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外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章，和你的设计题目相似的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，这就是外文翻译，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下，不要很具体，因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍，文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。
CS方向sci三区的一个小刊，之前也是major revision，大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC，虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
阅读翻译外文文献是毕业论文撰写过程中一个非常重要的环节。毕业论文外文文献翻译应采取的策略包括研读原文、提纲表达、修改润色等。毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧主要包括词类转换技巧、结构调整技巧、被动句的翻译技巧等。一毕业论文外文文献翻译外文文献包括英文、俄文、德文、法文、日文等多语种文献，本文以最通用的英文作为叙述语种。从近几年毕业论文外文文献翻译情况来看，一些学生翻译出来的文献内容不自然、不流畅、难懂、费解，甚至不知所云。究其原因，主要是由于学生普遍使用了Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸和CNKI“翻译助手”等翻译软件所致，并没有掌握翻译的基本方法与技巧，严重影响了外文文献翻译的质量。随着科学技术的迅猛发展和信息时代的到来，电子翻译（EleetroniCTarnslation）系统被人们广泛应用，但目前的电子翻译软件尚不完善，在翻译的过程中仍存在一些问题。现存翻译软件只是停留在单词与单词的直接转换阶段，一旦遇到一词多义的情况，系统便无法自行做出正确选择，译文也就会出错。而人工翻译则是通过对上下文的理解及长期的文化知识积累，准确地选择词义的。翻译人员通常只是参考词汇译文的意义，对于句子的表达方式则根据具体情况进行灵活地处理。机译的工作原理决定了翻译软件充其量只能达到人脑翻译的科学性要求，根本无法达到高度的艺术性的要求。基于此，学生不应盲目使用翻译软件，而应掌握一些翻译的策略和技巧，加强翻译训练，不断提高自身的翻译水平。二毕业论文外文文献翻译的基本策略01研读原文毕业论文外文文献翻译首先应真正读懂原文。具体来说，就是要理解句子和文献的真正含义，明确原文的主旨，准确理解原文内容本身的含义及与之相关的外延和内涵，还应抓住原文的中心思想和寓意，根据上下文理顺逻辑关系，确保文理清晰、译文准确。02提纲表达其次，应在透彻理解原文的基础上，写出译文提纲。首先，要研究文献的语法内容，如语态、时态等；要研究句子的结构，如恰当的词汇和句型等；要研究遣词用句，如充实单词或句子等。其次，要依照逻辑思维和语篇层次理顺全文。03修改润色译文初稿形成后，应从语法上检查，从语篇上分析，从逻辑上推敲，与原文对照，查看是否有错译漏译现象，看看有没有不合适和不通顺的尚需要进行润色加工的地方。三毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧翻译并非简单的文字词汇互换，它涉及语言结构、思维模式、风俗习惯、社会文化、传播媒介等方方面面的知识，需要运用恰当的翻译方法和技巧，准确通顺地将一种语言文字转换成另一种语言文字。毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧主要包括词类转换技巧、结构调整技巧和被动句的翻译技巧等。
毕业设计的外文翻译，一般都有涉及专业知识英语，有的确实比较难翻译。个人认为，只要你不是外语专业的，一般的专业应该对外文的翻译要求不会特别严格吧，重点还是要把中文部分的写好呢。我之前用的方法是根据中文编写的毕业设计内容，逐段在线翻译查询加上自身的英语语法理解再仔细推敲每句话的合理性，才翻译成的。需要提醒的是，网上查到的逐句的翻译基本是直译的，比如部分专有名词你会发现直译过来的会让你哭笑不得，你可以多查下专业书的附录，一般后面有附专业名词英文表。基本在线翻译过来的语句很多都得自己根据英语语法等知识再做调整，这也是它比较难的地方。
CS方向sci三区的一个小刊，之前也是major revision，大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC，虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章，和你的设计题目相似的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，这就是外文翻译，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下，不要很具体，因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍，文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
主要就是中英文摘要吧，正文应该不用哦。文献综述如果引用的是国外的，自己在正文中是引用翻译成中文的内容。
随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。越来越多的管理者认为实行计算机科学化管理是解决这一问题的关键。 物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。采用计算机软件管理信息是解决上述问题的一个行之有效的办法。 物流管理软件，就是根据物流运输企业业务流程，将企业业务的各类数据联系起来，组成一个有机的系统，使得业务、财务、市场等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地传递，并经过综合处理生成各种报表送交给各个职能部门及决策层。应用物流管理软件系统不仅可以节省大量的人力，减少工作中的失误，对客户的询问可以迅速的从电脑中查询信息答复客户，而且可以帮助决策者及时调整公司经营策略，提高公司在同行业中的知名度，增强公司的竞争力。 过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。 随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。 （一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。 （二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。 （三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。 （四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。 （五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。 （六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。 （七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。 （八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。 （九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。 （十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。 Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key. The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procedure, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means. The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and produces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reduces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power. In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure. Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major tendencies. (1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly. (2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion. (3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the production material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development gradually by the forecast foundation. (4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive. (5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions. (6) changes the procedure conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procedure -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procedure type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point. (7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better product and the service. (8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system. (9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procedure to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the individual personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development. (10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation
家庭作坊对于他们自己制作的货物使用自己的运输袋运输或者他们的家庭晚餐通过外卖而得到是什么样的呢？从而运输导致货物的消耗量增加了吗？ 至少，一个家庭有助于商业公司在货物的分发和服务。更加典型的是，一个家庭在自己的区域是一个独立自主的物流运输系统。消费者物流系统激发了不同的运输活动就像存放食物在容器为未来使用，减少大块脱水食品和对亲戚传递圣诞节包装礼物。 在最有效的水平，消费者物流系统通过执行商业物流系统来完成大范围的运输活动。翻译了一段，真的好累，隔行如隔山
请问,这个文献的作者是谁啊
is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including energy and people, between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers (frequently, and originally, military organizations). Logistics involve the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material-handling, and packaging.Origins and definitionThe term "logistics" originates from the ancient Greek "λόγος" ("logos"—"ratio, word, calculation, reason, speech, oration").Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, there were military officers with the title ‘Logistikas’ who were responsible for financial and supply distribution matters.The Oxford English dictionary defines logistics as: “The branch of military science having to do with procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities.”Another dictionary definition is: "The time related positioning of resources." As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering which creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems"....LogisticianLogistician is the profession in the logistics & transport sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional qualifications for the logisticians can carry post-nominal letters. Common examples include FCILT/CMILT/MILT (by The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport) (CILT), EJLog/ESLog/EMLog (by European Logistics Association) (ELA), PLog (by Canadian Professional Logistics Institute), CML/CPL (by International Society of Logistics) (SOLE), JrLog/Log/SrLog (by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing) (CFLP), FHKLA/MHKLA (by Hong Kong Logistics Association) (HKLA), PLS/CTL/DLP (by American Society of Transportation & Logistics) (AST&L). However, some universities and academic institutions do help in producing logisticians, by offering academic degree programmes at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, too.Military logisticsIn military logistics, logistics officers manage how and when to move resources to the places they are needed. In military science, maintaining one's supply lines while disrupting those of the enemy is a crucial—some would say the most crucial—element of military strategy, since an armed force without resources and transportation is defenseless.The defeat of the British in the American War of Independence, and the defeat of Erwin Rommel in World War II, have been largely attributed to logistical failure.[citation needed] The historical leaders Hannibal Barca, Alexander the Great and the Duke of Wellington are considered to have been logistical geniuses.Another field within logistics is called Medical logistics.Logistics managementLogistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician.The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport (CILT) was established in the United Kingdom in 1919 and was granted the Royal Charter in 1926. The Chartered Institute is one of professional bodies or institutions for the logistics & transport sectors, that offers such professional qualification or degree in logistics management.Logistics Management SoftwareSoftware is used for logistics automation which helps the supply chain industry in automating the work flow as well as management of the system. There are very few generalized software available in the new market in the said topology. This is because there is no rule to generalize the system as well as work flow even though the practice is more or less the same. Most of the commercial companies do use one or the other custom solution.But there are various software that are being used within the departments of logistics. Few department in Logistics are namely, Conventional Department, Container department, Warehouse, Marine Engineering, Heavy haulage, Etc.The softwares that are used in these departments are,Conventional department : CVT software / CTMS software /Container Trucking: CTMS software /Warehouse : WMS /Business logisticsLogistics as a business concept evolved only in the 1950s. This was mainly due to the increasing complexity of supplying one's business with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, calling for experts in the field who are called Supply Chain Logisticians. This can be defined as having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price and is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logistics work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies.In business, logistics may have either internal focus (inbound logistics), or external focus (outbound logistics) covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption (see supply chain