语言学论文选题谈判用语

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies 二语词汇习得策略 [摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。 关键字： 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略 Abstract Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect. Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition； Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies； Metacognitive strategy； Cognitive strategy Introduction With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects：Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation . The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced. The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion. Literature review 1. The importance of vocabulary As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary. Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985): “Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.” Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings. In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language. 2. What does it mean to “know” a word? Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words. What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose. The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy. Conclusion This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies. Bibliography [1] . Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J. Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987. [2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1987. [3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House Publishers, 1990. [4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15. [5] 陈桦，张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究，2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2009. [6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究，1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996. [7] 吴霞，王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究，1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春：吉林大学出版社，2009.

论文题目又称文题、标题或篇名,对论文起画龙点睛的作用。以下是我为大家整理的语言学论文题目的内容，一起来看看吧!

1)论鲁迅的《呐喊》和《彷徨》

2)论“五四”时期的问题小说

3)论郭沫若的历史剧(或《屈原》)

4)论早期的象征派诗歌

5)论周作人早期的散文

6)论丁西林的话剧

7)茅盾小说的独特贡献

8)老舍的小说与“京味”

9)论巴金的《寒夜》

10)论沈从文的〈边城〉

11)论“京派小说

12)论张恨水的社会言情小说(或啼笑因缘〈金粉世家〉

13)论曹禺对中国现代戏剧的贡献

14)论李健吾的剧作

15)论胡风的文艺思想

16)论路翎的《财主的儿女们》

17)论徐讦的小说

18)论穆旦的诗

19)论陈白尘的剧作

20)中国当代部分文学

21)论贺敬之的诗歌创作

22)论秦牧的散文

23)论刘心武的小说创作

24)论张洁的小说

25)论谌容的小说

26)论王蒙的反思小说

27)论张贤亮的小说

28)论王安忆的小说

29)论“寻根文学”

30)论佘华的小说创作

31)论“新写实”小说 ‘

32)论余秋雨的“文化散文”

33)论陈祖芬的报告文学

34)论“第三代诗人”

35)论沙叶新的戏剧创作

36)论“京派”对老舍风格的继承

37)论陈忠实的《白鹿原》

38)论巴金的散文创作

39)论90年代的“新现实主义”小说

40)论90年代的“女性小说”

1)李白诗中的仙、侠精神。

2)论辛词的英雄情节

3)论杜诗沉郁顿挫的风格特色

4)论辛弃疾的“以文为词”

