金融英语论文范文参考

Financial ManagementManagement of funds is a critical aspect of financial management. Management of funds act as the foremost concern whether it is in a business undertaking or in an educational institution. Financial management, which is simply meant dealing with management of money of Financial Management By Financial Management we mean efficient use of economic resources namely capital funds. Financial management is concerned with the managerial decisions that result in the acquisition and financing of short term and long term credits for the firm. Here it deals with the situations that require selection of specific assets, or a combination of assets and the selection of specific problem of size and growth of an enterprise. Herein the analysis deals with the expected inflows and outflows of funds and their effect on managerial objectives. In short, Financial Management deals with Procurement of funds and their effective utilization in the the analysis simply states two main aspects of financial management like procurement of funds and an effective use of funds to achieve business of funds:As funds can be procured from multiple sources so procurement of funds is considered an important problem of business concerns. Funds obtained from different sources have different characteristics in terms of potential risk, cost and issued by the issue of equity shares are the best from risk point of view for the company as there is no question of repayment of equity capital except when the company is the cost point of view equity capital is the most expensive source of funds as dividend expectations of shareholders are normally higher than that of prevailing interest management constitutes risk, cost and control. The cost of funds should be at minimum for a proper balancing of risk and the globalised competitive scenario, mobilization of funds plays a very significant role. Funds can be raised either through the domestic market or from abroad. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as well as Foreign Institutional Investors(FII) are two major sources of raising funds. The mechanism of procurement of funds has to be modified in the light of requirements of foreign of Funds:Effective utilization of funds as an important aspect of financial management avoids the situations where funds are either kept idle or proper uses are not being made. Funds procured involve a certain cost and risk. If the funds are not used properly then running business will be too difficult. In case of dividend decisions we also consider this. So it is crucial to employ the funds properly and of Financial ManagementSound financial management is essential in all types of organizations whether it be profit or non-profit. Financial management is essential in a planned Economy as well as in a capitalist set-up as it involves efficient use of the time to time it is observed that many firms have been liquidated not because their technology was obsolete or because their products were not in demand or their labour was not skilled and motivated, but that there was a mismanagement of financial affairs. Even in a boom period, when a company make high profits there is also a fear of liquidation because of bad financial management optimizes the output from the given input of funds. In a country like India where resources are scarce and the demand for funds are many, the need of proper financial management is required. In case of newly started companies with a high growth rate it is more important to have sound financial management since finance alone guarantees their management is very important in case of non-profit organizations, which do not pay adequate attentions to financial ever a sound system of financial management has to be cultivated among bureaucrats, administrators, engineers, educationalists and public at a of Financial ManagementEfficient Financial management requires the existence of some objectives, which are as follows1) Profit Maximization:The objective of financial management is the same as the objective of a company which is to earn profit. But profit maximization alone cannot be the sole objective of a company. It is a limited objective. If profits are given undue importance then problems may arise as discussed term profit is vague and it involves much more maximization must be attempted with a realization of risks involved. A positive relationship exists between risk and profits. So both risk and profit objectives should be Maximization fails to take into account the time pattern of maximization does not take into account the social ) Wealth Maximization:It is commonly understood that the objective of a firm is to maximize value and value of a firm is represented by the market price of the company's stock. The market price of a firm's stock represents the assesment of all market participants as to what the value of the particular firm is. It takes in to account present and prospective future earnings per share, the timing and risk of these earning, the dividend policy of the firm and many other factors that bear upon the market price of the stock. Market price acts as the performance index or report card of the firm's progress and in the share markets are affected by many factors like general economic outlook, outlook of the particular company, technical factors and even mass psychology. Normally this value is a function of two factors:The anticipated rate of earnings per share of the companyThe capitalization likely rate of earnings per shares depend upon the assessment of how profitable a company may be in the capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for the of Financial Management:In the field of financing there are multiple methods to procure funds. Funds may be obtained from long term sources as well as from short term sources. Long term funds may be procured by owners that are shareholders, lenders by issuing debentures, from financial institutions, banks and the general public at large. Short term funds may be availed from commercial banks, public deposits, etc. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which a finance manager may increase the return to common the time of evaluating capital expenditure projects methods like average rate of return, pay back, internal rate of returns, net present value and profitability index are used. A firm can increase its profitability without adversely affecting its liquidity by an efficient utilization of the current resources at the disposal of the firm. A firm can increase its profitability without negatively affecting its liquidity by efficient management of working , for the evaluation of a firm's performance there are different methods. Ratio analysis is a common technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. An investor takes in to account various ratios to know whether investment in a particular company will be profitable or not. These ratios enable him to judge the profitability, solvency, liquidity and growth aspect of the firm.

