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论文格式1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《gb7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
英语翻译论文写作方法
随着翻译学科的发展,翻译研究在横向的广度与纵向的深度上都有了很大的变化,怎样写英语翻译论文呢?
1、选题及资料查阅
对任何一项学术研究活动来讲，选择合适的课题都是至关重要的，尤其对研究成果具有决定性意义。在攻读博士研究生期间，笔者以翻译研究为主要研修方向，经过广泛阅读该领域的学术期刊论文和专著，较为熟悉国内外翻译研究的现状。加之入学伊始便在导师指引下从事中国典籍翻译研究，随着大量阅读和学习有关典籍英译及其研究的著述，自己对该领域尤其儒家经典《论语》的英译现象产生了兴趣，并逐渐进行较为深入的了解。
一般情况下，资料查阅在选题之前就已展开，因为资料是确定论文选题的重要依据，但其后的文献查阅工作更具重要意义。围绕《论语》英译这一现象，自己开始进一步的资料搜集和研读。初步调查和梳理发现，儒经《论语》的外译，始于意大利传教士利玛窦完成于1594年(一说1593年)的拉丁文译本(马祖毅、任荣珍，2003：34)，至今已逾四百年。而第一个《论语》英语全译本为柯大卫(David Collie)所译，作为《四书》(The Chinese Classical Work Commonly Called the Four Books)的一部分于1828年在马六甲出版，距今也近乎两个世纪。近年来，国内学者对《论语》英译本的关注和研究越来越多，除了较为集中于理雅各、翟林奈、韦利等所译的早期经典译本，也开始着手庞德、刘殿爵、安乐哲和罗思文(合译)等现当代译本的探讨。从手头掌握的资料来看，海外《论语》英语全译本已超过三十个。调查还发现，作为早期主要海外英语全译本之一，20世纪初就已出现的Leonard A. Lyall的《论语》英译本迄今鲜有研究，比如利用“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)未能搜寻到专门研讨该英译本的文章翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。由于材料新本身是学术创新的重要表现之一，因此有理由初步将该译本作为自己撰写一篇翻译研究论文的研究对象。
通过对更多资料爬梳剔抉，笔者掌握了译者Leonard A. Lyall及其《论语》英语本的基本情况。譬如，Leonard Arthur Lyall中文名叫赖发洛，是英国汉学家。1886 年以海关洋员的身份来华，在华40余年。赖发洛《论语》英译本书名为The Sayings of Confucius, 由位于伦敦的朗曼斯·格林公司(Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.)在1909年9月初版刊行，并先后于1925年10月和1935年9月印行第2版和第3版。这里所采用的研究对象是第3版，全书不足130页(其中正文共计102页)，是篇幅较为简短的《论语》英语全译本之一除了英译《论语》之外，他还分别翻译《中庸》(1927)和《孟子》(1932)两书并数次再版。1934年，他编著的现代世界丛书《中国》在伦敦出版，向西方介绍中国。然而，由于有关赖发洛《论语》英译本专门研究的学术论文迄今付诸阙如，因此决定将对该译本的文本细读作为自己进一步研究的基础，希望有所发现，或许为当下中华典籍外译及其相关研究提供些微借鉴和思考。
2、提纲构建
在研读赖发洛《论语》英译本过程中，笔者发现译者所贯彻始终的翻译基本策略和具体翻译操作方法与其对汉语特点的认识、翻译理念的追求等息息相关，而这些又充分体现在该译本的“前言”(Preface)和“导语”(Introduction)中。例如，第3版“前言”(1935)仅一句话，告诉读者再次修订译文旨在使其“更接近于汉语原文”(bring it nearer to the Chinese)(Lyall，1935：vi)。值得一提的是，第2版“前言”(1925)不仅强调该版译文“比初版更加接近字词对应”(more nearly word for word than it
was in the first)，而且指出汉语原文的两个特点：难懂(hard to understand)和多义(more than one interpretation)，并认为在这种情况下总是易读的译文绝非“真实翻译”(true translation)(同上：v)。而篇幅稍长的“导语”写于1909年，一定意义上亦可看作初版的“前言”。这部分内容十分丰富，既包括孔子生平、《论语》的形成过程以及时代背景和社会状况，又有春秋之前中国古代史简介，并谈到道家、墨家等思想。这些很大程度上也表明译者对中国传统文化的广泛认知和深入了解。
经过细读赖氏《论语》英译本发现，为了使译文与原文“更加接近字词对应”，译者尤其注重原文的遣词造句和形式结构，比如原文较为突出的数字小句的行文特点，译文往往采用类似排比的洗练短语、清晰而果断的语势，使原文的字词概念和句式语序尽可能在译文中再现翻译学的论文写作技巧概而言之，赖发洛通过运用多种具体翻译操作方法，贯彻以“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略，较为有效地践行了以质直求真为特色的“真实翻译”思想。赖氏追求的“真实翻译”尽管不同于几乎同时出现的、本杰明所倡导的旨在再现“纯语言”(pure language)的“真正翻译”(real translation)思想，但两者又似乎至少在一点上是相似的：因为后者为了实现译文的透明性，也强调直译原文(literal rendering)的必要性(Benjamin，2004：21)。
基于以上对赖译本的研读和思考，笔者着手构建论文的基本框架，初步拟订如下一个写作提纲。论文大致分为五个部分，包括引言、赖发洛及其《论语》英译本、翻译基本策略和具体方法、译本存在的不足及其原因分析和结语。其中，翻译基本策略为倾向直译且以“字词对应”为基础，具体翻译方法分为为四种，即字词对应、语序一致，字词对应、语序变换，字词调整、语序一致和字词调整、语序变换;译本的不足以翻译目的论为参照分为三类：悖离目的性法则的翻译失误、悖离连贯性法则的翻译失误和悖离忠实性法则的翻译失误，对每类译误又根据译本的具体情况加以细分，便于更好的例证和评析。
3、撰写与修改
论文撰写是整个论文工作的最重要阶段，也是需要付出时间和精力最多的阶段。论文初稿的撰写主要是基于以上拟订的提纲，虽然在写作过程中也碰到一些困难，但通过适当运用学习有关专业课程所掌握的知识，最终得到有效的解决。譬如，细读赖发洛《论语》英译本时，笔者做了大量的笔记，众多的例子和不同的想法着实令人难以取舍。根据所学专业知识及研究需要，决定围绕主题和材料价值来加以分类和取舍。此处通过一个具体的做法加以说明。基于四种具体翻译方法，自己首先为每一种方法挑选出典型的例句(暂不考虑译文的准确与否)，然后抽样统计各类译文所占的大体比例，进而评判译文的整体风格特点。例如：
1. 字词对应语序一致：
子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁!”(“学而第一”)
The Master said, Smooth words and fawning looks are seldom found with love.
2. 字词对应语序变换：
子曰：“弑父与君，亦不从也。”(“先进第十一”)
Nor would they follow, said the Master, if told to kill their lord or father.
3. 字词调整语序一致：
子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。(“述而第七”)
The Master’s manner was warm yet dignified. He was stern, but not fierce;humble, yet easy.
4. 字词调整语序变换：
子曰：“吾不如老农。”(“子路第十三”)
The Master said, An old husbandman knows more than I do.
