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下英文论文开题报告

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢,这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐,您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰,1990:59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

你要是找国涛期刊,就不会出现这种问题了好不好?论文著作权实行自愿登记,论文不论是否登记,作者或其他著作权人依法取得的著作权不受影响。我国实行作品自愿登记制度的在于维护作者或其他著作权人和作品使用者的合法权益,有助于解决因著作权归属造成的著作权纠纷,并为解决著作权纠纷提供初步证据。 (1)文后参考文献不编序号,仅在文末按其重要程度或参考的先后顺序排列。(2)文后参考文献不注页码。(3)文后参考文献的著录项目及次序与注释基本相同。1) 著录参考文献可以反映论文作者的科学态度和论文具有真实、广泛的科学依据,也反映出该论文的起点和深度。2) 著录参考文献能方便地把论文作者的成果与前人的成果区别开来。3) 著录参考文献能起索引作用。4) 著录参考文献有利于节省论文篇幅。

英语专业论文开题报告模板 题 目:呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫性格的双重性的分析一、选题的目的、意义(理论、现实)和国内外研究概况 1.目的和意义:《呼啸山庄》是十九世纪英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特生平创作的唯一一部小说。小说的故事情节主要是围绕希斯克厉夫和凯瑟琳的爱情展开的,希斯克厉夫的“爱一恨一复仇一人性复归”既是小说的精髓,又是贯穿作品始终的线索。评论家们对这部经典文学作品历来意见纷纭,尤其是对小说中的男主人公希斯克厉夫的讨论。评论家们对小说中希斯克利夫的性格从不同的方面进行了分析。全面而深入地分析希斯克厉夫这一人物对我们更好地研究小说起至关重要的作用。 小说中最精彩的部分就是希斯克厉夫与凯瑟琳之间的爱情故事,他们之间的爱情已远远超出了一般意义上的爱情,可以说是一种超人间的爱。但也就是这种爱情的产生和发展成了主人公西斯科历夫的性格中双重性形成的一个关键原因。本课题从西斯科历夫的被虐与自虐,懦弱与勇敢来分析主人公的性格成因,从而促使读者更好的理解艾米丽的呼啸山庄 2.国内外研究概况: 国内外许多的专家学者都对呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的性格进行了分析。许多的专家学者从不同的角度分析了希斯克利夫的性格的双重性形成的原因进行分析,有的从社会背景原因进行了分析。有些学者认为他的性格是扭曲而自虐的,而有的学者则认为他是爱情中的英雄,敢爱敢恨。 许多的学者对希斯克利夫性格的成因进行了分析如闫红梅,张润翻译的艾米莉·勃朗特.呼啸山庄中说到因为欣德利“那样对待希斯克利夫,圣徒也会被他变成恶魔的” 。刘风辉也在《复杂的双面人》中说道希斯克利夫特殊的性格完全是他周围的环境所造成的。毋庸置疑,金钱主宰一切是当时社会的标准,贫穷是可耻的。无论是否因你的过错而导致的贫穷,无论是否你有努力的过程,只要你现在仍是衣衫褴 褛 ,你就注定遭受耻辱。贫穷带来的无穷无尽的耻辱生活就像一把刻刀,不断雕刻、改变着希斯克利夫的性格。而陈一萍在《希斯克利夫是浪漫主义英雄还是恶魔》中认为上帝是有报复性的,人类不会比他做得更好,希斯克利夫他不能超脱于人性,他也会为他所受到的.伤害进行报复。因此,从多角度出发,综合多种角度对希斯克利夫的性格分析有着重大的意义。 二、本课题的理论依据、研究内容和研究方法、步骤及进度安排 1.研究内容: 本课题对呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的性格的双重性的形成进行分析,分析希斯克利夫性格中自虐与被虐的原因,在爱情中勇敢与懦弱的双重性性格成因。 首先会分析希斯克利夫在幼年时作为一个正常人得性格特征。 【幼年时的被虐】 其次分析长大后的希斯克利夫在复仇中所表现出来的冷酷与扭曲的性格。 【希斯克利夫的自虐】 再次:从希斯克利夫复仇后的性格分析,在他双重性的性格下是人性的扭曲。 最后通过对希斯克利夫的性格的分析,可以得到人性的回归。 2.研究方法: 查阅法:通过对相关文献进行查阅,从多种角度了解西斯科利福性格的成因。 分析法:通过对艾米丽笔下的西斯科历夫的性格分析,分析他性格双重性形成的原因。 比较法:通过西斯科厉夫的被虐与自虐,勇敢与懦弱进行对比。 3.步骤: 选题——开题——初稿——完善——截稿 4.进度安排: 11月 提交开题报告 12月 完成初稿 4月 完成论文写作 三、本课题的重点、难点,预期结果和成果形式 1.本课题的重点、难点: 本文将从西斯科历夫的被虐与自虐,勇敢与懦弱进行分析,从他最开始的正常性格到后来的性和扭曲的变化分析他性格中双重性的形成原因。以及他性格中的勇敢与懦弱也注定了他性格的扭曲。分析中凯瑟琳是一个影响西斯科厉夫的重要人物,而他们的爱情则是他性格双重性形成的至关重要的原因。最后,不论西斯科历夫的性格怎样扭曲,始终抵不过人性,从他最后的结局我们看到了人性的回归。 2.预期结果: 能够做到分析定位,表达清楚,提高对英文小说中人物性格的准确分析,达到论文研究的目的。 3.成果形式: 论文 ;

