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英语毕业论文写作内容格式

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英语毕业论文写作内容格式

湖北师范学院外国语学院英语专业本科毕业论文撰写基本要求及格式规范本格式规范在参照《湖北师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)工作实施办法》的基础上、结合英语研究论文撰写的特点而制定,适用于湖北师范学院外国语学院英语专业全日制本科毕业论文的撰写。一、 毕业论文(设计)打印页面设置1、页面设置:16开版面,单页打印。2、页边距及行间距:上厘米,左厘米,下2厘米,右2厘米,左侧装订,页眉,页脚。除一二级标题及特别注明外,行间距统一为。3、页眉:目录、摘要、正文、参考文献每页页眉居中标注“湖北师范学院外国语学院**届英语系毕业论文(设计)”字样,五号宋体居中打印。4、字体和字号:按相应部分的要求分别设置。5.页码编号:从正文起每页页脚加注页码(宋体五号居中),封面页、目录页、英、汉摘要页不编页码。二、毕业论文(设计)构件及格式要求外国语学院本科生毕业论文应由以下几个部分构成:1、封面页:独立一页(具体格式见附件1)(1)学号:按学生成绩册的学号填写。(2)编号:按毕业年份+外国语学院编号+班级编号+学号的最后两位共十位填写。如:2008040122。(3)研究类型:按基础研究、应用研究、综合研究等类型填写。(4)分类号:按中国图书分类号填写。(5)封面中论文标题栏部分为Times New Roman三号。封面顶部项目为中文宋体小四号,其余部分用中文宋体三号填写。2、毕业论文诚信承诺书:本科毕业论文诚信承诺书见外国语学院网页提供的附件,按照要求格式填写,该页独立成一页,附于封面页后的第一页。3、目录页(英文):独立一页,(具体格式见附件2)。(1) 除“Contents”一词用Times New Roman三号加粗外,其他统一用Times New Roman小四号。(2)本页内的论文目录及页码部分由正文标题内容自动生成。请使用word的目录生成功能,具体操作为:分别选择正文中标题文字,用主菜单“格式”中的“样式与格式”功能定义正文中的标题级别,定义完毕后,再点击主菜单中“插入”→“引用”→“索引和目录”即可自动生成目录。(3)目录页只生成至二级标题。4、英文摘要页:独立一页(具体格式见附件3),本页主要由以下内容构成:(1)英文标题:英文标题一般不宜超过10个单词,可加副标题,Times New Roman三号加粗居中。该项与下项内容之间空一行。(2)作者及导师姓名的汉语拼音:例如:WANG Hui (Tutor:ZHANG Yanghong) ,Times New Roman小四号居中。(3)作者个人信息:用圆括号圈起,例如 (Class 0403, College of Foreign Studies, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, Hubei),Times New Roman五号居中。该项与下项内容之间空一行。(4)摘要(Abstract):一般150-200个单词,Times New Roman五号左对齐,abstract一词加粗后用冒号,第一个字母大写。(5)关键词(Key words): 3~5个英文单词,Times New Roman五号左对齐,key words两词加粗后用冒号,第一个单词首字母大写,每个关键词之间以分号和空格分隔。5、中文摘要页:独立一页,但如果篇幅较少,可以与英文摘要页合并成一页(具体格式见附件4)。本页主要由以下内容构成:(1)中文标题:中文标题不得超过30个字,可加副标题,黑体三号加粗居中。该项与下项内容之间空一行。(2)作者及导师姓名:例如:王慧(指导教师:张阳红)。宋体小四号居中。(3)作者个人信息:用圆括号圈起,例如(湖北师范学院外国语学院 0203班, 湖北 黄石 435002)。宋体五号居中。该项与下项内容之间空一行。(4)中文摘要:论文内容不加评论的简短陈述,中文摘要200-300字。宋体五号左对齐。(5)关键词: 3~5个中文词组,每个关键词之间以分号和空格分隔。宋体五号左对齐。(6)分类号:填写中国图书分类号(见附件5)。6、正文部分:多页(格式见附件6)(1)标题与正文:论文题目不定义为标题级别,统一为Times New Roman三号加粗居中。正文内每部分均用一级编码加标题标识,各部分内可再设二级编码和三级编码表示文章层次(思路发展方向),即全文采用三级编码制,按如下格式定义:标题级别 格式要求1.标题1 标题1:Times New Roman四号加粗,关键词首字母大写,段前行 左对齐标题2 标题2:Times New Roman四号加粗,关键词首字母大写,段前行 左对齐标题3 标题3:Times New Roman小四号加粗,第一个单词首字母大写 左对齐正文 正文: Times New Roman小四号 段首行按Tab键自动缩进(2)表格:尽可能采用三线表,表中段落行距为单倍行距。(3)图形:直接插入的插图应有图标图号,不能直接插入的图应留出插图空位。插图宽度一般不超过10cm, 用绘图纸绘制的,线条要均匀,主线与辅线粗细比例为2∶1。图中文字、符号书写要清楚,并与正文一致,尽可能采用电脑绘图。(4)文字表述:论文要求层次清楚,语言流畅,语句通顺,无语法和逻辑错误,无错字、别字、漏字。论文的表述应当以科学语言描述研究过程和研究结果,不要以口语化的方式表达,论文中科技术语和名词应符合规定的通用词语,并使用法定计量单位和标准符号。文字、图表、公式清晰准确。(5)论文注释(Notes):论文可以有适量、适当的论文注释,用以注明所引资料的来源,或表达作者对文中某观点、某概念等的补充说明。正文内的直接引文和间接引文都采用夹注形式,放在括弧内,例如:(桂诗春,1985:25)或者(Selinger,1998: 29),其中,“桂诗春”和“Selinger”分别为中文学者姓名或英语作者的姓,“1985”和“1998”为著作出版年代,“25”和“29”为观点所在的页码。如果要对文中生僻术语进行说明或有其它说明,则采用附注形式,即在正文需注释处的右上方加注数码,然后在正文之后写明“注释”字样,最后依次写出对应数码和注文,回文时与上一行注文对齐;“Notes”一词居中。7、致谢(Acknowledgements):(可选项)用于表达作者的写作心得及对有关人员的感谢,表述要求真实自然。致谢在正文结束后隔行排版;“Acknowledgement”一词居中。8、参考文献(Bibliography):独立一页(具体格式见附件7)(1)数量要求:参考文献只选择最主要的列入,应不低于8种,其中,英文原文文献应不少于4种。(2)编排顺序:英文文献条目在前,中文文献条目在后;英文文献条目按学者姓氏的字母排列,中文文献按学者的姓氏音序排列。每个文献前用编号[1][2][3][4] 等等标出。(3)种类和标识符:参考文献的引用,可以是著作、论文、专利文献、会议论文等,不得引用未公开发表的资料和网络来源的资料。文献标识符号为:专著为[M]、期刊论文为[J]、论文集为[C]、论文集内的文章为[A]、未经出版的会议论文为[P]、博士论文为[D]、硕士论文为[MA]。(4)排版格式:Bibliography一词用Times New Roman 四号加粗居中,英文参考文献用Times New Roman 五号,中文文献用宋体五号;每条文献顶格写,回行缩进4个字符。(5)文献著录格式及示例:[1] 作者.书名[M].出版地:出版者, 出版年:起止页码. (著作图书文献)英语作者标注方法:作者姓,作者名首字母(大写).(& 作者姓,作者名首字母(大写)。如果三人或以上作者共著,其方法是:作者姓,作者名首字母(大写). et al. 例如:[1] Lakoff, G. & Mark, J. Metaphors We Live By [M]. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980: 24-47.[2] 作者.文章名[A].论文集名[C].出版地:出版者, 出版年:起止页码. (论文集内文献)[3] 作者.文章名[J].学术刊物名, 年, 卷(期): 起止页码. (学术刊物文献)英文著作、期刊名用斜体。9、附件或附录:(可选项)重要的测试结果、图表、设计图纸、源程序代码、大量的公式、符号、照片等不宜放入正文中的可以附录形式出现。三.篇幅要求英语专业毕业论文正文部分3000-5000单词。四.毕业论文装订要求本专业毕业论文按照下列顺序装订:1.封面2.承诺书3.目录页4.英文摘要页5.中文摘要页 (如果篇幅不长,可以与“英文摘要”合并为一页)6.正文部分7.致谢 (可选项)8.参考文献9.附录或附件 (可选项)10.毕业论文(设计)评审表