根据笔者的粗略统计，这四类译文所占整个译文的比例大致为：第一类超过五分之三，第二类比第三类略多，但两者皆不足五分之一，而第四类最少，远低于十分之一。这一结果较为有力地支持了笔者对赖译本的判断，即译者贯彻“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略，旨在诠释“真实翻译”的理念。
再如，囿于极为有限的参考文献，且线索难觅，自己想到专业课程所学的“滚雪球”文献检索法，运用后发现助益很大，效果颇佳。这里仅以查询译者Leonard A. Lyall的汉语名字为例加以说明。最初从掌握的资料来看，译者英文名字叫Leonard A. Lyall，然后通过“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)在一篇关于《论语》英译史的文章中发现其汉语音译名为莱尔;接下来，通过利用该汉语音译名及其原名查得一篇论文谈及此人曾为海关洋员，进而在《全球化视野：中国海关洋员与中西文化传播(1854-1950年)》一书中找到其更为常用的中文名：赖发洛，以及更多有价值的信息。同时，还发现了译者的另一个中文名：兰雅。这样，通过对相关数据库再次就译者英文名和三个汉语名字进行逐一搜索，结果更为充分地表明赖发洛《论语》英译本的研究迄今尚付阙如。
关于修改文章，清梁章钜说：“百工冶器，必几经转换而后器成;我辈作文，亦必几经删润而后文成，其理一也。”(梁章钜，1973：1000)的确，要想写好论文，一个人必须在论文修改上下功夫。随着更多文献资料的查阅，笔者对论文初稿无论从遣词造句还是到篇章结构都进行了反复修改，既涉及到文中论点和论据的修正，也包括对所运用理论的调整翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。比如，论文初稿第四部分“译本存在的不足及其原因分析”有段补充说明赖氏译本特色的文字，包括“淡化译语(英语)形合之法，如用‘，’代替‘;’或连接词以贴近源语(汉语);用词基本不用缩略形式”等内容。后经反复斟酌，尤其考虑到论文内容和观点之间的相关性，最后决定将该文字移至第二部分“赖发洛及其《论语》英译本”，用以说明赖译本的特色。
关于文中的理论运用，笔者借鉴专业课程所学知识，如理论的'工具性、理论运用和学术价值的关系等，通过比较不同翻译流派理论的特点，结合论文研究的内容和目的，最终决定选用翻译目的论来分类评鉴赖译本，并有效地揭示赖氏译本追求英语译文“更接近于汉语原文”、最大限度地实现以理想化“真实翻译”为标志的翻译目的。
4、文体和引用之规范
翻译研究论文属于学术论文的范畴，既需要体现学术论文的基本性质，又应当符合学术论文的规范要求。其中，符合文体和引用的规范是对一篇合格的学术论文所提出的必然要求。关于学术论文的文体，要求十分丰富，包括从语态到语气，从术语的运用到避免歧视用语等内容。如关于术语，不仅要意识到使用专业术语的必要性，也要注意语言精炼，尽量少用术语，更要避免歧义。鉴于此，笔者在撰写尤其修改赖译本研究论文时都进行了仔细参照和认真检验，对那些欠妥如口语化的表达甚至讹误之处，如对翻译目的论个别术语的误用，都逐一加以修正和改善。
引用的规范对撰写合格的翻译研究论文同样具有重要意义。就引用而言，文章切忌断章取义，并应关注引用的核实及可靠性。为了避免引用的断章取义，熟悉引用文字的上下文十分关键。自己清楚记得老师曾在专业课上要求学生课后做引用查证练习，其中就有查阅“学而优则仕”的上下文。通过查阅，自己发现该语源自《论语》的“子张第十九”篇，上文是“仕而优则学”，并惊奇地发现该语为子夏所说，而非孔子所言。显然，这样的查证很有利于对该语的全面理解和准确使用。在修改关于赖译本研究的论文时，笔者努力查实引文，确保引用的可靠性。比如，为了更好地理解赖发洛所追求的“真实翻译”的涵义，文中引入了本杰明的“真正翻译”思想翻译学的论文写作技巧
为了查得“真正翻译”的出处，笔者在不同数据库中找到许多涉及该思想的论文，但基本上都是给出较为笼统的汉语解读，甚至还存在抵牾之处。为了更好地把握该思想，自己通过追根溯源，最终找到其原文具体出处，并发现本杰明这一思想与其“纯语言”哲学观密不可分，加深了对该思想的认识和理解。
其实，为了引用的规范，本篇论文也是如此。譬如，上文引用了清朝学者梁章钜有关作文修改之语，最初找到的出处有二：《退庵论文》和《退庵随笔》，且没有出版社、具体页码等信息。通过多次搜索和查阅，笔者最终在《退庵随笔》第十九卷“学文”中查得原文，并通过阅读下文——有关欧阳修对《昼锦堂记》原稿起首两句的修改，更好地理解了引文，尤其是修改之于作文的重要性。
毕业设计不会做，抄也要讲究方法作为一个已经毕业了的大学生，在做毕业设计的过程中，无论是设计成果的研究还是毕业论文的撰写，不可回避的一个问题就是抄袭。作为一个过来人，我想说的是，做毕业设计难免会有抄袭的现象，但是一定要掌握方法，千万不要盲目的抄完了事，那样做是非常危险的。有的同学看都不看就抄到论文上去了，有的同学拿着别人做完的东西都不研究一下就参加答辩去了。我就听过一个活生生、血淋淋的例子——老师问：“你这段代码是什么意思？”答：“我不知道。”老师又问下一段代码，又不知道，老师问：“这是你做的吗？”答：“不是，老师给的。”其结果可想而知了。你们想想，那些东西都是往届毕业生做出来的，老师们能看不出来吗？掩耳盗铃，自欺欺人，大家都是成年人，我想不用多说了吧。大家在完成毕业设计的过程中肯定会遇到各种各样的现实性困难，成果做不出来了怎么办?论文写不出来了怎么办？外文文献不会翻译怎么办？其实这都好办，世界上再难的技术也是人做出来，没有成果就找个现成的东西；论文写不出来就多看几本书，多引用书里的内容；外文水平不高就用翻译软件。总之一句话，你有张良计，我有过墙梯，物竟天择，适者生存。文章转自 众赏文库 毕业设计论文,专业文档下载
翻译方向的论文2010-09-15 20:31翻译是跨学科的，注定要采取多学科的视角研究翻译现象和翻译问题。一、选题范围1、翻译与文化：可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。宏观方面，一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论，可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的视角切入。阐述为什么有那样的译文？如严复的翻译，林纾的翻译，傅东华翻译《漂》时为什么使用归化的手段，鲁迅翻译的策略，翻译材料的选择等等。微观方面，可以讨论语言文字所承载的文化内容和内涵如何在翻译中表达，如文化负载词的翻译策略等。2、翻译与语言学理论：可以从篇章语言学，功能语言学（如喊韩礼德的系统功能理论等），对比语言学，心理语言学，交际语言学、文化语言学等方面考虑选题。如功能语言学和篇章语言学中讨论的衔接与连贯及其翻译，也可以讨论他们在英语和汉语中的差别入手，进一步讨论他们在翻译中的处理，主位、述位的推进极其在翻译中的体现。英语汉语对比及其翻译策略等等。3、翻译与语文学。主要从艺术的角度讨论文学翻译中的问题。4、应用翻译：主要从特殊用途英语如商务英语、科技英语、旅游英语等方面讨论在这些特殊领域中涉及的翻译问题如何处理。如旅游宣传资料的翻译等。5、译文对比：可以是同一篇文章、同一本书，不同的译者在同以时期或不同时期进行的翻译做的对比，也可以是同一个译者对同一篇文章或书在不同时期的翻译的对比；可以是翻译技巧等微观层面的对比，也可以是宏观曾面的对比，以探索为什么在不同时期译者回采取不同的策略，有哪些社会的、文化的、政治的、意识形态的原因？6、翻译及评论：首先选择一篇长文，一般是文学作品且没有人翻译过，进行翻译，翻译完后，从上述五个方面选择一个理论视角对自己的翻译进行评论。7、译者风格。8、翻译与美学。二、选题方法：上述各个方面均可写出几本甚至几十本专著，因此大家从上述方面可以选出一个写作的范围。缩小选题范围：首先是广泛浏览上述各有关方面翻译研究资料，以确定自己对哪方面感兴趣且有话可说，这是缩小范围的第一步。然后在自己感兴趣的范围内，浏览资料，做笔记，把有关资料的名称、作者、出版信息及重要观点和内容等资料记录下来，以便进一步缩小范围，形成初步的论文研究方向，然后在仔细浏览阅读这个研究方向资料，并作好相关笔记，为形成论文的观点打下基础，以确定初步的论文题目。三、选题资料来源：1、图书馆的藏书（有关翻译的图书在南区图书馆三楼、杂志包括现刊和过刊）。2、图书馆提供的电子数据库，如中国电子期刊全文数据库（CNKI），万方数据库。3、图书馆所藏的《全国报刊索引》上面记载了每年各个报刊杂志中主要的和重要的文章，这里主要指其中的语言文字类及英语类中的有关翻译的文章索引。该索引可以帮助我们了解在哪里可以找到所需的资料。4、常见杂志：《中国翻译》《中国科技翻译》《上海翻译》；《外国语》《外语教学与研究〈外语与外语教学〉〈外语教学〉〈外语研究〉〈解放军外国语学院学报〉〈外语学刊〉〈四川外语学院学报〉〈天津外国语学院学报〉〈山东外语教学〉，以及各综合性大学学报。2010-4-12 18:59 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝2楼1.关于幽默在翻译中的缺失2.关于广告、公示语的翻译3.关于儿童文学的翻译4.关于商品说明书的翻译文章来源：原文链接： 19:01 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝3楼1． 谈英语谚语的翻译 2． 谈英语幽默的翻译 3． 英语汉译技巧初探 4． 地方名胜古迹汉译英 5． 翻译中常见错误分析 6． 中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响 7． 会话含义的推导与翻译 8． 词汇的文化内涵与翻译 9． 语境在翻译中的作用 10．翻译技巧探索 11．商标词翻译 12．广告语言的翻译 13．论英汉互译中的语义等值问题 14．英汉文化差异对翻译的影响 15．英汉谚语的理解和翻译 16．浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译 17．中西文化差异与翻译障碍 18．英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译 19．英语意义否定表现法及其汉译 20．浅谈新闻标题的翻译2010-4-12 19:02 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝4楼一些用于翻译方向英语论文的参考文献本文分析了高校本科英语专业翻译方向课程体系的现状,指出现有课程体系存在的弊端,并提出了相应的调整对策。关键词:英 英语论文 摘要:专业课程体系能反映选择该附录1提供了三个方向的部分参考选题，考生可从中选择，也可根据自己的实际情况 并具有从事英语或商务英语翻译工作或实际工作的初步能力毕业论文应在老师指下由论文,英语,下载,毕业论文英语论文网首页>国内英语考试>英语论文题目>英语翻译论文题目 英语翻译方向论文题目论文作者：佚名论文属性：essay登出时间：2010-01-06编辑文档下载详细资料 更多附件5:外语系2004级翻译英语方向毕业论文选题方向参文档用文档搜索王!