中国谚语翻译毕业论文

虾米～～2分哦

(英语系毕业论文)英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合摘要本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。关键词谚语文化; 文化缺失; 意译; 翻译补偿ContentsAbstract ⅠKeywords Ⅰ摘要 Ⅱ关键词 ⅡIntroduction 1I. The Brief Introducton to Proverb 3II. Proverb Culture 5A.Cultural Factors in Proverb 5B.The Different Cultures Between English and Chinese Proverb. 51.Custom 52.Religious Belief 63.Different Living Conditions. 8III. English Proverb Translation 9A.Attentions in English to Chinese Translation 91.Misinterpretation of English Proverb 92.The National Feature 103.The Art of Language 10B.Transliberation 11C.Translation Compensation 12Conclusion 14Acknowledgements 15Bibliography 16

怎么写开题报告呢？首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。

ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences containing metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a fourpoint scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate metaphors and dual function words into figurative language successfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by Piaget.A recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their perceptions.Inhelder and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of development. Some children had an immediate grasp of the multiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal interpretation.Research suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal translation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool children to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young children.A recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it concluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual function words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive thinking (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations period.The present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor

英语谚语的翻译论文答辩稿

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences containing metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a fourpoint scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate metaphors and dual function words into figurative language successfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by Piaget.A recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their perceptions.Inhelder and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of development. Some children had an immediate grasp of the multiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal interpretation.Research suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal translation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool children to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young children.A recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it concluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual function words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive thinking (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations period.The present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor

英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）

毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is prof.xxx. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。

我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究

我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该

接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。

本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。

好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢！

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

中日谚语翻译研究先行综述论文

性差别ということは中日二か国の言语の中で存在されている普遍的な社会减少であり、诸多面に体现している。本论文は、言语そのものや言语の出発点として男女差别の现象の具体化のプロセスのアプリケーションからの特徴から、中国の使用例と日本のことわざを収集し、主に八つの面から中日谚の中で存在される性差别の问题を分析しよう。社会役割；家庭役割、言语行为；容貌挙动；美人薄命；性格知恵が形成してきた社会歴史根源などの八つ面から、それから、中日谚の中で存在されている性差别现象の対比を通し、両国谚の中で性差别现象はこの八つ面の异同を指すことにする。

在前面的帖子中，我提到一句中国谚语“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”。这个帖子发表后，网友vmax给我留言，问我这个谚语是否可以翻译成下面的句子。我回答他说，当然可以，但我不鼓励您这样做，主要原因是：您的译文，我们中国人看得懂，但外国人看不懂，他们根本不知道诸葛亮是什么人，如果您想让外国人也能看得懂，您就必须在译文的后面，额外增加一段注释，介绍一下《三国演义》，再介绍一下诸葛亮，只有这样，外国人才能真正理解这个谚语，您说麻烦不麻烦？！ Three cobblers are more clever than Mr. Zhuge Liang.(三个皮匠会比诸葛亮先生更聪明。) 其实，我们中国的许多谚语，都有对应的英语谚语，两者意思相同或者相似，完全可以互相代替，一般情况下，不需要我们自己翻译。比如“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”这个谚语，就有一个对应的英语谚语，请看下面第一行。另外一个与《三国演义》人物有关的谚语“说曹操，曹操到”，也有对应的英语谚语，请看下面第二行。 ①Two heads are better than one.(两个脑袋比一个脑袋更好。) ②When we talk about the devil, he will appear.(当我们谈论魔鬼的时候，他将会出现。) 看到这里，有些朋友可能会问：在哪里可以找到这些对应的英语谚语呢？我曾在北京王府井的外文书店中，看到过这方面的书，书名好象叫做《汉英谚语词典》(时间长了，记不清楚了)，我们可以从这种词典中，查出大多数中国谚语的对应英语谚语。现在国内是“英语热”，英语图书(包括英语词典)多如牛毛，我想这种词典应当不难找到。一个中国谚语，只有在词典中找不到对应的英语谚语时，我们才考虑自己翻译，不过这种情况好象并不多见。比如“周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨”这个谚语，我就一直没有找到对应的英语谚语，因此我把它翻译为： One is willing to sell, and the other is willing to buy.(一个人愿意卖，另外一个人愿意买。)

