金融国外优秀短论文

The development of modern financeFirst, the financial problem of the uncertainty(A) the uncertainty of the field in the application of asset pricing1. Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing ModelIn the framework of the financial analysis, introduction of the concept of uncertainty is a major role. First Kenes (1936) and Hicks (1939) proposed the concept of risk compensation that the financial products in the presence of uncertainty, should interest rates in different financial products in compensation for additional risks. Subsequently, Von Neumann (1947) applied the concept of expected utility of the proposed settlement in the decision-making under uncertainty in the method chosen, on this basis Markowiz (1952) developed a portfolio theory, he thought when investors choose portfolio concerned only with future cash flow of the mean and variance. He assumed that the expected utility of investors consistent with secondary distribution or multinomial distribution. Markowiz The main conclusions are subject to uncertainty, optimal decision-making is a diversified investment holding. Tobin (1958) that investor liquidity preferences for their own benefits and risks of different options for the balance. This further improved the framework of portfolio choice the field of asset pricing model is another well-known theory of capital pricing model (CAPM), Sharp (1994) and Lintner (1995) using the formula succinctly expressed the portfolio value and risk-free interest rate and the level of risk assets, the relationship between . Black (1972) introduced even in the non-risk assets zones remained the case, Sharp and the CAPM formula is still valid, just without the risk of interest rates are including the entire market on all assets of the portfolio rate of return instead of the 预期. Contemporary with the CAPM model of the asset pricing model also Ross (1977) arbitrage pricing model (APT) and Lucas (1978) the typical agent asset pricing by CAPM asset pricing model for asset pricing provides a simple method of calculation, and obtain some support from empirical studies (Fama and Macbeth, 1973), but in reality some of the anomalies is still a lack of effective explanatory power, Brennan (1989) that the CAPM is based on the expectations of all investors in the investment and risk are common in estimates and judgments, and all investors the same utility function based on the assumption that this assumption is inconsistent with the reality This is leading to some practical problems CAPM on the root causes of the lack of explanatory power. It is beyond doubt on these assumptions, to promote the introduction of the concept of asymmetric information and . Market efficiency hypothesisMarket efficiency hypothesis that in a perfectly competitive market, there is no asymmetric information and market frictions affect the future earnings of the average investment risk is different. 60s in the 20th century a large number of research workers on the market efficiency hypothesis was tested, Fama (1973) through empirical tests on the . stock market, that the efficient market hypothesis holds, but many researchers found that in the market, There are many market efficiency hypothesis or CAPM model can not explain the abnormal phenomenon. For example, Basu (1977) found that the average earnings assets, in addition to the β coefficient of the CAPM, but also with the price earnings ratio of assets (P / E ratio) is related to the same β coefficient, the higher the price earnings ratio stocks (growth stocks) better than the market price of the low price earnings ratio of stocks (value stocks); Benz (1981) found that the market price of the stock with the size of the listed company; Stattman (1980) found that stock prices and the ratio of book value (P / B ratio) is also an important factor affecting stock prices. Fama and French (1993) On the basis of the above three-factor model proposed that the impact of asset prices in the β factors, joined the P / E ratio and P / B ratio interpretation of these anomalies, the efficient market hypothesis seems powerless, someone had tried the "January effect" to the end of Shuishou interpreted as the impact of outflow, but in the United Kingdom, Australia, the annual revenue of the country is not in December, there are still "in January effect "can not be explained. Some scholars from a psychological perspective to explain these anomalies, such as, Dreman (1982) the stock price P / E ratio effect interpreted as the investor always overestimate growth stocks with high growth, leading to market high P / E ratio of stock market was overvalued, that it is a reason for low stock . Continuous time modelIn asset pricing theory is another important assumption: stock market is always in a continuous process, under this assumption, Merton (1969,1971) to develop instantaneous CAPM Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM), the same information symmetry, frictionless market, asset price changes in line with Ito process under these conditions, asset prices and investor preference for independent effectiveness. In subsequent studies Merton (1973) and Black (1973) The application of these continuous-time model has been successful in the option pricing formula, the formula was later confirmed that a large number of empirical studies and has been widely applied in practice.(B) the uncertainty of financial management in the company ofFinancial analysis is another important area of financial management, major research firms in the investment decision-making in the proportion of the debt and equity options, the company's dividend policy and other issues. Results of the first studies in this area by the Modigliani and Miller (1958) made their study shows that full market (no market frictions and asymmetric information exists) the value of the company has nothing to do with the company's debt ratio (MM theorem). A similar study concludes that the value of the company's profit distribution policy has nothing to do. Obviously, these research findings and practical in reality. MM theorem based on the conclusions in the distribution of profits, due to the cash outflow will be sent found Jinhong Li, the Company repurchased shares will be more willing to choose policies, rather than the dividend policy, in reality, many companies prefer to dividends rather than Share buy-back, this phenomenon is Black (1976) referred to as "Company dividend puzzle (Dividend Puzzle)", which Miller (1977) can give the explanation, MM theorem conclusion is that the reason and the reality of different tax and the so-called bankruptcy costs on the financial structure is the result of certain liabilities of the company can achieve the role of tax relief, another company because of the existence of high debt ratio risk of bankruptcy, so the debt ratio to the value of existing shares affected, Miller and Other scholars make on these financial problems are not very satisfactory interpretation of the whole until later after the introduction of asymmetric information, it seems Caidui explain these issues to achieve a mentioned above, some of the phenomena of reality is difficult to simply use the uncertainty (risk) to get a satisfactory explanation, it is in the research of these issues raises the question of asymmetric information on financial concerns, plus last 60 years in the 20th century to game theory, represented a breakthrough in the information economy research methods, leading many scholars to the financial problems of asymmetric information in the study achieved a lot, especially the use of asymmetric information can explain a lot of perfectly the financial structure issues. Following is an overview of this still results in two parts, first in the results of financial decision-making, followed by the asset pricing results.(A) asymmetric information in corporate financial management application

