拟定出论文大纲，积累资料
20xx.9.24 -10.15：
撰写开题报告及交予老师审核
20xx.10.15 -11.10：
听取指导老师建议结合实际撰写、修改论文一稿
20xx.11.11 -11.25：
听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文二稿
20xx.11.26.- xx.5：
听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文三稿
20xx.xx.6.-xx.15：
撰写论文定稿
20xx.xx.16-xx.18：
上交论文定稿
20xx.xx.19-xx.23：
将论文定稿交予老师审查
20xx.xx.27—xx.28：
做好答辩准备
五、主要参考文献
[1] Brown, P. &Levinson, S., 1978, “Universals in Language Usage. Politeness Phenomena”. In E.N . Goody(ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strateges in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1978, pp.65-311.
[2] Grice, H.P., 1975, “Logic and Conversation”. In Cole &Morgan(eds.). Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York : Academic Press. 1975, PP.41-58.
[3] Goffman,E., 1967, International Ritual: Essays on Face –to Face Behacior. New York: Doubleday and Company.
[4] Leech .G. Principle of Pragmatics [M]. New York : Longman Inc, 1983.
[5] 胡艳芳(Hu, Yanfang),积极礼貌策略在英语课堂教学中的应用[J]. 重庆工学学院学报(社会科学版)2009(1).
[6] 何自然(He, Zirran).语用与英语学习[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1997.
[7] 邱天河(Qiu Tianhe), 语用策略在国际商务谈判中的运用[J]. 外语与外语教学.
[8] 徐盛恒(Xu Sheng hen)礼貌原则新拟[J]. 外语学刊，1992.
[9] 熊学亮(Xiong, Xueliang).礼貌文化参数. 简明语用学教程, 2008.5: 1165-170.
[10] 杨林聪(Yang Lincong)礼貌原则在商务沟通中的应用[M].长沙.国防科技大学出版社，2002.
六、指导教师意见
指导教师签名：
xx年xx月xx日
课题名称：原则和合作原则在商务英语中的
本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义
研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学。国内的，如：吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》;黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》;武瑞的《商务英语信函中的'语用策略研究》。国外的，如：Josephine Baker的Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English;Beam Brilliance的New Business English;Leech,S.的Principles of Pragmatics等。
从这些论文著作整理统计来看，国内外学者对商务英语信函的翻译、词汇和语用的理论性研究分析的较多，将具体的礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究分析的较少。本论文选取礼貌原则和合作原则这两大原则并结合具体实例来具体分析研究这两大原则在商务英语信函的应用。
研究目的及意义：
目的：随着世界经济和信息技术快速发展，商务英语信函已经成为对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。商务英语信函是在商务环境下，利用信函与具有不同文化背景的客户进行国际交流的行为，它是一种行业英语，是开展对外商务活动的基础和重要工具，是最常用也最有效的通讯手段之一。为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性，本论文对礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用进行了具体研究。
意义：商务英语信函是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段，信函中灵活运用礼貌原则和合作原则是商务活动顺利开展的内在要求和取得商务交际成功的关键，是建立和睦合作关系的基础，因此，礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究对商务英语信函的写作具有重要的借鉴意义。
课题类型：
(1)A—工程实践型;B—理论研究型;C—科研装置研制型;D—计算机软件型;
E—综合应用型
(2)X—真实课题;Y—模拟课题;
(1)、(2)均要填，如AY、BX等。
本课题的研究内容
中文题目：礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究
摘要
1引言
1.1论文研究的背景
1.2论文研究的意义
2商务英语信函及语用原则简介
2.1商务英语信函的定义
2.2商务英语信函的特点
2.3商务英语信函的语用原则简介
3礼貌原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用
3.1礼貌原则简介
3.1.1礼貌原则的定义
3.1.2礼貌原则的特点
3.2礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用
4合作原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用
4.1合作原则简介
4.1.1合作原则的定义
4.1.2合作原则的特点
4.2合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用
5 总结
6 参考文献
本课题研究的实施方案、进度安排
实施方案：