附件5:外语系2004级翻译英语方向毕业论文选题方向参考以下是些英语论文,你可以参考下:)~~ 英语毕业论文 英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~ 19:02 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝5楼功能对等的角度论英语习语翻译法律语言特征和法律语言翻译英汉模糊语言对比研究及其翻译翻译中的语境因素分析导游词翻译中的跨文化意识涉外商函的特点及其翻译2010-4-12 19:04 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝6楼The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation体育英语的特点及翻译 翻译The Semantic Contrast of Color Words between English and Chinese and their Translation中英颜色词的语义对比及翻译 翻译Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English汉语叠词及其英译 翻译Brand Translation商标翻译 翻译On Translating Methods of Numerals between Chinese and English中英数字的翻译方法 翻译Literal and Free Translation in the Translation of Advertisement Headlines and Slogans广告用语的直译和意译 翻译On the Translation of Chinese Trade Mark into English中文商标的英译 翻译Culture Differences and Translation文化差异和翻译 翻译Charactecistics and Translation of Adventisement广告英语的特征及其翻译 翻译Principles and Methods on Brand-Translation商标翻译的原则和方法 翻译The Study on Features of Advertising and its Translation 广告语的点及其翻译 翻译Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应 翻译A Study on the Translation of Movie Titles电影片名的翻译 翻译On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation动物俚语文化含义与翻译 翻译The Translation of Color Terms试论颜色词的翻译 翻译A comparative Study of the Old Man and the Sea---Concerning the Perfection in Literary Translation《老人与海》译文比较－谈影响文学翻译完美性的因素 翻译On the Translation of Advertisement ――From the Perspective Of Functionalist Theory从功能派理论角度看广告翻译 翻译Influence of Cultural Differences on Translation of Idioms文化差异与习语翻译 翻译Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译 翻译The Subject and Topic in Chinese-English Translation Shift汉译英中的主位与话题 翻译The Loss of Affective Meaning in Translation ―from the Perspective of Cultural Differences从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失 翻译2010-4-12 19:05 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝7楼On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在 翻译Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective从功能翻译角度看归化与异化 翻译On Translation of Idioms论习语的翻译 翻译Translation of Chinese Receipts and the Differences of Cookery Culture between Chinese and English-speaking Countries中餐菜谱的英译及中西饮食文化差异 翻译On the Untranslatability due to Cultural Differences不可译现象在中英文化差异中的体现 翻译Extra-linguistic Context and Translation非语言语境与翻译 翻译Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语对比与翻译 翻译On Translation of Chinese and English Idioms from Cultural Perceptives从文化的角度谈英汉习语的翻译 翻译Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms And Translation中英文习语翻译中的文化差异比较 翻译Impact of Culture Differences on Brand Translation of Trademarks 文化差异对商标翻译的影响 翻译Cultural Context and The Translation of Metaphors文化语境和隐喻的翻译 翻译Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换 翻译Foreignizing and Domesticating strategies in Cross-cultural Translation 跨文化翻译中的异化与归化策略 翻译A Study of the Chinese-English Translation of Trademarks 浅谈商标的汉英翻译 翻译How To deal with culture-loaded words in idioms translation习语翻译中文化词的处理 翻译Cultural Connotation and Translation for Color Words颜色词的文化内涵与翻译 翻译The Translation of English Loanwords into Chinese英语外来词汉化的基本途径 翻译When in Rome do as the Romans do——On translation of Chinese trademarks into English入乡随俗——论中文商标的英译 翻译Cultural differences and Translation between Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语的文化差异与翻译 翻译Foreignization In Translation in the 21st in China21世纪中国的异化翻译 翻译The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化 翻译Basic Strategy for Advertisement Translation-Target-language Oriented Strategy广告翻译的基本策略－－以目的语言为取向的翻译策略 翻译2010-4-12 19:06 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝8楼Lexical Rhetorical Devices in English-Chinese Translation英汉翻译中的词义修辞格 翻译The Criteria of the Translation of Computer English计算机英语的翻译标准 翻译Comprehension: A Very Important Part of Translation理解：翻译中不可或缺的一部分 翻译The Translation of the Brand Name商标名称的翻译 翻译Strategies for Translationg English Slang into Chinese英语俚语汉译的技巧 翻译Cultural Factors in the Translation of Poems诗歌翻译中的文化因素 翻译Cultural Differences and the Translation of Brand Names文化差异与商标翻译 翻译Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异和不可译性 翻译Cultural Differences and Vocabulary Translation文化差异及词汇翻译 翻译The Application of Fuzziness in the Translation翻译中的模糊语现象 翻译Translator as Artist -Translator's Individuality in Literary Translation译者作为一位艺术家--论文学翻译中的译者个性 翻译The Translation of Movie Titles电影名的翻译 翻译Translating the English Verbs into Chinese 英 语 动 词 的 汉 译 翻译Colour Words and the Translation颜色词及其翻译 翻译Domestication and Foreignizationin The Book of Songs诗经翻译的归化和异化 翻译Cultural Comparison and Idioms Translation文化对比与习语的翻译 翻译Social-cultural Context and the Translator’s Choice of Words ——A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre社会文化背景和译者的选词——对简爱两种译本的比较 翻译The Effect That Non-linguistic Context Has on Translation非语言语境在翻译中的作用 翻译Cultural Gaps between English and ChineseIdioms and Their Translation英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译 翻译Words Translation between Different Cultures不同文化中词汇的翻译 翻译On Cultural Differences and Idiom Translation文化差异与习语翻译 翻译On Translation of English Trademarks Into Chinese----On Beauty In Sense Sound And Form浅谈英文商标的汉译－－意美、音美、形美 翻译Some of the Ways to Idiom Translation 习语翻译法 翻译Paralanguage and Literature Translation -With Reflections on the Version of Dream of Red Mansions副语言与文学翻译－－对《红楼梦》译本的思考 翻译Methods of Translating Color Words Based on Cultural Differences between Chinese and English 翻译Culture-gap Words and the Translation文化空缺词及其翻译 翻译Understanding-the Key to Translation理解是翻译的关键 翻译A Brief Talk about Two Approaches to the Translation of Metaphor浅谈隐喻翻译的两种方法 翻译A Glimpse of English Film Title Translation英语电影名翻译一瞥 翻译Social-cultural Differences and the Translator’s Choice of Words社会文化差异与译者的选词 翻译The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Culture文化翻译中归化与异化的应用 翻译Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异与不可译性 翻译The Context in Relation to Translation语境与翻译 翻译Female and Translation女性与翻译 翻译Effects of Difference between the Chinese and Western Cultures on Translation中西文化差异对于翻译的影响 翻译The Cultural Differences and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms英汉习语的文化差异与翻译 翻译Cultural Gaps and Translation Limitation文化差异与翻译局限 翻译The Approaches to Proverb Translation in Cultural Context从文化语境谈谚语翻译 翻译Allusion Translation in Song Poems宋词典故的翻译 翻译Blind Spots in English Proverbs Translation英谚汉译中的盲点的探讨 翻译Advertisement Translation广告翻译 翻译Differences Between Chinese Headline and English Headline aswell as Their Translation论中英文新闻标题的差异与翻译 翻译On the Mistranslation of Idioms习语的误译 翻译
