发布时间：
索引在右上角标注，底部解释参考文献格式4.5参考文献的格式：论文参考文献的写法应按下列次序——著者/题名/出版事项，由于论文的参考文献品种繁多，择其主要示例如下：谭炳煌，1982.怎徉撰写科学论文.辽宁人民出版社，59Guinier A,施士元译，1959. X射线晶体学.科学出版社，148Pettetssen S, 1941. Introduction to Meterclogy. New York, McGraw-Hill, 200-210即著录书的著者的姓和名的首字母(中国人的名不缩写)，出版年，句点，书名，句点，出版地点，出版者，特定页码。李薰，1964.十年来中国冶金科学技术的发展.金属学报，7：442Bachmann W , 1973. Verallgemeinerung and Anwendung der Rayleighschen Theorie der Schallstreuung.Acustica, 28 (4)：223-228即著录论文的著者的姓和名的首字母(中国人写全姓名)，出版年，句点，论文题目，句点，期刊名缩写，卷(期):页(每卷编连续页码的期刊不写期)。多著者的参考文献标注，在著录文献的著者时，如著者为三人以内，全部著录，如为四人以上，只著录至第三著者，加“et al.，著者最后的两人之间，不加“&”、“和”等类似的连接词。（摘自 《环境化学》，原文：“科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式” ）
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
学术论文英文摘要格式及写作技巧
随着国际学术交流活动的日益频繁和出版业的进一步规范化，英文摘要已成为国际间知识传播、学术交流与合作最直接的窗口，成为我国公开发行的学术期刊论文必不可少的组成部分。《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范》对英文摘要提出了明确的要求："公开发行的学报，其论文应附有中英文摘要。"《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》(CAJ-CD B/T 1-1998)也对英文摘要提出了具体的要求："文献标识码为 A(理论与应用研究论文)、B(应用性成果学习经验总结)、C(业务指导管理类文章)3 类的文章均应有英文题名，其中 A 类文章还应附英文摘要和英文关键词。"为提高学术论文英文摘要的质量，更好地满足国际数据库的检索要求，掌握必要的英文摘要编辑技巧，对英语摘要的语言和结构进行修改与润色，使英文摘要规范、准确、简洁，就显得尤为重要。
1 英文摘要的组成
学术期刊论文的英文摘要主要由英文题名、作者名与单位、英文摘要内容、英文关键词 4 个要素构成，是国际重要检索系统中的核心内容。英文摘要质量的好坏直接影响着学术期刊论文被 SCI、EI 等国际权威检索系统收录的数量、被检索率和被引频次，继而影响到学术成果在世界范围内的传播和交流。
因此，对于学术期刊而言，英文摘要的质量就非常重要。高质量的英文摘要可增加论文被国际同行阅读和引用的机会、提高期刊的整体质量、扩大期刊的国际影响力。
2 英文摘要的编辑技巧
2.1 把握好格式的规范性。
2.1.1 了解主要标准规范。
关于学术期刊论文中英文摘要的规范性，目前的主要依据是两"标准"和两"规范".
两"标准"指的是国际标准 ISO214-1976《文献工作(E)》和国家标准 GB/T 6447-1986《文摘编写规则》。前者是国际标准化组织为了规范文献写作于 1976 年颁布的国际标准，是英文摘要编写的依据;后者是我国为了与国际接轨于 1986 年公布的国家标准，是中文摘要写作的准绳。
两"规范"指的是《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》(CAJ-CD B/T-1998)和《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范》。它们对摘要的写作要求均是基于国际标准 ISO214-1976《文献工作(E)》和国家标准 GB/T 6447-1986《文摘编写规则》。
2.1.2 注意区分大小写。
2.1.2.1 英文题名的大小写。
学术论文英文题名的大小写要遵守一定的规则。一般来说，题名中第 1 个单词的首字母、每个实词的首字母均应大写，虚词(冠词、连词、介词)的首字母应小写，但 5 个字母及以上的虚词首字母应大写，如 Around,Between,Based on 等。有连字符的合成词只有第 1 个词的首字母大写，连字符后的词首字母应小写。
2.1.2.2 作者署名的大小写。
作者署名通常在题名之下，关于作者署名的大小写，按照两"规范"的规定，中国作者姓名按汉语拼音拼写，姓氏和名均不缩写，姓前名后，中间空 1 格。为了避免姓和名混淆，表示姓氏的拼音全部字母大写，复姓应连写，表示名字的第 1 个拼音字母大写，其余小写，双名中间宜用连字符隔开，以避免音节混乱。外国作者的姓名写法遵从国际惯例。
2.1.2.3 关键词的大小写。
关键词是反映论文主题概念的词或词组，一般每篇可选 3~8 个，除专有名词首字母大写外，其余均小写，除必须用复数形式外，一般均用单数形式，多个关键词之间用分号";"分隔。
2.1.3 正确使用英汉标点符号。
学术期刊英文摘要中标点符号使用不当的问题很普遍，主要原因是作者沿用汉语标点符号的习惯。
中英文标点符号在形式、功能和用法方面有许多差异，在进行英文摘要编辑时应特别注意以下几点。
(1)中文句号是个圈".",而英文句号是一个实心点".".
(2)中文省略号有 6 个点"……",而英文省略号有 3 个点"…".