论文开题报告下载

法学毕业论文开题报告 一、撰写 毕业论文 的意义毕业论文写作是高校教学的重要实践环节。从一般意义来讲毕业论文是检验学生的学习成果,培养学生初步的研究能力,促进学生学以致用,提高学生综合运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题的能力。从现代远程开放教育来讲,法学本科开放教育试点,其目的是探索多种方式培养法学专门人才的路子。实践环节进行的好坏,直接关系到对试点项目的评价和远程开放教育的未来。二、毕业论文写作的基本要求1、目的要求毕业论文是带有学术研究性的理论分析文章。撰写毕业论文可以培养学生综合运用所学专业知识和技能解决复杂问题的能力,并且使学生受到科学研究工作的初步训练。 学生要在实事求是、深入实际的基础上,运用所学知识,在教师指导下,独立写出具有一定质量的.论文。文章观点明确,材料详实,结构严谨,层次清楚,语言通顺,格式规范。2、内容要求毕业论文的体裁应具有学术性。毕业论文包括目录、提纲、论文摘要、正文、引用的参考资料,其中正文是论文的主体,它包括绪论、本论、结论三大部分。 毕业论文的内容容量与所给予的时间和学分相适应,字数不得少于6000字,专科毕业生不得少于4000字。必须在规定时间内完成。 3、选题要求 (1)、毕业论文的选题限于法学专业的范围内,一般以本科阶段所学课程内容为主要选题方向。(2)、要紧密结合法学研究动态和我国立法、司法、执法实际。(3)、选题避免过大。(4)、选题避免过度集中,要有新意,要结合专业,学生自选两个题目,交指导教师平衡后,确定其中一个为你的论文题目。选题时要注明以哪门课程(法)为主。(5)、学生在专科阶段所写的毕业论文不可直接或变相作为本科的毕业论文来使用。 三、成绩评定办法与步骤毕业论文的成绩分为优秀、良好、中、及格、不及格五个等级。 指导教师根据学生的写作态度和论文的质量,提出建议成绩,学生经过答辩,由答辩小组根据指导教师的建议及答辩质量,写出答辩评语,经答辩委员会审核,确定最后成绩。毕业论文不及格者,可于当年补做一次。四、组织机构:学校设毕业论文工作委员会,下设指导组和答辩组,成员分别由学校领导、教师和校外专家担任(名单见附件一)。论文答辩设若干小组,每组由三名教师组成,设答辩主持人一人。答辩小组根据论文研究方向设立,本人的指导教师不担任该答辩小组成员。请继续阅读相关推荐: 毕业论文 应届生求职 毕业论文范文查看下载

音乐毕业论文开题报告范文

在我们平凡的日常里,越来越多的事务都会使用到报告,不同种类的报告具有不同的用途。在写之前,可以先参考范文,以下是我帮大家整理的音乐毕业论文开题报告范文,欢迎大家分享。

论文题目:

古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践

选题的依据和意义,研究的主要问题,拟达到的目的:

选题的依据和意义:有着悠久的历史传统中国民族音乐,是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。古典吉他被誉为同钢琴、小提琴并列的世界三大乐器之一。被认为是吉他艺术的最高形式。古典吉他细腻而多变的音色,丰富的和声,对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的能诠释自如。近年来,不少国内外的吉他演奏家都为古典吉他改编过中国民族音乐,其中不少作品取得了很高的艺术成就享誉国内外,不仅为古典吉他的曲目风格拓宽了方向,也为中国民族音乐的传播起到了积极的作用。顺应这种形式,需要总结古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践,并探索其中的规律,为将更多的中国民族音乐改编为古典吉他曲和创作带有中国民族音乐特色的古典吉他曲提供参考。

研究的主要问题:

(一)中国民族音乐的特点和风格。

1、中国民族音乐的形态。

2、中国民族音乐的种类和特点。

(二)古典吉他的特点。

1、古典吉他的音色,和声等特点。

2、古典吉他的演奏技巧特点。

3、古典吉他不同民族曲目风格的列举。

(三)分析古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践。

1、列举古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的乐曲。

2、分别对乐曲改编前后的各种特点进行分析,对比,从而剖析古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的可行性和特点。

3、依据分析探讨古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践规律。

拟达到的目的:通过总结古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践,并探索其中的规律,为将更多的中国民族音乐改编为古典吉他曲和创作带有中国民族音乐特色的古典吉他曲提供参考。进而促进古典吉他曲目风格的发展,并通过古典吉他演奏的中国民族音乐促进中国民族音乐的传播。

研究方法、研究步骤:

方法:

1、到图书馆或上网查询相关资料,并下载曲目和曲谱。

2、总结归纳与同学交流,并视奏相关曲目。

3、由论文指导老师指导并与同学讨论。

步骤:

1、收集与题目相关资料。

2、与论文指导老师交流进行论文写作的展开。

3、归纳总结研究结果,撰写论文。

研究工作进展计划:

20xx年3月收集论文资料,开始写初稿。

20xx年4月-5月完成论文初稿,接受中期检查。

20xx年5月修改、完成论文定稿。

20xx年6月完成论文《古典吉他演奏中国民族音乐的实践》的撰写。

一、综述国内外对本课题的研究动态,说明选题的依据和意义:

音乐表演是音乐存在的活化机制,无论在任何音乐行为方式中,音乐表演都使整个音乐活动处于激活状态。表演可使作品得到介绍、传播、完善、获得长久的生命力。音乐表演的目的不是引起有声调声觉的声波运动,而是通过内在的情感动态形式的注入,引起深层心理体验,赋予无生命的形式以生命的活力,给人以人性的体验。音乐表演的二度创造,就是通过表演者对音乐的理解、投入感情,再次赋予音响的动态结构以生命的形式,即充满着丰富情态意味的音乐运动。

二、研究的基本内容,拟解决的主要问题:

主要内容:

音乐是一种表演艺术,在表现方式上与非表演艺术很不相同。而音乐表演艺术则不同,他必须通过表演这个环节,才能把艺术作品传达给欣赏者,实现艺术作品的审美价值。而音乐表演中根据艺术表现的需要,使表演者的对于投入的情感能做到呼之即出,挥之即去,达到挥洒自如、变化有序的境界,真正成为音乐表演所需要的情感。他有表演的真实情感作为种子,同时它又是经过提炼,升华了的与音乐中的情感内涵融为一体的。应该说,只有这种艺术化了的情感,才是音乐表演所需要的。

主要问题:

1、什么是音乐表演艺术及意义。

2、音乐的表现与精神性内涵。

3、音乐表演的二度创造本质——情感体验。

4、音乐表演的情感体验——投情。

5、音乐表演—赋予情感以生命。

6、音乐表演中审美情感的体验。

7、对于音乐表演者的技巧与表现统一的要求。

三、研究的步骤、方法、措施及进度安排:

步骤:

1、大量阅读古筝方面的文献和著作;

2、找出有价值的课题;

3、依据论题精确寻找相关资料;

4、论文撰写;

5、在老师的知道下进行修改;

6、定稿并准备论文答辩。

措施:

1、在图书馆和上网查阅相关资料文献;

2、真理原有资料;

3、请教知道老师,与同学交流探讨本论题。

进度安排:

1、XX年11月-12月初:查阅相关的资料;

2、XX年12月中旬:确定选题;

3、XX年12月底:写开题报告并准备开题答辩;

4、XX年1月-3月:开始正文协作,完成初稿;

5、XX年3月-4月:修改完善文稿;

6、XX年5月:论文答辩。

四、主要参考文献:

[1]王次沼著:《音乐美学通论》人民音乐出版社

[2]修海平,罗小平著:《音乐美学基础》上海音乐出版社

[3]苏珊郎格:《情感与形式》中国社会出版社

一、开题报告的主要内容。

通常情况下,学士学位论文的开题报告中涵盖了以下内容:拟选题目、选题依据与研究意义、选题的研究现状、拟研究的主要内容和思路、研究的创新点及重难点、研究进程安排、主要参考文献。

1.拟选题目。

拟选题目,即作者要研究的核心问题。特别需要注意的是拟选题目和研究方向不同。研究方向是选定专业中的某一领域作为研究范围,而拟选题目需要对研究范围加以限定,明确要回答的具体问题是什么。也就是说,拟选题目是在研究方向的基础上对某一问题的针对性研究。如“小学音乐课堂教学的有效性”是一个研究方向,如果在此基础上拟定论文题目的话,就要对其进行进一步的限定,如“如何以学生为主体实现音乐课堂教学的有效性---以小学三年级为例”.该论文题目与研究方向相比,加入了“以学生为主体”、“以小学三年级为例”两个限定词之后,其研究对象、研究范围通过研究要回答的问题在题目中一目了然地呈现出来。

在论文题目的选择上,“一个好的选题必须遵循两大标准:专业标准和问题标准。何谓专业标准?