英语毕业论文排版格式

第一部分:封面

1、 需填写的项目由本人用碳素墨水手写或打印。

2、 封面上的毕业论文(设计)编号填写统一编排的12位学号。

3、 届、班级均采用阿拉伯数字,班级应标明某级某班。

4、 用纸要求(以下所有用纸按此要求)

·纸型:A4纸,单面打印;

·页边距:上,下,左,右;

·页眉:,页脚:,左侧装订。

第二部分:目录 (单独用一页 对齐方式:两端对齐、倍行距)

目 录(标题三号,Times New Roman,加粗,居中;)

摘要(关键词)(小四号,Times New Roman)……………………………………(页码)

英文摘要(关键词)(小四号,Times New Roman)………………………………………(页码)

致谢(小四号,Times New Roman)……………………………………………………………(页码)

………(小四号,Times New Roman)……………………………………………… (页码)

(一级标题)(小四号,Times New Roman)………………………………… (页码)

XXXXXX(二级标题)(小四号,Times New Roman)………………………………… (页码)

(三级标题) (小四号,Times New Roman)…………………………………… (页码)

(注:此处目录中的标题层次根据正文标题层次来确定)

参考文献(小四号,Times New Roman)………………………………………………………(页码)

第三部分:文章标题、摘要与关键词

1. 文章标题:二号、Times New Roman、加粗、居中

题目:应在20个单词以内,能简明、具体、确切地表达论文的'特定内容。必要时可使用副标题;

2.中文摘要、关键词(中英文关键词、摘要段落:左右缩进2 个字符)

摘要:(小三号,黑体,加粗,居中)

摘要正文(小四号,宋体,双倍行距)

关键词:标题(小四号,黑体,顶格,加粗)

关键词正文(小四号,宋体,词间逗号隔开)

3.英文摘要、英文关键词

英文摘要标题Abstract:(小三号,Times New Roman,加粗,居中)

英文摘要正文(小四号,Times New Roman,双倍行距)

英文关键词标题Key words:(小四号,Times New Roman,加粗,顶格)

英文关键词正文(小四号,Times New Roman,词间用逗号隔开)

第四部分: 主体部分

正文:论文正文都必须包括引言(introduction),正体、结束语 (conclusion)论点正确、逻辑性强、文理通顺、层次分明、表达确切。把实践结果上升到理论认识或应用理论的高度,最终解决实际问题,并提出自己的见解和观点;

1. 前言标题(三号字,Times New Roman,加粗,顶格)

前言内容(小四号字,Times New Roman,行间距采用倍行距)

2.各级标题与正文

论文的标题层次按以下两种格式编排

第一种:

1 XXXX(一级标题)

XXXX(二级标题)

XXXXXXX(三级标题)

一级标题(三号字,Times New Roman,加粗,顶格)

二级标题(四号字,Times New Roman,加粗,顶格)

三级标题(小四号字,Times New Roman,加粗,顶格)

四级标题格式同三级标题

正文用小四号字,Times New Roman,行间距采用倍行距

3.正文中的图表

正文中图、表均需编排序号,有图、表题目及说明(五号、Times New Roman),如table 。

4.每页页脚居中注明页码, 页码起始 从Introduction 部分开始第1页。页眉设置要求:居中,以小5号字宋体键入“辽宁对外经贸学院毕业论文”。页眉从正文页开始设置,到参考文献部分结束,包括参考文献部分。封底不加页眉。

第五部分: 参考文献 (三号、宋体、加粗、顶格)

参考文献:参考文献按作者姓名的首字母顺序排列。中文文献在英文文献之后。参考文献应另起一页,总数不少于15篇。原则上,参考文献为期刊时,出版时间应在近五年之内;参考文献为图书时,出版时间应在近10年之内。参考文献要求采用MLA格式。

第六部分: 致 谢(三号、Times New Roman、居中、单独一页)

致谢内容(小四号、Times New Roman)

英语专业毕业论文格式要求及范本

毕业论文格式要求:

1、毕业论文应依次包括如下页面:

1)中文封面 2)英文封面 3)作者声明 4)致谢

5)英文摘要和关键词 6)中文摘要和关键词 7)正文

8)注释(如无尾注,可省略) 9)参考文献 10)附录 2、页码标号:

正文前页码用罗马数字如 I, II, III, IV,从正文开始用阿拉伯数字1,2,3标明页码。页码一律居中打印。 3、摘要、关键词: 英文

(1) Abstract:三号;“Abstract”粗体, 居中;

(2) Keywords:3-5个用“;”分隔;小四号; 最后一个关键词后不用标点符号;除专有名词,单词首字母不大写;“Keywords” 粗体 汉语

参照论文格式范本。 行距为倍。 4、正文格式:

1) 文章题目不必出现在正文页。

2) 各级标题一般要求左对齐打印。标题一律用粗体。一级标题:粗体四号字;二

级标题:粗体小四号字;三级标题:粗体小四号字。

3) 英文一律采用Times New Roman小四号,全文双倍行距;如有汉字(参考文献

部分),一律用五号宋体。

4) 正文中如每一段开头缩进两个汉字(或四个英文)字符的位置,则段与段之间

不空行;如每一段开头不缩进,段与段之间必须空一行。 5) 正文中一级标题间的段落空一行。 5、引用:

1)文中引用人名应与参考文献保持一致,即参考文献部分为英文的用英文,汉语的则用汉语拼音;

2)文中直接引用成段文字时,该段文字用五号,第一行缩进6个字符,其余行两端缩进4个字符。 6.注释:

(1)除了文学类毕业论文可以使用尾注注释方式,其余要求使用夹注注释方式。 (2) 夹注中所列指的文献,必须在参考文献中列出。如作者及作品为中文,夹注 中书写作者姓氏时必须使用拼音。) 例如: 1) 直接引用

—— Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process”(1986:241).

—— The underlying assumption is that language “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3). 2 ) 间接引用

—— According to Alun Rees (1986)〔也可位于引语的最后〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation 〔(1986〕. —— It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance ( Robertson,1987). 3 ) 互联网资料: 格式:编号

例: “A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a text’s critical difference from itself” (Net. 2).

(注:Net. 1, Net. 2, Net. 3,„„只是为了便于注明文内引语的出处,具体格式见下文参考文献中的相关内容)

7.参考文献:

1)参考文献须另起一页。 2)“References”三号粗体,居中。

3)英文参考文献在前,中文参考文献在后。英文参考文献按作者首字母顺序排列;同一作者按年排列。中文按照作者姓氏的.拼音字母顺序,排到所有英文文献后。 4)字体为英文小四号,中文五号。

5) 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:

M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 P——专利 A——文章

6) 作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, .,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I. Gordon;

7)书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。

毕业论文内容提要写作格式

毕业论文提纲格式范本(通用6篇)

充实的大学生活即将结束,大家都知道毕业生要通过毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式,那么毕业论文应该怎么写才合适呢?以下是我精心整理的毕业论文提纲格式范本,希望能够帮助到大家。

(一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要

论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。

(二)原稿纸页数的分配

写好毕业论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。

(三)编写提纲

论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例,简单提纲可以写成下面这样:

一、序论

二、本论

(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件

(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状

(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策

三、结论

详细提纲,是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲,那么,执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例,介绍详细提纲的写法:一、序论

1.提出中心论题;

2,说明写作意图。

二、本论

(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件

1.市场经济体制的确立,为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;

2.建筑产品市场的形成,对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;

3.城乡体制改革的深化,为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;

4.建筑劳动力市场的建立,是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。

一、论文题目。论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,言简意赅,引人注目,一般不宜超过20个字。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。

二、目录。既是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,应标注相应页码。

三、摘要。摘要是全文内容的缩影。在这里,作者以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。

四、关键词或主题词。关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“摘要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

五、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。

六、正文。正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整,应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解,以及在本领域的意义。

七、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。

参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为:

[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

参考文献是图书时,书写格式为:

[编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。

八、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

一、毕业论文格式

一般说来,一篇毕业论文要具备相对固定的格式。这些提到的毕业论文格式仅供参考。学校有具体规定的,则按规定办。这里以文件中规定的毕业论文格式为准。

①论文题目,有的含副标题。题目之下是作者署名,署名之前或下边一行写作者的校、院、系、年级。

②摘要与关键词(或称内容提要),一般为300字左右。位于作者署名之后,正文之前。关键词,结合标题和正文内容一般选取3至5个。

③引论。用O标示,常写作引言、引论、绪论,引言较短时可不标出O.引言类小标题。引论的内容一般是交代选题背景,主要有:课题来源,本课题在国内外的研究进展状况。已有的研究成果,存在的问题。选题的意义,讨论的问题。本文分几部分,从哪些方面进行讨论,以及指导思想、论证方法等,均可根据内容的需要写在引论中。

④正论。正论常分几部分写,分别标示一二三四等,有的加小标题,或以分论点的形式出现,以凸现论述的观点或主要内容。这部分是对研究过程及分析、归纳、概括的表达,体现出分析方法与思路,充分有力的论证。正论还要体现出明确的指导思想。

⑤结论。一般用结语小结余论等标示。也可不标示结语之类的词儿,在正论之后空一行直接写结论或总结。 在毕业论文格式中,结论是对整个研究工作的归纳、综合或概括,也可以提出进一步研究的建议。若是在正论之后,对相关联的问题还想简短论述一下,或是对较为重要的问题再说一些想法,可写成余论。

⑥毕业论文致谢。接上文另起一段。简述自己撰写毕业论文的体会,并对指导老师以及有关人员表示感谢。毕业论文致谢并非形式,也不是走过场,是一个大学生修养的表现。

⑦注释与参考资料。注释专指本文注,即作者对论文有关内容所作的解释,一般用脚注(放在本页末)(属毕业论文格式的非必备项)。参考文献专指引文注,即作者对引用他人作品的有关内容所作的说明,在引文结束处右上角用[1][2]等标示,序号与文末参考文献列表一致。同一著作或文章被多次引用时只著录一次。

⑧附录。收录和论文有直接关系的文字材料、图表、数据、试验结果等。中文方面的毕业论文 格式中作附录的情况似乎不多见(属毕业论文格式的非必备项)。

以上是一篇毕业论文格式要求,是一般撰写毕业论文必需的表达形式,其中除注释和附录可有可无外,其他部分的毕业论文格式是必备的。

2.毕业论文格式的其他要求

①毕业论文的字数要求。一般来说,文学、新闻、历史、哲学等方面的毕业论文在7000字以上,语言方面的论文在6000字左右,也有对函授学员、自考生要求在5000字左右的。我的想法是对字数不去斤斤计较,关键是在毕业论文的内容要有创见。一般说来,达到了内容的要求,相应地也会满足字数的要求。

②表述要求。毕业论文是对自己研究成果的详细表述。要求论理正确、论据确凿、逻辑性强、层次分明,表意准确、鲜明,语言通顺、流畅,用规范汉字,不写错别字。一般情况下应采用计算机打印成文,若手抄则要求书写工整。

③修改要求。论文初稿写好后,全文阅读,前后对照,检查论点论据论证和词句运用,修改好了之后,搁置几天或者一两周,再来挑毛病,经过多次修改、加工、润色,最后在老师指导下定稿。

二、论文写作格式要求解析

1.引言(前言)

是医学论文开篇的一段短文,主要介绍本文的背景、理论依据、论文的范围目的与工作的收获、结果、意义等。可根据论文的需要或长或短。要求言简意赅,点明主题。如我院内科1992年2月至1995年10月应用盐酸纳络酮治疗镇静催眠药急性中毒48例,与同期未用纳络酮治疗的42例对照比较,疗效满意,报告如下。不可言过其实,尤其是诸如国内外罕见,未见报道,无先例,属最新水平之类,必须有充分证据,否则一般不用。

2.临床资料(资料与方法)

是论著的主要内容,包括实验对象、器具、采用什么方法、多少病例(男多少、女多少)、如何分组、诊断手断、依据、治疗方法(用药)、疗效标准、观察及随访时间等等。应说明资料来源的时限、年龄、性别、职业的可比性。在此需要特别提醒注意的是说明疗效或某种方法时需设对照组,条件同等、随机分组、用药或检测采用双盲法对照。共同的是使读者具体了解该研究的具体内容,一方面便于理解和评价,另方面便于验证和仿行。任何科学成果,必须能够在方法同样条件下重复出同样结果,方能得到公认。因此,描述材料和方法以使读者能进行重复为度,过分简略固然不行,过分详尽也无必要。

资料中如数字较多可用统计图表表示。统计表应有表题和序号(一个表不用序号,列为附表)。统计表应按统计学原则制作,表格两端开口,不用纵线,只用一条纵线说明主语与谓语,表格左上角不用斜线。表格内避免繁杂,更不能与正文重复。

3.结果

医学论文的中心部分。即实验研究、临床研究、分析观察、调查的各种资料和数据,进行分析、归纳,经必要的统计学处理后所得的结果。这是决定论著质量是否严谨,数据是否准确可靠,要求高度真实和准确,实事求是的撰写。失败就是失败,成功就是成功,不要人为地夸大成功率,且要消灭统计方面的误差。

4.讨论

即将所得结论或研究结果,从理论上进一步认真分析。科学的推论和评价,证实所得结果的可靠性,阐明具有科学性、先进性的论据,从而取得大家的公认。通常讨论的问题有:阐述该文研究的原理与机制;说明该文材料与方法的特点及其得失;分析该文结果与他人的异同及优缺点;根据该文结果提出新假设、新观点;对各种不同学术观点进行比较和评价;提出今后探索的方向等等。当然,一篇文章通常只讨论其中的某些方面,不可能面面俱到。重要的是,讨论必须紧紧扣住该文的研究结果,突出自己的新发现与新认识。有的医学论文讨论部分只是重复过去的文献,甚至抄袭某些专著和教科书的内容,这就失去了讨论的意义。

讨论的深浅、正确与否,很大程度上取决于掌握文献的多少和分析能力。因此,必须了解本专业的近况及动向,才能比较客观的得出正确的结论。

5.医学论文的参考文献

只限于自己阅读过并引用的文献(必须是公开发行的刊物),按文内引用顺序排列写在文后,文内按顺序在引用处标出右上角码,如在右上角标注[1]或[1-3]或[1,4]最好是着重引用近年的(3-5年)期刊文献。 医学论文参考文献的书写格式多采用温哥华式。

刊物:作者(两位作者可一并列上,中间加逗号;三位作者或以上,可只写第一作者,后加逗号及等),文题列于作者后(有的刊物略去文题),然后顺序列出刊物名称、年份、卷(期):起迄页。

例 杨亚辉.国内外胸心血管外科进展临床医学1995;15(6):36

杨亚辉,等.国内外胸心血管外科进展临床医学1995;15(6):36一38

书籍:依次顺序为作者,书名,版次,出版地:出版社,年份:起页~迄页

例 张学礼主编,怎样撰写医学论文第一版,北京:中国医药科技出版社,

外文资料西文只用姓,不用全称,其它顺序同期刊。

参考文献不宜过多,论著8条、综述20条以内为宜。引用的文献必须具有价值,引用的论点必须准确无误。取其精华,引用部分要恰到好处,宁少勿滥。

一、论文题目

从汤显祖《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘人物形象

——看“发乎情,止乎礼”的时代性

二、论文观点来源

“发乎情,止乎礼”出自《论语》,是古代形容男女关系的。发乎情,即人的情感在男女之间产生。止乎礼,就是受礼节的约束。汤显祖所说的“情”是指包括*爱之欲在内的`人生欲求。可汤显祖在《牡丹亭》中强调真情,至情的时候,他始终指向的仍是社会现实,表现出对现世的热情和对道德的关注,更重视“发乎情,止乎礼”的教育作用。

三、基本观点

《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘能突破自身的心理防线,逾越家庭与社会的层层障碍,勇敢迈过贞节观,为鬼时,以身慰情人;在死而复生之初,能婉言拒绝情人的求欢,“发乎情,止乎礼”。有人认为,这是汤显祖思想的矛盾性,它在突破传统的同时,又在墨守陈规,是一种退步。而我认为“发乎情,止乎礼”符合了那个时代的特征,而在现代,在女性贞操观念淡薄,过度追求个性解放的今天,其伦理道德意义就更为重要了。