查找有关资料，收集并整理资料，结合自己兴趣和专业与指导老师探讨后确定选题。确定论文题目，根据论文的研究方向和所得资料结合任务书中的要求，写出开题报告。编写提纲根据提纲写出初稿，根据修改后的初稿写出二稿，根据再修改后的二稿写出三稿。调整论文结构，检查错别字，编排标准格式，定稿打印。
进度安排：
20XX年1月5日上交开题报告
20XX年4月9日交初稿
20XX年4至5月论文修改
20XX年5月22日论文定稿
20XX年5月29日答辩
已查阅的主要参考文献
[1] Beam Brilliance.New Business English [M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,2010
[2] Frank J.Effects of Positive Politeness Strategies in Business Letters [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2010
[3] Fraster,B.Perspectives on Politeness [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2011
[4] Goody.Questions and Politeness: strategies in social interaction [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2009
[5] Jef Versehueren.Understanding Pragmatics [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000
[6] Jiang Wangqi.Pragmatics: Theories and Applications [M].Beijing: Beijing University Press,2000
[7] Jones L,Alexander R.International Business English [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2001
[8] Lesikar,Raymond V.Business Communication [J].New York: Richard C.Irwin,Inc.,1999
[9] Pinto.Genre Analysis of Business Letters of Negotiation [J].English for Specific Purposes,2002
[10] Scheraga,Mona.Practical English Writing Skills [J].Illinois NTC Publishing Group,2001
[11]范俊芳.合作原则和礼貌原则在英语商务信函中的研究[D].辽宁大学，2012
[12]高欢.礼貌原则应用于商务英语信函的实证研究[D].重庆大学，2007
[13]胡志雯.语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴[J].湖南大学学报，2003
[14]李亮.商务英语应用中的合作原则和礼貌原则体现[J].广西大学学报，2009
[15]刘焕明.格莱斯合作原则在经贸英语合同文本中的应用[D].延边大学，2009
[16]梅庭军.合作原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].考试周刊，2012
[17]吴金凤.商务英语信函的特点及翻译[D].上海外国语大学，2006
[18]王晓英杨靖.商务英语写作教程[M].东南大学出版社，2004
[19]武瑞.商务英语信函中的语用策略探究[D].山西财经大学，2010
[20]赵军.商务英语语用特征研究[D].西华大学，2012
[21]周瑞琪.语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].广东外语外贸大学学报，2007
题 目：
On the Characteristics & Translating Skills of English Advertising(英语的特征和翻译)
选题依据及研究意义：
随着经济全球化的进一步加快，国际经济的进一步发展带动了广告业的腾飞，英语广告翻译日益成为翻译学研究的重要组成部分，广告翻译的发展对国际贸易的发展不言而喻。广告是商战中的有力的武器，广告英语是一种专门用途的英语，他与普通英语有着较大的差别，本文结合大量的实例，从广告英语的语法特点、句法特点和修辞特点三方面分析了广告英语的特点，并浅析了其翻译策略。英语广告翻译作为翻译学的一个新的领域，引起了众多的翻译工作者和研究人员的注意，发展仍然不够成熟和完善，这篇论文正是针对这一系列的问题提出了英语广告的特点和英语广告的翻译策略等重要意义的课题。从而为英语广告的翻译提供了有效的途径，为众多的翻译工作人员提供了重要的借鉴，同时也推动广告业及广告翻译事业的长足发展。
选题的研究现状：
对于商务沟通中的策略，曾有两语言学家提出过。
美国语言学家格莱斯于1967年提出的礼貌被称为“合作原则”。此原则中，会话双方需要共同遵守的原则包括数量、关系、质量和方式几个准则。有了“合作原则”，交易双方所说的话就不会逻辑混乱，说话者和听话者能顺畅沟通，以达到成功交际的目的。20世纪80年代，在合作原则的基础上，英国语言学家利奇又提出了著名的“礼貌原则”，其主要内容为：通过减少自身利益，使对方从中获得更大利益的方式获得对方好感，推进合作，使对方从中获得更长远的利益。
总而言之，“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”都是要求商务信函中要坚持礼貌策略，以达到维护交易各方地位均等、关系友好的目的。
拟研究的主要内容：
1.礼貌、礼貌原则和商务英语的表达原则;
2.商务英语信函的写作原则
3.礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的具体应用;
4.商务英语信函语言表达形式中礼貌的表现。
研究的创新点及重、难点：
（1）本研究的创新点：本研究立足于商务贸易间来往，提出了不容忽视的礼貌策略，符合现代商务沟通的基本准则，有利于更好的撰写商务英语信函，促进贸易。
（2）本研究存在的主要问题：参考文献的局限性以及信函中的创新概念，避免千篇一律。
研究的进程安排：
20XX-1-15——20XX-2-15 确定选题，收集资料，撰写开题报告
20XX-2-16——20XX-2-18 撰写初稿
20XX-2-19——20XX-2-20 完成二稿
20XX-2-21——20XX-3-1 定稿
主要参考文献：
[1] 曹顺发，冯波，国际商务英语谈判[M].沈阳：辽宁教育出版社，2001.