情景美文在思品教学中加以应用,能更有效地实现情感态度价值观目标。我精心收集了关于经典英语美文带翻译，供大家欣赏学习!
The courage of life is often a less dramatic spectacle than the courage of a final moment; but it is no lessa magnificent mixture of triumph and tragedy. A man does what he must in spite of personal consequences，in spite of obstacles and dangers and pressures and that is the basis of all human morality.
To be courageous…requires no exceptional qualifications，no magic formula，no special combination of time，place and circumstance.It is an opportunity that sooner or later is presented to us all. Politics merely furnishes one arena which imposes special tests of courage.In whatever arena of life one may meet the challengeof courage，whatever may be the sacrifices he faces if he follows his conscience，the loss of his friends，his fortune，his contentment， even the esteem of his fellow men，each man must decide for himself the course he will follow. The stories of past courage can define that ingredient，they can teach，they can offer hope，they can provide inspiration.But they cannot supply courage itself. For this each man must look into his own soul.
If I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong ora clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and allknowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I amnothing. If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, butdo not have love, I gain nothing.
Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. It does notinsist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, butrejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
Love never ends. But as for prophecies, they will come to an end; as for tongues, they willcease; as for knowledge, it will come to an end. For we know only in part, and we prophesyonly in part; but when the complete comes, the partial will come to an end. When I was a child,I thought like a child; when I became and adult, I put an end to childish ways. For now we see inmirror, dimly, but then we will see face to face. Now I know only in part; then I will know fully,even as I have been fully known. And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and thegreatest of these is love.
Now as to the matter of lying. You want to be very careful about lying, otherwise you are nearlysure to get caught, once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the pure and the good,what you were before.Many a young person has injured himself permenently throuth a singleclumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Someauthorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That, of course, is putting it ratherstronger than necessary. Still, while I can't go quite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe Iam right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice andexperience shall give them that confidence, elegance, precision which alone make theaccomplishment graceful and profitable. Patience, diligence, painstaking attention to detail- these are the requirments. These, in time ,will make the student perfect. Upon these, andupon these only, mayhe rely as the sure foundation for future eminence.
Think what tedious years of study, thought, practice, and experience ,went to the equipmentof the peerless old master who was able to impose upon the whole world with the lofty andsounding maxim that "Truth is mighty and will prevail."- The most majestic compoundfeature of fact which any of woman born has yet achieved.
For the history of our race and every individual's experience, are sown thick with evidence thata truth is not hard to kill and that a lie told well is immortal. There is in Bostain a monument ofthe man who discover the anesthesia. Many people are aware, in these later days, that he didn'tdiscover it at all, but stole the discovery from another man. Is the truth mighty, and will itprevail? No, My hearers, the monument is made of hard materials, but the lie it tells will outlasta millon years. An awkward, feeble, leaky lie is a thing which you ought to make it yourunceasing study to avoid. Why, you might as well tell the truth at once and be done with it.
中国学生主要通过英语课和阅读学习英语。阅读是提高学生外语学习兴趣、积累语言知识、提高学生外语学习能力的重要途径。我精心收集了精美英语短文摘抄带翻译，供大家欣赏学习!
Today, it is worth celebrating this festival. On Christmas day, of course, we can not live without Santa Claus and Christmas presents. I think Christmas is a holiday for children. Today, children will "carnival". They will go out to travel, to play.
I like Christmas hat, it is red. Every Christmas will be present in it. There is also a stealth, of course, is happy. Only today happy, can be blessed.
Today, I want to receive a Christmas gift, of course, is a teddy bear and a Santa Claus, I like it very much. This desire, I realized. Mother bought me. She saw through my heart.
I also want to send each of children welfare orphanage a Santa, but it can only be achieved after I grow up.