四、论文结构

全文共分七节及结论。

第一节《牡丹亭》:介绍汤显祖及其作品《牡丹亭》中的主要人物及内容。

第二节《杜丽娘》:杜丽娘是人们心中至情与纯情的偶像,对于人物的塑造,我认为主要受汤显祖的文学思想和当时人们思想信仰的影响。

第三节《萌芽》:主要论述《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘爱情观的萌芽。她一面悲叹青春的虚度,个人才貌的被埋没;一面又执着于自由、幸福的追求,“一灵咬住”,始终不放。

第四节《冲破》:《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘死了,可是她的死不是生命的结束,而是新的斗争的开始。在摆脱了现实世界的种种约束之后,她果然找到了梦中的书生,主动地向他表示爱情,并以身慰情人,还魂之后还结为夫妇。

第五节《对抗“情,礼”》:杜丽娘与柳梦梅梦中约会,以最明确的方式宣示,爱情以及*爱,首先是年轻女子自身的需要。在超我层面上,她遵从礼教的束缚,在本我层面上,她有强烈的情欲本能。《牡丹亭》复活了*爱女神的形象,表现了*爱女神的抗争。

毕业论文的要求

1、题目:应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字。

2、摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100-200字;

3、关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。

4、目录:写出目录,标明页码。

5、正文:

专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。

毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。

前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。

本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。

结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。

6、谢辞:简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。

7、参考文献:在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。

8、注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。

9、附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。

1、标题问题:应简练、明白、有归纳综合性。

2、择要:要有高度的归纳综合力,说话精炼、明白。

3、环节词:从论文成效或者注释中遴选3~5个最能表达次要形式的词作为环节词。

4、目次:写出目次,表示页码。

5、注释:毕业论文注释:包含媒介、本论、结论三个局部。

媒介(引言)是论文的开首局部,次要解释论文写作的手段、理想意义、对于所钻研成绩的看法,并提出论文的中央论点等。数据复原媒介要写得长篇大论,篇幅没有要太长。

本论是毕业论文的主体,包含钻研形式与设施、试验资料、试验成效与剖析(评论辩论)等。正在本局部要使用各方面的钻研设施和试验成效,剖析成绩,论证观念,尽可能反映出本人的科研才能和学术程度。

结论是毕业论文的开头局部,是盘绕本论所作的完毕语。数据复原其基础的要点便是总结全文,加深题意。

6、道谢辞:简述本人经由过程做毕业论文的体味,并应答指点教员和辅佐完成论文的相关职员透露表现谢意。

7、参考文献:正在毕业论文开端要列出正在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他材料,所列参考文献应按文中参考或者引证的前后递次摆列。

毕业论文概要

毕业论文概要的基础构造由序论、本论、结论三小局部组成。序论、结论这两局部正在概要中部应比拟简单。本论则是全文的重点,是应集合文字写深写透的局部,是以正在概要上也要列得较为具体。数据复原本论局部最少要有两层规范,层层深刻,层层推理,以便表现泛论点和分论点的无机连系,把论点讲深讲透。

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文:

(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:

a、提出-论点;

b、分析问题-论据和论证;

c、解决问题-论证与步骤;

d、结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《gb7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。

中文:标题——作者——出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息

所列参考文献的要求是:

(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。

(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至是两句话。这种提纲往往是用于科学论文,而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3……点来写的话,往往会变成“八股文”的模式,这样的论文往往是应付式的论文,其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。

1、论文封面

文头:封面顶部居中,宋体3号加粗,上下各空两行。固定内容为“首都经济贸易大学成人教育学院本(专)科毕业论文”。

论文标题:黑体2号加粗,文头下居中。

论文副标题:黑体小2号加粗,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。

姓名、层次(高中起点本科、专科升本科专科等)、专业、年级、学号、指导教师、成绩项目名称在正副标题下居中依次排列,各占一行。以上内容均用黑体3号加粗。指导教师和成绩两栏内容留空,由指导教师和学院毕业论文领导小组根据具体情况填写。

以上所有内容均需打印在一页中。

2、中文内容摘要及关键词

“中文摘要”用黑体小3号加粗,顶部居中,上下各空一行;内容用宋体小4号,每段起首空两格,回行顶格。关键词三字用黑体小3号,内容用黑体小4号;关键词单占一行;各个词中间空一空格。

中文内容摘要及关键词打印在一页中。

3、目录

“目录”用黑体3号加粗,顶部居中;内容用仿宋体小4号。

4、正文文字

论文标题用黑体3号,顶部居中排列,上下各空一行;正文文字用宋体小4号,每段起首空两格,回行顶格,行间距1。25倍。忌用异体字、复合字及一切不规范的简化字,除非必要,不使用繁体字。

正文文中标题:

一级标题:标题序号为“一、”,黑体小3号;独占行,末尾不加标点符号。

二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”,黑体小4号;独占行,末尾不加标点符号。

三级以下标题:三、四、五级标题序号分别为“1。”、“(1)”和“①”,与正文字体字号相同,可根据标题的长短确定是否独占行。若独占行,则末尾不使用标点;否则,标题后必须加句号。每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。

5、注释

正文中加注之处右上角加数码,形式为“①”或“⑴”,同时在本页留出适当行数,用横线与正文分开,空两格后写出相应的注号,再写注文。注号以页为单位排序,每个注文各占一段,用5号楷体。

注释文献为期刊时,书写格式为:序号作者。题目。期刊名,年份(期数):起止页码。例如:

王健。高额储蓄与国际收支顺差的利弊及对策。《经济与管理研究》,XX(2):5—10

注释文献是图书时,书写格式为:序号作者(和译者)。书名。出版地:出版单位,年份:起止页码。例如:

王众托。《企业信息化与管理变革》。北京:中国人民大学出版社,XX。20—30

引用互联网站上的.文章时,著文的格式为:序号作者、文章题名、网址、发布时间。

6、附录

项目名称用黑体小3号,在正文后空两行顶格排印,内容编排参考正文。

7、参考文献

“参考文献”用黑体小3号,在正文或附录后空两行顶格排印,另起行空两格用宋体小4号排印参考文献内容,具体编排方式同注释。

8、指导教师评语

项目名称用黑体2号,第一行居中编排。内容由指导教师打印或手写并在指定位置签署姓名和日期。

9、答辩委员会评语

项目名称用黑体2号,第一行居中编排。具体内容由学院毕业论文答辩委员会打印或手写,由答辩委员会负责人在指定位置签署姓名和日期。

毕业论文写作格式

大学生活又即将即将结束,毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有计划的检验大学学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我收集整理的毕业论文写作格式,欢迎大家分享。

一篇完整的毕业论文或设计报告通常由题目(标题)、摘要、目录、引言(前言)、正文、结论、参考文献和附录等几部分构成。整个论文字数理工类不应少于两万字,书写方式须用计算机打印,并有电子文档。

一、毕业论文的结构

1、 题目:即标题,它的主要作用是概括整个论文的中心内容。因此,题目要确切、鲜明、精练。

2、 目录:反映论文的纲要。目录应列出通篇论文各组成部分的大小标题,分别层次,逐项标注页码,包括参考文献、附录、图版、索引等附属部分的页次,以便读者查找。

3、 摘要:摘要是论文的高度概括,是论文不可缺少的组成部分。要求用中、英文分别书写,一篇中文不少于400字。结尾要注明3—5个关键词。

4、 前言:前言相当于论文的开头,它是三段式论文的第一段(后二段是正文和结论)。 前言与摘要写法不完全相同,摘要要高度概括、简略,前言可以稍加具体一些,文字以1000字左右为宜。前言一般应包括以下几个内容:

①.所研究问题的背景、意义、问题的提出,主要观点是什么;

②.对论文研究主题范围内已有文献的评述(包括与课题相关的历史的回顾),研究现状及存在的问题;

③.说明本论文所要解决的问题,所采用的研究手段、方式、方法。明确研究工作的界限和规模。

④.概括本课题研究所取得的成果及意义。

5、正文:论文的正文是作者对自己的研究工作详细的表述。应包括以下内容:

①理论分析:

详细说明所使用的分析方法和计算方法等基本情况:指出所应用的分析方法、计算方法、实验方法等,哪些是已有的,哪些是经过自己改进的,哪些是自己创造的,以便指导教师审查和纠正。