即一个选题必须在该生所攻读的专业范畴之内,必须是本专业公认的研究问题。何谓问题标准?即一个选题必须是一个值得研究的好问题。”[1]彭玉生提出了“好问题”的四个评判标准:“具体、集中、原创、意义。”[2]

2.选题依据与研究意义。

选题依据陈述的核心是为什么选这个题目,出于何种考虑选择此研究对象,并说明研究对象的典型性和特殊性。研究意义可以理解为研究目的,需要说明:通过研究回答什么问题,选择什么方法展开研究,其研究对音乐实践或音乐理论有何现实指导意义。

选题依据和研究意义是从两个不同层面对论文选题展开陈述,二者不可混为一谈。实际陈述中要求做到具体、客观,具有针对性,语言表述具有密切的逻辑联系。切忌语言表达的空洞、抽象。如某音乐学专业学生的学位论文论题“浅析京剧类节目在央视春晚的生存现状”的选题依据陈述如下,较好地达到了上述要求。

京剧作为中国传统文化的精粹,蕴涵着深厚的文化底蕴和艺术内涵。京剧艺术号称“唐三千宋八百”.从1983年央视春节晚会首次举办以来,央视春晚逐渐发展成向全世界展现我国民族音乐文化的重要窗口。京剧在首届春晚中占据着举足轻重的地位,并成为历届春晚的保留节目。可是随着时间的流转,京剧在春晚节目中呈现出:时间与比例减少,剧目选择范围狭窄,演唱演员与演出方式的固定性、程式性体现不完善等发展趋向,体现了京剧在央视春晚的地位不容乐观。梅葆玖先生认为振兴京剧应在细节和实处着手。他说:“我不反对歌舞类节目多一些,以迎合80后、90后的观众。但在民族的大节日、大晚会上,就应该给国家最传统、最正规的节目一个展示的机会,哪怕在黄金时段唱10分钟也好啊”.

3.选题的研究现状。

选题的研究现状是对本论题已有的研究成果的总结、综述,即文献综述。从搜集到的资料中找出与本论题密切关联的有意义、有价值的文献资料,如论文、期刊文章、专著等进行总结、评述,其目的是让研究者在充分认识和理解前人的研究思路和研究成果的基础上,探寻和明确本论题可以进一步研究的方向,找出已有研究成果对当下研究的启迪和指导。

由此看来,文献综述是确保论题具有可行性和实际研究意义的前提,是论文质量与水平的重要保障。

要做好文献综述,不仅需要注意搜集资料的全面性、完整性,更要把握其中的“综”与“述”的关系。

文献综述中的常见问题是对搜集到的所有资料进行记“流水账式”的面面俱到的记录,缺乏对资料的判断、筛选和大胆评论。需要明确的是:“综”是对已有的研究成果有目的、有层次的归纳整理,“述”是对归纳整理的文献进行大胆、深入的评述。“综”是“述”的前提,“述”是在“综”基础上的提升。“述”可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的,要做到有理有据,切忌无话找话,流于形式。

4.研究的'主要内容和思路。

拟研究的主要内容和思路是在继承前人的已有研究成果的基础上,陈述研究者计划从哪些方面对此问题进行研究,如何展开研究,具体步骤是什么。

当研究者对以上问题有了清晰的把握,并通过文献综述明确了前人已有研究成果,那么,拟研究的主要内容和思路将在论题的逻辑推理过程中清晰、具体的展现出来。

从形式上来说,开题报告中拟研究的内容是研究问题的具体化,而论文提纲是研究内容最为直观的陈述方式。“撰写提纲是作者思路定型的过程,是作者对全文的总设计,是作者思路外部形态的一种体现。”[3]89通常情况下,论文提纲包含:标题与副标题、中心论点、分论点、层次段落与所用的材料。提纲的常见形式有:简略提纲和详细提纲。在开题报告的“拟研究的主要内容”这一环节中,建议以详细提纲的形式进行陈述。内容详实的论文提纲有助于研究者明确思路、贯通文脉;有助于开题过程中指导教师全面了解研究者的思路,并提出合理建议。