[2] 彭林霞，黄莉：商务电子邮件与传统商务信函中礼貌策略的对比分析[J].温州大学学报，2006第19卷第5期：49-56.
[3] 秦晓杰：英文商务信函中的“合作”和“礼貌”[J].西安外国语学院报，2001第9卷第4期：11-14.
[4] 曹菱，商务英语谈判[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.
[5] Brown G&Yule,G Discourse Analysis,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Reserch Press
[6] Bilbow G T.PHD.2001.Write for modernbussiness.Longman
高中英语教学论文开题报告
毕业论文题目： 高中英语词汇教学的研究开题报告
研究课题的意义
词汇是语言重要的组成部分之一。一种语言靠它的词汇，按照一定的语法规则，组成有意义的语篇。词汇的重要性正如Wilkins(1972)指出的那样：“ Without grammer ,many things can’t be conveyed . But without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed ”。对于高中生来说，掌握所学语言的词汇，是提高外语水平的一个重要方面。
然而，目前的高中英语新教材，尤其是我们使用的北师大版英语教材，与以前的人教版相比最大的的变化就是词汇量的大大增加，每个单元需要识记生词的数量平均都在200个左右，甚至有的单词只有在大学一二年级才出现的，也出现在了高中课本上这无疑增加了词汇学习的难度。同时词汇学习对多数学生，尤其是对我们农村高中生
来说是一个难点，一个拦路虎，在很大程度上制约了英语成绩的提高。许多学生都为记单词而苦恼：要么记不住，即使记住了，也是记得快忘得快。
学生的英语成绩的分化往往也是从词汇而且部分学生因词汇量的增加而产生厌学英语的情绪。在批改作业(特别是书面表达)时，我们也会发现学生单词拼写错误较多。当问到学生为什么英语考试成绩不好的原因时，得到的回答往往是：生词太多，读不懂，不会写。
因此，迫切需要我们教师解决学生词汇学习难的问题。我将和我的组员们一起研究高中词汇的教学。希望我们英语教学有帮助.
那么英语老师如何进行词汇教学，激发学生记单词的兴趣，帮助学生轻松地记住并运用所学的单词呢?
下面我将我们前段的初步研究作以下汇报：
一、 教师和学生都要明确和树立这样一种理念，即教材词汇量大，是通往英语自由王国 的必由之路，是社会发展的需要，新课标的要求，更是高考取得高分的法宝.
