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英文论文常用模板句

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英文论文常用模板句

一.用于作文开头的万能模板1、Many people insist that。

很多人(坚持)认为……这句话乍看没亮点,但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that。随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……3、A lot of people seem to think that。

很多人似乎认为……二.引出不同观点的万能模板1、People's views on。 vary from person to person. Some hold that。

. However, others believe that。.人们对……的观点因人而异。

有些人认为。..然而其他人却认为……看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。

其实,也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

乍一看,跟上句的开头神似,其实就是省略掉了"people's",不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。3、People may have different opinions on。

人们对……可能会有不同的见解。又是一个婉转的句子,展示其客观性。

4、There are different opinions among people as to。关于……人们的观点大不相同。

"different"虽拉低了水准,但"as to"又拯救了回来。5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

这句话貌似亮点不多,顶多一个"hold",但也是安全牌,容易理解。三.得出最终结论的万能模板1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally e to the conclusion that。

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……很完全的答法,"take sth into consideration"短语的应用,加分。2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably e to the conclusion that。

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better e to the conclusion that。

因此,自然我们得出以下结论。

"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧,但别平时口语中用,否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。

再特意提一句:"we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思,而是一种自然而然,水到渠成的得出结论。4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

短语"there is no doubt that"上线,同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。5、All in all, we cannot live without。

But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

这句话一般用于作文结尾,属万能句式,句式较为简单,方便操作。四.提出最终建议的万能模板1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

"It is high time" 打头,为该句增色。注:that 后跟虚拟语气,后跟动词的一般过去式,表示“是某人做。

的时候了”或者“是某人不做。

的时候了”2、It is time to take the advice of 。

and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 。该是采纳……的建议,并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。

去掉一个"high",画风完全不一样,不用过去式,只需用"to do"来替代。3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 。

毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视。"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。

4、Obviously,。. If we want to do something。

, it is essential that。显然,如果我们想做某事,我们需要……这句有些老生常谈,稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。

5、Only in this way can we。 只有这样,我们才能。

Only+倒装,经典万能句式,还能看出点水平呢。6、It must be realized that。

我们必须意识到。把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态,省略了主语,监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!五.英语四级作文预示后果万能模板1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that。

will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。"the chances are that"替代了"may",果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。

2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that。毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则很可能会……作文结尾万用句,毫无破绽。

3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。"It is urgent that"+被动,效果不错滴。

一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分:How nice to hear fromyou again.Let me tell yousomething about the activity.I'm glad to havereceived your letter of Apr. 9th.I'm pleased to hearthat you're ing to China for a visit.I'm writing to thankyou for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分:With best wishes.I'm looking forward to yourreply.I'd appreciate it if you couldreply earlier. 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分:Ladies and gentlemen, May I haveyour attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分:All the teachers and students arerequired to attend it.Please take your notebooks andmake notes.Please listen carefully and we'llhave a discussion in groups.Please e on time and don't belate. 结束语部分:Please e and join in it.Everybody is wele to attendit.I hope you'll have a nice timehere.That's all. Thank you. 三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入: 第1段:Recently we've had a discussion about whether weshould。

(导入话题)Our opinions are divided on thistopic.(观点有分歧) 正文: 第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)Here are the reasons. First。Second。

Finally。(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)Their reasons are as follows. Inthe first place。

What's more。 In addition。

(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论: 第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh thedisadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)オ2.“A或者B”类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior toB in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, Iwould prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文: 第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason isthat 。 Another reason is that。

(赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent。 (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论: 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is muchbetter than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw theconclusion that 。

(得出结论) オ3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly infavour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may belisted as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文: 第2段:First of all。 Secondly。

Besides。(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论: 第3段:In conclusion, I believe that。

(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)4."How to"类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文: 第2段: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem,but the following may be most effective. First of all。 Another way to solvethe problem is 。

Finally。(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论: 第3段:These are not the best but the only o/ three measureswe can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to。

(强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 四、图表作文写作模板The chart gives us an overallpicture of the 图表主题. The first thing wenotice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as(进一步说明).We can see from the statisticsgiven that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化, the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In thecolumn, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).Judging from these figures, wecan draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因). / It is high timethat we (发出倡议). 五、图画类写作模板:1.开头Look at this picture./The picture shows that。/Fromthis picture, we can see。

/As is shown in the picture。/As is seen in thepicture。

2.衔接句As we all know, 。/As is known to all,。

/It is wellknown that。/In my opinion,。

/As far as I am concerned,。/This sight remind *** e of something in my daily life.3.结尾句In conclusion。

/In brief。/On the whole。

/Inshort。/In a word。

/Generally speaking。/As has been stated。

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原发布者:2012houzi2012

英语六级作文万能模板及美句一、常见开头1:Itiswell-knowntousthat……(我们都知道……)==Asfara *** yknowledgeisconcerned,…(就我所知…)2:Recentlytheproblemof……ha *** eenbroughtintofocus.==Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover……(最近……问题引起了关注)3:Nowadays(overpopulation)ha *** eeaproblemwehavetoface.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)4:Interha *** eenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.Itha *** roughtalotofbenefit *** uthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)5:Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepeoplebelievethat……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……)6:Itisamonbeliefthat……==Iti *** onlybelievedthat……(人们一般认为……)二、阐述观点1:People'sviewson……varyfrompersontoperson.Someholdthat……However,other *** elievethat……(人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)2:Peoplemayhavedifferentopinionson……(人们对……可能会持有不同见解)3:Attitudestowards(drugs)varyfrompersontoperson.==Differentpeople

一.用于作文开头的万能模板1、Many people insist that。

很多人(坚持)认为…… 这句话乍看没亮点,但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that。随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……3、A lot of people seem to think that。

很多人似乎认为…… 二.引出不同观点的万能模板1、People's views on。 vary from person to person. Some hold that。

. However, others believe that。.人们对……的观点因人而异。

有些人认为。..然而其他人却认为…… 看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。

其实,也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

乍一看,跟上句的开头神似,其实就是省略掉了"people's",不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。3、People may have different opinions on。

人们对……可能会有不同的见解。又是一个婉转的句子,展示其客观性。

4、There are different opinions among people as to。关于……人们的观点大不相同。

"different"虽拉低了水准,但"as to"又拯救了回来。5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

这句话貌似亮点不多,顶多一个"hold",但也是安全牌,容易理解。三.得出最终结论的万能模板1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally e to the conclusion that。

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…… 很完全的答法,"take sth into consideration"短语的应用,加分。2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably e to the conclusion that。

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better e to the conclusion that。

因此,自然我们得出以下结论。

"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧,但别平时口语中用,否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。

再特意提一句:"we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思,而是一种自然而然,水到渠成的得出结论。4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

短语"there is no doubt that"上线,同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。5、All in all, we cannot live without。

But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

这句话一般用于作文结尾,属万能句式,句式较为简单,方便操作。四.提出最终建议的万能模板1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

"It is high time" 打头,为该句增色。注:that 后跟虚拟语气,后跟动词的一般过去式,表示“是某人做。

的时候了”或者“是某人不做。

的时候了”2、It is time to take the advice of 。

and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 。该是采纳……的建议,并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。

去掉一个"high",画风完全不一样,不用过去式,只需用"to do"来替代。3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 。

毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视。"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。

4、Obviously,。. If we want to do something。

, it is essential that。显然,如果我们想做某事,我们需要…… 这句有些老生常谈,稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。