性别歧视是存在于汉日两种语言中普遍的社会现象这句中文我都觉得有问题缩减句子主干的话，得到“性别歧视是社会现象”这是没错但是“存在于语言中的社会现象”这个有点。。。还不如改成“性别歧视这种社会现象，在汉语和日语这两种语言中也有所表现”。你的中文本来就不对，还要硬照着中文翻译，是要翻不对了哇

日本语と中国语の同じ言叶で违う意味の単语源氏物语と红楼梦贵族社会の相违点夏目漱石（日本人の作家なら谁でもいい）のある作品から日本人の考え方日本の少子化问题と中国の一人っ子政策民主党と中国政策の展望受験制度の比较非行化生徒の実态と対策日本の文化を通しての日本人のものの考え方ごみ问题中国と日本の比较とこれからの展望日本の若者の考え方日本の若者の言叶食品问题から両国间のあり方中国、日本の交流の歴史（ある人物、事件を通して）20までいきませんが、日本人、日本の文化はいろいろありますので、ことばの说明に関する考察～国语辞典を资料として～强调を表す语についての研究「喜び」の表现に関する考察味の表现に関する考察ものの名前とその名づけに関する考察现代语における「全然」の用法女性の文末形式に関する研究同意を求める「～だろう」の使用～日本语母语话者と日本语学习者の比较～日本语会话教科书におけるあいづちの表现日本语教科书における终助词の扱い谢罪の表现とその使用意识に関する考察若者ことばの特徴オノマトペと动词の共起性に関する调査回避ストラテジーに関する考察现代日本语における自称词、他称词の使用に関する研究原因、理由を表す「から」「ので」に関する一考察终助词「ね」の意味机能「必ず」と「きっと」の意味分析受动文の使用と意识に関する一考察前置き表现に関する一考察日语自动词在表达中的作用从受授动词看日本人的人际关系中日委婉表达的差异从日语中的待遇表现看日本人的语言观念从年轻人用语看日本青年人的价值观从近年来流行语的发展看当今日本社会对日本人姓名的考察对日本地名的考察日本的雨和风与日本人的季节感日本语言中的美意识考察中日家庭成员之间称呼的比较中日青年就职观念的差异日本的少子化问题考察日本女性就业状况的变化从日本人的饮食生活看欧美文化的影响对日本社会中欺凌现象的考察对日本浴室文化的考察自杀与日本的岛国文化从“花”看中日美意识的差异日本人生活里的“和”意识成语翻译技巧研究中日口译中的语境研究论中日互译中母语对译文的影响文学翻译中人物形象与语境的依存关系中文歇后语与顺口溜的日译研究关于日语拟声、拟态词的汉语翻译关联翻译理论在文学翻译（或口译）中的应用中日谚语对比与翻译研究议中日谚语的互译技巧论中日商标翻译互译技巧研究中日商业广告用语、广告词的互译技巧研究论翻译中信、达、雅的关系论翻译中的直译与意译论中日翻译中的语义对等问题中日口译中的语境的处理技巧中文（或中日）新词、流行词日译（或互译）研究“まで” 和“までに”の応用の分析“ないで” 和“なくて”の応用の分析“たら” “ば”“と” “なら”の応用の分析“にとって” 