(3)中文用顿号 "、"分隔同类的并列的事，而英文用逗号","表示。
(4)中文书名号用"《》"表示，而英文书名用斜体表示。
(5)中文表示数值的范围用浪纹线"~"表示，连接相关的数字，但英文中表示数值的范围用短破折号"-"表示。浪纹线"~"在英文中主要用于逻辑上或数学上表示否定、近似，或作为代字号用在词典和书籍中表示单词或短语的省略等。
(6)中文主标题与副标题之间一般用破折号"-"分隔，而英文主标题与副标题之间用冒号":"分隔。
2.2 把握好内容的一致性。
关于学术期刊论文中英文摘要的一致性，两"规范"都明确规定："英文题名应与中文题名含义一致，英文摘要的内容应与中文摘要相对应，中、英文关键词应一一对应。"可见，中英文摘要的一致性主要是指含义、内容、数量和顺序的一致性。英文摘要应忠实、准确地反映中文摘要的内容，不能随意更改或删去中文摘要的重点内容或重要信息，不能随意增补中文摘要中未提及的内容。但这并不意味着英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，如果受汉语思维的影响生硬地按照中文字面意思直译或进行句对句、词对词的一一对译，一个词也不改动，这不仅会导致在表达上出现中式英语的现象，而且会使英文摘要用词重复累赘、句子繁杂冗长、语义不流畅。
因此，在进行英文摘要的编辑时，要把握好中英文摘要内容的一致性，英文摘要应忠实地再现中文摘要的内容，但英汉 2 种语言的表达习惯不一样，英文摘要不应拘泥于中文摘要的形式，译文要通顺、得体，语言要简洁明了，尽量选择简短、语义具体明确的词汇，避免使用重复多余、容易引起歧义的词语和繁杂冗长的句子。此外，中英文关键词的数量和先后顺序也应保持一致。
2.3 把握好句法的简洁性。
2.3.1 英文题名以短语为主要结构。
题名是学术期刊论文的重要组成部分，是文章主题内容的直接反映，是检索论文的关键。题名应简明、具体、确切，语言务必要简练，不能太长。中文题名一般不超过 20 个汉字，英文题名通常为 10个实词以内，不宜超过 15 个词。
英文题名一般不用完整的句子，而是以短语为主要结构，常见的有 4 种类型。
(1)名词短语类。题名以表达论文核心内容的名词为中心词，前后加上前置和(或)后置定语进行修饰，前置定语通常是形容词，后置定语通常是介词短语。各个词的顺序很重要，前置定语或后置定语应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻，词序不当会导致表达不准，影响读者正确理解题名的真实含义。
经统计发现，学术论文题名中使用频率较高的"中心词"有：研究(Research/Study on …)、试验/实证/案例研究(Experimental/Empirical/Case Study on …)、分析(Analysis of …)、可行性/可靠性/误差分析(Feasibility/Reliability/Error Analysis of)、探讨(Discussion on…)、调查(Investigation of…)、启示(Enlightenment of…)、影响(Effect of … on …)、比较(Comparisonof … with …; Comparison Between/Among … and …)、应用(Application of …in …)、变化(Change of …)、进展(Development of …)、作用(Role/Function of …)等，只要掌握它们较为固定的译法，题名翻译就容易得多。
(2)动名词短语类。由动名词加宾语构成，有时前后会有状语。
(3)介词短语类。由介词加名词或动名词短语构成。
(4)疑问句。一些评述性、综述性、驳论性文章或对于值得争议的问题，常用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句有探讨性语气，可以点明论文讨论的焦点，使题名显得比较生动，易引起读者兴趣。
2.3.2 英文题名和关键词可省略冠词。
在英文中，冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)2 种形式，当表示所指对象是特定的且能够识别时，便用定冠词(the)表示特指，即当使用定冠词(the)时，读者已经知道所指的是什么。由于汉语中没有冠词的用法，定冠词(the)在英文中很容易被误用或漏用，这一点在进行英文摘要编辑时需特别注意。
但是，由于冠词属于无实际检索意义的词，为提高论文的被检索率，英文题名和关键词中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可以省略，并且英文题名开头的第一个词前尽量少用冠词 The,An或 A.