5、Only in this way can we。 只有这样,我们才能。

Only+倒装,经典万能句式,还能看出点水平呢。6、It must be realized that。

我们必须意识到。把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态,省略了主语,监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!五.英语四级作文预示后果万能模板1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that。

will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。"the chances are that"替代了"may",果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。

2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that。毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则很可能会…… 作文结尾万用句,毫无破绽。

3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。"It is urgent that"+被动,效果不错滴。

Nowadays, “1”has bee a matter of great concern of the general public in our society, especially for those who are confronted with this problem. There are, as is vividly depicted in the picture, 2 . 3 .This is something we should give more thought to. The picture are thought-provoking, and what it illustrate is a mon phenomenon in today's society: ④ . ⑤ . Hence, ⑥ , as is shown in the picture given above. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measur to improve the situations. In the first place, us should to appeal to government to set up a foundation toward those who do much to protect forest resources ⑦. second, those who cut down trees in a forest a random⑧ deserve to be punished by the law. Last but least ,it is necessary to encourage city-residents to plant as many trees as possible in and around the city⑨.We are looking forward to a much better and brighter future. 使用说明: 1 总结图画主题,一般可以用and或or连接两个名词。

注意英语喜欢用名词作标题类的内容。 2 描述图画内容。

3 根据个人描述能力,如果2句中描述已经够了,可以不写。 ④ 点出图画喻意。

⑤ 展开喻意,也是这个模块中,唯一需要完全由自己在考场上写的句子。 ⑥ 再次总结、强调喻意。

⑦ 根据图画内容,改写who引导的从句。 ⑧ 根据图画内容,改写who引导的从句。

⑨ 根据图画内容,改写主语和谓语。 注意作文62616964757a686964616fe78988e69d8331333335313132提示,灵活机动,按规定写作。

具体变化注意: 第一,如果是图表作文,2 句型不变,增加一句“some important change taken place in the past several years”,表示变化趋势。 第二,如果需要举例,在第二段增加一句:“for example, as report in daily newspaper and on TV news,……” 第三,如果需要列举原因,在第二段第二句增加:“There were some possible reasons for……” 本文已经固化的单词数超过140词,当场只需写一个完整的句子、三个半句、五处单词替换,具有中学英语水平足以完成。

引用的句子已经有足够的闪光点,自己写的句子,千万别写错,另外,注意覆盖图画所表达的内容。做到这两点,13分以上应该没有问题。

作文常用句式总结开头 Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern. 最近,…问题已引起人们的关注. Inter has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has bee a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. It is monly believed that… / It is a mon belief that… 人们一般认为… Many people insist that… 很多人坚持认为… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that… 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为… A lot of people seem to think that… 很多人似乎认为… 引出不同观点: People's views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that…. 人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为。

People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to… 关于…. 人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同. 结尾 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally e to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论… Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably e to the conclusion that… 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论… Hence/Therefore, we'd better e to the conclusion that… 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论… There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 提出建议: It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of … 该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously,…. If we want to do something… , it is essential that… 显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是… Only in this way can we… 只有这样,我们才能… It must be realized that… 我们必须意识到… 预示后果: Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that… 毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会… It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展. 论证 From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点…. Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就个人而言,我站在…的一边. I sincerely believe that… 我真诚地相信… In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do…. 在我个人看来,做…比做…更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why… 给出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, … 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, … 第二, … 第三, … Why did… ? For one thing… For another…. Perhaps the primary reason is… 为什么会…? 一个原因是… 令一个原因是… 或许其主要原因是…. I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即…,其主要原因如下: 列出解决办法: Here are some suggestions for handling… 这是如何处理某事的一些建议. The best way to solve the troubles is… 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是… People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题. 批判错误观点和做法: As far as something is concerned, …. 就某事而言,… It was obvious that… 很显然,…. It may be true that…, but it doesn't mean that… 可能…是对的,但这并不意味着… It is natural to believe that… , but we shouldn't ignore that… 认为….是很自然的,但我们不应忽视…. There is no evidence to suggest that… 没有证据表明… 如何连接 强调 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, 。

以下是 英文写作翻译频道为大家整理的《英语议论文常用写作句型》,供大家参考。更多内容请看本站 写作翻译 频道。 一、开头句型 我们常说,良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此,作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。 在写议论文时,你通常以什么样的方式开头呢?最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说——直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点,点出文章的中心思想。 I....has both advantages and disadvantages.……既有利又有弊。例如: 1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages. 2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. 3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. 举一反三: 1.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages. 2....has many advantages.For example,...However,just as every coin has two sides,...has its disadvantages.(本例将利弊分开讲,转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。) II....play(s)an important role /part in...……在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用。例如: 1.Computers play an important role in science and technology. 2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life. Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies. 3.Education plays an important part in developing our mind. 4.Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness. 举一反三: 1.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life. 2.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now ,telephone,email,fax have taken their place. III.With the development of...,随着……的发展,例如: 1.With the development of our economy,m any Chinese families can afford a car. 2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious. 3.With the rapid development of science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home. 4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed. 举一反三: 1.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious. 随着中国人口的急剧增加,住房问题越来越突出。 2.With more and more women entering society,people's attitude towards women is changing. 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会,人们对妇女的态度也在改变。 3.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up,an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car. 随着中国改革开放的深入,越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。(“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外,还可以用an increasing number of, a growing number of,a significant number of,a great number of等来表达。) 本结构看似固定,实则富于变化,只要记住with有“随着”的意思,相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。 我们已经看到,开门见山的开头使论文直切主题,直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时,就显得有欠缺,因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法,然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。 IV.When it comes to...,some people think /believe that...,others argue /claim that opposite /reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments /statements,but...当说到……,有些人认为……,但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理,但……。 本结构先用when it comes to ...引出话题,再用some...others ...这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点,然后说There is some truth in both...表明严谨公正的态度,最后用but...很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子: TV,a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV,some people believe that it is extremely valuable,as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education. Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities.There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society. 二、结尾句型 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one /a word,generally speaking等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。 V....take measures to do sth.例如: 1.We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world. 2.We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams. 3.The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse. 4.Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks. 常用句型二 一,开头句型 1.As far as ...is concerned 2.It goes without saying that... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 4.As the proverb says 5.It has to be noticed that... 6.It`s generally recognized that... 7.It`s likely that 8.It`s hardly that... It’s hardly too much to say that... What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是 There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认 Nothing is more important than the fact that... what’s far more important is that... 二,衔接句型 A case in point is ... As is often the case... As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以…… But it’s a pity that... For all that...In spite of the fact that... Further, we hold opinion that... However , the difficult lies in... Similarly, we should pay attention to... not(that)...but(that)...不是,而是 In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势 As has been mentioned above... In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说 However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 三,结尾句型 I will conclude by saying... Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that... Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable... It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论 From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好 四,能句型 Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明 let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this. It’s remains to be further studied... There’s question is how... so that, so...that... 正式的英文写作.切忌不要使用“I”“You”“We”等等主观的称谓! The most common mistakes: 1. Use of questions. If you use a question it means you are questioning and not proving your point. Questions are best to be left out of essays because they are very passive and sometimes make holes in your essay. When you confront a question, turn it into a statement: Example:"What do you think that person should do?" Change to: "The person should do the following things to solve his/her problem." 2. Use of "and so on" &"etc." You can't put these in a formal essay. You must either identify what the "so on" and "etc" are or else just name three examples. The reader knows that you cannot possibly list every example or situation, but if you use "so on" and "etc" you are using non-formal language. Example: There are many types of religions in society: Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and so on. Change to: There are many types of religions in society such as Judaism, buddhism, Christianity, Jehovah Witnesses and Hinduism. 3. Using "I" When writing a formal essay, you cannot use "I think" "I feel"(and other "I" type statements. Instead, use words like "one" and phrases like "the reader" or "the audience." The reason we do this is, first, the reader knows you wrote it and also that it is your opinion; therefore, "I" is not needed. It is not formal language to say I think, plus it is not needed. Examples:"I think t hat cats are better than dogs." Change to: Cats are better than dogs. Take out all the I thinks, in my opinion, I will show, I will prove and any other personal phrases. Instead, make them into more general statements. 4. Use of "You" "Your" "We" "Us" "Our" Please do not use these words in a formal essay. Not only are they not formal language, but readers may be insulted if the author of the paper insinuates that "You"/"We" do something. It brings too personal of an approach to the writing and can make the reader uncomfortable. Examples: I think/ In my opinion Change to: more general statements I think War is a pointless activity. War is a pointless activity. You/Your Change to:A person/ people/ His/ Her/ One/ One's You think that reading is boring. One may think that reading is boring. Our/ We/ Us change to: His/ Her/ People We all have to work together for a better society. people need to work together in order to create a better society.高考英语作文常用词语和句型 一.开头用语: 良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。 1.议论论文: A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages. B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient. C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,... D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life. F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view. 2. 书信: A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar. B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job... C. Thank you for your letter of May 5. D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9. E. How nice to hear from you again. 3. 口头通知或介绍情况: A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make. B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you. C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you. 4. 演讲稿: A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health. B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest. 二.并列用语:as well as, not only…but (also), including, A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life. B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture. C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French. D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication. 三.对比用语:on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures. B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though. C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun. 四. 递进用语:even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location. 五. 例证用语:in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life. B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education. 六. 时序用语:first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays, A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee. B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. 七. 强调用语:especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all , A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. B What in the world/on earth are you doing? 八. 因果用语:thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to... A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales. B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations. 九. 总结用语:in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters. B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted. 常用句型 (一)段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, …… Second,……What makes things worse is that……. 4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。 Nowadays,it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides,…… 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,…… 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ……has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that……while. Obviously,……but why? (二)中间段落句 1. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they say…… 2. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,……Worst of all,……. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,……What's more, ……Most important of all,…… 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can…… 5. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面, Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to……. For one thing,For another, 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly……. 7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于…… Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to ……. 8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as …… 9. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that ……because……. (三)结尾句 1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that …… 2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future. 3. 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)…… But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…… 4. 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…… 5. 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…… 7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,…… 8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find…… 9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…… 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is……