众所周知，词汇是构成语言的三大要素(语音，词汇，语法)之一，是语言的'建筑材料。离开了词汇，语言就失去了实际意义，“大量的语言输入本身就是第二外语习得的重要条件之一。”英语的词汇量大，而且随着社会的发展、科技的进步、每天都有很多词汇扩充进去。新课标对高中生提出了更高的要求。在英语高考中，如果想脱颖而出，具丰富的词汇量必定占有极大的优势。
二 目前学生在记单词和教师在词汇教学中存在的问题
学生存在的问题：
单词记不住，背了就忘，主要是平时接触英语少，一词多义不了解，读音不准，有的学生还是死记单词，还是机械式的记忆。平时背的英语作文，也是刚背过就忘，而且不会把背过的句子灵活运用。此外，对一些基本的构词法不太熟悉和重视。即时背过了部分单词，由于阅读量太少，按《英语课程标准》，高中毕业生的阅读量除教材应达到36万以上，，大部分学生远远没达到这个标准，所以不能彻底掌握词汇。
教师存在的问题：
认为学生只有记住课文中出现的所有单词才能达到教材的要求，未能对单词进行分层教学。认为学生能力有限，不敢放手让学生记忆单词。或者把词汇记忆完全停留在学生的自发学习的阶段，把单词记忆的任务完全交给学生，缺乏对学生词汇学习和记忆方法和策略的指导等
针对以上问题，我们初步做一些教学方法的研究：
一、 游戏教学法
把游戏引入英语课堂，使教学形式多样化，有利于培养中学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学习效率和教学效果。词汇教学游戏能有效防止学生疲劳或产生厌烦心理，有利于创造和谐的课堂其气氛，让学生在轻松愉快的感觉中领会和掌握词汇。词汇教学游戏必须具备知识性、科学性、趣味性和竞争性等特征。从活动的形式看，词汇教学游戏涉及听、说、读、写。教师应从实际出发，科学的设计各种游戏。如猜谜游戏、将相关的词配对、给名词配上适当的形容词、单词竞赛、填词游戏等，力求生动活泼，使学生积极参与。
2.联想教学法
联想能帮助人们记忆，可以做到举一反三，把旧知识联系起来，达到温故而知新。联想可以采用步步深入的方法，先从单词的语音、词形联想，继而来呢想到词与词之间的结构搭配，最后过渡到语义联想、文化联想等。
相关联想：学习taste这个词，便联想起其它与感官有关的系动词look(看起来)。Smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)等。学习词组a quantity of 就会联想起许多意思相同或详尽的词组。如 plenty of , a supply of , a lot of ,a great deal of 等词组，同时海联想到这些词的相似的用法。
对比联想：例如：open-close ,pass-fail ,present-
alrsent等。在某些固定成语或谚语中，反义词的应用更是不胜枚举：now and then ; More haste, less speed; long lament.
形象联想：这种记忆方法的核心是通过联想将一些本身相互无内在联系的单词和头脑里另外一些鲜明、生动、奇特的形象结合起来，从而达到记忆的目的。
3.直观教学法
直观教学通常采用如下方法：
(1)实物法。实物是最直观的教具之一，它能唤起学生的注意力，激发学生的兴趣。在高中英语教材中，像dessert, gift, photograph等很多单词可利用实物进行直观教学。这样就可以建立起单词与实物的直观联系，使教学真实形象，给学生留下深刻印象。
(2)图示法。在讲授一些难以理解的抽象名词时，如果能够借助图片，简笔画教学，则可以起到很好的教学小火。
4.语境教学法
大多数英语单词不仅只有一个意思，一词同义、多义甚至反义的现象非常普遍。一个词的意义总是和其他的词相结合而存在，没有语境就很难确定他的指称。学习词汇的目的是为了运用词汇，并能正确运用到语言表达中，在英语教学中营造一定的语言情景。使学生宛如置于一种真实的语言环境之中，就能使学生自然而然地使用所学词汇来表达他们的思想感情，从而达到生动活泼的课堂上有效学习词汇的目的 。
5.文化联想教学法