2.3.3 尽量采用主动语态。
恰当使用语态是英文摘要的基本要素之一，也是摘要符合英语语法规则的前提。
相关研究和统计表明，在语态使用上，国内外期刊英文摘要相差较大，国内期刊论文英文摘要中被动语态占主导，主动语态使用相对较少;而国外期刊论文英文摘要中主动语态占主导，被动语态使用相对较少。
国内期刊英文摘要多使用被动语态，主要原因如下。
(1)与国家标准 GB/T 6447-1986《文摘编写规则》对中文摘要的规定有关，它规定中文摘要撰写要用第三人称，要采用"对……进行了研究"、"报告了……现状"、"进行了……调查"等，不必使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语，受汉语思维的影响，很多作者在中文摘要译成英文摘要时往往使用被动语态;(2)被动语态不必强调动作的施行者甚至可以省略动作的施行者，可以避免使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语，以减少主观因素，使行文显得客观;(3)被动语态可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出它们的地位，有利于说明事实。
而国外期刊英文摘要多使用主动语态，主要原因如下。
(1)与国际标准 ISO214-1976《文献工作(E) 》对语态使用的规定有关，它明确规定应尽量采用主动语态，因主动语态有助于文字的清晰、简洁及有力地表达。然而，在指示性甚至报道性陈述中，为强调动作承受者，也需采用被动语态，由此可见，主动语态比被动语态在结构上更简练，表达更直接有力;(2)过度使用被动语态将不可避免地造成英语句子头重脚轻，结构笨拙，影响读者的阅读效率。
可见，当前国外学术期刊英文摘要的写作趋势是主动语态多于被动语态，为了充分发挥英文摘要的导向功能、报道功能、检索功能以及促进科研成果的国际交流功能，国内学术期刊英文摘要应当与国际接轨，符合国际写作惯例。在符合英语语法规则、满足表达需要的情况下，我国学术期刊论文英文摘要应尽量使用主动语态，以"this paper"、"the author(s)"等作为主语，以更好地适应国际期刊发展的`主流趋势，满足国际数据库的检索要求。同时，为强调动作承受者，也可使用被动语态，需注意的是：
(1)为了保持句子结构的平衡，被动句的主语不宜太长;(2)当被动句的主语太长时，为避免出现"头重脚轻"的句子结构，可采用"It is+动词过去分词+that"的结构，用"it"作形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，把要强调的事物放在句子后部。
2.4 把握好语篇的连贯性。
衔接和连贯是语句成篇的重要保证，主要体现在结构和形式上。
2.4.1 汉语重意合，英语重形合。
汉语重意合，注重功能和意义的完整，主要通过语句的先后顺序与逻辑关系实现词语和句子的连接，很少借助连词，以神统形;句子之间的停顿靠标点符号来体现，逗号","表示一句话中间的停顿，顿号"、"表示句中并列的词或词组之间的停顿，分号";"表示一句话中并列分句之间的停顿，句号"."表示一句话结束后的停顿。
而英语重形合，注重句子结构的完整和形式的规范，以主谓框架为核心，以形显义;只要一个句子有完整的主谓结构，就用实心点"."表示一句话结束后的停顿;2 个或 2 个以上的句子之间若使用逗号，是需要用语言形式手段(连接词)将前后句子的语义联系起来，以清晰体现句子之间的逻辑关系和语义的连贯性。需注意的是，英语句子讲究主谓一致，即主语和谓语在人称(第一、第二或第三人称)和数(单数或复数)的形式上必须保持一致，意义为单数的主语后的谓语动词用单数形式，意义为复数的主语后的谓语动词用复数形式，这是一条最基本的语法规则。
2.4.2 恰当使用连接词使语义更连贯。
英语句子从结构来看有简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓结构的句子;并列句和复合句都包含由连词连接的 2 个或 2 个以上的句子，各句都有完整的主谓结构，所不同的是，并列句中各句可以独立存在，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，复合句由 1 个主句和 1 个或 1 个以上的从句构成，主句可以独立存在，而从句不能独立存在，主从句之间的意思是紧密相连的，不能简单地把主从句拆开来看，而必须将主从句综合起来进行理解。
英文摘要一般不分段，但句式结构多样且复杂。过多使用简单句会使句子结构显得松散，语义不连贯，而恰当使用连接词或过渡词作为语篇衔接手段可以使学术期刊论文英文摘要句子之间的衔接更紧凑、语义更连贯、译文更通顺、逻辑性更强。
在英文摘要中，常用表示对等、选择、时间顺序、转折、列举或解释说明、比较或对比、递进或增补、目的、因果、让步、总结的连接词或过渡词将语篇有机衔接起来。
(1)表示对等关系的连接词：and(和)，both…and…(两者都)，neither…nor(既不……也不……)，aswell as…(也)等。
(2)表示选择关系的连接词：or(或者)，either…or…(不是……就是……)等。
(3)表示时间顺序的连接词：first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)，…finally(最后);first of all(首先)，next then(其次)，lastly(最后)等。
(4)表示转折关系的连接词：but/however(但是)等。
(5)表示列举或解释说明的连接词：for example/ for instance(例如)，namely /that is/ in otherwords(即、也就是说)，take…for example(拿……来说)，such as(如)等。
(6)表示比较或对比的连接词：compared with/in comparison with(与……比较)，on the contrary(正相反)， different from(与……不同)，in contrast with(相比之下)，while(而)等。
(7)表示递进或增补关系的连接词：not only…but also(不但……而且)，what's more(而且、更重要的是)，what's worse/ worse still(更糟糕的是)，besides(此外，还)，in addition/moreover/furthermore(此外)，on the other hand(另一方面)，apart from(除了……之外)，including(包括)等。
(8)表示目的的连接词：in order to/to(为了)，so that(以便)。
(9)表示因果关系的连接词：because(因为，由于)，so/ therefore/ as a result(因此、所以)，because of/due to/owing to/ thanks to(多亏、由于)，for this reason(由于这个原因)等。
(10)表示让步关系的连接词：though/although(虽然、尽管)。
(11)表示总结的连接词：in a word/ in short/ in a few words/ in brief/ briefly(简言之)，onthe whole/in all/to sum up/ in summary(总之)，generally speaking (一般说来)等。
需注意的是：(1)当连接 3 个及以上的句子时，只在最后 1 个句子前使用连词 and(和)，否则容易造成结构与意义的混乱。(2)汉英 2 种语言中都有表示因果和让步的连词，但在用法上有所不同。在汉语中，表示因果的连词 "因为、由于(because)"与"所以、因此(so)"、表示让步的连词"虽然、尽管(though)"与"但是(but)"是要同时用的。但在英语中，当表达"因为/由于……所以/因此"的因果关系，以及表达"虽然/尽管……但是"的让步关系时，在 1 个句子中是不能同时用 2 个连词的，只能用其中 1 个连词。
3 结语
英文摘要作为学术期刊论文的重要组成部分，对其语言和结构的修改和润色是永无止境的，掌握一定的英文摘要编辑技巧对提高学术论文英文摘要质量具有十分重要的作用。英文摘要编辑应把握好格式的规范性、内容的一致性、句法的简洁性、语篇的连贯性，使我国的英文摘要在格式、语言和结构上都尽可能地遵循国际标准规范和通用惯例、符合英语语法规则和表达习惯，提高学术论文在国际权威检索系统中的被检索率和被引频次，促进学术成果的广泛交流与传播，更好地与国际期刊接轨。
1. 启的常用词语（多用于引导主题句）：
first(ly), at first, first of all, in the beginning, in the first place, at present, to begin with, to start with, lately, for one thing(for another), on the one hand(on the other hand), in general, generally speaking
2. 承的常用词语（用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句）：
second(ly), in other words, in particular, in the same way, in addition, from now on, what is more, for example, as another example, at the same time, by this time, of course, for this purpose, equally important
3. 转的常用词语（用于表示不同或相反的情况）：
after all, on the contrary, but, in contrast, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless, unfortunately, though, despite, in fact, in spite of
4. 合的常用词语（用于小结段落中上下文的内容或引导结尾句）：
finally, at last, in brief, in short, in summary, in a word, to sum up, above all, for this reason
启段开头常用语：
A proverb says, 。
Generally speaking, 。
It is often said that 。
As the proverb says (goes), 。
It goes without saying that 。
It is clear that 。
Many people often ask this question, "。?"