论文模板及常用语句英文怎么写

这些有不少是我自己写作时候的一些经验。

实际上都是一些从句,连词,使得作文读起来更加流畅,正规。 order & sequence(表明顺序的) firstly, secondly, thirdly … finally, lastly, in conclusion, to finish … followed by, subsequently, after that, next … previously, initially, in the beginning … simultaneously, meanwhile, concurrently Additional ideas(引出下一个观点的) furthermore … therefore … also we can see that … moreover … and then … one could also say that … continuing this view … it can also be said that … and … additionally… on top of this… in addition… following on from this Compare & contrast(作比较的) this is similar to … even though … just like the … differing from … balanced against … despite … by parison … however … when pared to … contrary to … to pare with … in contrast … on the other hand … whereas … on the contrary … unlike the … a differing view is … a different view is … instead … in contrast … but … peting with this … on the other hand … moreover … yet … nevertheless … correspondingly… similarly… conversely… on the other hand… likewise… while… whereas… noithstanding… conclusion(表明做结论的) to sum up … in summary … to summarize … in conclusion … to conclude … finally … in other words … as we have seen .. therefore … thus … on reflection… Cause & effect (表示原因的) as a result of … resulting from … because of … due to … so … from this … consequently … hence … as a consequence … consequently… 希望楼主可以满意,也希望楼主采纳。

一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分:How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.I'm pleased to hear that you're ing to China for a visit.I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分:With best wishes. I'm looking forward to your reply.I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分:Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分:All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we'll have a discussion in groups.Please e on time and don't be late.结束语部分:Please e and join in it. Everybody is wele to attend it. I hope you'll have a nice time here.That's all. Thank you.三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入:第1 段:Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should。

(导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文:第2 段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First。 Second。

Finally。( 列出2~3 个赞成 的理由) 第3 段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place。

What's more。 In addition。

( 列出2~3 个反对的理由) 结论:第4 段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) オ2.“A 或者 B” 类议论文模板:导入:第1 段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文:第2 段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that 。 Another reason is that。

( 赞同 A 的原因) 第3 段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent。 ( 列出1~2 个 B 的优势) 结论:第4 段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that 。

( 得出结论) オ3.观点论述类议论文模板:导入:第1 段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己 的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启 下) 正文:第2 段:First of all。 Secondly。

Besides。( 列出2~3 个赞成或反 对的理由) 结论:第3 段:In conclusion, I believe that。

(照应第1 段,构成" 总 — 分 — 总" 结构)4."How to" 类议论文模板:导入:第1 段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:第2 段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all。 Another way to solve the problem is 。

Finally。( 列出2~3 个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:第3 段:These are not the best but the only o/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to。

( 强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 四、图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as ( 进一步 说明). We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动 词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,the 动词-ed+ 幅度+ 时间( 紧跟着的 变化) . The figures also tell us that 图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for ( 进一步描述). Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that ( 结 论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that ( 给出原因). / It is high time that we ( 发出倡议). 五、图画类写作模板:1.开头 Look at this picture./The picture shows that。/From this picture, we can see。

/As is shown in the picture。/As is seen in the picture。

2.衔接句 As we all know, 。/As is known to all,。

/It is well known that。/In my opinion,。

/As far as I am concerned,。/This sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 3.结尾句 In conclusion。

/In brief。/On the whole。

/In short。/In a word。

/Generally speaking。/As has been stated。

段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。

首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且) ……。Nowadays,it is mon to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。

它既有有利的一面,也有不 利的一面。Everything has o sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看 来,…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 英语作文万能句子 山重水覆疑无路,柳暗花明又一村 A sudden glimpse of hope in the dark mist of bewilderment,it`s a long lane that has no turning. 万事开头难 The first step is always difficult. 万丈高楼平地起 High buildings rise from the ground. 有利必有弊 Everything has its advantages as well as disadvantages. 机不可失,时不再来 Don`t lose a golden opportunity, it is never foud again. 谋事在人,成事在天 Man proposes, God disposes. 人逢喜事精神爽 People are in high spirits when involved in happy events. 人生如梦 Life is but like a passing dream. 仁者见仁,智者见智 A true man loves the mountains, a wise man loves the sea. 人非圣贤,孰能无过 All men but saints are apt to make mistakes. 失败是成功之母 Failure is the mother of success. 一失足成千古恨 A single slip can cause a lasting sorrow. 有所不为,而后有所为 You must be able to refrain yourself in some matters in order to acplish others. 饮水不忘挖井人 Don`t fet the well – diggers when you drink from this well 己所不欲,勿施于人 Don`t do to others what you don`t want others to do to you 看在字数多 ,有这么辛苦的份上 , 给点分嘛 、、。

针对你的情况,作为一名英语老师,实在感到无奈。

既然都要考试了,我就为你尽一点力吧,希望会派上

用场。

由于你的情况特殊,所以我写一些比较简单,容易

记忆的句子,到时候写出来不一定合适,但最起码

不会出错。

好我的策略是:

不管是什么作文,第一句都写一下这句;

After reading the topic above, I have imagined a lot of relative contents, but

what I really want to say is the following three points.