文化语境是指某一语言社团特定的社会规范和习俗，包括当时政治、历史、哲学、民俗等思想文化意识。文化语境对词语的含义有重要作用。新课程标准把文化意识列为基础教育阶英语课程的主要目标之一。因此，对词汇的文化内涵意义的讲授是高中英语词汇教学中必不可少的重要内容。英语教师应转变观念，在词汇教学中不再仅仅留在词汇的音、形、义的层面上，而应该注重传授词汇的文化内涵，做到音形义和文化内涵四者相结合。
在新课程标准下，教师一定要根据所教的教材内容和学生的实际状况，采取灵活多样的教学方法没把英语教学法的一些相关理论运用到教学实践中，用理论指导实践，用实践充实理论。以便探索出许多行之有效的教学方法，不断提高自身的业务素质。
今后研究的方向：
今后我们会就教师怎样分层教授词汇以及学生怎样记忆词汇进行深入探讨。
争取在词汇教学中能有重大突破。
毕业论文中期报告
在现实生活中，报告的适用范围越来越广泛，我们在写报告的时候要避免篇幅过长。为了让您不再为写报告头疼，下面是我整理的毕业论文中期报告，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
齐齐哈尔大学
毕业论文中期总结
学院化学与化学工程学院
专业班级化学063班
学生姓名孙佳慧
指导教师魏彦
20xx年5月14日
毕业论文中期总结
20xx年3月，我开始了我的毕业论文工作，时至今日，已经一个多月了。从最初的茫然，到慢慢的进入状态。回想这段日子的经历和感受，我感慨万千，在这次毕业设计的过程中，我拥有了无数难忘的回忆和收获。
一、前期工作的简述
在三月的时候在魏老师的指导下选定了我的毕业论文的题目—化学史课件制作及网络化设计。从选题题目之后，去图书馆查找相应的文献资料，搜集好与文题有关的参考文献后，就要对这些参考文献进行阅读、归纳、整理，如何从这些文献中选出具有代表性、科学性和可靠性大的单篇研究文献十分重要，从某种意义上讲，所阅读和选择的文献的质量高低，直接影响中期报告的水平。因此在阅读文献时，要写好“读书笔记”、“读书心得”以便更好的写出论文，编制论文提纲。同时，确定外文翻译的内容。之后的数日就进行外文翻译。首先将外文论文中的陌生单词进行查找并标注。之后一步一步循序渐进的进行翻译，形成外文翻译的初稿。然后，将查找的文献进行整理，并撰写开题报告。并接受指导老师的指导，完成开题报告。准备迎接中期检查。现在可见依然在制作中，现已经取得了一定得成果。
二、尚存在的问题及解决方案
（1）在图书馆和网上资料库中与化学史相关的内容比较少，在制作课件的时候能用的材料就更少了；
（2）由于以前接触相关的知识比较少，所以网页制作的软件应用起来比较困难；
（3）在这段时间内我一直都没间断找查找外文资料，但是收获不是很大，外文资料比较难找。
三、后期的工作安排
（1）更深入的学习Dreamweaver8、Powerpoint、flash8等软件的应用方法，跟快更好的完成网页和课件的制作；
（2）完成外文文献翻的译并定稿；
（3）撰写毕业论文、完成外文资料译文的排版、打印、装订，课件的计算机输出，整理毕业论文材料。
一、设计（论文）进展状况
1.经过前期的学习和需求分析，我已经大概掌握了java程序的编写过程，以及java中对于框架的运用，加之对数据库的了解，熟悉了java程序与数据库之间的联系。
2.对系统进行了全面分析，并进行了需求分析和功能模块的设计。对系统与数据库之间的关系进行了系统的分析和设计。对数据库中关于考题表的设计进行了优化。
3.实现了数据库的设计，共有8个数据库表。ExamStu考生考题表。Choose选择体表，JCloze填空题表，estimate确定题表，Jquiz简答题表，choose-an表选择题答案表，Jcloze-an填空题答案表，estimate-an确定题答案表等。
4.已经实现了对不一样类型的考题按难度设置进行抽取，并组合
（1）管理员登录进行考题的录入
（2）管理员对数据库中考题的管理，如删除，修改
（3）学生登录后能够从系统得到一份自动分配的考卷
（4）教师登录后能够看到考生考卷，并进行评阅
（5）对于考生提交的考卷系统能够自动进行相关的打分，如选择题，确定题
5.已完成与专业相关的3000-5000字的外文资料的翻译。
二、存在问题及解决措施