承段开头常用语：
It can be easily proved that 。
It is true that 。
No one can deny that 。
We must recognize that 。
Therefore, we should realize that 。
What is more serious is that 。
There is no doubt that 。
转段开头常用语：
But it is a pity that 。
But the problem is not so simple 。
However, 。
People may find this to be true, but I do not. I believe that 。
There is certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to 。
Yet difference will be found, that's why I feel that 。
On the other hand, 。
l 合段开头常用语：
In a word, 。 In conclusion, 。 To sum up, 。
[英语作文常用短语]5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里，英语作文常用短语.6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜.7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智.8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知.9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻.10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表.11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达.12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老.13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子.14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下.15.Look before you leap.三思而后行.16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功.17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同.18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半，初中作文《英语作文常用短语》.19.It is hard to please all.众口难调.20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念.21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩.22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白.23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急.24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里.25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情.26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着.27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言.28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝.29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣.30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃.31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投.32.The older,the wiser.姜是老的辣.33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗.34.An idle age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲.35.AS the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆.36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着. 〔英语作文常用短语〕【征服畏惧、建立自信的最快最确实的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验.】。
总结、给出结果：so , thus, accordingly, according to, consequently, therefore, in conclusion
比较，指出不同：However, whereas, but, noheless, whilst, while, by parison, rather than,
举例：For instance, an example of this is, in other words
次序：Initially, Subsequently,finally, in the aftermath, for the first time, at the time, 。..
增加观点：In addition, furthermore,another aspect of, moreover, the alternative, apart from, in particular
这些都是写学术文章经常用的词。
比较 （parison）
in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in parison, just as
2.对照 （contrast）
whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while
3.因果 （cause and effect）
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
4.强调 （emphasis）
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
5.让步 （concession）
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true。.
6.例证 （exemplification）
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
7.总结 （conclusion）
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
8.推断 （inference）
therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
9.时间和空间 （time and space）
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
一） 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…. （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等. （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等. （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等. （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等. （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等. （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等. （三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上。
As to whether it is worthwhile 。
.., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that。
.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。The human race has entered a pletely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。
plays such an important role that it undeniably bees the biggest concern of the present world, there es a question, is it a blessing or a curse？"_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择？"Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges，现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。
[ft=,+0,]People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。
不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked 。
, some people think。.. while some prefer。
说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，""。
不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people e up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that。万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that。.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）As society develops, people are attaching much importance to。
.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注。
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。When it es to 。
, most people believe that 。, but other people regard 。
as 。.提到_________问题，很多人认为_________，不过，一些人则认为______是____.When faced with。
., quite a few people claim that 。., but other people think as。
提到_________问题，仅少数人认为________，但另一些人则认为_________。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of 。
. There who criticize 。argue that 。
., they believe that 。,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that。
目前，_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______，他们认为_______，不过，另一方面，赞同_______的人则认为_________。
Some people are of the opinion that..有些人认为_____________。Many people claim that。
很多人认为_____________。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that 。
has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为________有很多有利之处（不利之处）。Those who argue for 。
say that 。economic development of the cities.觉得_____的人认为，______ 城市的经济发展。
Some people advocate that 。.有些人在坚持认为_________。
They hold that 。 他们认为_________。
People, who advocate that 。, have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为______的人也有其说法（依据）。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of 。
have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。Many people would claim that。
有人会认为___________。People who support 。
give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因：________。But others hold the view that 。
但是，另外一些人则认为_______。观点的用词：Attitude, opinion， 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, 。