This afternoon, we went to the supermarket. The door had the Santa Claus in candy, of course, is that people play. Go to the supermarket, there is a high Christmas tree, hung above the bells, a flash, etc. With card, of course, is a blessing to people.
Is worth celebrating this day, Christmas day is to cheer!
今天，是大家值得欢庆的节日。圣诞节当然不能没有圣诞老人和圣诞礼物。我觉得圣诞节是孩子的节日。在今天，孩子会“狂欢”。他们会出去旅游，去玩。
我喜欢圣诞帽，它是红色的。每到圣诞节里面都会有礼物。当然也有隐身的，就是快乐。只有今天高兴，就能会受到祝福。
今天，我想收到一份圣诞礼物，当然是一个熊宝宝和一个圣诞老人了，我非常喜欢。这个愿望，我实现了。是妈妈给我买的。她看透了我的心。
我也想送给福利院里的儿童每人一个圣诞老人，可这件事只能我长大后才能实现。
今天下午，我们去中百超市。门口居然有圣诞老人在分发糖果，当然那是人扮的。走进超市，有一棵很高的圣诞树，上面挂满了铃铛、有闪灯等。上面还有贺卡，当然是对人们的一种祝福。
圣诞节是值得欢庆的日子，是值得欢呼的日子!
I like green, because I see green you can think of the endless prairie, here in the green grass was full of all kinds of flowers, beautiful! Standing on the grassland, looked up to see blue sky, there are tens of thousands of white clouds in the sky, like a lovely cotton candy, cows and sheep are grazing grassland, there are horses in the running on the grass.
Green represents health, make people for life is full of vitality and hope. Rose up in the morning, looking at the distant green, eyes will become more bright; Green grass will make cows and sheep have become more strong. The green grass and trees, flowers, can make the air more fresh; Dense forest to animals brought a beautiful and happy home; From a distance, a rolling tall green mountain, budao edge of the mountain is linked together with day, like a picture.
Green is the standard of health, green can beautify the environment, we should jointly building a green, green protection, protect the environment. Let the world become more beautiful.
我喜欢绿色，因为我看到绿色就能想起一望无际的大草原，在那绿油油的草地上开满了各式各样的鲜花，美丽极了!站在草原上，一抬头就能看见蓝蓝的天，天空上有成千上万朵白云，像一个个可爱的棉花糖，草原上有牛儿、羊儿在吃草，有马儿在在草地上奔跑。
绿色代表健康，使人们对生活充满了活力和希望。早晨起来，望着远处的绿色，眼睛会变得更加明亮;绿油油的小草会让牛儿、羊儿变得更加强壮;绿色的小草和树木、鲜花可以让空气变得更新鲜;茂密的森林给动物带来了美丽而幸福的家园;从远处看，一片连绵起伏高大的绿山，望不到边，这些山与天相连，犹如一幅图画。
绿色是健康的标准，绿色能美化环境，我们大家要共同建设绿色，保护绿色，保护环境。让世界变得更加美丽。
Everyone has the responsibility of protecting the environment, the environment to our life have a close relationship, throw rubbish casually, spitting, throw waste batteries, these small things will pollute the environment.
Usually it is not hard to see on the way people throwing rubbish and spitting everywhere. They throw a garbage, face is the feeling of guilt, they don't know a group of waste paper, throwing a plastic packaging will pollute the environment; They don't know what cleaners are, how much effort to clean the ground, was one of their small garbage. They don't know what they unconsciously spit out phlegm can make a lot of people have a cold, and those people don't know, is the ground of sputum for their disease. Now everyone knows the forest area is greatly reduced, yeah! That is so disorderly cut down trees, people killed animals living environment. Without the protection of the forest will make dust storms ruined city, dust storms have left many people were killed. The usual thick forest became desolate desert.
Although there are a lot of people pollute the environment, but also have to protect the environment.
Since the people began to advocate environmental protection, green. Our schools are beginning to have a batch of volunteers, small to primary school, to university. The middle-aged and elderly people also have to attend. They protect the environment, advocate environmental protection shopping bags, don't use plastic bags, because he is hard to break down; Don't throw battery anywhere, please put them in the village of professional recycling station; Don't open car, please try to walk or by bus. Leading everyone doesn't want to cut down a tree, they take the lead in planting trees, make the air more pure and fresh, to build forest construction of animal house. The leadership don't spit, they clean the ground, let us live in a clean, comfortable environment. They believe that their homes will be more beautiful.
"Everyone needs to help protect the environment," from now on, from now on, let us act, environmental protection, environmental protection, make the city more beautiful tomorrow.
每个人的身上都有保护环境的责任，这对我们的生活环境有着密切的关系，随便扔垃圾，随地吐痰，扔废电池，这些不起眼的小事都会污染环境。
平时我们不难在路上看见随地扔垃圾和随地吐痰的人们。他们扔一个垃圾，脸上毫无愧疚之感，他们不知道扔一个废纸团，扔个塑料包装都会污染环境;他们不知道清洁工们费了多大力气所清洁的地面，就被他们的一个小垃圾所破坏。他们不知道他们无意中吐出的痰会使很多人得上感冒，而那些的病的人也不知道，是地上的痰所让他们的病。大家都知道现在森林面积大幅度减少，对啊!那都是人们乱砍伐树木惹得祸，使得动物没有生活环境所死亡。没有森林的保护也会使得沙尘暴破坏城市，沙尘暴使得许多人们丧生。使往常茂密的森林变成了荒凉的沙漠。
虽然有很多人污染环境，可也有保护环境的人们。
自从人们开始提倡环保，绿色。我们的各个学校都开始有一批批的志愿者队伍，小到小学，大到大学。连中年人，老年人也有参加。他们保护环境，提倡用环保购物袋，不用塑料袋，因为他难以分解;不要随地扔电池，请把他们放入小区专业的回收站;不要多开汽车，请尽量步行或乘公交车。领导大家不要私自砍树他们，他们带头种树，使空气更加清新，重新建造森林建造动物的家。领导大家不要随地吐痰，他们清洁地面，让我们生活在一个干净，舒适的环境下。他们坚信家园会更美好。
“保护环境，人人有责”从现在起，从现在开始，让我们行动起来，环保，保护环境，使城市的明天更加美好。
学习英语可以是一个枯燥的过程，也可以是一个有趣的过程。我在此献上经典英语美文，希望对大家喜欢。
双语美文：愿得一人心，白首不分离
One warm evening many years ago…
犹记得多年前，那个让人暖心的夜晚
After spending nearly every waking minute with Angel for eight straight days, I knew that I had to tell her just one thing. So late at night, just before she fell asleep, I whispered it in her ear. She smiled – the kind of smile that makes me smile back – and she said, “When I’m seventy-five and I think about my life and what it was like to be young, I hope that I can remember this very moment.
”整整8天除了睡着其余的时间我都陪着安吉尔，酝酿已久，我想我一定要告诉她一件事。于是这天夜里，就在她刚刚睡下，我便在她耳边轻声说起来，说完她就笑了，是那种希望得到我回应的笑，接着说道：“真希望我老到75岁的时候，开始回忆，这一刻须臾会变成永恒。”
A few seconds later she closed her eyes and fell asleep. The room was peaceful – almost silent. All I could hear was the soft purr of her breathing. I stayed awake thinking about the time we’d spent together and all the choices in our lives that made this moment possible. And at some point, I realized that it didn’t matter what we’d done or where we’d gone. Nor did the future hold any significance.