5.研究的创新点及重难点。

创新点是衡量一篇论文学术含量和水平的重要因素。“从内容上看,创新性的音乐论文应该是在所研究的课题范围内对某些旧观念的否定,并提出新的见解,在实地调查和分析的基础上有新的发现和新的进展,并能把一些分散的材料进行系统化处理,用新的观点、新的见解加以论证而得出新的结论。”[3]35简单说来,创新点的陈述突出的是与前人的研究相比,研究者用什么方法,从什么切入点,或使用什么论据进行研究得出结论。相对于硕士或博士论文,学士学位论文对创新性的要求较低。特别是结论的创新对本科阶段的学生较难,但研究方法、研究思路、论据等某一个方面的创新,在论文写作过程中是可以实现的。

研究的重点、难点是与研究者的研究思路、拟研究的主要问题密切相关的,研究者在明确研究思路和具体研究内容的基础上,根据本人对论题的认识和把握,找到个人思路中的重点、难点,并进行详细的陈述。

6.研究进程安排。

对于本科阶段的学位论文,研究进程设计的主要目的是让学生从时间上明确论文工作的整体安排,促进学生在时间和精力上有足够的投入,以确保学位论文顺利完成。

7.主要参考文献。

参考文献是衡量一个论题学术价值的重要因素,也是考查论题选题依据、研究意义、研究内容、创新性的重要依据。没有参考文献或参考文献不全的开题报告犹如无源之水,既无法对论题的可行性做出推理分析,也无法在继承前人研究基础上推动对论题的研究。开题报告中参考文献的呈现应特别注意各个学校对其格式、形式的具体要求。

二、各项内容之间的逻辑关系。

在清楚了开题报告的基本内容之后,还需要明确各项内容之间的逻辑关系。开题报告中的七项主要内容中,除研究进程安排、主要参考文献以外,其他五项内容:拟选题目、选题依据与研究意义、选题的研究现状、拟研究的主要内容和思路、研究的创新点及重难点存在着内在逻辑关系。

拟选题目,也就是论题,处于内在逻辑关系的中心,选题依据与研究意义是研究者对论题的典型性、特殊性及研究目的的把握,选题的研究现状是研究者对前人研究成果的总结、评述,拟研究的主要内容和思路是研究者在继承前人研究成果的基础上对论题的进一步深入研究,创新点和重难点是深入研究的具体呈现。在选题的研究现状与选题依据、研究意义、主要内容和思路的对比中,才能突显和说明研究者的创新。反之,研究者只有在全面搜集资料和掌握、借鉴前人已有研究成果的基础上,才可能在自己的研究中有所突破和创新,并形成研究内容中的重难点。

对开题报告各项内容的内在逻辑关系的把握,有助于学生在开题报告的写作中建立逻辑思维,用整体的观念对待开题报告。

以上是笔者根据近几年的《论文写作》课程教学实践积累,对音乐学专业学士学位论文开题报告的一点思考。当然,要写好开题报告,除了建立对开题报告内容及其逻辑关系的正确认识之外,还需要教师和学生在思想上高度重视开题报告的撰写,在学生的写与教师的改中,伴随着整个学士学位论文工作的展开不断修改、完善,真正实现开题报告对学士学位论文写作的意义。

参考文献:

[1]傅利民。音乐论文写作基础[M].上海:上海音乐学院出版社,2004.

[2]陈明道。音乐学:历史、文献与写作[M].北京:人民音乐出版社,2004.

[3]李虻,姚兰。音乐论文写作[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2007.

论文开题报告英文开头

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢,这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐,您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰,1990:59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。课题名称An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义)Research Background:A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.Research Significance:As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向)Research Status:Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明,并阐明要达到的目标)Research Contents:A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful2.4 Black Is Associated With AngerB. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and TimidC. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and LossD. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and DiseaseResearch Objectives:I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点)With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点)The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排)1. Nov.16th — Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing2. Nov.23rd — Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering3. Dec.21st — Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline4. Jan.11th — Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review5. Feb.9th — Mar.14th, 2009 First draft6. Mar.15th — Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft7. Apr.11th — Apr.20th, 2009 Final version8. Apr.27th — May 14th, 2009 Printing9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料)[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》,2005,(7).[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1991.[14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》,2002,(3).[15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》,1997,(2).指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见)指导教师年 月 日系(教研室)审查意见:系(教研室)主任:年 月 日

综述:opening report可以,用Proposal更正式点。

重点词汇:Proposal

英[prə'pəʊzl]

释义:

n.提议,建议;(计划、建议等的)提出;求婚

[复数:proposals]

短语:

The Proposal假结婚;爱情限时签;求婚的恶魔;弄假成真

词语使用变化:proposal

n.(名词)

1、proposal表示“提议,建议”时,其后可接介词短语或动词不定式作定语,也可接that从句作同位语。

2、proposal所接由that引起的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。

3、proposal作为名词时,后面通常跟带to的不定式和名词。

英文论文开题报告写作技巧

导语:一篇优秀的英语论文离不开开题报告的撰写。那么,如何写好开题报告成为同学们非常苦恼的问题。下面是我分享的英文论文开题报告的写作技巧,欢迎阅读!