和“にたいして”の応用の分析苏州シルク输出品の実态の分析无锡の陶器输出品の実态の分析常州のトランクス输出品の実态の分析南京の服装输出品の実态の分析南通蒲団输出品の実态の分析翻訳の质と言叶遣いの関系について分析走れメロスの天気について描写の私见伊豆の踊子の人物の心理描写について日本の自然主义文学の特徴についてー≪破戒≫などから）≪伊豆の踊子≫と≪舞姫≫の人物运命の比较大江健三郎の作品の特徴について川端康成の作品の特徴についてメロスの信念の强さから考えたこと日本语翻訳方法と理论の検讨“信达雅”翻译理论の応用翻译の质と历史资料の関系について.doc村上春树小说中的女性解读——以青春三部曲为例论村上春树小说中的寻找意识——以《寻羊冒险记》为例论宫崎骏动画中“飞行器”之意象芥川龙之介与其周围的女性——关于芥川之死从《地狱变》看芥川的艺术观论芥川龙之介中国题材作品群的思想倾向论芥川早期文学中“火”之意象芥川龙之介与《聊斋志异》从芥川的《鼻子》看日本人的羞辱观论日本战后“社会派”文学的“政治性”论川端康成文学中“镜”之意象从川端康成的《雪国》看日本传统美学意识川端康成《雪国》三种中译本评析汉语“被”字句及其日译研究中日指示词的比较研究日语高年级学生「ている」误用研究文脉指示中“その”的汉译日语“夕”和汉语“了”的对照研究从电影译名看外来文化对中日两国语言的影响关于日语流行语的研究关于日语惯用句（从结构或语义分析角度）关于日语惯用句（从中日文化对比角度）关于日语惯用句（从中日惯用句比较角度）关于日语惯用句（从翻译角度）关于含有某一特定汉字的日语惯用句（从结构或语义分析的角度）关于含有某一特定汉字的日语惯用句（从中日惯用句比较角度）关于含有某一特定汉字的日语惯用句（从翻译角度）关于日语成语（从中日比较的角度）关于日语成语（从语义和结构分析角度）关于日语成语（从翻译的角度）关于日语谚语（从文化的角度）关于日语谚语（从翻译角度）关于日语新闻翻译关于日语程度副词关于日语陈述副词关于日语敬语关于日本人的表现心理关于日语的特质关于中日交流中的跨文化交际关于石川达三及其作品日汉指示代词对比研究关于「ようだ」「そうだ」「らしい」的比较有关“こと”和“の”的分析比较关于身体词汇惯用句的日汉对比对日语中的请求表达的考察关于自动词与他动词的研究关于补助要素“てある”和ている的考察汉日成语谚语对比研究汉日拟声词拟态词的对比研究有关授受表现日中对照研究日语中汉字的读法汉日被动句型对比研究日中敬语表达对比研究从日语外来词的变迁看日本社会格助词“に”的意义用法及其它关于日语中的女性用语赏樱花和日本人的自然观关于中日老龄化问题日本企业文化和宗教信仰中国和日本的食文化在语言中的表现中国文化对日本茶文化的影响日本女性婚姻观的变迁形成日本少子化的主客观成因探索日本动漫对世界的影响论日本文化中开放性与主体性特征关于日本文学中的美意识日本文学中的唯美主义日本和歌文学芥川龙之介小说研究无常观与日本文学从芥川的“鼻子”透析芥川的人生观从日语的暧昧表现探讨日本人的性格日语自动词的意义分析汉日成语谚语对比研究日语惯用句论日语的呼应表达日语敬语研究日语拟声拟态词研究日语授受表现研究日语教学中文化导入问题研究中日惯用句表现之比较研究日本语の敬语误用と敬语意识关于日语头部身体词汇惯用句日语敬语的现状与将来中日同形词的对照研究从敬语表达看日本人的敬语意识汉日敬语的比较分析论《细雪》中妙子的自由追求.日中敬语表达对比研究日本人的死生观中日敬语对译研究“とても”与“很”的比较研究从“虫がいい”看日本人的语言技巧日语动物谚语及其汉语译文的对比研究日本语における拟态语拟声语について日本语に入った外来语について日本语の「しゃれ」について日本语の「なぞなぞ」について日本语の国字（和字）について日本语における隠语について现代日本语の中における江戸言叶日本人の略语の作り方五七调と七五调の诗学「小呗」と「どどいつ」の音乐性枕词はなぜ五文字なのか？