很快她就闭上眼睛睡着了，整个房间祥和安静，甚至有些寂静。耳畔起伏着安吉尔轻柔的呼吸声，我清醒的回忆我们共度的这些美好时光，是冥冥之中的选择成就了我们在一起的时刻。我们做过什么，去过哪里都不重要，甚至未来也不重要。
All that mattered was the serenity of the moment.
眼下最重要的就是此刻的和谐安宁。
Just being with her and breathing with her.
只要能与她同呼吸共命运，便别无所求。
The moral: We must not allow the clock, the calendar, and external pressures to rule our lives and blind us to the fact that each individual moment of our lives is a beautiful mystery and a miracle – especially those moments we spend in the presence of a loved one.
启示：时间、日常事务、以及其他的外部压力都不能左右和束缚我们的生活，因为每个人，尤其是与心爱之人一起度过的美好时光，才是我们生命中最让人心驰神往，美妙动人的追寻。
双语美文：在逆境中学到了人生最重要的一课
Everybody has to face bad days in their life. Some face ailments, some face fears, some face poverty, some face helplessness etc etc. No one can escape from it. It is a rule of life. Two things always combines together like joy and sadness, laugh and cry, health and illness, profit and loss, morning and night, confidence and inferiority complex, victory and failure likewise good days and bad days.
每个人都会有不如意的时候，有人身体欠佳，有人面临恐惧，有人贫困不堪，有人迷惘无助，等等，没有人能够一帆风顺，直至终老。如影随形，此消彼长的事物，比如，高兴与悲伤，欢笑与哭泣，健康与疾病，获得与失去，早晨和晚上，自信与自卑，成功与失败，顺境和逆境也是如此。
You know what is the biggest advantage of bad days? You come to know GOD. What is God? What he can do? He is so friendly, understanding, loving and moreover God is the Superman he can do anything in a second. Yes true he can do anything. He is the only light in darkness. God is so merciful he always forgives and never complaint whether you ignore him many times that is why according to me God is the only best and faithful friend who never cheats.
你知道不顺的日子带给你最大的感悟是什么?就是你开始信奉神明。上帝是谁?他能够帮我做些什么?他是那么的亲切和蔼，善解人意，胸怀广博，不仅如此他就像超人瞬间排除一切障碍。是的上帝无所不能，他是黑暗中的一丝曙光。之所以上帝是人类完美的朋友，是因为他是如此坦诚布公，慈悲为怀，予取予求，不图回报，原谅世人的无数次薄情。
When bad days come a person first of all cannot understand what is going on, why me? But after sometimes he realises his strength and start doing every single thing to come out of it. And he comes out but that journey is though very painful but when you once crossed it you will find your journey very meaningful, you will feel like as your rebirth. You have totally changed your thoughts, your perception, and you can understand life better. You get the meaning of your life. In short you start becoming wise.
当不幸降临，一开始我们总会怨天尤人。但是为了摆脱困境，我们竭尽所能。当一切过去，回头来看，这段经历对你来说非比寻常，如同凤凰涅槃。而且你的思想观念都会发生翻天覆地的变化，对人生也会有更加深刻的领悟，简而言之，你会变得更加睿智。
The biggest lesson of life during bad days according to me is that a person becomes spritual and a giver which he wasn't before. Life means to creat it. First think what you want in your life then start giving the same think. This is one of the most important thing I have learnt in my life. You want love then start spreading it, you want money then start giving to needy, you want happiness then start doing all things which give happiness. Everything is in your hand you only need to give first. If don't have everything then give or share what you have. Still you feel you have nothing to share then give smile. You can't imagine that your smile can do wonder for someone. So start smiling from today onwards.
逆境给我最深的领悟是，变得更加注重精神层面，懂得给予。生命的真谛在于，遵循你的内心先去履行赋予它的意义，这是我的感悟。比如，你想要得到爱你先要懂得如何传播爱，你想要钱，你先要懂得施舍，你想要快乐，那就先做让别人快乐的事情。你想要得到就必须先付出。如果你一无所有，那么你至少可以面对他人，面带微笑。微笑的魔力超乎想象，那让我们从今天开始就坚持面带微笑吧。
The most beautiful lesson I have learnt in my life is that If you are in pain then remember one thing: time is though hard but it would be the best time of your life. You know why we have to face hard days? Did you think about it? No!!!! Ok I will tell you. We always forget two unforgettable things. First is God and second is family. Nowadays money is everything. Money is important, in fact very important but it is not a life so why to spend whole life in earning money. When will we live? What you can do now you can't do it tomorrow so don't let the day pass without enjoying.
逆境中让我感到的最美好的是，体会到上帝和家庭的重要性，这两样东西是我们平常最容易忽略的。每日碌碌只为功名利禄，钱财物质固然重要，但不是生活的唯一，活在当下，感受生活的美好安逸，不要让这些轻易的溜走。
One thing I must share with you is that if you want to grow and learn more than you know, then do whatever you want to do but beyond your comfort zone. Always try to think that I can, then nothing is impossible for you. Difficulty is in the mind not in work.You know one thing when we accept life as it comes or we accept that everything happens for a reason or for our betterment. Believe me you will find your hard days as an adventure but you need to trust God and at the end you will find yourself a winner.
如果你们想要很好的学习成长，那么我倒有条建议，就是在你们的舒适区之外尝试任何你们想做的事情。困难只是心魔，克服它便没有什么可以阻挡你。坦然面对并接受人生的起落，不管是什么原因，亦或是让我们成为很好的自己。我保证当你回忆起这段不顺，你会发现就像经历了一场冒险，但你依然要相信上苍，最后你会发现，你自己也能成为救世主。
I hope you like it. Love you all and God bless you all with healthy wealthy long life and good destiny.
希望你们喜欢这篇鸡汤文。爱你们，上帝保佑你们都长命百岁，平顺喜乐。
美文欣赏：没有颜值又如何?同样能有精彩的活法
When I was seven years old, I would put my school book bag on both my shoulders and had it sit plumb in the middle of my back, as backpacks were made to do.
在我七岁那年，我会用双肩背书包，让它处在我背部的正中央，感觉双肩包就应该这么背。
One morning, when it was so frigid outside you could barely muster getting out of bed, my older brother joined me at the bus stop, and told me I was wearing my backpack wrong. He grabbed it, tossed it over my right shoulder with both straps on the same side and said, “There, that’s better.”
某天早晨，外面寒风萧瑟，冷到你根本不想起床，我的哥哥跟我一同在车站等车，他告诉我我的双肩包背错了。他一把抓过来，将书包和两侧的背带甩至我的右肩，然后说“看，这就好多了。”
Then he said, “You’re not pretty, so you have to try harder. OK?”
然后他说，“你不漂亮，所以你要更加努力，明白吗?”
I stayed smiling because even at a young age, I understood the importance of pretending to not have emotions. In my household, it was a matter of survival. But what he said crushed me.
我的笑容凝固了，因为即便在青少年时期，我也知道假装不露声色的重要性。在我家里，这是一种生存技能。但是他说的让我感到崩塌。
Soon thereafter, I started picking up on the signs one receives when they aren’t attractive. This was made more complicated because I had a lot of friends and people who, for the most part, liked me. I was good at sports. I had various musical talents and up until life completely fell apart at home, I was a good student. I was also a fighter so people didn’t dare make fun of me overtly, at least before growth spurts kicked in and the playing field was still even.