1 .经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2 .人民生活水平的显著提高 / 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3 .先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4 .面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5 .人们普遍认为 It is monly believed/ recognized that… 6 .社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7 .引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8 .不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9 .热烈的讨论 / 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11 .完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12 .一些人 … 而另外一些人 … Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言 / 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14 .就 … 达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15 .有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16 .双方的论点 argument on both sides 17 .发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18 .对 … 必不可少 be indispensable to … 19 .正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20 . … 也不例外 …be no exception 21 .对 … 产生有利 / 不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22 .利远远大于弊 the advantages far oueigh the disadvantages. 23 .导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24 .复杂的社会现象 a plicated social phenomenon 25 .责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of petition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision 28 .学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29 .经济 / 心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30 .考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32 .做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33. 对 … 有益 be beneficial / conducive to… 34 .为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35 .打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for… 36 .综合素质 prehensive quality 37 .无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39 .致力于 / 投身于 be mitted / devoted to… 40. 应当承认 Admittedly, 41 .不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of… 43 .可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44 .宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 45 .因特网 the Inter （一定要由冠词，字母 I 大写） 46 .方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47 .在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48 .环保（的） environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49 .社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 50 .科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51 .对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52 .支持前 / 后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53 .有 / 提供如下理由 / 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54 .在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. … 必然趋势 an irresistible trend of… 57 .日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social petition 58 .眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59 .长远利益 . interest in the long run 60 . … 有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61 .扬长避短 Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62 .取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs. 63 .对 … 有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64 .交流思想 / 情感 / 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 65 .跟上 … 的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of … 66 .采取有效措施来 … take effective measures to do sth. 67 . … 的健康发展 the healthy development of … 68 .有利有弊 Every coin has its o sides. No garden without weeds. 69 .对 … 观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person. 70 .重视 attach great importance to… 71 .社会地位 social status 72 .把时间和精力放在 … 上 focus time and energy on… 73 .扩大知识面 expand one's scope of knowledge 74 .身心两方面 both physically and mentally 75 .有直接 / 间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 76. 提出折中提议 set forth a promise proposal 77. 可以取代 “think” 的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78 .缓解压力 / 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79 .优先考虑 / 发展 … give (top) priority to sth. 80 .与 … 比较 pared with…/ in parison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary. 82 .代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 83 .经不起推敲 cannot bear closer *** ysis / cannot 。
由于汉语更注重意义上的连接，因此经常省略连词，这导致部分同学在用 英语写作 文的时候，也经常在该使用连接词的地方没有使用连接词，从而造 成语 法错误或者意义表达不清晰。下面我给大家带来雅思写作高分必备连接词 总结 。
雅思写作中的11种连接词总结
一、And 并列关系
(and)in addition/and/similarly/likewise/as well as/besides/furthermore/also/moreover/too/not only ... but/even/besides this/that
二、Sequence 顺序 (then)
出现的时候表示列举
first/initially/second etc./to begin with/then/next/earlier/later/following this/that/afterwards
三、Consequence 结果 (so)
前面是后面的结果/也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了
as a result/thus/so/therefore/consequently/it follows that/thereby/eventually/in that case/admittedly
四、Contrast 转折 (but )
表对前面论述的转折/一般后面才是作者观点
however/on the other hand/despite/in spite of/though/although/but/on the contrary/otherwise/yet/instead of/rather/whereas/nonetheless/in contrast
1. for one thing, for another, above all things;
2. to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;
3. in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all; 4. one of these, another,(there is) still another(reason/factor);
1. 首先;其次;重要的是;
2. 首先;然后/此外/而且;后;
3. ，首先;第二;第三;好的是/糟糕的是;
4. 其中一个;另一个;还有一个(原因/因素);
五、Certainty 确定 (of course)
强烈的确定/后面是作者的坚定论点
obviously/certainly/plainly/of course/undoubtedly
六、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )
后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
if/unless/whether/provided that/Given that /for/so that/whether/depending on
七、Time 时间 (when)
before/since/as/until/meanwhile/at the moment/when/whenever/as soon as/just as
八、Summary 总结 (in a word)
作者的最后总结
in conclusion/in summary/lastly/finally/to sum up/to conclude/to recapitulate 重述/in short/in a word
九、Example 举例 (for example)
for example/for instance/just as/in particular/such as/namely 也就是
十、Reason 原因 (because)
since/as/so/because (of)/due to/owing to/the reason why/in other words/leads to/cause
十一、表对比(comparison)
1. but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then;
2. by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to;
3. by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to (A), opposite to, in opposition to;
4. whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however;
5. (as) compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to
6. First..., Next..., Last...;
7. In the first / early / initial / infant period / stage / phase(或In its infancy)..., In the second / middle / adult / ripe period / stage / phase..., In the third / last / closing / later / concluding period...;
8. One step (way/course/approach/secret/trick)..., Another step..., Still another step...;
9. The first measure/step/move..., Next to it comes..., And the last/final/the most important measure...;
10. The direct experience/lesson/factor/way(或One lesson)... The indirect experience/lesson/factor/way(或The other lesson)...
雅思写作连接词之对比转折词语句型介绍：
1. 但是;但相反地;但另一方面;但是接下去;
2. 通过对比;经过对比;经与…对比;作为与…的对比;作为…的对照;
3. 相反;相反;相反;与A相反;与…相反;与…相反;
4. 然而;然而;然而另一方面;然而整体而言;然而;然而;
5. 跟…相比
6. 首先…;其次…;后…;
7. 在个/早期/开始/婴儿时期/阶段;在第二个/中间/成人/成熟时期/阶段;在第三个/后/结束/后面的阶段;
8. 一个 措施 / 方法 /做法/秘密/计策是…;另一个措施是…;还有一个措施是…;
9. 个措施是…;接着是…;后一个/重要的措施是…;
10. 直接 经验 /教训/因素/途径是(一个教训是)…;间接经验/教训/因素/途径是(另一个教训是)… 雅思写作对比转折句型
1. But the obvious (fatal/serious) flaw (defect/drawback) in their argument (attitude/idea/view/action/behavior) is that.../But the basic (main/great/key/ big) problem with their argument (...) is that...
e.g. ...that they are ignorant of (blind to) a bare fact: Social changes have attached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.