和歌に及ぼした中国汉诗の影响松尾芭蕉に与えた汉诗の影响日本人の汉诗汉俳について「於母影」、「海潮音」、「月下の一群」における翻译态度比较论夏目漱石と正冈子规の往复书简日本人の书简の文体と作法日本人が咏じる植物倾向日本人の苗字について子供の命名に见られる日本人の特性流行歌流行语に见られる日本人の心性日本的隠者と中国的隠者日本の庭园と中国の园林日本人の世间体（体面）と中国人の面子日本人と中国人のマナー感觉日本の幽灵と中国の鬼について日本の妖怪変化について日本の山贼と海贼について星の民间传承における中国人日本人の宇宙观比较论道教が日本の民俗生活习惯に及ぼした影响について古代中国音乐が雅乐に及ぼした影响について绘巻物に见られる日本人の庶民生活について江戸时代の锁国の功罪について江戸时代の教育について日本の驿辨について日本人の遵法意识（ルール遵守感觉）日本人のペットの饲い方について日本人の笑い古代日本人の恋爱と结婚日本人の地狱观と极乐观日本文化における「间（ま）」について现代日本人の服饰に见られる色彩倾向现代日本人の「粹」と「野暮」日本的风狂の精神とは何かおたくとマニア「萌え」とは何か虚无僧と山伏について「山窝」について「心中」について「じゃんけん」の地域性について日本人はなぜ水に流したがるのか？日本人はなぜ空气を读むことを气にするのか？なぜ宦官は日本に入ってこなかったのか？车内放送における日本人の世话意识车内で平然と化妆をする日本人女性の感觉新闻杂志の讽刺漫画に见られる日本人の政治社会性みそみりんしょうゆにおける日本食文化の特徴日本におけるゴミの分别とリサイクルなぜ日本卓球は中国卓球に胜てないのか？中日同形语の比较/中日同形词的比较中日両国语助数词の异同/中日两国量词使用的差异日常挨拶の中日比较/日常寒暄语的中日比较拟音拟态语の中日対照/拟声拟态词的中日比较日中同形语「的」についての比较/关于中日同形汉字“的”的对比中国语と日本语における外来语の比较/汉语和日语中的外来语比较中日両国语人称代名词の比较分析/中日两国人称代词比较分析自然に関する中日惯用句の比较/中日自然惯用语的比较日本语における婉曲表现/浅析日语中的委婉表达日本语における感情表现用语の特质について/日语情感表达用语特点的分析日本语における条件表现/浅析日语中的条件表现日本语における思いやり表现/关于日语中的体贴式表达日本语における「雨」の表现について/浅析日语中与“雨”相关的表达日本语における「汉字语汇」意味の変迁/浅析日语中汉字词汇含义的变迁日本语における男女の言叶遣いの区别/日语中男女用语的差别日本语の惯用句の文法的特徴について/浅析日语惯用句的语法特征日本语における外来语の発展について/试论日语中外来语的发展日本语の女性语の特徴分析/日语中女性用语的特征分析暧昧语の表现から见る日本语の特性/从暧昧语看日语的特点日本语における第二人称の表现/浅析日语中第二人称的表现方式从语言表达看日本人的心理特征日语的模糊现象究因试谈日语的暧昧表达与语境的依存关系谈日语口语中几个常见的暧昧表现日语的间接语言行为浅谈日语的“受身形”表达方式关于格助词：“に”和“と”关于终助词“ね”关于“は”和“が”关于“だろう”关于日语中的否定表达论日语中的人称代词论中日第一人称代词汉日第二人称对比研究主语省略现象的日汉对照以《刺青》为例看谷崎润一郎的美意识谈谷崎润一郎作品中的女性形象略论耽美主义作家的