开题报告的一般内容

课题来源、开题依据和背景情况,课题研究目的以及理论意义和实际应用价值。

文献综述。在阅读规定文献量(不少于50篇,其中外文文献占40%以上)的基础上,着重阐述该研究课题国内外的研究现状及发展动态,同时介绍查阅文献的范围以及查阅方式、手段。

主要研究内容。包括学术构思、研究方法、关键技术、技术路线、实施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的难点、解决的方法和措施以及预期目标。

拟采用的实验手段,所需科研和实验条件,估计课题工作量和所需经费,研究工作进度计划。

主要参考文献,列出至少10篇所查阅参考的文献。

写好开题报告的技巧

提出问题注意“层次”

在提出问题时,要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。

选题来源包括:与自己实际工作或科研工作相关的、较为熟悉的问题;自己从事的专业。

问题发展迅速,需要综合评价;反映本学科的新理论、新技术或新动向的题目。

所选题目不宜过大,越具体越容易收集资料,从某一个侧面入手,容易深入。

瞄准主流文献,随时整理

文献资料是撰写好学术论文的基础。选择文献时应选择本学科的核心期刊、经典著作等,要注意所选文献的代表性、可靠性及科学性;选择文献应先看近期的(近3~5年),后看远期的,广泛阅读资料,有必要时还应找到有关文献所引用的原文阅读,在阅读时,注意做好读书卡片或读书笔记。

整理资料时,要注意按照问题来组织文献资料,写文献综述时不是将看过的资料都罗列和陈述出来,而是要按照一定的'思路将其提炼出来。只有这样,才能写出好的文献综述,也才能写出好的开题报告,进而为写出好的论文打下基础。

研究目标具体而不死板

一般开题报告都要求明确学位论文的研究目标,但笔者认为,研究目标不宜规定得太死板,这是因为,即使条件一定,目标是偏高还是偏低,往往难于准确判断,研究工作本身,涉及求知因素,各个实验室条件不同,具体研究时条件也不同。学位论文选题和研究目标体现了研究工作的价值特征。

搜索技能篇

google学术搜索

google学术搜索的功能可以说是相当强大,这里先介绍了几个实用的小技能~

查找图书馆试用资源

试试搜索栏里输入:"intitle:试用数据库 inurl:lib" 便可以快速找到各高校图书馆的免费资源了。这些密码虽然持久不了,但是足够解燃眉之急。这是一个密码页。你可以保存起来,说不定今后你会用到它们。

需要说明的是:百度查找中文的期刊还是很管用,因为百度中文页面更新很快,而google在中文方面就不是很在行了,但是英文网页,google则是一个星期更新一次,频率较快,优先采用检索国外数据!

站内直接搜索

谷歌对于一些流量大户,比如知乎,直接在搜索结果页面呈现了站内搜索框,很是方便。

InfoSeek

提供全文检索功能,并有较细致的分类目录,还可搜索图像。网页收录极其丰富,以西文为主,支持简体和繁体中文检索,但中文网页收录较少。查询时能够识别大小写和成语,且支持逻辑条件限制查询(AND、OR、NOT等)。高级检索功能较强,另有字典、事件查询、黄页、股票报价等多种服务。

Wolfram Alpha

图表数据伸手可得的神器!

Wolfram Alpha是一个绘图计算器、在线图书馆、和搜寻引擎的综合体。它不像Google一样给出零碎的混杂的内容,而是直接将每一帧信息拼接成有效的影像,更直观地呈现结果。