②课题研究的方法与手段

用实验方法研究课题,应具体说明实验用的装置、仪器、原材料的性能等是否标准,并应对所有装置、仪器、原材料做出检验和标定。对实验的过程和操作方法,力求叙述得简明扼要,对实验结果的记录、分析,对人所共知的或细节性的内容不必过分详述。

用理论推导的手段和方法达到研究目的的,这方面内容要精心组织,必须概念准确,判断推理符合客观 事物的发展规律,要做到言之有序,言之有理,以论点为中枢,组织成完整而严谨的内容整体。

用调查研究的方法达到研究目的的,调查目标、对象、范围、时间、地点、调查的过程和方法等,这些内容与研究的最终结果有关系,但不是结果本身,所以一定要简述。但对调查所提的样本、数据、新的发现等则应详细说明,这是结论产生的依据。

③结果与讨论

在写作时,应对研究成果精心筛选,把那些必要而充分的数据、现象、样品、认识等选出来,写进去,作为分析的依据,应尽量避免事无巨细,把所得结果和盘托出。在对结果做定性和定量分析时,应说明数据的处理方法以及误差分析,说明现象出现的条件及其可证性,交代理论推导中认识的'由来和发展,以便别人以此为根据进行核实验证。对结果进行分析后所得到的结论和推论,也应说明其适用的条件和范围。恰当运用图表作结果与分析,是科技论文通用的一种表达方式。

6、 结论:结论包括对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合而得出的总结;所得结果与已有结果的比较:联系实际结果,指出它的学术意义或应用价值和在实际中推广应用的可能性;在本课题研究中尚存在的问题,对进一步开展研究的见解与建议。结论集中反映作者的研究成果,表达作者对所研究课题的见解和主张,是全文的思想精髓的体现,一般写得概括、篇幅较短。撰写时应注意下列事项:结论要简单、确切。在措辞上应严谨,易于领会。

结论应反映个人的研究工作,属于前人和他人已有过的结论可少提。要实事求是地介绍自己研究的结果,切忌言过其实,在无充分把握时,应留有余地。

7、 致谢:对于毕业设计(论文)的指导教师,对毕业设计(论文)提过有益的建议或给予过帮助的同学、同事与集体,都应在论文的结尾部分书面致谢,其言辞应恳切、实事求是。

8、参考文献:对那些重要的学术性强的,在论文中所引用过的文献,一般都应列出来。

9、毕业设计小结:主要内容是写本人对毕业设计这个教学环节的认识,以及自己有哪些心得体会和见解。

10、附录:在论文之后附上不便放进正文的重要数据、表格、公式、图纸、程序等资料,供读者阅读论文时参考。

二、毕业设计说明书的结构

解决某一工程具体问题的题目属毕业设计, 毕业设计的内容包括完成设计说明书和图纸两部分。毕业设计说明书是对毕业设计进行解释与说明的书面材料,在写法上应注意与论文的区别点是:

1、前言由下面三部分组成:

设计的目的和意义,设计项目发展情况简介,设计原理及规模介绍。

2、正文包括方案的论证和主要参数的计算两大部分。

三、毕业论文写作中应注意的一些问题

1、要求按书稿的规格撰写毕业论文。文章标题层次及同级标题序码,必须段落分明前后一致。

2、论文中有关实验数据的表格、图、照片的表达一定要规范化。

①.图的纵横坐标比例的选择和原点的位置,即图的高宽比和曲线所占图的位置与形状,应该适合。

②.凡是经过实验判断是自变量,应画在横轴上,参变量应画在纵轴上,不具有误差的量纲应标在横轴上。

③.图必须有简明的图题,纵横坐标必须标明标度即坐标轴所表示的物理量名称、符号和量纲单位。除方框图外,图内尽可能不标注文字解释和说明。必要时,可在图内标注代号(如A,B……),说明文字则作为脚注列在图题下。

④.实验结果已用图表示了的一般不再列表。表中内容不必在正文中再做说明,尽量避免重复。

⑤.每个表要有序号和表的名称。

⑥.表格各项目一般要有名称、代号和量纲单位。表内数据的数字后不再附注单位,如果有要说明的细节,可用脚注列在表的下面,脚注序号用(1)、 (2)……”标于相关词的右上方。

3、列举参考文献资料必须注意:

①.所列举的参考文献应是正式出版物。

②.在论文结束处,要罗列主要的参考文献,格式为:序号、作者姓名、书或文章名称、出版单位、出版时间、章节与页码等。

③.应按论文参考或引证的文献资料的先后顺序,依次列出,不宜以文献的重要程度或名家非名家的顺序排列。

④.在论文中应用参考文献处,应注明该文献的序号。

4、论文的引文一般要摘要引自经典著作,引文的内容要完整、准确,切忌断章取义、贴标签。

①. 引用经典著作中的名句或科学科技文献的公理、定义要按作者姓名、书名(或篇名),集名、卷数。版本(出版社名、出版年份)、页码的先后顺序注明。同时要注意内容的正确

②.引用报刊文章的名字依次注名作者姓名、篇名、报刊名称、年月、日或期数、页码。

凡是排在同一页上接在一起的几个引文,如果引自同一本书,而页码不同,第一个引文按规定格式作注,以下可依次简写:“同上书,第xx页”。如页码也一样,则写“同上”即可。 ’

③.引义注释分为页末注(脚注),文末注(段落末或篇后)和文内注(夹注)三类。我校学生论文规定用文内注,用小号字体,穿插在引文后面。

四、毕业论文计算机打印排版规范

页面设置:纸型为A4,标准A4版芯。

1、中文摘要:

①.居中打印“摘要”二字(三号黑体),两字间空一字符。

②.“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(小四号宋体)。

③.摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(小四号黑体),其后为关键词(小四号宋体),每一关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符。

2、英文摘要

①.居中打印“ABSTRACT”,再下空两行打印英文摘要内容(字体Times New Roman。

②.摘要内容每段开头留四个空字符。

③.摘要内容后下空一行打印“KEY WORDS”,其后为关键词用小写字母,每一关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

3、目录:“目录”二字为小二号黑体,居中打印:下空一行为章、节、小节及其开始页码(小四宋体)。章、节、小节分别以第1章、、等数字依次标出。

4、前言:“前言”二字为三号黑体,居中打印;二字之间空—字符。

5、正文:每章标题以三号黑体居中打印;章下空二行为节,以四号黑体左起打印,节下空一行为小节,以小四号黑体左起打印。换行后以小四号宋体打印正文。

6、图:图的标题采用中文,中文字体为五号宋体。引用图应在其标题右上角标出文献来源。图号以章为单位顺序编号。

7、表格:按章顺序编号,表内必须按规定的符号标注单位。

8、公式:公式书写应在文中另起一行,居中排列。公式序号按章顺序编号。

9、参考文献:按论文中参考文献出现的先后顺序用阿拉伯数字连续编号;参考文献中每条项目应齐全。

五、其它

1、外语文献译文要求

外语文献译文字数2000-3000字,要求译文与原文相符并于论文内容相关。

2、毕业论文装订次序要求

第一 封面

第二 任务书

第三 目录

第四 中文摘要

第五 外文摘要

第六 论文

①前言

②正文内容

③结论、讨论和建议

④致谢

⑤参考文献

第七 毕业设计小结

第八 附录

第九 封底

论文格式要求如下:

1、字体:黑体,加粗,三号。

行距:单倍行距。

段前:24磅。

段后:18磅。

对齐方式:居中对齐。

大纲级别:正文文本。

2、关键词的格式:黑体,常规,小四。

关键词内容的格式:宋体,常规,小四。

3、目录:黑体,加粗,三号。

前言和一级提纲:黑体,常规,四号。

二级提纲:

字体:宋体,常规,小四。

首行缩进:2字符。

三级提纲。

字体:宋体,常规,小四。

首行缩进:4字符。

段落:单倍行距。

4、前言(中间空四格)。

字体:黑体,常规,三号。

段落:单倍行距。

5、一级提纲。

字体:黑体,加粗,三号。

段落:对齐方式:居中对齐。

段前:24磅。

段后:18磅。

行距:单倍行距。

大纲级别:1级提纲。

6、二级提纲。

字体:宋体,加粗,四号。

段落:对齐方式:两端对齐。

段前:24磅。

段后:6磅。

行距:单倍行距。

大纲级别:2级提纲。

7、三级提纲。

字体:黑体,常规,小四。

段落:对齐方式:两端对齐。

段前:12磅。

段后:6磅。

行距:单倍行距。

大纲级别:3级提纲。

8、正文内容。

字体:宋体,常规,小四。

段落:对齐方式:两端对齐。

段前:0磅。

段后:0磅。

行距:单倍行距。

大纲级别:正文文本。

表格和图。

内容:宋体,常规,小四。

标题:黑体,常规,五号。

9、参考文献。

标题:与一级提纲格式一致。

字体:宋体,常规,小四。

段落:首行缩进:2字符。

段前:0磅。

段后:0磅。

行距:单倍行距。

大纲级别:一级提纲。

10、页眉和页脚。

奇数页:

页眉:论文题目。

页脚:页码在右下角。

偶数页:

页脚:页码在左下角。

毕业论文写作内容

1、题目2、摘要3、关键词4、目录5、正文6、参考文献

一篇完整的论文应当包括以下几部分:标题、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和致谢。

毕业论文主要写什么? 毕业论文,泛指专科毕业论文、本科毕业论文(学士学位毕业论文)、硕士研究生毕业论文(硕士学位论文)、博士研究生毕业论文(博士学位论文)、博士后毕业论文等,即需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文,是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。 1、题目:应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字(不同院校可能要求不同)。 2、摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字(不同院校可能要求不同); 3、关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个(不同院校可能要求不同)最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。 4、目录:写出目录,标明页码。 5、正文:专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。 毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。 前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。 本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。 结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。 6、谢辞:简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。 7、参考文献:在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。 8、注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。 9、附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。 毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节,也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果,培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。 一、标题标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题,样式繁多,但无论是何种形式,总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。 (一)总标题 总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有: ①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题,高度概括全文内容,往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性,便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多,也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。 ②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式,隐去要回答的内容,实际上作者的观点是十分明确的,只不过语意婉转,需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄,轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。 ②交代内容范围。这种形式的标题,从其本身的角度看,看不出作者所指的观点,只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题,一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳;另一方面,交代文章内容的范围,可引起同仁读者的注重,以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。 ④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定,可伸可缩,具有很大的灵活性。文章研究物件是具体的,面较小,但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性,面较宽。这种从小处着眼,大处着手的标题,有利于...... 毕业论文怎么写?内容包括哪些?求答案 (一)摘要。摘要是毕业设计(论文)主要资讯的简要陈述,具有独立性和完整性。摘要内容包括本论文研究目的、方法、结果、结论四部分。千万不要讲一些人们已经做过的工作。要开门见山地讲本文的主要工作。摘要分中文摘要和外文摘要,中文摘要在前,一般300字左右,外文摘要另起一页,内容应与中文摘要对应。 (二)正文。毕业论文正文部分包括前言、主体和结论。前言作为开场白,应以简短的篇幅,说明毕业论文选题的目的和意义、国内外文献综述、研究的内容及预期目标,要求突出重点,实事求是。主体是毕业论文的核心部分,占主要篇幅。毕业论文正文字数一般要求在15000字以上。有创新的论文,字数不受限制。文中插入的图表要符合国家标准,经过精心设计后用计算机绘制,尽量避免扫描图表。结论是整个毕业论文的最后总结,完整、准确、简洁地指出以下内容:(1)毕业论文得到的结果所揭示的原理及其普遍规律;(2)研究中有无发现例外或本文尚难以解释和解决的问题;(3)与同类研究工作的异同;(4)进一步深入研究本课题的建议。(三)参考文献毕业设计。(论文)要求有10篇以上的中外文参考文献,其中至少有一篇与设计(论文)内容相关的外文文献。毕业设计(论文)引用的文献应以近期发表的与毕业设计(论文)直接有关的文献为主。凡引用本人或他人已公开或未公开发表文献中的学术思想、观点或研究方法、设计方案等,不论借鉴、评论、综述,还是用做立论依据,都应编入参考文献目录。各条文献按在论文中的文献引用序号顺序排列。 毕业论文包括哪些内容 毕业论文的写作格式、流程与写作技巧 广义来说,凡属论述科学技术内容的作品,都称作科学著述,如原始论著(论文)、简报、综合报告、进展报告、文献综述、述评、专著、汇编、教科书和科普读物等。但其中只有原始论著及其简报是原始的、主要的、第一性的、涉及到创造发明等智慧财产权的。其它的当然也很重要,但都是加工的、发展的、为特定应用目的和物件而撰写的。下面仅就论文的撰写谈一些体会。在讨论论文写作时也不准备谈有关稿件撰写的各种规定及细则。主要谈的是论文写作中容易发生的问题和经验,是论文写作道德和书写内容的规范问题。 论文写作的要求 下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。 (一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目,不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合,尽量不设副题,不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气,不用惊叹号或问号,也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。 (二)论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人,应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。现在往往把参加工作的人全部列上,那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者,也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。 (三)论文——引言 是论文引人入胜之言,很重要,要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。 (四)论文——材料和方法 按规定如实写出实验物件、器材、动物和试剂及其规格,写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等,写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志 对论文投稿规定办即可。 (五)论文——实验结果 应高度归纳,精心分析,合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精,去伪存真,但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍,更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的资料、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的资料和不符合实验条件时所得的资料才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因,不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类资料时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验资料一并废弃,不能只废弃不合己意者。 实验结果的整理应紧扣主题,删繁就简,有些资料不一定适合于这一篇论文,可留作它用,不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图,可以不用图表的最好不要用图表,以免多占篇幅,增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代,不要随意丢弃。 (六)论文——讨论 是论文中比较重要,也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全域性,抓住主要的有争议问题,从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理,而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论,表明自己的观点,尤其不应回避相对立的观点。 论文的讨论中可以提出假设,提出本题的发展设想,但分寸应该恰当,不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。 (七)论文——结语或结论 论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果,写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁,可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。 (八)论文——参考义献 这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉,便于查询,同时也是尊...... 毕业论文开题报告主要内容写什么 无论是研究生还是本科生在论文书写的时候都需要进行开题报告的撰写,开题报告大部分院校也需要进行答辩。开题报告也就是对你自己的研究内容做一个大概的说明,对论文的进度安排作出详细的解说。然后经过专家组来判别是都论文的研究工作具有可行性。下面的连结是整个开题报告的形式,希望可以帮到你。 /...4 大学毕业论文一般都写什么内容?得多少字?论文格式要求模板? 题目老师会给一个范围,一般得一万字以上,格式的话,一般每个学校都会有自己的模版,这个老师会给你的 一般论文中的摘要要写什么? 一、论文摘要的定义摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等.而重点是结果和结论。中文摘要一般不宜超过300字,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。除了实在迫不得已,摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。摘要可用另页置于题名页(页上无正文)之前,学术论文的摘要一般置于题名和作者之后,论文正文之前。论文摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。具体地讲就是研究工作的主要物件和范围,采用的手段和方法,得出的结果和重要的结论,有时也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的资讯。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并且拥有与文献同等量的主要资讯,即不阅读全文,就能获得必要的资讯。摘要不容赘言,故需逐字推敲。内容必须完整、具体、使人一目了然。英文摘要虽以中文摘要为基础,但要考虑到不能阅读中文的读者的需求,实质性的内容不能遗漏。二、论文摘要的分类根据内容的不同, 摘要可分为以下三大类: 报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道-指示性摘要(1) 报道性摘要: 也常称作资讯性摘要或资料性摘要, 其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要资料和结论. 通常, 这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文.(2) 指示性摘要: 也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要或论点摘要, 一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题, 而不涉及论据和结论, 多用于综述、会议报告等. 该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文.(3) 报道-指示性摘要: 以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的资讯价值较高的部分, 以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分.三、论文摘要的写法目前,我国期刊上发表的论文,多采用报道性摘要。即包括论文的目的、方法、结果和结论等四部分内容。而毕业论文的摘要的写法多是采用指示性摘要的写法,即概括文章的主题和主要内容。在指示性摘要的写作过程中,作者首先应该对论文的写作背景做简单介绍,然后应该对文章的主要内容进行简单的介绍,主要是对文章的提纲做简要的介绍,最后要对文章的研究意义进行介绍。四、论文摘要写作的注意事项(1)摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。(2)不得简单重复题名中已有的资讯。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》,摘要的开头就不要再写:“为了……,对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。(4)用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。(5)要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。(6)除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。(7)不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。(8))缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项,如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等,也同样适用于摘要的编写。目前摘要编写中的主要问题有:要素不全,或缺目的,或缺方法;出现引文,无独立性与自明性;繁简失当。 毕业论文的摘要和引言及总结应该各写什么内容 1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于资讯系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证与步骤; d.结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献着录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物资讯(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物资讯所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物资讯。 毕业论文绪论要写什么内容? 绪论对于硕士学位论文而言,并非可有可无,而是一篇成功论文的一个关键点。一般而言, 绪论应该包括一下内容: 一、选题的意义 该部分要写的内容是本文要解决的是什么问题,为什么要解决这个问题,不解决这个问题有什么危害或后果。也就是说作者发现了一个必激要研究解决的真问题。 写作的要求是: 1、问题要明确,不能太宽泛,没有边,比如一篇环境法的硕士论文不能上来就说环境问题如何严重等等。因为环境问题严重虽然是问题,但太大。 2、问题得是某种的矛盾,而不是一个现象。现象只是问题的表现形式,须得分析出现象背后的隐藏的矛盾。 3、问题得是法律问题,不能是其他学科或领域的问题。 4、如果可能, 论证一下这是一个真问题,而不是伪问题。 二、研究的范围 也就是说本文能够在多大程度上解决前述问题, 不能解决什么问题,还有那些问题留待解决等。其中可能还得界定相应的概念。 三、研究的方法 大多数硕士学位论文,能够充分运用规范分析法已属不易,实证研究在很大程度上是不现实的。因为研究的时间和经费都不允许作者进行实证分析。但如果能够充分占有已有的资料,也能够写出很好的论文来。 比较研究则或多或少都会用到一些。其他方法根据作者的能力选用。 四、研究的思路和进路或技术路线 本部分不是必须的, 可以根据情况来选择。 综上,问题最重要,一篇论文的成败首先取决于要研究的问题是否有价值,是否清楚。 毕业论文PPT里应该写些什么内容? 关于内容: 1、一般概括性内容:课题标题、答辩人、课题执行时间、课题指导教师、课题的归属、致谢等; 2、课题研究内容:研究目的、方案设计(流程图)、执行过程、研究结果、创新性、应用价值、有关课题延续的新看法等; 3、PPT要图文并茂,突出重点,让答辩老师明白哪些是自己独立完成的,页数不要太多,30页左右足够,不要出现太多文字,老师对文字和公式都不怎么感兴趣; 4、凡是贴在PPT上的图和公式,要能够自圆其说,没有把握的坚决不要往上面贴; 5、每页下面记得标页码,这样比较方便评委老师提问的时候review 。 关于模板: 1、不要用太华丽的企业商务模板,学术ppt最好低调、简洁一些; 2、推荐底色白底(黑字、红字和蓝字)、蓝底(白字或黄字)、黑底(白字和黄字),这三种配色方式可保证幻灯质量,个人觉得学术ppt还是白底好; 3、动手能力强的大牛可以自己做符合课题主题的模板,其实很简单,就是把喜欢的图在“幻灯片母版”模式下插入就行了。 关于文字: 1、首先就是:不要太多!图优于表,表优于文字,答辩的时候照着ppt念的人最逊了; 2、字型大小最好选ppt预设的,标题用44号或40号,正文用32号,一般不要小于20号。标题推荐黑体,正文推荐宋体,如果一定要用少见字型,记得答辩的时候一起copy到答辩电脑上,不然会显示不出来; 3、正文内的文字排列,一般一行字数在20~25个左右,不要超过6~7行。更不要超过10行。行与行之间、段与段之间要有一定的间距,标题之间的距离(段间距)要大于行间距。 关于图片: 1、图片在ppt里的位置最好统一,整个ppt里的版式安排不要超过3种。图片最好统一格式,一方面很精制,另一方面也显示出做学问的严谨态度。图片的外周,有时候加上阴影或外框,会有意想不到的效果; 2、关于格式,tif格式主要用于印刷,它的高质量在ppt上体现不出来,照片选用jpg就可以了,示意图我推荐bmp格式,直接在windows画笔里按照需要的大小画,不要缩放,出来的都是向量效果,比较pro,相关的箭头元素可以直接从word里copy过来; 3、流程图,用viso画就可以了,这个地球人都知道; 4、ppt里出现图片的动画方式最好简洁到2种以下,还是那句话,低调朴素为主; 5、动手能力允许的话,学习一下photoshop里的基本操作,一些照片类的图片,在ps里做一下曲线和对比度的基本调整,质量会好很多。windos画笔+ps,基本可以搞定一切学术图片。 关于提问环节: 评委老师一般提问主要从以下几个方面: 1、他本人的研究方向及其擅长的领域; 2、可能来自课题的问题:是确实切合本研究涉及到的学术问题(包括选题意义、重要观点及概念、课题新意、课题细节、课题薄弱环节、建议可行性以及对自己所做工作的提问);