此后，我开始关注人们对于低颜值人的反应。这可是比较浩大的工程，因为我有许多朋友和家人，他们大部分时候还是挺喜欢我的。我擅长体育，具有各式的音乐天赋，而且直到我的家庭生活彻底支离破碎前，我也是个好学生。我同时也很好强，所以人们不太敢公然地开我玩笑。至少，在发育高峰之前，生活还是比较公平的。
Mostly, I paid for not being conventionally attractive by being ignored or not included in “moments” – the many moments attractive people experience.
很多时候，我因为没有高颜值而被人忽略或无法经历“某些时刻”——那些具有高颜值的人所经历的时刻。
Many times, I walked into a room with all of my friends and witnessed them receiving compliments – everyone except me. It’s not that people look at you say, “My god, you’re incredibly ugly. Tell me, how do you not kill yourself?” It’s how you can stand next to an attractive person and the people around you, even the unattractive ones themselves, will say, “Wow, your friend is pretty. Look at her, have you ever seen a girl so pretty?”
不知多少次我和我朋友一起走进教室然后看着她们接受别人的赞美，除了我之外每个人都有。也并非人们看着你说“天哪，你真是丑啊，你为什么还活着呢?”，而是你站在美女或帅哥旁边，人们围着你，甚至毫不起眼的人他们都会说“噢，你的朋友真漂亮。看看她，还有谁能美过她呢?”
It took me being observant and honest to see I didn’t belong. It took studying the aesthetics in photos taken by my friends and knowing something wasn’t quite right. It’s a lack of pride you know would be there if you were just prettier, or sexier. It’s that you simply know that no matter what you do, sans literal plastic surgery, you will never belong to a certain club.
我善于察言观色，而且很诚实，所以我知道我注定不合主流。我仔细研究我朋友照片中的美学，然后发现某些东西并非是真理。如果你仅仅是姿色更上一层或性感尤物，你却缺乏油然而生的自豪感。你明白无论你怎改变，除非整形，你永远不会属于高颜值的团体。
But here is where I throw you a curve ball: my being unattractive hasn’t stopped me from living the other side’s life. Most people never figure out how to navigate this world I live in. I will just tell you I rejected the rules of the beautiful, and learned how to make them work for me.
但是现在我给你一剂药方：我的不出众的相貌并不能阻止我拥有自己的生活。许多人在处于和我一样的境地时都不知道如何掌控他们自己的方向。我想告诉你的是：我打破了颜值定律并让他们变得有利于自己。
I decided I would shoot out of my league. I made friends and dated people I shouldn’t be allowed to date. I stepped over the line. I surrounded myself with individuals who are more educated, prettier or smarter than me, even in the face of people saying, quite literally, “they are out of your league.”
我决定扩展我的圈子，我和以前觉得不能交朋友的人交朋友，和以前觉得不能约的人约会。我越过了那条线，周围全是比我更有学识、更漂亮的人，甚至人们告诉我，非常实事求是的说“他们可不是你圈子里的人啊”。
I may not technically be the smartest or most beautiful person, but I run with those who are. I become by association, even a touch of such, even at a lower rank – beautiful. I buck the system.
我也许不会是最聪明最漂亮的人，但是我和这些人一同奋斗，哪怕仅有一点点提升，哪怕仍然没那么漂亮，我踢爆了这个固有的规则。
To do so, yes, means you may be painfully aware of what you are and will never be. You will be defined by what you have the nerve to aim at being. In doing so, you will challenge and question what smart is. You will not be generic, or predictable. Attractive is only what we define it to be. Don’t pigeonhole yourself so quickly. Live the life you want to live – even if you didn’t win the genetic lottery.
是的，这样做你也许会痛苦的发现自己的真想并再也不可能成为“漂亮”的人。你前进的目标将定义你自己。如此一来，你会挑战和质疑“聪慧”。你将成为个例或非等闲之辈。美丽仅仅是我们给的定义。别那么快的给自己归类，即使你没有天赋，也要活出自己的精彩。
随着经济全球化发展,英语在全球范围内被广泛使用,成为国际通用语, 具有国际化。但是随着英语在世界各地的使用, 不可避免地受到当地文化的影响,英语又具有本土化。我精心收集了经典英语小短文带翻译，供大家欣赏学习! 经典英语小短文带翻译：良好的生活态度 A Good Life Attitude Life is posed of plex things and emotions, but sometimes a good life attitude can change a lot, showing a different world for everyone. We all know that taking the college entrance examination is one of the most important things for a person’s whole life. Of course, high school students will under great pressure. So, how to treat it properly before and after the exam is very important. My opinions are as following. 生活有各种复杂的事情以及情感构造而成，然而有时候良好的生活态度可以有很大的改变，为我们展示了一个不一样的世界。众所周知参加高考是每个人一生中最重要的事情之一。当然，高中生肯定得承受很大的压力。所以，如何在考前以及考后看待这个考试是很重要的。我的观点如下。 First of all, keeping a good life attitude is helpful for college entrance exam. As everyone regards it as so important and students themselves also put so much effort on it, they are surely stressful when it is ing. Some cannot fall asleep, some cannot think, and some cannot memorize things well because they are too nervous. As a result, they may not perform well in the exam. However, if they can keep a usual mind, they maybe at their best to get a good mark. 首先，保持良好的生活态度有助于高考。因为每个人都把高考看得那么重要，而且学生本身也为此付出了很大努力，当高考即将来临时他们肯定会压力山大。由于过于紧张，有人会失眠，有人会脑子一片空白，还有人会记不住知识。所以，他们在考试中可能会表现失常。但是，如果他们可以保持良好的生活态度，他们就有可能处他们最好的状态，从而取得好成绩。 In addition, after the high school entrance examination, keeping a good lift attitude is very important. Having experienced so stressful study for a long time, some students start to indulge themselves. Some may be very lazy and some may do some crazy things to relax. However, it turns out that their behavior will ruin themselves at last. If they have a good life attitude, they would relax themselves in a proper way not excessive. 而且，高考之后保持良好的心态也是很重要的。在长期经历高压学习后，有些学生会开始堕落。有些可能会很懒，或者做一些疯狂的事来放松自我。然而，他们的这些行为最终有可能会毁了他们。如果他们能保持良好的生活态度，他们就会正确的放松而不是过度。 In a word, keeping a good life attitude is significant and helpful in everyone’s whole life. 总之，保持良好的生活态度在每个人的一生中都是很重要，也是很有帮助的。 经典英语小短文带翻译：旅游景点的保护和拯救 Protection and Rescue of Tourist Attractions Over the past decades, we have seen a conspicuously soaring number of international tourists visiting a diversity of tourist attractions. At the same time, I am despondent to discover that the positions of cultural heritages and natural attractions are jeopardized severely. 