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金融学分析论文范文

论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。下面是我精心整理的金融学分析论文范文，欢迎大家分享。

摘要：

自从2002年行为金融学家Kahneman获得诺贝尔经济学奖以后，国内对行为金融学的研究不断涌现。就当前我国证券投资者行为的行为金融学研究进行了总结分析，并对行为金融学的研究作了展望。

关键词：

行为金融学；有限套利；羊群行为

行为金融学（BehavioralFinance）是金融学的最新研究前沿，它突破了传统金融学“理性人”、完全套利和EMH的假设，从投资者的实际决策心理出发，重新审视主宰金融市场的人的因素对市场的影响，使研究更接近实际。该理论在上世纪80至90年代得到迅速的发展。行为金融学家美国普林斯顿大学的Kahneman获得2002年度的诺贝尔经济学奖，从而使得这一理论受到全球金融界的关注。

国外行为金融学的发展，引起我国学者的高度重视，1999年北京大学刘力教授在《经济科学》第三期发表的《行为金融理论对效率市场假说的挑战》一文，是我国最早系统介绍行为金融理论的文章。2002年行为金融学被诺贝尔经济学奖的肯定后，国内掀起了行为金融学介绍和研究的热潮。2003年11月29日，在南京大学举办了全国首次行为金融学与资本市场学术研讨会，将国内行为金融学的研究推向了高潮。

1、对投资者的心理研究

金晓斌、唐利民（2000）统计分析显示，在影响股市异常波动的因素中政策性因素是最重要的因素，其影响远大于市场因素、扩容因素、消息因素和其他因素。孙培源、施东晖（2002）通过对1992-2002年初上海股市52次异常波动的分析表明，由政策性因素引起的异常波动达30次之多，而且当月出台的政策对该月的股价波动具有显著的影响，直接影响投资者入市的意愿和交投的活跃程度，中国个体证券投资者存在政策依赖性偏差。利好政策的颁布导致在相当长的交易周期内投资者交易频率明显上升，加剧了投资者的过度自信倾向，而利空政策出台却导致在较长的交易周期内投资者的交易频率大幅度下降，表现出较强的过度恐惧心理。这种强烈的“政策依赖”倾向是中国证券市场有中国特色的一种现象。张华庆（2003）认为中国证券投资者的行为有明显的过度反应的倾向，而深层次的根源是投资者的.种种心理偏差，其结果将导致市场会对信息或政策的反应超过应有的幅度，加剧了市场的波动性，导致市场风险的放大。这些心理偏差包括过度自信、过度乐观、赌博心理、暴富心理、从众心理以及过度恐惧心理。

2、对投资者有限套利行为的研究

现代金融理论普遍认为，当金融资产的价格存在误定时，众多的“理性套利者”就会在相应低估的资产上“做多”，而在高估的资产上“做空”，不但可以最终消除价格误定，而且可以获得无风险利润，从而使市场保持有效性。应该说套利机制是金融市场的重要机制，套利行为的存在具有“价值发现”的功能，它推动着资产价格向基本价值的回归。但是，中国的证券市场有以下特征：信息的获得是有成本的；信息的传递存在时间与空间上的差异，交易者并不能同时获取信息；交易者的行为是存在着差异的，并非都是理性的；交易者所持有的信息是不对称的。因此，机构投资者凭借优势，往往扮演着理性套利者的角色，而个人投资者却因先天不足沦为噪声交易者。张华庆（2003）认为，在中国证券市场中，当理性套利者进行套利时，不仅要面对基础性因素变动的风险，还要面对噪声交易者非理性预期变动的风险。在噪声交易者的影响下，不但理性套利者的收益将受到影响，甚至会导致越来越多的基金经理放弃原来奉行的成长型或价值型投资理念，在某种程度上蜕化为“追逐热点、短线运作”的投资方式。