2. But if...it is (not) easy (difficult/hard) to see (find/discover) that ... e.g. But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.
3. Too much emphasis (attention/stress/concern/significance) placed on (given to/focused on/attached to/paid to) the negative (sunny/gloomy/bright) side of the issue, however, may...(如mislead/confuse/cloud/bias/disturb our judgment of it.)A
e.g. ..., however, may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of current situations.或..., however, may stop us from rendering (passing/forming/having) a fair (correct/clear/infallible/wise) judgment on it.
4. But in most cases/from the point of view of justice (objectivity)/as a matter of fact/in a very true sense, their (public/general) satisfaction
(dissatisfaction/disillusionment/concern) with...(或their criticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.../their approval for...)can not.../is..., for...
e.g. But in an impartial sense, the public dissatisfaction can not hold every water, for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.
5. As a result of..., however, things would/are bound to...
e.g. As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , things would be past saving/mending/all the hope.
雅思写作转折句型介绍：
1. 但他们 辩论 /态度/观点/看法/行为中的明显/致命的/严重的缺点/缺陷是…;他们辩论的基本/大/主要问题在于…
例：…他们忽视了一个赤裸裸的事实：社会变革给善恶的区分赋予了新的意义和价值。?
2. 但如果…很(不)容易/难发现…
例：但如果他们稍微调整一下思路，就不难发现生活还是跟以前一样前途光明。
3. 然而，对问题负面/正面/阴暗面给予/集中/附加了太多的强调/注意/关注会…(如误导/混淆/掩盖/歪曲/干扰我们对它的判断)
例：然而，…会误导我们对目前的形势形成悲观的估计。或：然而，…会阻碍我们对其形成/有一个正确的/清楚的/无误的/明智的判断。
4. 但大多数情况下/从公正(客观)的角度来看/实际上/真正意义上，他们/公众/对…的满意/不满/幻灭/关注(或：他们对…的批评/他们对…辩解(辩驳)/他们对…的反对/他们对…的支持)不能…/是…，因为…
例：但从公正的角度来看，公众的不满并不都有道理，因为我们的社会仍然充满着善与美。
5. 然而，作为…的结果，事情会注定…
例：然而，作为对不良行为全然漠视的结果，事情将成为过去，希望还在。
雅思写作考试时的10种提分连接词
For the sake of…因为……的缘故In terms of…在……方面Likewise, / similarly / by the same token 同理In spite of…虽然，尽管As well as…以及(=and)Regardless of…不管(people are born equal regardless of race and color)As a result 结果In addition (to) 除……之外Like / unlike…像……一样In regards to…就……来咖啡，麦卡龙，咖啡馆，茶杯，茶点，饮料，读书，饮料，小吃，蒙大纳，弯曲的树，通心粉，耶稣典型例句1) These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have time for this, but in more material ways.2) Others think the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to employers.3) Today, many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health. 范文 例句精选
1) For the sake of human beings’ health, we need to balance our diet so that it contains both meat and vegetables. (2016/3/12)为了人类的健康，我们需要平衡饮食结构，既要有肉类也要有蔬菜。2) Yet, rather than a simply personal issue, food is always also a social issue in terms of its production, distribution and consumption. (2017/9/21)然而，食品不仅仅是一个简单的个人问题，它在生产、分配和消费方面也往往是一个社会问题。3) Yet one issue is still in debate: to whom should the money of charity organisations go, exclusively to people who live in the same country as the organisations, or to all people regardless of where they live? (2016/8/20)然而，有一个问题仍在争论中：慈善组织的钱到底该用在谁身上，应该用于与机构同一国家的人呢，还是用于所有人，不管他们生活在哪?4) Unlike many worried parents who prefer to educate their kids at home, I believe school is the best place for kids' education. (2017/4/26)与那些忧心忡忡宁愿在家 教育 孩子的父母不同，我相信学校才是教育孩子的最佳地方。5) In conclusion, teenagers’ ability to tell right from wrong is important to themselves as well as the entire society.(2018/7/28)总之，青少年辨别是非的能力对他们自己和整个社会都很重要。
必备雅思写作连接词分享 起承转合一气呵成
雅思写作连接词之起：
First/firstly/first of all/ to begin with/to start with/ in the first place,
First and foremost;For one thing(… for another);On the one hand(…on the other)
雅思写作连接词之承：
Second/secondly;Third/thirdly;Besides/in addition/ in addition to…;Furthermore/what is more/moreover;Namely/ in other words;In the same way/similarly/likewise;Afterwards/ after that/ after a while;Consequently/as a consequence/as a result
雅思写作连接词之转：
But/yet;However/Nonetheless/Nevertheless;On the contrary/conversely;Though/although/even though/even if;Unlike…. ,A…;Different from… , A….;In fact/ as a matter of fact,
雅思写作连接词之合：
Finally/eventually/in the final analysis;In conclusion/to conclude;In short/In brief;In summary/ to sum up/in sum;As I have said/as has been noted;Given the fact that…., we can come to the conclusion that…
另附雅思大 作文 考官范文示例
In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
构思过程：
独居，也就是一个人生活，显然有利有弊，如果选择一边倒观点显然都站不住脚，很难论证，需要分开讨论平均用力。主体段一段写好处，一段写坏处。抽象类话题往往在寻找观点上比较困难或者没有方向，建议大家按照文波雅思教授的方法分类提取观点。本篇考官分别从个人和经济的角度出发，层次分明论证清晰，值得大家学习。
Introduction
1)背景导入，说尤其在发达国家的大城市，最近几年独居变得更为常见。
In recent years it has become far more normal for people to live alone,particularly in large cities in the developed world.