美学观非母语环境下暧昧表达习得之实证分析非母语环境下も的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下た的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下ている的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下まで的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下に的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下で的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下ばかり的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下が的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下ハシル与カケル的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下モドル与カエル及ヒキカエス的习得情况之实证分析非母语环境下トオル、トオス、ツウジル的习得情况之实证分析夏目漱石作品中的女性形象 ——以《我是猫》和《明暗》为例谈川端康成作品中的女性形象日语交际用语中的暧昧表现中日礼貌语言对比研究论日语中的人称代词初探日语拟声拟态词的特征从文化的视点看日语中的省略表达浅论日语中的委婉表达试论日本语中的敬语误用和敬语意识汉日成语谚语对比研究日语敬语的现状与将来日语被动态的汉译及其问题论日语高级视听课之日本电影及电视剧欣赏课论“气”字惯用词组的语义特征和建构中国人日语学习中的误用分析议日语汉字和日本文化的关系中日被动句的对比研究关于日本语中的否定表达的探讨日本姓名的文化内涵从外来词的吸收看日本社会和文化关于日语中的女性用语关于日语流行语的研究通过“寒暄”观察日本的文化特点日本食の中国语表记について日本企业の中国名について中日の同形异义语について中日の鱼の名前の违いについて中国の省略语、日本の省略语汉字使用圏の比较日本の常用汉字の追加について日本から中国に来た汉字について中国と日本の色のイメージ中国と日本の食文化の违い日本と中国のタブーの违い日本の平均寿命の高さを考える日本の晩婚化、少子化を考える日本の社会保障制度－特に年金制度を中心に－日本のオーバードクター问题日本人の宗教観日本の外来语についてカタカナ表记はすべて外国のものか奈良平安期の日本人留学生について前四史における日本の记事について宪法十七条と中国の史书古代日本人の好きな花－万叶集と古今和歌集の歌から－织田信长、豊臣秀吉、徳川家康の比较孙文の盟友梅屋庄吉について「大地の子」に见る残留日本人孤児の研究2009年の政変について－自民党政治の终焉－日本の终身雇用の崩壊と派遣制度日本の农业について－特に自给率の低さを中心に－阪神淡路大震灾とその复兴について日本の昔话と中国の昔话「源氏物语」から见た平安贵族の生活「枕草子」から见た平安时代の女性の生活鲁迅の留学について日本の葬式を考える－映画「おくりびと」から－宫崎骏のアニメに见る日本人と环境日本の国技相扑における外国人の进出について少林寺拳法について日本の地震対策