举个例子,想要了解中国人口数量变化,Wolfram Alpha会直接给出折线图;相当的方便、直观。

英文论文开题报告是一篇高质量论文的开始,只有良好的开端,才可以给你的论文奠定坚实的基础。

最新英语论文的开题报告范文

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 case study

in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 conclusion

based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

论文开题报告中英

A Comparative Study of Animal Words between English and Chinese[Abstract] In the history of developing process of human beings, some animals always keep relation with human and deeply influence human survival and development to some extent. This close relation repose human’s abounding emotions, like love, joy, hatred, fear and jealousy in animals, so there are lots of animal words in different languages. Words can reflect differences of culture and words are influenced by history, customs, values, and religion. Animal words are given special cultural connotations in different languages. There are many words of animals, such as dogs, birds, sheep, dragons, etc, used in metaphors in the human languages. These animal metaphors have explained the origins of different cultures. Research on comparisons of animal metaphors between Chinese and foreign language provides an answer to the explanations of cultural generalities. Cognitive interpretations of cultural differences or coincidence in different animal metaphors have been reflected from different language levels. Therefore, a reasonable explanation can only be found from the point of view of cognitive science. There are a lot of animal words in both English and Chinese. Their modes of thinking and background are different and they result in the implied meanings of animal words are possibly different. As we known, language is a culture carrier. Culture loaded words play an important role in language.This paper focuses on the similarities and differences of animal words in both Chinese and English. Different cultural backgrounds and ways of thinking result in the different connotation of animal words. To be aware of the different cultures and ways of thinking in the two countries will help us understand the usage of the animal words better, thus understand the language itself much better.[Key Words] Animal words; cultural connotation; similarities and differences 英汉动物词的对比研究 【摘 要】在人类历史发展的漫长进程中, 有些动物一直与人类保持着密切联系并对人类的生存、发展有着深刻的影响。这种关系使得人类对动物产生喜爱、同情、厌恶、恐惧等错综复杂的情感, 人们也常常借动物来寄托和表达人的感情, 所以在英汉两种文化中都有许许多多与动物相关的词汇。同时语言中的词汇反映了文化发展的差异, 由于受历史、习俗、价值观念、宗教信仰等诸方面文化因素的影响, 中英两种语言赋予动物词汇以各自特定的文化内涵众所周知, 在不同语言和不同文化背景下, 每个词除了具有字面意义外, 还有丰富的文化内涵, 即该词所隐含的附带的联想义、比喻义、象征义及带有感情色彩的褒义和贬义等。许多同一动物在不同语言中其语词有着不同的文化内涵。从文化语言学和对比语言学的角度来分析对比中英两种语言中动物词的文化内涵之异同会有助于语言学习。动物词在英汉两种语言中的出现频率都很高。英汉民族思维方式和文化背景不同,同一动物所承载的意义也就会出现差异。通过对动物词文化意义的揭示和研究,不仅可以避免交际中的语用失误,而且对于不同文化的比较与导入有一定的理论和实践意义.语言是文化的载体, 不同民族的语言使世界上的文化呈现出千姿百态。文化差异赋予同一动物词语不同的内涵, 词汇反映了特定的社会文化, 不同的社会背景和文化差异造成了词汇在文化内涵上的差异。通过比较, 人们可以更清楚地感受到英汉文化在动物词语上留下的历史文化差异。本文从同一个动物词代表相同的意义;同一个动物词代表不同的意义; 不同的动物词代表相同的意义; 英汉特有的动物词涵义这四个方面来讨论英汉动物词汇涵义的相同点和不同点。【关键词】动物词;文化内涵; 异同 1. IntroductionIn the history of developing process, human beings keep close relation with animals. They live together on the same earth, and they have great impact on each other. This close relation reposes human’s abounding emotions, like love, joy, hatred, fear and jealousy in animals and results in the emergence and enrichment of animal words in different languages. However, different people from different countries have different ways of thinking and social backgrounds. Therefore, the implied meaning of the words that have the same denotations may be totally different. They are given special cultural connotations for the different social backgrounds and national conventions. And as it is well-known, both English and Chinese have a sea of animal words, which are endowed abundant cultural connotations. So, this paper tries to discuss the cultural connotations of animal words both in English and Chinese from the following aspects: the words refer to the same animal with the same connotations; the words refer to the same animal but with different connotations; the words refer to different animals with the same connotation; the words refer to the same animal but only has connotation in English or Chinese. With comparison, the English learners can better understand the usage of the animal words. 2. The worth for the comparison of animal words between English and Chinese“Cultural connotation refers to the general meaning including connotative meaning and cultural meaning carried in different cultural circumstance. It includes the meaning added and the amplified meaning under special social and cultural background, and also includes the emotions and attitudes of some particular cultural colony.”[1] As we have mentioned above, different social backgrounds render diverse cultural connotations to different languages. Therefore, even if animal words of different languages have the same conceptual meanings, their connotative meanings are not totally the same. As we all know, English has become one of the most open languages around the world. Since it was born, it has never stopped its self-development and meanwhile assimilated other’s cultural essence from different countries. As the result, it can be sure that the animal words in English language have rich cultural implications. And Chinese, as one of the oldest languages in the world, has evolved over 5000 years. The animal words in Chinese have their own specific cultural connotations as well. Fore these reasons, it is worthwhile to make a good comparison of animal words between English and Chinese both for the English language learners and Chinese language learners. It can help them get a better comprehension of the intercultural communication as well. 3. The similarities and differences of animal words between English and Chinese3.1. Similar words or similar meaning3.1.1. The words refer to the same animal with the same connotation It is sure that people around the world live in similar surroundings, so they will have similar thinking on some aspects. When they learn some animal words from their basic cognition to the world, these animal words are endowed with the same cultural connotation. For example, regardless of English or Chinese culture, the animal, fox is the symbol of crafty. Phrases: old fox; play the foxSentences: (1) She is as cunning as a fox, you’ve got to watch her. [2] (2) I could not help reflecting on the strange by which the old fox had saved himself. (3) Are you sure you can trust that man------he is such a sly old fox. [3] Fox also means sly crafty and doubtful in Chinese, for example: (1) 狐假虎威: the ass in the lion’s skin;(fig) bully people by flaunting one'spowerful connections.(2) 狐狸尾巴: fox's tail-cloven hoof; something that gives away the evil intention of somebody like a fox tail(3) 狐朋狗友: a pack of rogues; a gang of scoundrels(4) 狐狸精: fox spirit symbolizing a seductive woman(5) 狐疑: doubt; suspicion [4]In Chinese, “old fox” means someone who is very crafty. For example:(1) 他是一只老狐狸,不要轻易相信他说的话。(He is an old fox, whose words cannot be believed.)(