(句型结构：It adj. for sb. to do sth. 后置状语补充，注意完成时has become;注意particularly的用法，举特例方便直接，类似especially但语气更强; in the developed world比in developed countries更地道;far more修饰normal代入感强)
2)观点句，我认为这个趋势的影响好坏各半。
In my opinion, this trend could have both positive and negative consequences in equal measure.
(句型结构：简单句 后置状语;虚拟语气could have;consequences高分词;in equal measure高分搭配)
Main Paragraphs 1
1)段首概括，一个人住在个人和宏观经济上都有好处。
The rise in one-person households can be seen as positive for both personal and broader economic reasons.
(句型结构：被动 后置状语并列;主语the rise in one-person households替换more people choose to live alone，地道高分搭配准确;seen as语法得分点;personal & broader economic词汇得分点)
2)分论点1：个人层面上，独居的人可能变得比和家人一起住的人更独立自强(常见观点)
On an individual level, people who choose to live alone may become more independent and self-reliant than those who live with family members.
(句型结构：前置状语 主语who从句 谓语比较级 宾语who从句，高分复合句;self-reliant高分词，展示词汇量)
3)举例论证 线性推理展开：独居年轻人需要 学做饭 ，做家务，付账单，管账等重要的生活技能;这样的人增加了就是种正面的发展
A young adult who lives alone, for example, will need to learn to cook, clean, pay bills and manage his or her budget, all of which are valuable life skills; an increase in the number of such individuals can certainly be seen as a positive development.
(句型结构：主语从句 插入语 不定式并列 宾语all of which从句;简单分句 被动;valuable得分词;an increase语法得分点;such individuals指代准确，语法和词汇得分点)
4)分论点2：经济角度上看，独居的趋势会导致住房需求增加(加分观点)
From an economic perspective, the trend towards living alone will result ingreater demand for housing.
(句型结构：前置状语 后置定语 简单句;trend towards living搭配准确，词汇和语法得分点;result in学术搭配，词汇得分点;demand for housing词汇得分点)
5) 举例说明展开：这样会让建筑公司，房产中介和 其它 依赖业主购买产品的公司获益。
This is likely to benefit the construction industry, estate agents and a whole host of other companies that rely on homeowners to buy their products or services.
(句型结构：简单句 宾语并列 宾语that从句;likely to benefit学术搭配，词汇得分点;construction industry & estate agents展示词汇量;rely on homeowners词汇得分点)
Main Paragraph 2
1)段首概括：上述个人和经济的论点可以反向考虑;(简介易懂，挂钩前文暗含对比，CC满分技巧)
However, the personal and economic arguments given above can be considered from the opposite angle.
(句型结构：转折 简单句被动;given above非谓语修饰，语法得分点;be considered from学术搭配，词汇语法得分点;the opposite angle词汇得分点)
2)分论点1：和独立的好处相比，独居的人会感觉孤独、隔离和不安(常见观点)
Firstly, rather than the positive feeling of increased independence, people who live alone may experience feelings of loneliness, isolation and worry.
(句型结构：前置状语 主语从句 宾语并列;rather than无痕迹对比，语法和CC得分点;loneliness & isolation高分词)
3)举例对比 论证展开：他们错过了家人或室友提供的对话和支持，还要承担过重的家庭账单和职责;这样来说，这个趋势就是负面的
They miss out on the emotional support and daily conversation that family or flatmates can provide, and they must bear the weight of all household bills and responsibilities; in this sense, perhaps the trend towards living alone is a negative one.
(句型结构：简单句并列 宾语从句 简单分句;miss out on地道搭配;emotional support, daily conversation & flatmates词汇加分点;bear the weight of高分搭配，词汇得分点;a negative one指代准确避免重复，语法得分点)
4)分论点2：从经济角度来说，住房需求增加会推高房价和租金(加分观点)
Secondly, from the financial point of view, a rise in demand for housing is likely to push up property prices and rents.
(句式结构:前置状语 简单句;the financial point of view替换an economic perspective;likely to push up学术搭配;property prices & rents词汇得分点)
5)对比论证 说明展开：虽然让企业获益，但大众包括独居的人都要面临更高的居住成本
While this may benefit some businesses, the general population, including those who live alone, will be faced with rising living costs.
(句式结构：让步句 插入语补充 被动;be faced with地道搭配;rising living costs词汇得分点)
Conclusion
1)一句话总结：独居增加对个人和经济影响有好有坏
In conclusion, the increase in one-person households will have both beneficial and detrimental effects on individuals and on the economy.