management). The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions so that there is a coordination of resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics. One optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes. The other coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out some project.Production logisticsThe term is used for describing logistic processes within an industry. The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine and workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and quality at the right point in time.The issue is not the transportation itself, but to streamline and control the flow through the value adding processes and eliminate non-value adding ones. Production logistics can be applied in existing as well as new plants. Manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing process. Machines are exchanged and new ones added, which gives the opportunity to improve the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and capital efficiency.Production logistics is getting more and more important with the decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (e.g. mobile phone) batch size one is the short term aim. This way even a single customer demand can be fulfilled in an efficient way. Track and tracing, which is an essential part of production logistics - due to product safety and product reliability issues - is also gaining importance especially in the automotive and the medical industry.物流，最早是在二战中，围绕战争物资供应，美国军队建立的「后勤」（Logistics）理论为原型的。当时的「后勤」是指将战时物资生产、采购、运输、配给等活动作为一个整体进行统一布置，以求战略物资补给的费用更低、速度更快、服务更好。后来，将“后勤”体系移植到现代经济生活中，才逐步演变为今天的物流。物流系统也可像互联网般，促进全球化。在贸易上，若要更进一步与世界连系，就得靠良好的物流管理系统。我们手上的商品很多是‘游历’各国后才来到的。原料可能来自马来西亚和泰国，加工可能在新加坡，生产却在中国，最后才入口到美国。产品的「游历」”路线就是由物流师计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。目标就是要快且低开销。物流是一个控制原材料、制成品、产成品和信息的系统。 物质资料从供给者到需求者的物理运动，是创造时间价值、场所价值和一定的加工价值的活动。 物流是指物质实体从供应者向需求者的物理移动，它由一系列创造时间价值和空间价值的经济活动组成，包括运输、保管、配送、包装、装卸、流通加工及物流信息处理等多项基本活动，是这些活动的统一。 [编辑] 物流师物流师（Logistician）即是负责物流系统管理的专才。物流师就是一个专家，地位与会计师、律师、医生或工程师同等。1919年，英国成立了专业的物流组织，并在7年的时间内 (1926年)，就取得英皇的认同，成立了英国皇家特许物流与运输专院 (The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport) (CILT)。英国皇家特许物流与运输专院院士 (Chartered Member) 就是一个专业物流师。如今，世界上也有其他专业的物流组织，如欧洲专业物流协会 (European Logistics Association) (ELA)，香港物流协会 (Hong Kong Logistics Association) (HKLA)，中国物流与采购联合会 (China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing) (CFLP)，美国国际专业物流协会 (International Society of Logistics) (SOLE) 及 美国运输与物流协会 (American Society of Transportation & Logistics) (AST&L) 所检定及认可的专业物流师。物流管理物流管理是指在社会再生产过程中，根据物质资料实体流动的规律，应用管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。如今，物流管理的专业知识被运用在贸易上，连系了整个世界。参见第一方物流 第二方物流 第三方物流 第四方物流 第五方物流 供应链 物流管理 后勤学（军事物流学） 物流系统论 现代物流技术 集装单元装卸搬运技术 散料装卸搬运技术 自动仓储系统技术 流通加工技术 物流包装技术 物流信息技术 条码技术 EDI技术 地理信息系统GIS 全球卫星定位系统GPS 智能交通系统ITS 射频识别RFID 可追溯性 (物流) 物流企业
即便我们退一万步来讲，最后确实修改后依然不符合这个期刊的要求，退稿之后那我们也是可以选择其他期刊的，所以不用担心论文发表不了，这个时候心态重要，相信自己！我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错，你可以考虑一下。可以加速去知道下。
有字数或字符数要求看你们学校的要求了
看你是什么级别的毕业论文了，名校博士的话别说是一篇文章，一本书也可能得全部翻译。而渣校本科生可能也就翻译个三五千字的小文献，大型的那种几十万字的文章也就翻译个重点段落就可以了。
一般是的，借助翻译软件还是很快的有些学校是说翻译的中文数字达到一定的数量，这样对应的英文就可能不是一整篇，不过这也无所谓，找一篇英文少一点的，随便翻译就可以了
一般包括自我介绍、答辩人陈述、提问与答辩、总结和致谢五部分。
1、自我介绍：自我介绍作为答辩的开场白，包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑，礼貌得体的介绍自己，争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。
2、答辩人陈述：收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始，接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容，其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。文章的创新部分;结论、价值和展望;自我评价。
3、提问与答辩：答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后，是答辩中相对灵活的环节，有问有答，是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题，采用由浅入深的顺序提问，采取答辩人当场作答的方式。
4、总结：上述程序一一完毕，代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程，做总结陈述，包括两方面的总结：毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评：成绩、不足、建议。
5、致谢：感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。
以上就是环球青藤小编关于本科生的毕业论文答辩流程的相关分享，希望对各位小伙伴们有所帮助，想要了解更多毕业论文相关的内容，欢迎大家关注本平台。
英语专业本科毕业论文答辩流程及技巧
对于英专的孩子来说，好不容易过了专四和专八，又迎来了毕业之前的最后一道难题那就是毕业论文。英语专业的毕业论文有一定难度，对于本科生来说，这是他们第一次正儿八经的写一篇学术意义的论文，当然不能跟研究生论文相提并论。但是阻拦毕业的最后一道坎就是毕业论文答辩，那么对英语专业的毕业论文答辩有什么技巧吗?这里着重介绍一般性的流程和简单的技巧，祝大神们能早日顺利毕业!英语本科阶段的论文答辩主要分为两部分：自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题。明白了什么是答辩之后，下面就是一些前期的准备工作了。
常见问题：
(1)关于选题：如Why did you choose this topic for your paper?或Why were you interested in this project?
(2)关于具体部分：
商务方向：SWOT，COSTING，FLOWCHART，RISK，STAKEHOLDER，如 Do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或 Do you think this a necessary activity for the project?
(3)关于背景知识及理论知识：如What does SWOT stand for?(商务)
(4)关于论文存在的'问题：如In the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.
(5)关于项目或论文将来的发展：如：商务方向：If possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit?
带一份定稿(要与老师们持有的论文页码一致)，最后要向老师们表示感谢。
准备Powerpoint文件内容(英文)，内容不要太多，最好在5-10个幻灯片。字号最好是：封面标题44-50;各页标题40-44，正文 24-32。内容最好是提纲式的，不要用长句，也最好不用单词，可以用简单句子或短语。具体内容与上面提出的自述内容一致，这样有利于自述。格式一般是：封面(题目和姓名)-目录-各方面内容-结束页(可以表示感谢)。