3、对投资者羊群行为的研究

“羊群行为”（HerdingBehavior）是信息连锁反应导致的一种行为方式，当个体依据其它行为主体的行为而选择采取类似的行为时就会产生“羊群行为”。换而言之，当“羊群行为”产生时，个体趋向于一致行动，即所谓的“赶潮流（Bandwagon）”，这时个人往往放弃自己所掌握的信息和信号而附和他人的行为，虽然他们所掌握的信息和信号，按理性分析可能显示他们应采取另外一种完全不同的行为。宋军、吴冲锋（2001）使用个股收益率的分散度指标，使用市场公开的价格数据，对于我国证券市场的羊群行为进行了实证研究。结果发现我国证券市场的羊群行为程度高于美国证券市场的羊群行为程度，在市场收益率极低时的羊群行为程度远远高于在市场收益率极高时的羊群行为程度，这个结果可以用期望理论中决策者对于损失、收益的不同态度来解释。孙培源、施东晖（2002）根据资本资产定价模型（CAPM）建立了较为灵敏的检验羊群行为的回归模型，并据此对我国股市进行了实证检验。结果表明：在政策干预频繁和信息不对称的严重的市场环境下，我国股市存在一定程度的羊群行为，并导致系统风险在总风险中占有较大比例。从投资运作层面来看，羊群行为将削弱组合投资分散风险的效果，特别是在市场发生大幅度涨跌时，通过多元化投资分散风险的效果将极为有限。就政策层面而言，羊群行为意味着投资者的买卖决策并非基于理性的决策过程，因此股价极有可能偏离其均衡价值，从而破坏了市场的价格发现功能和资源配置功能。常志平（2002）采用横截面收益绝对差（CrossSectionalAbsoluteDeviationofReturns，CSAD)方法，对我国股票市场是否存在“羊群行为”进行了实证检验。结果发现：在上涨行情中，我国深圳证券市场与上海证券市场均不存在“羊群行为”；但在下跌行情中，深圳证券市场与上海证券市场均存在“羊群行为”。并且深圳证券市场比上海证券市场具有更多的“羊群行为”。张华庆（2003）指出“羊群行为”对中国证券价格会产生一定的影响：由于“羊群行为”者往往抛弃自己的私人信息追随别人，这会导致市场信息传递链的中断；如果“羊群行为”超过某一限度，将诱发另一个重要的市场现象——过度反应的出现，使中国证券市场的稳定性下降；所有“羊群行为”的发生基础都是信息的不完全性，因此，一旦市场的信息状态发生变化，如新信息的到来，“羊群行为”就会瓦解，这意味着“羊群行为”具有不稳定性和脆弱性。

4、行为金融学在我国的应用性研究展望

对实证研究结果的应用

从以上可以看出证券市场的参与者存在一定的非理性，而且市场也不是完全有效的。如何克服这些非理性，使投资者能在并非完全有效的市场生存，是市场参与者最想解决的问题之一。

对参与者的心理学实证研究

从以上可以看出针对市场参与者的心理学实证研究，一般还是基于行为金融学的旧有框架中的心理学理论，今后的研究应该更多地结合中国文化、国情或者利用更多心理学的最新研究成果，只有这样的研究才更适合中国的现实。

在金融产品的设计和销售上的应用研究

随着我国的金融改革进一步深入，出现了越来越多的金融产品。金融产品的开发和销售变得也越来越重要。其实，人们对于经济学和心理学相结合的研究最早就是从消费者心理学开始的，隶属于市场营销学中的消费者行为学是一门理论系统完整的科学。其中对消费者的调查、研究方法完全可以借鉴与行为金融学的实证方法相结合用以来研究金融产品的购买者的行为，根据投资者的不同偏好来设计金融产品，制定营销战略，从而为金融产品的开发和销售打出一片新天地。

参考文献

［1］金晓斌，唐利民．政策与股票投资者博弈分析［J］．海通证券研究报告，2000．

［2］宋军，吴冲锋．基于分散度的金融市场的羊群行为研究［J］．经济研究，2001，（11）．

［3］孙培源，施东晖．基于CAPM的中国股市羊群行为研究——兼与宋军、吴冲锋先生商榷［J］．经济研究，2002，（2）．

［4］常志平．基于上证30及深圳成指的我国股票市场“羊群行为”的实证研究［J］．预测，2002，（3）．