A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms3.1 The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…;小节的编号为:1.1.1, 1.1.2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号)….In conclusion, ….3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.….3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。 冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。 李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。 (论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;1.5倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)

Proposal 更正式点 opening speech;opening report;Thesis Proposal 也都可以 但多数都用Proposal 如博士论文开题 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

这题目英文翻译的就有问题。。

英语研究生论文开题报告模板下载

研究生毕业论文开题报告模板三篇

篇一:硕士学位论文开题报告

硕士学位论文开题报告书

选题名称汉英方位认知异同及其对汉语国际教育的影响与应用

培 养 单 位: 河南大学

学 科 专 业: 汉语国际教育

研 究 方 向: 对外汉语教学

学 号: 104754110145

开 题 人 姓 名: 程文芳

导师姓名、职称:

填 表 日 期: 2012 年 06 月 20日

河南大学研究生院 制表

填 表 说 明

1.开题报告为A4大小,封面及Ⅰ至Ⅶ项必须用计算机输入,不得随意改变表结构。开题人应逐项认真填写,完毕,将本表全部打印输出,于左侧装订成册。

2.文字输入部分,一律五号字、仿宋体、单倍行间距编排。

3.“参考文献”著录按照GB7714-87文参考文献著录规则执行。书写顺序为:序号·作者·论文名或著作名·杂志或会议名·卷号、期号或会议地点·出版社·页号·年。

4.开题报告应由本学科专业导师组评审通过。指导教师审阅通过后,由开题人在学科组或更大范围内宣读,并接受质疑、评议。导师组由三名以上导师组成。评审合格后,本报告暂由导师负责保管。

5.为加强论文撰写进程的.跟踪指导和督查,在论文定稿之前,至少应对研究写作进行三次考察。开题人要向导师、本学科专业的内研究生汇报论文进展情况,包括论文已经取得的成果、目前面临的难题等,进行充分的讨论,并认真做好记录。

6.论文撰写完成,由导师确定定稿后,方可进入学位申请环节。本表上交学院研究生教育管理办公室,归入开题人学位档案。

Ⅰ.选题简况

Ⅱ.

选题依据

Ⅲ.选题材料收集

篇二:硕士毕业论文开题报告模板

华 东 师 范 大 学

硕士研究生学位论文开题报告

研 究 生 姓 名 学 号导师姓名、职称 系 所 专 业 研 究 方 向 入 学 时 间毕 业 时 间

论 文 题 目 与欧洲

篇三:硕士研究生开题报告范本

研究生学位论文开题报告

(学术型研究生)

课课

题名题来

大学生和谐就业问题研究

√导师研究课题 □自选课题 源 □

□其它

√基础研究 □应用基础研究 项目所属性质 □

□综合研究 □其它

姓层

赵海连 S10030505017

学 号

次 硕士研究生

所在学院 马克思主义学院 学科专业 指导教师 开题时间

思想政治教育 金玉秋

2011年11月6日

燕山大学研究生学院制

注:以下1-8项内容,如填写不下,均可加页。

1、立论依据

英语论文开题报告范文及封面格式

关键字:英语论文开题报告

下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的'借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

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附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

‘“噢,这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐,您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰,1990:59-60)

附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选. 福州:海峡文艺出版社,1990.

戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系,外语教学与研究,2001(5).

附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)(中文)

对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文

论品牌名称翻译的特殊性

专 业:

研究方向:

作 者:

导 师:

写作时间: —

对外经济贸易大学

英语学院

(英文)

School of International Studies

University of International Business and Economics

Pragmatic Strategies

in Advertising: Implicatures

Wang Ying

A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of

University of International Business and Economics

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the degree of Master of Arts

April 2002

Beijing, China

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