1.存在的问题是：管理员和学生以及教师的权限问题
解决的措施是：根据输入的用户名，密码，到数据库里检索数据，根据该用户的权限值，保存成session，当打开一个新的页面，确定session。
2.存在的问题是：考题随即分配问题
解决的措施是：设计数据库时在各个考题表中设置一个关键字来区别已经选中的考题。
3.存在的问题是：对于考生试卷中确定，填空以及选择题自动比对的问题
解决的措施是：添加了一个答案表，并且设置了一个与之相联系的'表的关键字
4．存在的问题是：在数据库设计时，考生考完试后，考生所答试卷不能正确的和考题关联上
解决的措施是：设置主外键进行表与表之间的联系。
5.存在的问题是：系统安全性的问题
解决的措施是：运用数据库自身的安全管理措施以及windows安全管理措施
（2）在系统资源访问上，增加过滤器验证身份，以到达可靠性。
三、后期工作安排
1.继续完成考生考试过程中关于得到随即分配考题的问题，关于考试过程中考题难度的浮动问题
2.集中测试考题分配问题
3.测试不一样人员的权限问题，不一样身份登录只能看到相应的页面，构成测试报告文档。
4.完善系统的安全性。并进行测试，构成测试报告文档。
5.系统的验收测试，并构成测试报告文档。
6.完成该系统后，在指导教师的指导下，针对本系统的开发，存在的问题以及对系统开发的经验总结，写出一篇一万五千字左右的论文，作为对所完成毕业设计的汇报与总结。
院系：xxx
姓名：xxx
学号：xxx
班级：化学08-2班
1.论文题目：xxx
2.论文进展状况：本毕业论文包括以下几个部分
(1)查阅季戊四醇双缩酮的合成用的各种催化剂的合成资料。
(2)查阅季戊四醇双缩酮的合成方法和应用的文献资料
(3)制备催化剂。
(4)初期数据的整理，做好后期实验的准备工作;经过不一样的方法合成季戊四醇双缩酮
(5)后期数据整理和分析，，并比较各种合成方法的优缺点。
(6)修改、完善毕业论文，准备答辩。在这一段时间的主要成果有：阅读了很多关于季戊四醇双缩酮及其催化剂的论文、期刊等资料，了解季戊四醇双缩酮及其催化剂的主要合成方法，用途和化学特性等，为后期实验中能够更准确的完成做准备;用磷酸氢二钠和钨酸钠合成了十二钨磷酸，并经过比较找出了最佳反应的比例和最适合的反应条件，经过对氨基苯磺酸催化苯乙酮和季戊四醇合成了季戊四醇双缩酮，找到了催化剂对氨基苯磺酸的最佳用量比例以及反应物的最佳比例和最适合的反应条件。详实记录了不一样条件下的各反应的药品用量和反应现象。
3.存在问题及解决的措施：在查找资料过程中，遇到了某些不能确定的反应原理，经过查阅有关资料和请教指导教师，这个问题就迎刃而解了;在撰写论文开题报告时，参考文献的格式书写有误，经过教师的指点和认真翻阅毕业设计工具书，最终将其改正。在外文翻译初稿中，出现许多语病，翻译不准确、格式书写有误等问题，我重新审阅
多遍并在教师的帮忙下，完成了该部分任务。在实验的操作过程中不熟悉的操作经过教师的指导和同学的帮忙得到了解决
4.后期工作安排：截止到2014年4月22日，论文书写工作按照计划已经进行了一半，在以后的日子里，争取完善前期工作，并且根据指导教师指点，优化一部分章节资料。然后继续完成论文的后期工作，具体如下：
(1)2014422～201452完成论文的后期实验工作，并整理、分析实验数据;
(2)201452～2014510书写并完成论文的后半部分初稿;
(3)2014210～2014220完善论文、准备论文答辩。
目前已完成任务
1、收集整理资料，包括中日文的文献，对论文命题有了初步认识。
2、与指导教师进行商榷讨论，结合已有的研究资料，确定论文题目。
3、透过研究各项资料和与指导教师的探讨，对论文列出大致提纲，经指导教师改正指点，大致确定论文的基本思路。
4、透过文献研究和实践研究，对论文命题有了较为全面的理解后，结合前人的研究成果，完成论文初稿的撰写。
尚须完成的任务
1、日文文献资料不够充实。
2、论文思路不够严谨清晰，需要调整。
3、初稿还没彻底修改正确。
4、在修改初稿的基础上，完成第二、三稿，并尽快完成终稿。
存在的问题
1、提纲有些凌乱，有些地方条理不够清晰。
2、有关该研究的日文资料比较少，较难找，图书馆内相关文献少。