20条精选金融论文英语参考文献

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income, profit, earnings，interest ： 收入，利润，收益，利息 cost, expense, charge ： 成本，费用，收费

Planning a share portfolioTere is no shortage of tipsters around offering"get-rich-quick' if you are a serious private investor,leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to serious investor needs a proper'portfolio'-a well-planned selection of investments,with a definite structure and a clear exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?5 Well,if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money,you're likely to get five different answers-even if you give all the relevant infoumation about your age,family,finances and what you want from your is no one "right‘way to structure a undoubtedly some wrong ways,and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all(or perhaps any)of your money into Periwigs*.10 so what should you do?We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics-like mortgages,pensions,insurance and access to sufficient cash should then establish your own individual are partly a matter of personal circumstances,partly a matter of psychology. For instance,if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses,and you may well wish to boost your pension preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main this ease,you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones),along with gilts,cash deposits,and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts. If you are younger,and in a solid financial position,you may decide to take an a ggressive approach-but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share you recognize yourself in this description,you might include a couple ofheady growth stocks in your 20 portfolio,alongside your more pedestrian you have decided on your investment aims,you can'then decide where to put your golden rule here is spread your risk-if you put all of *‘Periwigs’is the mame of a fictitious company.译文： 规划股份投资 我们周围不乏情报贩子，向人们提供迅速发财至富的机遇害。但是，如果你是一个认真的私人投资者，就把拉斯韦加斯的心态留给那些有钱可供挥霍的人。认真的投资者需要一份正规的投资组合表——一种计划很周密的投资选择，结构明确，目标清晰。但是，一个股票市场的新手又如何能做到这一点呢？ 如果你去向5位有威望的股票经纪人咨询，询问你应该如何使用你的资金，你很可能得到5种不同的答复，即使你提供了所有关于你的年龄\、、、，家庭、财源和你想从投资中获得的好处的信息。这是个道德问题吗？没有一种安全“正确”的方法来排列这种投资组合，然而，却毫无疑问地有几种错误的方法。可以相信5位经纪人中不会有人建议你把全部（或一部分）资金投入佩里威格斯公司。 那么你该怎么做呢？我们假定你已把基本情况弄清楚了，如抵押贷款、养老金、保险金和动用现金储备的机会。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目标。这里一方面是个人所处的环境，另一方面是信收理学的问题。 比如说，如果你年纪较大，你从重大投资损失中恢复过来的时间就较少，你就很希望能够提高你的养老金收入。因此，你的首要任务就是保护你的资金和引发额外的收入。在这种情况下，你大概想制定出一份包括某些股份（但不是风险很大的股份）的投资组合，同时还有高度可靠的证券、现金储蓄，可能还有可换证券，或分割资本信托公司的所得股。 如果你年轻一些，并且经济状况可靠，你可能会采取一种积极的方式——你必须性格开朗，不会因股票价格的浮动而夜不能眠。如果你觉得你的情况是这样的话，你可在投资组合中包括几项有令人陶醉的增值前景的增长股，和其他比较平淡的投资项目放在一起。一旦你的投资目标确立以后，你就可以决定你的钱投向何处。这里的指导原则是：分散你的投资风险。如果你把所有资金投入佩里威格斯国际公司，你就把自己当成了命运的人质。