意思是:在读过以上题目后,我想到了很多相关的内容,但是我最想说的是以下

三点。

接着你就写:

Firstly, I think this is the most necessary to be discussed at the very beginning.

意思是:第一,我认为这是最有必要首先讨论的。(这句废话只为凑字数)

写完上一句,记得把题目里相关的句子或词汇抄写来写成第一点。(一会我举例)

Secondly, after talking about the most important thing, I want to say something else.

意思是:第二,在讨论了最重要的内容后,我想说些其他的。

然后,这里再把题目中的内容做一下改变,再写一遍。

Finally, you must have understood what I want to talk about. I hope this essay is

useful and meaningful.

意思是:最后,你一定已经知道我要说什么了吧。我希望我的文章会有用且有意义。

这句是结尾。

我总共为你写了73个词,你只需要再补充几句废话就可以完成作文了。只是一定写

自己最有把握的就可以了。反正跑题是肯定的,但是最起码写完了。你说是吧。而

且我保证我写得句子没有错。所以,可以得些分数的。

最后我希望你以后还是要努力学习英语的。祝你考试顺利,成功。

完全原创,禁止转贴哦。谢谢。

英语教师:Leon R. Wood

问好 Nice to meet you!Hello!How are you?Nice to meet you, too!Hello!I am fine, thanks.问姓名 What is yourhisher name?Myhisher name is Jenny.问颜色 What colour is it?What is your favourite colour?It is red.My favourite colour is blue 问地方 Where is my book?There it is!问数量 How many pens do you have?Four.问感觉 How do you feel?I am happy!问事物 What is this?It is a book.问事情 What is the matter?What are they doing?I cut my knee.They are playing.问年龄 How old are you?I am ten years old.要东西 May I have o books, please?Sure!小学英语写作重点句型短语 一、短语1、that little girl那个小女孩2、(be) so short如此矮3、(be)so cute如此可爱4、(be)very naughty非常淘气5、a little chick 一只小鸡6、o big red hens两只大红母鸡 二、句型1、Who are they,Lingling?They are my grandparents.玲玲。

他们是谁?他们是我的祖父母。【Who是对人进行提问,也就是对第二句的中的my grandparents的提问。】

再如:Who is that little boy?It`s Tom.那个小男孩是谁?是汤姆。练习:那个小女孩是谁?是我。

2、They are my grandparents.They were young,then.他们是我的祖父母。他们那时是年轻的。

【这两个句子的结构是“e69da5e887aa62616964757a686964616f31333366303731主语(代词、名词)+be(amisarewaswere)+表语(名词、形容词等)”表语是说明主语身份、特征的。】 再如:They are old.他们是年老的。

练习:她那时是胖的,她现在是瘦的。3、I was o,then.我那时两岁了。

【主语+be+年龄】 练习:我那时三岁了,我现在11岁了。4、But your hair was so short.但是(那时)你的头发是如此的短。

【在形容词前可以加上“so、very等副词”】 再如:You were so cute.你如此可爱。练习:她那时也非常淘气。

5、She was fat.Now she`s thin.她(那时)胖,她现在瘦了。【第一个句子是说明过去的事,be用过去式(was、were);第二个句子是说明现在的事,用一般现在时be(am、is、are)】 练习:他(那时)矮,他现在高。

他们(那时)年轻,现在他们上年纪了(年老了)。6、They weren`t old then .They were young.那时他们不上年纪,他们年轻。

【这两个句子是同义句,划线部分是一对反义词,第一个句子用否定句,第二个句子用肯定句。】 练习:她那时不高,她是(很)矮。

他那时不淘气。他是可爱的。

它那是不胖。它是瘦的。

7、Was it fat ?No,it wasn`t.It was thin.它胖吗?不,它不胖。它是瘦的。

【这是be的一般过去时的一般疑问句,是把be的形式(was、were)提到句首。注意答语。

用“yes、no回答后,再用一个反义词的肯定句回答。”】 练习:他们年轻吗?不,不是的。

他们年老了。他淘气吗?不,不是的。

他是可爱的。

段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。

首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。Nowadays,it is mon to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。

它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everything has o sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 任何事物都是有两面性,…也不例外。

它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everything has o sides and()is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. …已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

() has bee a hot topic among people,especially among the young andheated debates are right on their way. …在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。() has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well人类正面临着一个严重的问题…,这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem () which is being more and more serious.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出…。很显然…,但是为什么呢?According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that() while. Obviously,(),but why?。

英语作文里没什么万能句子啦,多用用从句就好了,不过连词是关键 order & sequence firstly, secondly, thirdly … finally, lastly, in conclusion, to finish … followed by, subsequently, after that, next … previously, initially, in the beginning … simultaneously, meanwhile, concurrently Additional ideas furthermore … therefore … also we can see that … moreover … and then … one could also say that … continuing this view … it can also be said that … and … additionally… on top of this… in addition… following on from this Compare & contrast this is similar to … even though … just like the … differing from … balanced against … despite … by parison … however … when pared to … contrary to … to pare with … in contrast … on the other hand … whereas … on the contrary … unlike the … a differing view is … a different view is … instead … in contrast … but … peting with this … on the other hand … moreover … yet … nevertheless … correspondingly… similarly… conversely… on the other hand… likewise… while… whereas… noithstanding… conclusion to sum up … in summary … to summarize … in conclusion … to conclude … finally … in other words … as we have seen .. therefore … thus … on reflection… Cause & effect as a result of … resulting from … because of … due to … so … from this … consequently … hence … as a consequence … consequently…。

问好Nice to meet you!Hello!How are you?Nice to meet you, too!Hello!I am fine, thanks.问姓名What is yourhisher name?Myhisher name is Jenny.问颜色What colour is it?What is your favourite colour?It is red.My favourite colour is blue问地方Where is my book?There it is!问数量How many pens do you have?Four.问感觉How do you feel?I am happy!问事物What is this?It is a book.问事情What is the matter?What are they doing?I cut my knee.They are playing.问年龄How old are you?I am ten years old.要东西May I have o books, please?Sure!小学英语写作重点句型短语一、短语1、that little girl那个小女孩2、(be) so short如此矮3、(be)so cute如此可爱4、(be)very naughty非常淘气5、a little chick 一只小鸡6、o big red hens两只大红母鸡二、句型1、Who are they,Lingling?They are my grandparents.玲玲。

他们是谁?他们是我的祖父母。【Who是对人进行提问,也就是对第二句的中的my grandparents的提问。】

再如:Who is that little boy?It`s Tom.那个小男孩是谁?是汤姆。练习:那个小女孩是谁?是我。

2、They are my grandparents.They were young,then.他们是我的祖父母。他们那时是年轻的。

【这两个句子的结构是“e69da5e887aa62616964757a686964616f31333366303731主语(代词、名词)+be(amisarewaswere)+表语(名词、形容词等)”表语是说明主语身份、特征的。】再如:They are old.他们是年老的。