3、用词不当，出现语法错误。
4、论文要求格式较复杂，格式出现错误。
拟采取的办 法
1、结合指导教师意见，透过与同学进行讨论，调整结构，
2、继续查阅相关资料，完善论文资料。
3、找出错词、语法不当之处，进行修改，并对论文语言进行润色。
4、找出格式错误，进行修改。
完成した开题で答弁(今学期第2周である第4周)に続き、から、雑志や雑志、教科书问题や优秀な卒业论文などに関连资料を集めて、论文の公式の作文强固な基盘をしなければならない。——6周は5周间开题报告の土台の上でほぼ终わっ论文枠组みを始めた李さんとの関连の文法事例の収集作业を行っている。——第8周间、第7周间完成した论文の中の日本语訳の翻訳部分。——10周间、第9周によるが入手した资料によると、完成した论文の草稿のだった。
毕业论文中期报告范文如下：
范文一：
一、毕业设计(论文)完成情景：
1.完成开题报告,并经过指导教师和论文开题答辩小组审查。
⒉收集和整理资料，参阅部分收集到的资料，对论文命题有了初步的认识。
3.寻找实习单位，进行为期一个月的实习，实习资料涉及社会实践和与论文相关的实地研究。
4.查找与阅读论文相关的适宜的英文文献,对其进行翻译并完成。
5.实习期间写下实习周记。
6.经过文献研究和实践研究，对论文命题有了较为全面的理解后，结合前人的研究成果，完成论文初稿的撰写。
二、存在的问题、拟采取的措施：
1.对论文所涉及的知识认识得不够深刻，所以对命题的探讨可是深入。
2.研究中引入的数据不够，对相关问题的支撑程度不足。
3.论文的各部分之间的衔接不够强，有的地方缺少逻辑。
三、导致上述问题主要有两个原因：
一是撰写不够严密。
二是是研究不够深入，针对这两个原因，解决方法有：
1.对论文所涉及的知识以及前人的研究成果理解程度需要更加深刻，在这个基础上才能得到有深度的结论。
⒉需要对已完成的资料进行多次审阅，从资料、结构及用语等方面给予调整。3.对于写作过程中遇到的具体难题要多向指导教师请求援助。
下一步的主要研究任务、具体设想与安排在往后的论文写作中主要研究任务是在已完成的基础上给予完善，具体的方法是参阅更多的相关研究文章，尤其是研究较为完整系统的书籍，深度提取其成果。
结合本文的研究方向与思路来引用，其中具体资料包括会计环境研究时遇到的问题的解决对策的问题。针对此问题，需要更加具体的探索。另外，论文的进度方面，在初稿基础上进行修改，争取在六月初完成论文终稿。
范文二：
本毕业设计的主要资料是在实验测量的基础上透过ABAQUS软件选取适合欃胶类超弹性材料的本构模型，在这段时里已完成工作及进展、存在的问题及解决措施、后期工作安排如下:
一、已完成工作及进展：
1、学会透过学校网站检索课题相关的文章，查找并阅读欃胶类超弹性材料本构模型的相关文献，了解课题的研究背景与好处。
2、在导师的指导下学习有限元软件ABAQUS，完成基础算例，然后根据已有的欃胶单轴压缩实验建立有限元模型，将实验数据导入ABAQUS模型中进行拟合评估，从而最终确定适宜的本构模型并计算出相应参数。
3、完成与毕业设计相关的英文文献翻译。透过对文献的翻译，对数字影像分析法有了初步的认识。
二、存在的问题与解决措施：
透过对ABAQUS软件的学习，使自我对超弹性材料的本构有了更加深入的学习，但此刻还存在对软件使用不熟练、独立处理问题不强等问题。在以后的毕设进程中必须加强学习，并独立自主并熟练使用ABAQUS软件。
三、下一步工作安排：
第八、九周：对论文格式，注意事项进行学习，然后编写并生成论文初稿，让指导教师审阅。第十、十一周：根据导师指点修改论文，并透过导师审核通，最终生成答辩前的最终毕业论文。
范文三：
1.收集和整理资料，参阅部分收集到的资料，对论文命题有了初步的认识。
2.完成开题报告,并透过指导教师和论文开题答辩小组审查。
3.查找与阅读论文相关的适宜的英文文献，对其进行翻译并完成。
4.寻找实习单位，进行为期一个月的实习，实习资料涉及社会实践和与论文相关的实地研究。
5.实习期间写下实习周记，在实习结束后完成实习报告。
6.透过文献研究和实践研究，对论文命题有了较为全面的理解后，结合前人的研究成果，完成论文初稿的撰写。