について日本の温泉について－地域分布とその成分－日本人の中国语学习者について日资企业里的跨文化交际研究日语报纸新闻标题的关联理论解释中日合资A&D公司的跨文化冲突日本在华独资企业的文化研究日汉语言表达方式差异及跨文化交际日本人的内外意识与集团意识关于我国企业导入日本企业文化的几点思考日本企业文化的特色及其启示日本在华企业人力资源管理研究关于在华日资企业“日本式经营”的文化分析日本在华企业雇佣制度的文化分析在华日资企业内部沟通研究日本式人事管理给我们的启示第八代雅阁在中国市场的SWOT分析代雅阁:喧嚣背后——解读广州本田的营销战略日本三大汽车制造商的中国市场营销战略丰田——了解顾客做新车(市场调研)独具特色的丰田营销管理日式管理的精髓——“持续改进” 在华中小日企“本土化”过程中的问题与对策——以长三角地区为例日资企业中高层管理人员本土化滞后因素研究依靠品质管理创造顾客价值——日本朝日啤酒公司个案分析日本强势汽车品牌的形象传播丰田生产方式在吉汽公司的应用研究日本汽车新产品开发策略分析一汽丰田汽车销售有限公司渠道策略研究丰田“威驰”营销策略研究大连中升雷克萨斯汽车销售4S店服务营销战略研究古今和歌集的恋歌古今和歌集的四季歌日本茶道及其文化内涵日本国民性的特征从和歌看日本人的审美观表现禅与茶道日本的武士道浅论古今和歌集的恋歌与闺怨诗论《细雪》中妙子的自由追求对日语中的请求表达的语用考察日本人的死生观中日敬语对译研究从谚语来看日本人的传统家庭文化日语敬语的现状与将来日语被动句的考察日语动漫语言特色之浅见日语新词汉译译法类型探讨汉语新词日译译法类型探讨日语二重表记新发展初探中日网络语言差异研究文字以外的语言方式探索1(图形语言)文字以外的语言方式探索2(肢体语言)文字以外的语言方式探索3(符号语言)文字以外的语言方式探索4(声音语言)文字以外的语言方式探索5(视觉语言)文字以外的语言方式探索6(信号语言)格助词「を」非宾语用法研究日本人取名新动向特点探索中日贸易前景分析方法探讨日本公司及店家晨会作法的几种类型中日大学毕业生求职程序差异中日公司内部处理上下级关系的不同日语能力测试对实际语言应用的作用探讨学校的日语学习与工作的日语需要结合情况之我见男生与女生在外语学习上的差异与原因探索日本传统与现代的统一与和谐日本语学习动机日本人好きな言叶と日本文化日本人の好き嫌いについて日本の学校教育における问题（いじめ、不登校など）日本の小学校英语教育と中国小学校英语教育の比较アルバイトについて中日大学生の比较死に対する日本人の意识日本の子どもの自立性中日の年金制度の违う就职にあって日中意识の违う日本语の暧昧表现について日本の食文化の特徴『ノルウェの森』から见る村上春树の文化特徴和制英语について花见と日本人自然観日本の温泉について日本の名字について日本の祭りの文化日本语の受身と中国语の受け身日本语を教える时に日本文化の导入日语和汉语的相互影响日语学习动机日语词汇どうも的词义分析及其应用关于日语汉字的研究关于现代日语中[ものの]与「ものを」的用法考察从外来词的吸收看日本社会和文化日语学习策略调查研究对在日语句子主部中的助词「は」和「が」的认识关于日语头部身体词汇惯用句论网络对日语学习的影响关于中日同形词差异的研究关于的「の」用法关于现代日语中的推量表达关于日语中第一人称的省略表达日语被动句的考察论から与ので的异同关于日语中的女性用语关于日本现代流行语论中日人称代词使用的异同