练习:她那时是胖的,她现在是瘦的。3、I was o,then.我那时两岁了。

【主语+be+年龄】练习:我那时三岁了,我现在11岁了。4、But your hair was so short.但是(那时)你的头发是如此的短。

【在形容词前可以加上“so、very等副词”】再如:You were so cute.你如此可爱。练习:她那时也非常淘气。

5、She was fat.Now she`s thin.她(那时)胖,她现在瘦了。【第一个句子是说明过去的事,be用过去式(was、were);第二个句子是说明现在的事,用一般现在时be(am、is、are)】练习:他(那时)矮,他现在高。

他们(那时)年轻,现在他们上年纪了(年老了)。6、They weren`t old then .They were young.那时他们不上年纪,他们年轻。

【这两个句子是同义句,划线部分是一对反义词,第一个句子用否定句,第二个句子用肯定句。】练习:她那时不高,她是(很)矮。

他那时不淘气。他是可爱的。

它那是不胖。它是瘦的。

7、Was it fat ?No,it wasn`t.It was thin.它胖吗?不,它不胖。它是瘦的。

【这是be的一般过去时的一般疑问句,是把be的形式(was、were)提到句首。注意答语。

用“yes、no回答后,再用一个反义词的肯定句回答。”】练习:他们年轻吗?不,不是的。

他们年老了。他淘气吗?不,不是的。

他是可爱的。

标题摘要关键词正文

Times New Roman 字体,1.5倍行距,首行缩进2字符,

外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……(英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)…3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms3.1 The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…;小节的编号为:1.1.1, 1.1.2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) …. In conclusion, ….3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. ….3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) …. ….(ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion ….Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号)Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。(论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;1.5倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中)【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂………………(中文摘要:上空二行;题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符,方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距; 第二行起要顶格;字数约400字,约8-10行;)【关键词】 习语;对比;英语;汉语(中文关键词:题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距;各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后不空格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距)一、 基本格式:论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上,不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页:论文题名页上打印格式基本相近,中、英文对照,中文题目页在第一页,英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目,论文题目都用大写字母,下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大,再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称:论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页,中、英文对照,中文题目页在上,英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用宋体,小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号,加粗,关键字短语部分采用宋体,小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页,一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体,字号为三号,加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号,中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印,正文采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印,字体为Times New Roman小四。

英文论文常用模板

导语:议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁,下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板,希望对你有帮助!

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说:就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......

3.As the proverb says, 正如 谚语 所说的, 可以用来引用名言名句

4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到,...

5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认

9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore,+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单,所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。

5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管

6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外,我们坚持认为,...

7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而,困难在于…

8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样,我们要注意...

9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)

10.In this respect, 从这个角度上

11.However, 然而…

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此,我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion

It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此,在我看来,

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是,....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来,如果……也许更好

四.举例句型

1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子

2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…

To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。

2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的,因为… 1

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…

4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展,越来越多…

5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)

2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's concern. However, different people hold different attitudes toward. A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of______________.It does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 最近,_______问题已引起人们的关注,然而,人们的态度各不相同,很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问,对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处(好处)。我十分赞同这一论述_________________,主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________.它的利多弊少。弊多利少 在我的观点,把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然,现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。

英语论文格式模板2017

英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文,除了细心严谨之外,还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板,欢迎阅读!

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距3.5 cm,左、右页边距均为3.25 mm。论文内容宽不得超过14.5cm, 长不得超过22.5cm。

字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。

行距:单倍行距。

页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。

文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)

图表:

标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。

照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。

5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。

6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。

8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:2.5厘米;左:2.8厘米;右:2.8厘米;装订线:0.8厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:1.8厘米;页脚1.8厘米。

9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选1.5倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。

11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

英专毕业论文常用句

随着全球经济一体化趋势日益加快,国际商务活动日益频繁。这些商务活动的许多领域,如技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资等,所使用的英语统称为 商务英语 。下面是我带来的关于商务英语 毕业 论文摘要的内容,欢迎阅读参考!商务英语毕业论文摘要(一) 商务英语特点浅析 [摘 要]商务英语是外贸人员同世界各地开展进出口贸易时用于洽谈交易、联系业务的一种应用语言。由于英汉两种截然不同语言的差异及其特定的社会功能和题材内容决定了商务英语自身与众不同的写作特点。本文拟从跨 文化 交际学的角度对商务英语的特点作一番探析,从而事倍功半地达到成功交际的目的。 [关键词]商务英语 跨文化交际 合作原则 礼貌原则 关联原则 商务英语毕业论文摘要(二) 商务英语翻译浅析 [摘要]商务英语翻译在国际贸易中起着越来越重要的作用。本文从商务英语的内涵、特点、翻译策略等方面,对商务英语的翻译进行了浅要的分析。 [关键词]商务英语翻译策略 商务英语毕业论文摘要(三) 浅谈英语商务 谈判技巧 [摘要] 随着经济全球化的发展。中国的国际贸易也越来越发达。要想和外国人做好每一笔生意,你必须了解世界各国的文化。国际贸易中跨国的商务谈判在所难免,所以你也必须懂得把全界各国商人的谈判风格研究从文化的角度来探讨国际商务谈判,分析国际商务谈判过程、世界各国商人的谈判风格,增强中国商人在国际贸易中的竞争力。 [关键词] 语言技巧谈判风格谈判技巧 以下是我带来的关于商务英语的论文,希望能帮到您! 浅谈商务英语教学 摘 要:随着中国在世界经济中的日益活跃,大学中的商务英语需求也随之增多,这是因为商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才;同时,教师如何讲好这门课也日益受到关注。所以,本文就以商务英语教学为话题进行浅谈,企在与同行有所交流并最终相互促进与提高,使学生和教师双赢。 关键词:大学;商务英语;教学 随着中国在国际经济活动中的日益活跃以及自身发展的迫切需要,商务英语专业也日益成为了大学热门专业之一。商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时又具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才,因此,对于商务英语的教学既要考虑到英语知识的授予,又要注重英语能力的提高。如同一般英语一样,阅读也是商务英语语言运用中的一项重要活动,通过阅读既可以让学生掌握相关阅读技巧,从而提高阅读速度和语言能力;同时又可以培养学生接触商务知识和熟悉商务运作流程的实用能力。所以,本文就以商务英语中教学方面进行浅谈,企在与同行有所交流和相互促进与提高。 一般来说,商务英语教学应该涵盖语言学习和商务知识两方面内容,是集语言理论、商务理论及商务实践于一体的综合性教学。所以,教师的教学要结合所用教材,灵活运用 教学 方法 ,并且在教学活动中要注意活跃课堂气氛,让学生在轻松愉悦的氛围里进行知识的学习,最重要的是提高学生实际应用语言并进行交流的能力。对于该课程的教学,笔者根据多年的相关教学 经验 , 总结 出了如下的教学建议: 第一,基本词汇是商务英语的基础,以此为基础,扩充词汇的学习,这是进行相关商务 英语阅读 的基础。可以通过将生词与已知词汇进行相关联系来实现对生词的记忆和掌握,当然,将生词放在阅读 文章 中进行学习也是一个很好的方法,或者将二者联系起来回更好。下面举例说明。 confirm一词在普通英语中作动词时的意思是“确认,证实”,如: ● His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. (他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。) 而在商务英语中,confirm应该译为“保兑信用证”,即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。如下句: ● Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。(付款方式为100% 即期,保兑,不可撤消信用证。) 那么,教师再阅读短文中就可以先将需要讲解的词汇标出,让学生说出在一般英语中的其意义;然后,在进行商务英语中所表示出的意义的讲解;最后,让学生思考并练习这些“商务意义”,注意一定要在句中,然后是整篇文章中进行理解和熟悉。 第二,具备一定商务英语词汇后就要以篇章为单位来进行训练,目的是进一步巩固所学新意(商务英语中该词汇的意义)。此阶段,最好选取一些有实用价值的英语阅读材料,在真实的商务场景中进行语言知识和商务知识的双方面习得。如:阅读文章中摘出的两句话: ● You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis. ● If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft. The bank is said to discount the draft. 通过加深巩固练习,学生可以跟深刻地理解discount一词。 下一步,以对话或是篇章进行知识的延伸。如下面关于产品介绍的对话: ● A: These are our new models. B: What are their strong points? A: There's a lot to be said for them. In the first place, they are more durable than any similar ones on the market. B: Why does it take longer to wear out than the others? A: The yarn is carefully selected for quality and woven very tightly in this fabric. B: Can you leave these samples with us? A: How long do you want to keep them? B: About three days. ● A: That's all right 此时,引导学生进行整体把握,即:“为什么在这种语境会这么说?”为下一步中西方差异做铺垫。并且可以考虑在这个阶段的学习后增加一些课堂对话练习的活动,激发学生使用的欲望,增添真实的语境。 第三,在商务英语的教学中一定要注重商务礼节的介绍,并且还要特别之处中西方商务礼节或习惯方面的差异,以免在今后的实际运用中造成跨文化差异而带来的不必要的困扰。如:在中国,对于对方的赞美或是夸奖,为了表现出礼貌,通常受赞美或是夸奖的一方一定会说“哪里哪里”等拒绝性的答复;但是,西方人一般会去高兴地接受,往往是Thank you. / Thank you very much. 等,因为他们认为拒绝是极为不礼貌的。又如,在商务谈判时,中国人喜欢委婉而谦和地表达自己的观点;而西方人一般会开门见山,直奔主题。因此,在平时的教学中必须指出诸如此类的文化差异,一方面解答而来学生对于一些商务英语文章背景的不理解问题,另一方面也提高了学生的学习兴趣和求知的欲望,充满了好奇感和探究感。 总之,在课堂教学中一定要同时兼顾英语的基础知识而后专业知识的储备,以及英语技能和相关商务知识的积累这两方面的内容。但是,这些不是孤立的,而是相互关联和相互渗透的,可以说,一环扣一环,环环相关,某一个方面出现问题,就会影响 其它 方面的学习和提高。因此,我们在日常的教学中应该多角度、多方面进行指导,同时,也要求我们教师也要多学习、多更新自己的知识,这样才能满足学生的需求和自身的提高。 参考文献 [1] 蔡芸。培养复合型人才的有效方式--商务英语专业课程评价[J]。外语与外语教学,2001(4)。 [2] 陈建平。案例教学法与商务英语教学[J]。宁波大学学报( 教育 科学版), 2004(5)。 [3] 刘江凤。论本科院校商务英语专业学生职业技能的培养[J]。考试周刊,2011(5)。 [4] 莫再树,张小勇,张云。基于语言经济学的商务英语教育研究[A].。湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2006(4)。 [5] 叶兴国。新形势下的商务英语教学与研究[C]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。2008年10月。 猜你喜欢: 1. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 2. 商务英语毕业论文范本 3. 关于商务英语毕业论文范文 4. 商务英语专业论文范文 5. 商务英语相关毕业论文范文