5)论韩愈的“以文为诗”。

6)“清空骚雅”、“幽韵冷香”的白石词。

7)关于白居易〈新乐府的评价

8)关汉卿杂剧中的女性形象

9)韩愈散文的艺术风格

10)元散曲的艺术风格

11)柳宗元的寓言创作

12)三国演义的艺术成就

13)唐传奇中的女性形象

14)水浒传的艺术成就

15)论杜牧的七言绝句

16)论归有光的散文

17)论李商隐的无题诗

18)牡丹亭的艺术成就

19)西蜀词与南唐词之比较

20)西游记的奇幼美与诙谐性

21)欧阳修词的艺术风格

22)金瓶梅人物论

23)欧阳修散文的情韵美

24)“三言”“二拍中经商题材的时代特色

25)王安石后期的诗歌

26)论纳兰性德词

27)苏轼词的主导风格

28)桃花扇人物论

29)秦观词的婉约风格

30)聊斋志异的艺术特色

31)红楼梦的悲剧精神

32)论易安体

33)论陆游诗歌的爱国主题

34)儒林外史的讽刺艺术

提供一些汉语言文学专业毕业论文的题目，供参考。一）、语言学方面：1、“对立原则和 ΧΧ 方言的音位”2、“互补原则和 ΧΧ 方言的音位”3、说汉语的音节4、说同音词5、说同义词6、说汉语的词类划分7、汉语的联合式构词法（偏正式，述补式也可以，任选一种）8、递归性和汉语的句法结构9、虚字和汉语的语法形式10、汉语的借词二）、现代汉语方面：1、现代汉语规范化问题研究（某一方面的问题）2、普通话语音研究（某一方面）3、ΧΧ作家（或 ΧΧ作品）语言研究4、网络汉语研究5、句式（或句型）研究（选择某些有特点的句式）6、现代汉语虚词研究（选择某些虚词）7、现代汉语词义研究（选择某类词）8、词典适意研究9、方言研究（某一方言某一方面的问题）10、语文政策和语言规划研究三）、汉语的优点和缺点：1、汉字和汉文化2、现代汉字学的研究内容3、限制和减少汉字字数4、部件研究5、坚持汉字简化的方向6、如何整理异体字7、如何整理异性词8、规范汉字的研究9、汉字的前途10、“修辞与语境”浅谈11、“修辞是一种创造性活动”之我见12、我对“修辞主体的修养”的认识13、我对“在社会的大课堂里学习修辞”的体会14、谈词语运用要做到“准确朴实”15、谈词语的“巧妙配合”16、谈“成语的活用”17、谈“叠用句”18、谈“四音节语音段落”19、谈“比喻”四）、古代汉语方面：1、对汉字性质的认识2、学习音韵学的心得综述3、段玉裁《说文解字注》对词义引申的分析4、对确认古汉语中词的同义关系（或其它关系）的看法5、对词义转移的分类考察6、以义为单位，给一部先秦文献（或其中的一部分）作词表（篇幅不宜过大）7、古代汉语“之”（三）字结构（或“其”字结构）研究8、古代汉语“所”字结构（或“者”字结构）研究9、古代汉语单句（或复句）研究10、古代汉语介词（或连词）研究五）、中国现当代文学方面：1、论鲁迅小说中的知识分子形象2、论郭沫若《女神》的艺术风格3、论曹禺《雷雨》的戏剧艺术4、论沈从文小说的文化内蕴5、论穆旦的诗6、论钱钟书《围城》7、论贾平凹的散文8、论王蒙小说语言艺术9、论余华的小说10、论20世纪80—90年代对赵树理的再评价11、评“样板戏”对李玉和，杨子荣，阿庆嫂三个人物的塑造12、舒婷诗作简析13、汪曾祺小说对中国当代小说文体创造的意义14、评王安忆的《长恨歌》15、评铁凝的《玫瑰门》16、从女性写作角度评陈染的创作17、论王朔的《动物凶猛》18、论韩东的诗歌写作19、鲁迅小说中的“黑色家族”简论20、茅盾笔下的上海都市图景—读《子夜》21、《无常》、《女吊》（鲁迅），《水里的东西》（周作人），《放猖》（废名）比较论《日出》中的次要人物（黄升三、福生）在戏剧结构中的作用。或《茶馆》人物论22、《我与地坛》文本细读23、艾青笔下的土地与太阳24、分析王安忆（或莫言、余华、铁凝）的一篇新创作的小说25、我读海子的诗26、重读寻根小说27、老舍与北京城（或“张爱玲与上海”、“王安忆与上海”、“汪曾祺笔下的昆明”、28、“贾平凹的商州系列散文”、“赵树理与山西”等）六）、中国古代文学方面：1、论《诗经》的赋、比、兴艺术2、论《诗经》的音乐性及其美学意义3、论《诗经》的婚恋诗4、论《诗经》中的妇女形象5、论《诗经》中的战争诗6、论《诗经》宴饮诗与礼乐文化精神7、论《诗经》的讽刺艺术8、孔子与《诗经》9、《诗经》作品研究（具体作品可任选）10、《诗经》与楚辞（词）比较论11、楚文化与楚辞12、屈原的爱国主义与浪漫主义13、论屈原的人格美14、论《离骚》的艺术构思15、