动物谚语翻译论文开题报告

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

谚语毕业论文

春雷响，万物长。春雨贵似油，多下农民愁。立春三场雨，遍地都米。春雨漫了垅，麦子豌豆丢了种。雨洒清明节，麦子豌豆满地结。麦怕清明连夜雨。夏雨稻命，春雨麦病。三月雨，贵似油；四月雨，好动锄。春天三场雨，秋后不缺米。清明前后一场雨，豌豆麦子中了举。有钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭。春得一犁雨，秋收万担粮。六月下连阴，遍地出黄金。春雨满街流，收麦累死牛。黑夜下雨白天晴，打的粮食没处盛。一阵太阳一阵雨，栽下黄秧吃白米。伏里无雨，谷里无米；伏里雨多，谷里米多。三伏要把透雨下，丘丘谷子压弯桠。伏里一天一暴，坐在家里收稻。秋禾夜雨强似粪，一场夜雨一场肥。立了秋，那里下雨那里收。立秋下雨万物收，处暑下雨万物丢。处暑里的雨，谷仓里的米。处暑下雨烂谷箩。

毕业论文中引用名言诗句算不算进查重？在毕业论文的创作过程中，难免会引用几句名人名言，尤其是文科类专业的论文，引用诗句名言是常事。但是在论文的查重中，引用名言诗句算不算进重复率里面呢？论文查重就是用专业软件来测试你的文章与别人论文的相似度，杜绝抄袭，基本上就是这意思。查重率=复写率+引用率，一个是复写率，就是你抄袭的；一个引用率，就是那些被画上引用符号的，是合理的引用别人的资料；当然还有一个就是自写率，就是自己写的。由此就可以知道引用名言诗句是会算进重复率里面的。有时候，名人名言的引用是很有必要的，那有什么降低引用重复率的办法么？有效降低查重率方法有四： 1.其实大多数论文检测系统对书本的内容是没有收录的，所以你引用书本上的一些数据是不会被查重的，但是要注意这些内容是不是跟网络上已有的重复了，因为部分检测系统对网络上的数据都有收录的。 2.引用名言的，根据检测系统的查重规律来处理：比如说知网是连续13个字相同判定抄袭，而万方则是连续相同字数不能超过15个字。理解名言的意思后，用自己的话说出来，或者在中间插入几个影响总体意思的字词也是可以的。 3.中国知网检测系统的灵敏度是5%，以段落计，低于5%的抄袭或引用是检测不出来的。你只要确保你引用的名言诗句占整个段落的5%以下就是没有问题的。 4.引用要有引用的正确方法，名言诗句都要用“”引起来，在引用结束前不要使用句号，这个方法只限于少量的引用，大量的引用会很大程度的提高引用率。早检测论文查重系统我祝大家顺利通过~~~

在前面的帖子中，我提到一句中国谚语“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”。这个帖子发表后，网友vmax给我留言，问我这个谚语是否可以翻译成下面的句子。我回答他说，当然可以，但我不鼓励您这样做，主要原因是：您的译文，我们中国人看得懂，但外国人看不懂，他们根本不知道诸葛亮是什么人，如果您想让外国人也能看得懂，您就必须在译文的后面，额外增加一段注释，介绍一下《三国演义》，再介绍一下诸葛亮，只有这样，外国人才能真正理解这个谚语，您说麻烦不麻烦？！ Three cobblers are more clever than Mr. Zhuge Liang.(三个皮匠会比诸葛亮先生更聪明。) 其实，我们中国的许多谚语，都有对应的英语谚语，两者意思相同或者相似，完全可以互相代替，一般情况下，不需要我们自己翻译。比如“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”这个谚语，就有一个对应的英语谚语，请看下面第一行。另外一个与《三国演义》人物有关的谚语“说曹操，曹操到”，也有对应的英语谚语，请看下面第二行。 ①Two heads are better than one.(两个脑袋比一个脑袋更好。) ②When we talk about the devil, he will appear.(当我们谈论魔鬼的时候，他将会出现。) 看到这里，有些朋友可能会问：在哪里可以找到这些对应的英语谚语呢？我曾在北京王府井的外文书店中，看到过这方面的书，书名好象叫做《汉英谚语词典》(时间长了，记不清楚了)，我们可以从这种词典中，查出大多数中国谚语的对应英语谚语。现在国内是“英语热”，英语图书(包括英语词典)多如牛毛，我想这种词典应当不难找到。一个中国谚语，只有在词典中找不到对应的英语谚语时，我们才考虑自己翻译，不过这种情况好象并不多见。比如“周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨”这个谚语，我就一直没有找到对应的英语谚语，因此我把它翻译为： One is willing to sell, and the other is willing to buy.(一个人愿意卖，另外一个人愿意买。)

(英语系毕业论文)英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合摘要本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。关键词谚语文化; 文化缺失; 意译; 翻译补偿ContentsAbstract ⅠKeywords Ⅰ摘要 Ⅱ关键词 ⅡIntroduction 1I. The Brief Introducton to Proverb 3II. Proverb Culture 5A.Cultural Factors in Proverb 5B.The Different Cultures Between English and Chinese Proverb. 51.Custom 52.Religious Belief 63.Different Living Conditions. 8III. English Proverb Translation 9A.Attentions in English to Chinese Translation 91.Misinterpretation of English Proverb 92.The National Feature 103.The Art of Language 10B.Transliberation 11C.Translation Compensation 12Conclusion 14Acknowledgements 15Bibliography 16

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