纳米材料的英文论文

纳米生物医药材料包括纳米生物医用材料、纳米药物及药物的纳米化技术。纳米材料与技术在生物医药材料上有广泛的应用前景。1994年10月在第二届国际纳米材料学术会议上美国普林斯顿大学一位教授在邀请报告中乐观地估计，纳米材料在21世界很可能成为生物医药材料的核心材料，这是因为生物体的骨骼、牙齿等都发现有纳米结构如纳米磷灰石的存在；贝壳、甲虫壳、珊瑚等天然材料具有特别优异的力学性能，它们是上被某种有机黏合剂连接的有序排列的纳米碳酸钙颗粒构成的。颗粒在1～100mm范围内的材料被称为纳米材料，纳米颗粒的粒径比毛细血管通路还小1～2个数量级，因而可用磁性纳米材料定向载体，通过磁性导航系统将药物输到病变部位释放，增强疗效，被称为“生物导弹”；特殊的纳米粒子还可进入细胞内部结构从而达到基因治疗的目的。作为药物的载体，纳米材料在生物医药领域尽可一展身手，纳为微粒在控制药物释放中具有重要的作用；而将给米微粒与其他材料相复合制成多种多样的复合材料更可以产生许多新奇的优良特性。药物的纳米化有利于药物被肌体的吸收或靶向控制释放，大幅提高药物的生物利用度。简而言之，纳米生物医药材料就是纳米材料和纳米技术与生物医用材料和药物的交叉。开展纳米生物医药材料的研究无疑将会为人类社会的进步做出巨大的贡献。 Nano-materials, bio-medicine, including bio-medical nano-materials, nano-drug and drug-nanometer technology. Nano-materials and technology in biomedical materials on a wide range of applications. In October 1994 at the Second International Symposium on nano-materials, Princeton University Professor at the invitation of a report optimistic that the 21 nano-materials in the world is likely to become a biomedical materials at the core material, which is due to biological Body of bone, teeth, have found that nano-structures, such as the existence of nano-apatite; shells, beetle shells, coral, and other natural materials, in particular with excellent mechanical properties, which are being connected to some kind of organic adhesive and orderly arranged Nano-particles consisting of calcium carbonate. 1 ~ 100mm particles in the range of material known as nano-materials, nano-size particles smaller than the capillary channel 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, which can be used magnetic nano-materials targeted vector through magnetic navigation system will be lost to the drug lesion Release to enhance the efficacy, referred to as "biological missile"; special nanoparticles can enter the cells of the internal structure so as to achieve the purpose of gene therapy. As a drug carrier, nano-materials in the biomedical field of a possible test their abilities, satisfied for the control of particles in drug delivery plays an important role; meters and will have with other particles made of composite materials with a wide variety of composite materials can be more Many new characteristics of the fine. Nano-based drugs will help the body's absorption of the drug was targeted or controlled release, a substantial increase in drug bioavailability. In short, biomedical nano-materials and nano-materials is nano-technology and bio-medical materials and medicines cross. Nano-materials to carry out biomedical research in human society would no doubt have made great progress.