屈原与庄子浪漫主义比较16、略论《九歌》的艺术成就17、屈原作品研究（具体篇章可任选）18、陶渊明的田园诗（可侧重内容，也可侧重艺术特色）19、王孟山水田园诗（可分别写王、孟，也可分写山水、田园）20、中唐山水田园诗（可选某一、二个作家，也可以比较研究）21、李白山水诗研究22、送别诗中意象研究（可集中写某一种，如美酒等）23、杜甫咏史怀古诗研究24、刘禹锡咏史怀古诗25、唐人咏物诗研究（可选择某一种，或某二、三中对比研究）26、宋人咏物词（诗）研究（可选不同词家咏同一物对比研究，如咏梅等）27、唐人送别诗研究（可选几家，或若干首对比研究）28、《琵琶行》29、关汉卿的杂剧创作30、关汉卿、马致远之比较31、《西厢记》32、《西厢记》、《牡丹亭》之比较33、汪道昆之短剧34、徐渭（谓）的《四声猿》35、汤显祖36、孟称舜37、沈自徵（徽）之剧作38、论唐传奇中的爱情小说39、试谈《三言》、《二拍》的时代特色40、谈《三国演义》中曹操形象的塑造41、论《水浒》的人物（任务）描写（亦可选择某一个人物，如论武松，论宋江，论李逵等）42、试谈《西游记》的艺术特色（或试论孙悟空形象）43、论西门庆形象的典型意义44、谈《儒林外史》的讽刺艺术45、论《聊斋志异》中花妖狐魅（魁）形象的艺术特色46、论王熙凤形象47、论《红楼梦》的细节描写48、论《红楼梦》整体反映生活的特色七）、二十世纪外国文学方面：1、卡夫卡小说中的异化主题2、《尤利西斯》中的“内心独白”技巧3、现代主义小说中的神话模式4、论存在主义作品中的荒谬感5、论罗格—格里耶小说中的“物化”6、《百年孤独》中对“魔幻”技巧的运用7、论《百年孤独》的叙事艺术8、论黑色幽默的杂糅手法9、博尔赫斯小说的玄学色彩10、论《日瓦格医生》中俄罗斯精神八）、中国古代文论方面：1、“诗言志”与“诗缘情”辨析2、先秦儒家文论研究3、先秦道家文艺观研究4、“发愤（奋）著书”说综论5、“文学自觉”说新探6、六朝人物品藻与文论之关系7、《文心雕龙》与《诗品》比较谈8、意境理论的确立和发展9、李渔戏曲理论研究10、金圣叹小说理论研究九）、西方文论方面：1、柏拉图“艺术模仿自然”解密2、柏拉图美学思想的特征3、论（译）亚里士多德的“净化”说4、贺拉斯《诗艺》与亚里士多德《诗学》比较5、布瓦洛《诗的艺术》再评述6、狄德罗“美在关系”说与车尔尼雪夫斯基“美是生活”说比较7、对莱辛《拉奥孔》的现代阐释8、康德美学思想与现代艺术9、译黑格尔的艺术发展观10、论黑格尔的自然美和艺术美11、论泰纳的文艺思想12、别林斯基与形象思维论13、车尔尼雪夫斯基美学的特征14、从叔本华到尼采15、现代主义与自我表现16、精神分析学和艺术学17、评卢卡契与布莱希特的论战18、詹姆逊论后现代主义十）、比较文学方面：1、李白咏（泳）月诗与法国波特莱尔所作咏月诗（见《巴黎的忧郁》、《恶之花》）的比较研究2、林纾译文一种与后来译文的比较研究3、从赛珍珠的小说《大地》看西方人对中国农民的误读4、王国维对西方文化的吸取和研究5、钱钟书论“通感”6、从《春江花月夜》看诗歌、音乐、舞蹈的关系7、从梁山伯祝英台故事到“梁祝小提琴协奏曲”看中西文学形式交流的可能十一）、美学方面：1、劳动与“自然人化”的美学意义2、论“审美关系是美的核心”3、美感特征简析4、论审美想象5、论悲剧与崇高6、论艺术的美学意义7、当代大众传媒和审美消费主义（注意）对传统艺术门类（诸如文学）的挑战8、论审美鉴赏的创造型9、论“审美具有解放人的性质”10、中国古代美学特色简析

关于英语语言学的论文，论文题目和主要内容已列出，供参考。链接附后1.题目：语言学英文版论文。主要内容：该论文主要讲词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。.题目：.英语专业毕业论文(语言学)——谈判英语文化差异。主要内容：该论文主要讲国际商务谈判中文化差异的影响，就是汉语习惯思维和西方语言文化之间表达的准确性对商务谈判带来的影响。.题目：外国语言学及应用语言学硕士论文：商务英语信函的词汇特点研究，主要内容：商务英语信函词汇的选择和应用多呈现如下7种特点：1)简单词汇的选择。2)具体词汇多于笼统词汇。3)褒义词多于贬义词。4)缩写词的选择。5)确切词汇多于模糊词汇。6)礼貌、客气的词汇多于不礼貌的词汇。7)商业术语的选择。产生的原因多取决于商务活动的和商业伙伴的合作关系。商务活动的双方均为达至双赢的进行合作。这是本文所分析的词汇特点产生的主要原因。