发现了个博客也许有你要的内容自己看看吧也许对你有帮助

一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向,具体解释如下:1.英语文学:选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》)2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围的选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学:翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下,对翻译活动的研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究(如“汉语成语的英译”)。应该注意的是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。(一)前置1.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。2.目录:由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页。3.中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。(二)主体部分主题部分包括引言(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。1.引言:主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。2.正文:论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分,论点明确。行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用“.”相隔,最末级编号之后不加点。示例:1.2.…… 2.12.2…… 2.2.12.2.22.2.3.… 2.2.3.13.结论:学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。4.参考文献:写作学位论文过程中,阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单,置于正文之后,另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。(1)文献目录应另页书写,外文文献排前,中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。(2)文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。(3)每条文献必须顶格写,回行时空两字或五个英语字母。(4)将各文献的类型代号(即文献英文名的首字母)注明在文献之后:专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R]专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕电子文献中光盘图书 [M/CD](MONOGRAPH ON CD)网上期刊〔J/OL〕(serial online)5.文内所引文献:要求附夹注,应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名(英文只注姓),出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献,则加quoted in 字样。例:(王佐良,1982:38)(Newmark,8:26-33)6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的,不应出现在参考文献中。(三)附录部分附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料,如图表或照片等。

英语专业毕业论文题目汇总 语言与语言学类 001 从历史文化的发展看某个英语词或短语的语义演变 002 英诗中常用的修辞 003 英语谚语的修辞手法 004 委婉语种 005 英语中的缩略语 006 英语词汇中的外来语单词 007 英语新词新意探究 008 美国英语的特色 009 如何正确把握英语定语从句(或其他各种从句或语法形式)在句子中的确切含义 010 Fuzzy Words and Their Uses in Human Communication 011 Ambiguity and Puns in English 012 Some basic consideration of style 013 English by Newspaper 014 English Personal Pronouns: a Preliminary Textual Analysis 015 Thematic Network and Text Types 016 An Inquiry into Speech Act Theory 017 On Lexical Cohesion in Expository Writing 018 The Inferences of Conversational Implications 019 Context and Meaning 020 The Construction and Interpretation of Cohesion in Texts语言教学类 001 扩大词汇量和提高英语阅读能力的关系 002 提高英语阅读速度的主要障碍 003 英语阅读能力和阅读速度的关系 004 通过扩大知识面提高英语阅读能力 005 如何在阅读实践中提高英语阅读能力 006 阅读英文报刊的好处 007 如何处理精读和泛读的关系 008 如何对付英语阅读材料中的生词 009 如何通过阅读扩大词汇量 010 提高阅读能力和提高英语听力的关系 011 英语听说读写四种技能的关系 012 通过英语阅读提高英语写作能力 013 英语快速阅读能力的构成成分 014 中学生英语自主学习能力的培养 015 英语教学中的语言焦虑及解决策略 016 简笔画-英语教学中简单高效的教学手段 017 提高英语听力理解能力的策略和技巧 018 电子辞典与英语教学 019 普通话对英语语音的迁移作用 020 母语迁移在基础教育各阶段中的作用 021 提高大班课堂教学的效果 022 《英语课程标准》研究 023 口语教学中教师的角色 024 从心理学角度探讨少儿英语教学 025 英语课堂提问的策略研究 026 英语后进生产生的原因以及补差方法研究 027 英语词汇教学方法探讨 028 小学生英语口语能力评估方法研究 029 朗读在英语教学中的作用 030 任务型教学法研究 031 方言对学生英语语音的影响 032 英语阅读课堂教学模式探讨 033 英语课堂的合作学习策略研究 034 中学生英语学习策略的培养 035 探究式教学法在中学英语教学中的应用 036 现代信息技术在英语教学中的应用 037 教师教学行为对高中生英语学习的影响 038 实施成功教育减少两极分化 039 小学英语活动课教学模式研究 040 中学英语听力训练最佳方案 041 原版电影与英语学习 042 中学生英语兴趣的培养 043 《疯狂英语》(或各种教学方式)的利与弊 044 张思中教学法实践调查报告 045 如何杜绝中式英语 046 英语教师的文化素养 047 网络时代如何学好英语 048 背景知识与阅读理解 049 上下文在阅读理解中的作用 050 家庭教师在中学生英语学习中的利弊 051 中学英语教学现状分析 052 中学英语课堂上的Daily Report 053 中外教师解释课文方法比较 054 中外教师课堂提问方法比较 055 中外教师课堂鼓励性用语比较 056 中外教师对学生总体要求之比较 057 计算机辅助英语教学中的诸问题 058 不同种类的计算机辅助英语教学方式 059 计算机辅助英语教学中的教学法原则 060 The Instructive Meaning of Inter-language Pragmatics for foreign Language Teaching 061 Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching 062 The Importance of Cultural Authenticity in Teaching Materials 063 Micro-teaching and Student Teacher Training 064 How to Evaluate the Teacher Performance - A Case Study 065 English Test Design 066 The Interference of Native Language in English Writing or Translation 067 Translation Methods and English Teaching翻译类 001 英汉文化差异和翻译 002 英语习语翻译 003 翻译与语境 004 翻译中的对等问题 005 翻译中的衔接与连贯 006 翻译中的文化信息传递 007 语篇体裁与翻译策略 008 汉语四字词语的翻译 009 数字的翻译 010 翻译中的语序转换 011 谈英语被动句的翻译 012 英汉句法对比和翻译 013 谈合同(或其他各种类型文本)的翻译 014 英语否定句的翻译 015 广告英语及其翻译 016 中国特色词汇及其英译 017 英语长句的理解与翻译 018 商号、商标、公司名称等的翻译 019 Importance of Meaning Group in Translation文学类 001 文学批评方法之我见 002 解读布莱克诗篇《老虎》的象征意义 003 弥尔顿创作目的和结果的矛盾之我见 004 华滋华斯诗歌的自然观 005 简析《秋颂》的美学价值 006 由《云雀颂》看雪莱的诗歌创作观 007 论叶芝诗歌中的象征主义 008 狄金森诗歌的现实意义 009 论现代诗歌与后现代诗歌的异同 010 解读《麦克白》的创作意义 011 由海明威的《杀人者》理解客观叙述法 012 解读福克纳的《干燥七月》 013 中外文学作品比较 014 不同英语文作品比较 015 英文作品中的人物分析 016 英文作品的社会意义 017 英文作品的文体风格参考文献 除相关的专著之外,以下杂志的现刊与过刊可供参考:《中国翻译》,《上海科技翻译》,《外语教学与研究》,《外国语》,《中小学外语教学》,《外语电化教学》,《中小学英语教学与研究》,《外国文学评论》,《福建外语》,《外语界》,《国外外语教学》,《现代外语》及外语院校学报等希望对你有用!:-)