在过去的几十年间，我们已经可以看到参观各种各样旅游景点的旅客数目显著地急剧增长。与此同时，我很伤心的看到文化遗产和自然景区正遭受着严重的损害。 According to a recent report conducted by Thames, the well-known vacation resort-- Mediterranean is getting close to a toilet, posing a disastrous hazard of getting infected by bacteria to visitors who swim in the sea. What’s more deleterious, the famous fresco and sculptures in Sistine Cathedral located in Vatican was eroded and rotten by heat emitted from visitors. Apart from that, pared with the number that 14 people went down the Colorado River in USA twenty years ago, the present visitors aggregate to over one thousand, making the river much more congested. 根据泰晤士报最新的资料，妇孺皆知的度假胜地-地中海正在变成像是一个无法冲水的马桶，因为它使得在其中游泳的旅客有被细菌感染的威胁。更加严重的是，梵蒂冈大教堂中著名的壁画和雕塑正在被游客散发出的热量所腐蚀。除此之外，20年前美国的科罗拉多河上每天只有14个人顺流而下，相比之下如今这一资料已经超过了一千，使得科罗拉多河变得极其拥挤。 It is high time that we should place some regulations to protect tourist attractions. The primary proposal came up in my mind is that, local government should carry out more rigid laws banning mi *** ehavior in tourist attractions such as doodling and spitting arbitrarily. In the second place, it is undeniable that restriction on the number of tourists can make a difference. Keeping the flow of visitors under control will undoubtedly exert beneficial influence on cultural heritages such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. 现在真的是我们应当出台保护旅游景点管理条例的时候了。我脑中浮现的第一个解决措施就是让当地的 *** 出台更加严格的法律条例来惩治旅游景点内旅客的品行不端，如随手涂鸦和随地吐痰。第二，可以肯定的说限制旅客数量也会产生重大意义。保持旅客数量在控制范围之内必然会对诸如紫禁城，长城这类文化遗产祈祷好的影响。 Last but not least, the rising awareness of acting morally is also a necessity. Only with more citizens attaching crucial significance to the living condition of tourist attractions can we solve this conundrum from its foundation. 最后但不是最次要的一点是人们增强文明表现的意识也必不可少。只有当更多的公民能重视旅游景点的现状，我们才能真正从根本上解决这一问题。 经典英语小短文带翻译：Preparing For A Perfect Journey 为完美旅程做准备 Beautiful landscapes, exotic cultures and a relaxing time all contribute to the perfect journey. Journey can bring us much happiness, people all think about how wonderful their journey will be, but the preparation is also a fun part of one’s trip. 美丽的风景，异国情调的文化和放松的时间，所有这些都是完美假期所包含的。旅途可以带给人很多乐趣，人们所能想到的就是他们的假期将会有多么的美妙，但是准备也是旅途有趣的一部分。 Liu is a college student, he went to travel to Tibet last week, “thinking about my experiences of travel, it’s the preparation beforehand that helps me a lot, I keep an enduring memory.” Liu says. We know preparation before the journey is very important, it ensures people safety, at the same time, people can have fun. What should people prepare for? 刘是一名大学生，他上周去 *** 旅游，“想到我的旅游经验，提前的准备给我带来了很大的帮助，我留下了难忘的回忆。”刘说。我们知道在旅游前做准备是很重要的，这能确保人们的安全，同时，人们可以享受乐趣。人们应该准备什么呢? People should sketch a detailed route taking into account first. They need to check out their route very clearly, so they won’t lose their way. The second is to book the hotel earlier, make sure there is available room for you when you go to the place, if people don’t do it, sometimes there will be no room left. The third is to check out the weather during your journey, to make sure it fits your journey. 人们首先应该描绘出详细的路线。他们需要检查清楚路线，这样他们就不会迷路。第二要早点订旅馆，确保当你去目的地的时候还有空余的房间，如果不这样做，有时候会没有房间。第三要看看在你旅游期间的天气，确保和你旅游期间的相符。 Preparation before journey is of importance, it decides how much fun you will share, so don’t ignore it. 旅游前的准备很重要，这决定了你快乐的程度，因此不要忽略。
写参考书的名称、作者、著作时间等，在论文的最后。
火爆推荐：如何设置论文的参考文献标注格式养成一个良好的写作习惯对您论文录用率至关重要。文章之所以要标明参考文献，是因为您文章内容中有引用他人学术成果的内容，除非您的文章完全没有引用。一篇优秀的期刊论文、会议论文或者是学位论文，其参考文献格式应符合如下要求：⑴按论文中参考文献被引用的先后次序用阿拉伯数字连续编号，将序号置于方括号内，作为上角标，并列在正文的末尾。⑵参考文献中每条项目应齐全。文献中的作者不超过三位时全部列出；超过三位时一般只列前三位，后面加“等”字或“，et al”；作者姓名之间用逗号分开；中外人名一律采用姓在前名在后的著录法。⑶参考文献类型在文献题名后用方括号加以标引，以单字母方式标志以下各种参考文献类10. 参考文献中著录格式示例①期刊[序号] 作者.题名.刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号):起页-止页②专著[序号] 作者.书名.版本(首版免注).翻译者.出版地：出版社，出版年.起页-止页③论文集[序号] 作者.题名.见(英文用In：)：主编.论文集名.出版地：出版社，出版年. 起页-止页④学位论文[序号] 作者.题名：［学位论文］(英文用［Dissertation］).保存地点：保存单位，年份⑤专利[序号] 专利申请者.题名.国别，专利文献种类，专利号.出版日期⑥技术标准[序号] 起草责任者.标准代号标准顺序号－发布年标准名称.出版地：出版社，出版年度⑦报纸文献[序号] 作者.文献题名.报纸名，出版日期（版面次序）⑧电子文献[序号] 作者.文献题名.电子文献类型标示/载体类型标示文献网址或出处，更新/引用日期11.外文参考文献的著录格式采用其文字所在国的著录格式。12.正文中的说明性注解采用随文脚注，用上标形式“①”等数字表示。13.论文的附录依次为附录1，附录2……编号。附录中的图表公式另编排序号，与正文分开
参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。
因参考文献的著录格式各刊不尽相同，投稿前作者应注意杂志稿约的有关规定，至少得先看看有关期刊发表的论文的参考文献是如何标注的，以了解有关期刊的参考文献的著录格式，以免出错。许多作者投递的稿件书写格式包括参考文献的著录格式与杂志所要求的不同。
坦率地讲，编辑和审稿专家也是人，工作中多少也有感情因素。如果拿到手中的是一篇书写格式不合要求的文章，别的暂且不论，就书写格式不规范这一条，就足以给编辑留下不好的印象，甚至让编辑做出退稿的决定。
就算最后没有被退稿，此类稿件较书写格式规范的稿件被录用的可能性大大降低。其实作者犯的是一个很低级的错误，让编辑很自然地联想到，该作者不太尊重期刊，还有期刊的编辑以及审稿专家。
因此，作者在投稿前一定要注意期刊参考文献的著录方式，以免产生不必要的负面影响。其实，并不复杂，只要稍稍留意即可。
外文书籍的中文翻译版本作参考文献，格式应该如下所示：
[1] [美]Bruce Eckel.C++编程思想[M].刘综田,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[2] [美]William Ford,等. 数据结构C++语言描述(第2版)[M].陈君,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
参考文献的作用：
1、参考文献是反映论文研究的重要科学依据，通过指出论文的观点、方法结合一些材料等，将论文中所研究的来源出处表明，可以反映其科学性。
2、可以将论文中取得的研究成果与前人的进行区别开，这不仅是对前人研究成果的尊重，而且避免了抄袭的嫌疑。
3、可以方便读者查阅资料以及进一步的研究，标准规范的参考文献可以显示该研究领域的方向和背景，有着承上启下的作用。
格式是：原作者姓，原作者名首字母(原著作出版年)。翻译之后的书名 (翻译者名首字母，翻译者姓)。出版地：出版社(翻译本出版年)。 扩展资料 很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分，将注释规定为“对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字”，列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。