毕业论文应该包括什么内容

毕业论文应该包括什么内容,论文是很常见的一种写作,毕业论文是大学生们对于大学生活所学知识的总结,更是对专业的分析,下面分享毕业论文应该包括什么内容相关内容,一起来看看吧。

1、摘要

一篇完整的毕业论文先是摘要。顾名思义就是对这篇文章内容、结构、思路等的简单的介绍,摘要应该要包含论文突出的创新点、主要内容、理论以及要解决的实际问题、研究意义等。当然了,虽说摘要是对文章的简单的介绍,需要言简意赅,但是也不要写成目录的形式,毕竟这也是文章的一部分。

2、关键词

关键词一般需要列上三到五个,在文章检索的时候通常就是通过关键词查找,在搜集资料阶段,我们自己在查找资料的时候通常也是使用查找关键词的方法。关键词一般选择那些能够概括或者说在文章中提到频率比较高的词语,一般来说,在论文题目中就有很多词可以用作关键词。

3、正文部分

正文一般包括绪论、主要内容和最后论文结论三个部分。在绪论中一般需要交代你选这个论题的背景、目的、意义、研究方法、研究综述、论文的创新点等等内容,有的时候我们也会在绪论中对所要研究的对象进行简单介绍,或者是对相关的理论进行了一个系统的梳理。主要内容就非常重要了,因为这才是你写这篇文章最精华的部分,它包括了各个部分、主要论证的观点、论据等,拿原因对策型论文做例子,在文章的主体部分通常就会包括这个问题是什么、为什么会产生这个问题、怎样来解决这个问题这些部分。因此,这部分的要求也就比较高了,它要求结构合理、层次清楚、重点突出,这样人们在看你的文章的时候,就会一目了然,除此之外,文章的主体部分还要求文字比较凝练、通顺,切记不要使用口头语言,那样会让人觉得非常的不专业。结论是对这篇文章的研究成果的最后总结,在写论文的时候,一般要提到本研究的内容、提出的新观点、新的想法和建议,同事要对该研究对象提出未来发展的期望或者说评价。一般来说这部分的内容不用过多,大致在五百字到两千字就可以了。

4、参考文献

很多同学认为写完主要内容之后,一篇文章就基本大功告成了,实际上参考文献对于一篇文章来说也是非常重要的,因为经验丰富的论文评定专家能够通过你的参考文献看出你这篇文章的质量,为什么会这么说呢?因为参考文献的质量决定了你的理论基础和理论高度,像有的期刊收录的文章其实就是一些质量不高的文章,这也就启发我们,在使用参考文献的时候也要考虑刊物的级别和质量。

5、致谢

是对论文写作有过帮助的人表示谢意,要求态度诚恳,文字简洁。

(一)摘要。

摘要是毕业设计(论文)主要信息的简要陈述,具有独立性和完整性。摘要内容包括本论文研究目的`、方法、结果、结论四部分。千万不要讲一些人们已经做过的工作。要开门见山地讲本文的主要工作。摘要分中文摘要和外文摘要,中文摘要在前,一般300字左右,外文摘要另起一页,内容应与中文摘要对应。