英语学术论文常用句型

英语论文的标准格式参考

在学习、工作生活中,大家总少不了接触论文吧,论文写作的过程是人们获得直接经验的过程。那么,怎么去写论文呢?以下是我收集整理的英语论文的标准格式参考,欢迎大家分享。

英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距3.5 cm,左、右页边距均为3.25 mm。论文内容宽不得超过14.5cm, 长不得超过22.5cm。

字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。

行距:单倍行距。

页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。

文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)

图表:

标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。

照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

扩展: 英语学术论文格式

1、TITLE标题

既然是标题,不言而喻,就要力求新颖、简明、扼要,例如以下几个例子。Advances in Control of Cancer Pain控制癌肿疼痛方法的进展。Semiquantitatie Analysis of the Autoradiographs放射自显影半剂量分析The Higher the Diffusion Rate,the Higher thdChance of Each NewlyIodinated Tgb Molecule Cominginto Repeated Contact with the Peroxidase Site at theApical Membrane弥散率越高,新碘化的Tgb分子与实膜过氧物酶部位所接触的机会越多。

有些杂志,某些作者除采用正标题之外,还采用副标题,这种情况在国外刊物上的各类论文中可谓俯拾即是。采用副标题,一般是在正标题过于简单、笼统的情况下,起到补充和系统说明正题等的作用,或是要强调某一个方面或几个方面,以其引起读者注意等等。Ultra-Low-Volume Administration:SystemsEvaluation and Date Analysis超低量用药一系列评价和数据分析(补充正题)。Medical News:Adjuvant Chemotherapy Works forBreast Cancer with Involved Nodes医学新闻:辅助性化学疗法对伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌奏效(说明上题)。Unresolved Issue:Do Smokers Catch Less LungCancer?尚未解决的问题:吸烟者患肺癌少吗?(提醒人们注意吸烟者患肺癌的数量增加)。

有时,为了避免标题太长而使用缩写词。Effect of LATS(=Long-Acting Thyroid Stimula-tor)and LATS Protectoron HTACA(=Human Thy-roid Adeny Cyclase Activity)长效甲状腺刺激素和长效甲状腺刺激素保护物对人体甲状腺甙酸环化酶活性的作用。考虑文章较长,可在统一的标题下,用不同的副标题分成若干相对独立的篇章。例如:Factors Influ-encing one's Ability to Adopt to Chronic Illness影响个人对慢性疾病适应能力的因素(1)CARE保健;(2)TECHNOLOGY技术学;(3)FAMILY RELATION-SHIPS家庭关系;(4)DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL发展水平(研究标准);(5)CULTURAL VALUESAND BELIEFS文化价值和信仰。

2、ABSTRACT(SUMMARY)摘要、提要

这部分是对整篇文章的高度概括或浓缩,故要简单、明了。常用的词汇和句型有:Somebody studied(examined investigated,determined,found,reported,interviewed,measured,documented,considered,though evaluated,observed,…)。运用这些动词,所采用的时态通常是一般过去时和现在完成时。被动语态也屡见不鲜,常见有:This study was taken to ex-amine… ;Patients with…were followed up for+时间;It is showed that… ;It is concluded that… ;Indicationswere obtained that… ,等。结尾时常用的表达方法有:The results indicate(show,state,suggest,demon-strate,conclude,express…)that… ;These findingshave special importance in showing that… ;The find-ings have general significance in that… ;This possibilityis strengthening by the observation that… ,等等。例:

Enzyme Linkel Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)isused to the detection for antibody of anti-thy oglobulinin normal human serum,cord serum,and amniotic flu-id.The results demonstrate that it seemed to be an cer-tain rule that the lower appeared in the amniotic fluid,the highest in cord serum.Antibody is decreasing for anormal level with the grown-up age after birth.It isthus concluded that antibody of anti-thyroglobulin wemeasured may play a certain significance in diagnosis ofcretinism by ELISA.作者采用ELISA对正常人的血清、脐带血清和羊水中的抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体进行了测定。其结果有一定规律:抗体在胎生期首先出现,分娩时浓度达高峰,而后随年龄增长逐渐降至正常水平。故测定该抗体对地方克汀病之诊断有一定意义。

3、INTRODUCTION引言

本项除课题意义外,主要涉猎前人研究情况的评述及本研究的目的,后两者有时分别列出。兹分述如下:

3.1、REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK

以往研究评论 还有用其它题目的,例如:REVIEW OF LITER-ATURE(文献评述),LITERATURE CITED(文献引述),PRIOR RESEARCH(以前的研究),SOMEPAST DESIGNS(过去的某些设计),BACK-GROU-ND(背景材料),等等。而这些资料引文的重点要放在引述与本文有关的以往研究的结果,否则会喧宾夺主。句式常有Sb.et al.tested(reported,gave,car-ried out experiment on… ;Sb found(showed…)that… .还有若干不同的其它表达方法,写在下边:our exper-iments show that… ;The present study was undertakentoidentify… ,Date are presented that suggest… ,Ourresults supported… ;The distribution has reported by… ;Our laboratory has undertaken a reexamination of… ;This article(paper)documents… ;We trace(evi-dence)…This model extends… ;Our findings demon-strate… ;We reasoned that… ;The effect…were evalu-ated by means of… ;The present results add some fur-ther elements to… .A recent study analyzed he effect of aspirin(ASA)on primaryhemostasis in uremia,measuring bleedingtime(BT).It was found that the same dose of ASA pro-longed BT more in uremic that in control subjects,sug-gesting platelets were more susceptible to the inhibitory-of ASA.This might be due to different ASA pharma-cokinetics and bioavailability that might be influenced bythe uremic condition.新近一项研究分析了乙酰水扬酸对尿毒症第一期出血的影响,测定了出血的时间。我们发现,同样剂量的ASA均可延长出血时间,而尿毒症受验者比对照受验者要多。这提示尿毒症的血小板对ASA的抑制更具敏感性。这可能是由于ASA的药物动力学和生物可用性不同所致。

3.2、OBJECTIVES目的

这一条还可写作OBJEC-TIVES OF STUDY(研究的目的),有时OBJEC-TIVES不列在INTRODUCTION之内,而独立列为一项。多采用开门见山,直接点出目的方式。常见的用语有:The(major main,overall,broad,primary…)objectives(purpose goal,aim…)of this study(research,article,paper,project,experiment),were(was)… ;The study aims at doing something…。例:The objec-tive of this article was to suggest that pulmonaryimpedance rheograph is one of the methods for differen-tial diagnosis of early pulmonale cor and hyperthyroi-dism。本文的目的在于提示肺阻抗图是早期肺心病和甲状腺机能亢进的鉴别诊断方法之一。

4、METHODS or EQUIPMENT AND TEST(EX-PERIMENT)PROCE DURI方法、设备和试验程序

这一部分内容须视论文的类别而有所不同,但就该题目而论,则多系试验研究和技术报告一类。还可以用以下名称等:TEST AND EQUIPMENT(试验与设备),MATERIALS AND METHODS(材料及方法),EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE(试验过程),DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT(试验描述),或者只写PROCEEDURE(过程),及METHODS(方法),较常见的句式有:Sb or Sth was(were)tested at… ;Sb or Sth participated in this study;或者The equip-ment which was used(consisted of,constructed from,furnished to…by,…)is… .例:Three groups of sub-jects participated in this study:(a)18 patients(10 menand 8 women with a medianage of 46 year,range 24~69)with chronic renal failure with anuria…参加本研究的有:(a)18例无尿慢性肾衰竭患者,其中男性10人,女性8人,平均年龄为46岁,年龄范围为24~69岁… …。The test equipment which was used consisted of acupboard complete with temperature measuring trans-ducers and recording equipment.所有的试验装置由一个配有测温传感器和记录器的.小柜组成。

5、RESULTS AND DISCUSSION结果和讨论

这个项目是全文的重点,其篇幅约占整个文章的一半或三分之二。它将对研究、试验、观察等结果加以分析和讨论,其中包括曲线、图表和照片等。大都采用分题逐一讨论的方法。常用语有:The test(experi-mental)results presented(obtained)show(indicate,con-firm)…that… ;It should be noted that…等。例:Ourresults have shown that T-cell deplection iseffective inthe prevention of acute and chronic GVHD.我们的结果已经说明,T细胞缺失对预防GVHD有效。

6、CONCLUSION结论

其它的表达方法还有:SUMMARY AND CON-CLUSIONS(小结及结论),CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS(SUGGESTIONS)(结论与建议)。常用语有:From(On the basis of)… ,the fol-lowing conclusions can(may)be made(drawn,reached)…或者The following recommendations(SUGGES-TIONS…)may be made(PUT FORWARD)…。例:The following recommendations may be made for theimprovement of the method of this kind of operations…对这类手术方法的改进可作下述改进…

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS感谢

这项的常用语是:We acknowledge with… ;Thisstudy was supported by… ,We thank…for… ;Thisstudy was supported grants from…。例:We wish tothank profeor F.J.Kezdy for his valuable suggestionsand discussions.We thank also Mrs.A.Abram for herassistance at the initial stage of this work and Ms,Be-better wilkerson for typing the manuscript.通常,thank和support均可用以人和单位,而前者多用于人,后者多用于单位。有时,在这一项之后还有一行内容:Correspondence should be addresed toL.S.F MRC Cancer Trials office,Medical ResearchCouncil Centre,Hills Road,Cambridge CB22 QH这是表示致函的地点和单位。

8、REFERENCES参考文献

参考文献的写法有多种,但都有一定格式。无论采用哪一种,前后要一致。众所周知,列出参考文献是为了查看或查证与文章叙述或引用部分有关的资料。通常的办法是在论文中的引用部分按出现的先后顺序编上号码。参考文献要按号码顺序排列。每一条书目要包拓以下几个内容:作者姓名、书名、出版者和出版年份、页数等。也可以不按文中引用先后编号,而按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列,而出版年份紧跟在姓名之后。例:

文章正文:The capillary tube is used in such appli-ances ashousehold refrigerauors,small freezers and roomair conditioners,usually up to three ton system[1].Cen-tral air conditioning systems insmall residence,small ice-making machins and small beverage cooler also use thecapillary tube.It is not practicle in large commercial-systems because of its lack of sensitivity to loadchanges。

如上所述,我们把参考的文献,按照作者的姓氏的字母排序,写在下面:REFERENCES1.Althouse,A.D(1978)Modern Refrigeration andAir Conditioning.In Michael Wallace,et al.(eds)New Developments in Ari-coditioning.Cambridge University Press2.Black,Max(1976)Selected Writings of MaxBlack in Modern Air-conditioning Engineering(ed.David G.Mandelbaum).Oxford University Press3.Nelson,C.W(1972a)Principles of Refriger-stion.New York:McGra-wHill(1972)Commercialand Industrial Refrigeration.In Science,May1972,PP.52~68,(1972b)ibid,PP.72~74注意:(1)若文章选自一本论文集,则先写作者姓名、篇目,然后另起一句注明该文集的编辑者姓名及文集名称。如不另起一句,中间要用逗号。ed,eds分别为editor和editors的缩写。(2)作者姓名和书名一般不用逗号隔开。而书名和出版社之间用句号分开。每条书目的最后用逗号,也可不用。(3)出版年份指的是所引出书籍或文章的印刷年份,不是第一版的出版年份。(4)P、PP分别是page和pages的缩写,ibid意为“同上”。(5)若论文多次引出同一篇文章,则可以引文后面写上作者的姓名和文章、书籍的出版年份,并注上页次,前后用括号括上,如(Nelson,1972,P.123)。如果出现引用同一作者,同一年份的几本着作,要在印刷年份加上a,b… ,以示区别,如(Nels on,1972a,P.123),(Nelson,1972b,PP.52~68)。

9、APPENDIX附录、补遗

这一项包括LIST OF SYMBOLS AND DEFINI-TIONS(符号及定义表),NOME NCLATURE(技术术语表),等。如何用英语撰写医学论文,笔者认为,对很多作者来说,耗时最多的工作不是本文所谈及的,而应是扎扎实实地搞好平时的英语学习和阅读;加强文学修养及本专业知识的学习、提高和更新等。如果做好这些工作,用英语撰写医学论文,并且撰写较高水平论文的问题便会迎刃而解。

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