英文？我又不是博览群书，呵呵sorry，我不能帮到你哦

From size, it usually generate significant changes in chemical and physical properties of small particle size in microns (note 1 m = 100 centimeters, 1 centimeter = 10,000 microns, 1 micron = 10 nanometers, 1 nano = 10 ella), namely below 100 nanometers. Therefore, particle size in 1 ~ 100 nanometer particles called ultra fime grain materials, is also a kind of nanometer materials. Nano metal material is the middle of 1980s, then the successful development of field contains nano semiconducting film, nano ceramic, nano CiXing materials and nano biomedical materials. Nanoscale structure material referred to as the nanometer material (nano material), is to show its structure unit size between 1 nano ~ 100 nanometer range between. Because of its size is close to electronic coherence length, and its nature because strong coherent brings the self-organization makes properties change greatly. And, its scale has come close to the wavelength of light, plus its surface with large special effect, thus its display properties, such as melting point, magnetic, optical, heat conductivity, conductive properties etc, often is different from the substance in overall state behavior of nature. Nanoparticles material called utrasmall particle materials from the nanoparticles (nano distinguish) composition. Nanoparticles also called utrasmall particle size, generally means within 1 ~ 100nm between particles, is in atom clusters and macro objects at the junction of the transition region, from the macro and micro usually on the viewpoint, this system not only atypical microscopic system also atypical macroscopic systems, is a kind of typical mesoscopic system, has the surface effect, small size effect and the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. When people put the macro object subdivided into utrasmall particle (nanometer level), it will display a lot of exotic characteristics, namely its optical, heat, electricity, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of solid and bulky than when there will be significant generalized range including nano materials technology and nano machining technology, nano measurement technology, nano application technology, etc. One nanometer material technology focuses on nano functional material production (superfine powder, coating, nano modified materials etc), performance testing technology (chemical composition, microstructure and surface morphology and geophysical, geochemical and electric, magnetic and optical properties, such as heat and). Nano machining technology contains precision machining technology (energy beam machining, etc) and scanning probe techniques. Nanomaterials has certain uniqueness, when matter scale small to certain degree, then have to switch to quantum mechanics to replace traditional mechanical view to describe its behavior, when powder particles size by 10 micron drop to 10 nano, its size is changed for 1,000 times, but converted volume is ten nine 4k times the giant, so both behavior will generate obvious difference. Nanoparticles are different from large physical reason is in the surface area of the relative increase, namely utrasmall particle surface was full of ladder shape structure, the structure with high surface can represent the unrest atoms. This kind of atomic extremely easily with foreign atomic adsorption of bonding, at the same time because narrow particle size and provides large surface activity of atoms. It is melting point, nano powder due to each particle constituent atoms less, surface atomic in instability, make its surface lattice vibration amplitude of the bigger, so has the high surface energy, causing utrasmall particle unique thermal property, also is caused by melting down, as nano powder will than traditional powder easy in low temperature sintering and become good sintering promote materials从尺寸大小来说，通常产生物理化学性质显著变化的细小微粒的尺寸在微米以下（注1米＝100厘米，1厘米＝10000微米，1微米＝1000纳米，1纳米＝10埃），即100纳米以下。因此，颗粒尺寸在1～100纳米的微粒称为超微粒材料，也是一种纳米材料。 纳米金属材料是20世纪80年代中期研制成功的，后来相继问世的有纳米半导体薄膜、纳米陶瓷、纳米瓷性材料和纳米生物医学材料等。 纳米级结构材料简称为纳米材料(nano material)，是指其结构单元的尺寸介于1纳米～100纳米范围之间。由于它的尺寸已经接近电子的相干长度，它的性质因为强相干所带来的自组织使得性质发生很大变化。并且，其尺度已接近光的波长，加上其具有大表面的特殊效应，因此其所表现的特性，例如熔点、磁性、光学、导热、导电特性等等，往往不同于该物质在整体状态时所表现的性质。 纳米颗粒材料又称为超微颗粒材料，由纳米粒子(nano particle)组成。纳米粒子也叫超微颗粒，一般是指尺寸在1～100nm间的粒子，是处在原子簇和宏观物体交界的过渡区域，从通常的关于微观和宏观的观点看，这样的系统既非典型的微观系统亦非典型的宏观系统，是一种典型的介观系统，它具有表面效应、小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应。当人们将宏观物体细分成超微颗粒（纳米级）后，它将显示出许多奇异的特性，即它的光学、热学、电学、磁学、力学以及化学方面的性质和大块固体时相比将会有显著的不同。 纳米技术的广义范围可包括纳米材料技术及纳米加工技术、纳米测量技术、纳米应用技术等方面。其中纳米材料技术着重于纳米功能性材料的生产（超微粉、镀膜、纳米改性材料等），性能检测技术（化学组成、微结构、表面形态、物、化、电、磁、热及光学等性能）。纳米加工技术包含精密加工技术（能量束加工等）及扫描探针技术。 纳米材料具有一定的独特性，当物质尺度小到一定程度时，则必须改用量子力学取代传统力学的观点来描述它的行为，当粉末粒子尺寸由10微米降至10纳米时，其粒径虽改变为1000倍，但换算成体积时则将有10的9次方倍之巨，所以二者行为上将产生明显的差异。 纳米粒子异于大块物质的理由是在其表面积相对增大，也就是超微粒子的表面布满了阶梯状结构，此结构代表具有高表面能的不安定原子。这类原子极易与外来原子吸附键结，同时因粒径缩小而提供了大表面的活性原子。 就熔点来说，纳米粉末中由于每一粒子组成原子少，表面原子处于不安定状态，使其表面晶格震动的振幅较大，所以具有较高的表面能量，造成超微粒子特有的热性质，也就是造成熔点下降，同时纳米粉末将比传统粉末容易在较低温度烧结，而成为良好的烧结促进材料。 一般常见的磁性物质均属多磁区之集合体，当粒子尺寸小至无法区分出其磁区时，即形成单磁区之磁性物质。因此磁性材料制作成超微粒子或薄膜时，将成为优异的磁性材料。 纳米粒子的粒径（10纳米～100纳米）小于光波的长，因此将与入射光产生复杂的交互作用。金属在适当的蒸发沉积条件下，可得到易吸收光的黑色金属超微粒子，称为金属黑，这与金属在真空镀膜形成高反射率光泽面成强烈对比。纳米材料因其光吸收率大的特色，可应用于红外线感测器材料。 纳米技术在世界各国尚处于萌芽阶段，美、日、德等少数国家，虽然已经初具基础，但是尚在研究之中，新理论和技术的出现仍然方兴未艾。我国已努力赶上先进国家水平，研究队伍也在日渐壮大。