(二)正文。

毕业论文正文部分包括前言、主体和结论。前言作为开场白,应以简短的篇幅,说明毕业论文选题的目的和意义、国内外文献综述、研究的内容及预期目标,要求突出重点,实事求是。主体是毕业论文的核心部分,占主要篇幅。毕业论文正文字数每个学校要求不同,总的来说在10000字左右。有创新的论文,字数不受限制。文中插入的图表要符合国家标准,经过精心设计后用计算机绘制,尽量避免扫描图表。结论是整个毕业论文的最后总结,完整、准确、简洁地指出以下内容:

(1)毕业论文得到的结果所揭示的原理及其普遍规律;

(2)研究中有无发现例外或本文尚难以解释和解决的问题;

(3)与同类研究工作的异同;

(4)进一步深入研究本课题的建议。

(三)参考文献毕业设计。

(论文)要求有10篇以上的中外文参考文献,其中至少有一篇与设计(论文)内容相关的外文文献。毕业设计(论文)引用的文献应以近期发表的与毕业设计(论文)直接有关的文献为主。凡引用本人或他人已公开或未公开发表文献中的学术思想、观点或研究方法、设计方案等,不论借鉴、评论、综述,还是用做立论依据,都应编入参考文献目录。各条文献按在论文中的文献引用序号顺序排列。

英语四级写作论文格式

可以,其实作文都是背出来的,就像我们小时候一样,背了好多文章,最后成自己的,再慢慢形成自己的风格,考试作文更是如此,形成一定格式,不管怎么考都会很快有框架了,但是背也要掌握技巧,重要句型背,其他的可以稍微看下,忽略。我上课给学生看四级作文,都是把开头,正文,结尾那些重要句子罗列,让他们背!效果还不错!

提纲式应用文Example OneA Letter to a Scholarship-winning Friend1. 比你高一个年级的好朋友得了奖学金,你很替他骄傲和高兴;2. 夸奖他一向勤奋、好学、有专业天赋,是你的榜样;3. 希望他能够介绍一些好的专业书给你,并介绍一些学习经验。Dear Ann, 先提问导入;再表达写信目的Can you imagine what a delight I take in your winning a first-rank scholarship? I am sincerely writing this letter to express/voice my heartfelt congratulations. As we all know, You are a _____ person, and I ……现在分词做插入语进行修饰You, enthusiastic and enterprising, are one of the most talented and diligent勤奋的 in our department, already wining 2 awards for scientific innovation. On the one hand, you are vocal and high spirited in the classroom, always coming up with luminous明确的,清晰明了的 questions which show an extraordinary非凡的,卓越的=outstanding grasp of the subject. On the other hand, you are splendid/fantastic in social activities, as作为 the president of the English Club and a member of the Student Union. No wonder that your advice is frequently sought and your phone rings constantly/continuously. Now your hard work finally pays off. 还清债务;得到回报No doubt that it is your straight A academic record, along with/as well as your outstanding contribution to social activities/movements, that made you a your bosom/intimate亲密的 pal/companion/mate, I am so proud of you and so lucky that I can always learn from you. I will be/feel greatly honored荣幸 if you can lend some reference books to me. And your advice on study will be highly appreciated欣赏;赞扬.句式亮点性词汇(必须使用六级词汇,不少于5个)词汇切忌重复Example Two(课后练习)An E-mail of Invitation to a Get-together你正在筹备假期全班同学聚会,与高中时的一个同学已经两年不见,最近得知了他的e-mail地址,请给他写封邮件。1. 问候对方,了解对方这两年的情况;get acquainted with2. 约对方在假期里参加全班同学聚会; get-together / gala party 3. 夸奖对方多才多艺,请他准备节目。 versatileDear Ann, 先寒暄一下,再提问导入,然后表达写信目的。How time flies! I haven’t heard from you ever since we graduated two years ago. How have you been? Can you imagine what a delight I am informed of your E-mail address? I am sincerely writing this letter to express/voice my heartfelt joy and get acquainted with your current situation. By the way, since we haven’t seen each other for so many years, therefore, a get-together party, organized by our enthusiastic monitor, Jonathan, will have been planned in our schedule. It is to be held possibly sometime in the coming summer vacation, preferably in some place near our high school. And at that time, you, full of passion激情 and enterprise事业心,魄力, were one of the most talented and versatile多才多艺的 member in our department, often winning awards in various activities and contests. So, if you can prepare a program and make a fantastic/outstanding/extraordinary performance in this gala, we will be more than delighted. more than + adj. 非常。。。No wonder/doubt that you will be the most dazzling 耀眼的stars among the whole your bosom/intimate亲密的 pal/companion/mate, I am so proud of you and so lucky that I can always learn from you. If you can manage to come, please tell us when you’re available. If you can’t make it, please also let us know. What is more important, please keep me updated更新 of any change of your address, E-mail and phone number the best!

四级作文模板 (i)说明原因型模块 currently, xx has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than xx it is clear that (1). if you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (3).failure will be following with you. it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (4).you don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).it will exert a profound influence upon (6).with reference to my standpoint, i think (7).注释:1:xx的第一个优点2:支持xx的做法3:不支持xx的做法4:xx的第二个优点5:举例证明优点二6:说明xx优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文: the importance of self-confidence currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. it is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities). if you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). failure will be following with you。it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).you don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of mme. curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular). it will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one's ambitions). with reference to my standpoint, i think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will). (i)说明原因型模块(2) in recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1). the factors for (2).first of all, (3).then, there comes a case that (4). moreover, (5). especially when (6).indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).in this way, we should behave just like (8). the impact of television in recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in china have satellite tv, offering as many as 50 channels. it has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. the factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).first of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). moreover, (the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies). especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's tv viewing).in this way, children will not be influenced too deeply. (i)说明原因型模块(4)for most of us today, (1). from above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as primary reason, i think, is (3).second,(4). the third reason, actually, is (5).the significance for (6)。therefore, (7).注释:(1)人们针对xx的态度和举措(2)归纳现状(3)第一个原因(4)第二个原因(5)第三个原因(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因 pollution most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)from above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, i think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. however, they pollute air, water and land ).second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ). the significance for (controlling pollution) noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken. therefore, (new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste. let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us). (i)说明原因型模块(5)these days we often hear that (1).it is common that (2). why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one thing, (3).for another, (4). what is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).to solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. we should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future.(1)提出论题(2)说明现状(3)理由一(4)理由二(5)理由三(6)理由三引起的后果(7)解决方法 pollution of environment these days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).it is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.). why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).for another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). what is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms. the smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment). to solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing. we should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future. 写作模板——图表式作文 it is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of y has undergone dramatic changes. it has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as x varies). at the point of x1, y reaches its peak value of …(多少). what is the reason for this change? mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. first of all, …(第一个原因). more importantly, …(第二个原因). most important of all, …(第三个原因). from the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. the trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 写作模板——提纲式作文1. 对立观点式 a. 有人认为x 是好事,赞成x, 为什么?b. 有人认为x 是坏事, 反对x,为什么?c. 我的看法。 some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that 支持x 的第一个原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一个原因。however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that 反对x 的第一个理由。 an example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。 2. 批驳观点式 a.一个错误观点。 b. 我不同意。 many people argue that 错误观点。by saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that 一个例子。(according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3. 社会问题(现象)式 a.一个社会问题或者现象b. 产生的原因 c.对社会和我们生活的影响 d. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)e. 前景的预测。 nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public). according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm. 同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will …….. 辩论式议论文模版1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 观点2. as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 论据1. more importantly, 论据2. most important of all, 论据3. in summary, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心.或:from above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2 people hold different views about x. some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. for one thing, 论据 another, 论据2. last but not the least, 论据3. to conclude, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3 there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(争论的焦点)。some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。as far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. the reasons are obvious. first of all, 论据1。 furthermore, 论据2。among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. that is, 论据3。 a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测.

模板? 有啥用啊。不如把听力听好

英语毕业论文答辩内容

英语毕业论文答辩(通用6篇)

英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵,提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.

Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.

The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.

The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.

The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.

The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》,thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.

First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.

Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.

Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.

Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.

The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.

Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.

The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.

Thank you very much!

Good morning, Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.

And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文(精选8篇)

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文,毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧!下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文,希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

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