(句式结构：总结 简单句 宾补;detrimental不利的，高分词，beneficial & detrimental替换positive & negative;两个on介词 短语 并列，语法得分点)
雅思大作文评分
TR: 两面观点完整回答问题，分论点详实有深度，首尾段观点总结到位，9分
CC: 全篇结构清晰，整齐，行文连接通顺，易于理解，没有明显模板痕迹，9分
LR: 词汇非常多样，同义替换到位，搭配地道准确，9分
GA: 句型多变，复合句实用灵活，没有语法错误，9分
(13 sentences, 306 words, band 9)
考官经典的雅思大作文4段13句模板，大家可以模仿哦，注意，这里所谓的模板，是指他所熟悉和擅长的一种行文结构，而并非具体的模板句型。
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8. 如何快速提高雅思写作?
9. 雅思写作中必须掌握的16个连词和短语
留学生在写作essay时不可避免地会遇到这样的情形：一段话中表示连接的相同短语多次出现，想要找到替换的单词或短语又不知从何下手，导致最终写出的论文自我感觉重复过多，这样一来也不会给导师或读者留下很好的印象。最终的论文成绩不甚理想，更严重者可能出现重复度过高的情况，辛苦写作的论文反而被打上“不及格” 的标签。为了预防这种情况的发生，我今天就和大家聊一聊essay写作中英文连接词的那些事。 Because/because of 是essay写作中最为常用的essay连接词，通常表示 “因为/由于” 的含义。既可以用于比较正式的形式，也可以用于非正式的形式。在留学生的日常写作中，我们可以用以下的一些单词或短语来替代它们，像as, since, as a result of, as long as, being as, due to, inasmuch as, now that, out of, owing to等。虽然这些短语在一定程度上可以表示 “因为/由于” 连接或转折的含义，但他们有其各自的适用性和独特含义。具体情况如下： 一、As/ since 当读者已经知道了原因或者as/since引导的从句并不是句子中最为重要的部分时，可以使用as/since替代because. 举例： As the man had no friends, he walked alone. Because the man had no friends, he walked alone. 因为男人没有朋友，所以他独自一个行走。 二、较正式的essay连接词 可以用于替换because的比较正式的单词或短语包括 inasmuch as和in view of the fact that. 1. Inasmuch as 译为 “因为”，或多或少与because有相同的含义，通常用于比较正式的场合。 2. In view of the fact that 中文解释为 “鉴于以下事实”，与 inasmuch as有相同的含义。 举例： · Inasmuch as Inasmuch as the patient had contracted a contagious infection, visitors were required to wear gowns and masks. Because the patient had contracted a contagious infection, visitors were required to wear gowns and masks. 因为病人感染了传染性疾病，所以要求访客穿上防护服和口罩。 · In view of the fact that That was awful, even more so in view of the fact that it was Smith. That was awful, even more so because it was Smith. 这真是太糟糕了，因为这是Smith。 三、非正式的essay连接词 与because有相同含义用于非正式形式的短语包括as long as, being as, considering that等。 1. As long as “只要” 表示当某一件事情正在发生、将要发生或者是真实时，另一件事是可能的。 2. Being as “作为”, 又可写作 being as how, being that与as long as有相同的意义和形式。 3. Considering that “考虑到”, 在含义和形式上等同于as long as, being that. 举例： · As long as As long as he studied, he received excellent marks. Because he studied, he received excellent marks. 因为他复习了，所以取得了优异的成绩。 · Considering that Considering the extenuating circumstances, I will forgive his absence. Because of the extenuating circumstances, I will forgive his absence. 考虑到形势恶化，我将原谅他的缺席。 四、介词形式的essay连接词 1. As a result of 中文译为 “结果是”，可以用于替代because of, 而不是because。 2. Due to 表示 “由于的含义”，和as a result of 一样，due to 是一个介词，所以通常可以替换because of。 3. Owing to 是指“由于”, 类似于due to, 通常用于一个正式的场合。 4. Through 表示 “通过” 的含义，是一个介词，可以用于替换because of。 举例： · As a result of As a result of her impudence, the teacher gave her a detention. Because of her impudence, the teacher gave her a detention. 由于/因为她的无礼，老师把她拘留了。 · Owing to Owing to his poor interpersonal skills, he was demoted. Because of his poor interpersonal skills, he was demoted. 因为他的人际交往能力差，他被降职。 五、其他含义的英文连接词 1. For 在表示 "because" 的含义时，通常用于比较诗意化的表达。 2. Thanks to "得益于/感谢", 可用于积极或消极的结果。 举例： · For Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die. 让我们吃喝，因为明天我们会死了。 · Thanks to Thanks to the treatment, her condition has improved. 因为治疗，她的情况得到了改善。 结论 以上五种是我们在写作essay时比较常用的可用来替换because, because of 的英文连接词和介词的单词或短语，希望可以给各位留学的小伙伴带来借鉴和参考。Essay连接词看似不起眼，但实际上是英文论文的重要组成部分，大家应该加以重视和关注
1、间不容发 jiān bú róng fā 间：空隙。空隙中容不下一根头发。比喻与灾祸相距极近或情势危急到极点。不是“形容距离小”。
造句：“超级女生”在全国巡回演出，每到一处，那场面人山人海，摩肩接踵，真可以用间不容发来形容。
2、对簿公堂 duì bù gōng táng 簿：文状、起诉书之类；对簿：受审问；公堂：旧指官吏审理案件的地方。在法庭上受审问。不能误用为“双方打官司”。
造句：事情一拖再拖，悬而不决，双方只得求助于法律，对簿公堂
3、不足为训 bú zú wéi xùn 足：值得。训：准则，典范。指不值得作为准则或典范。不能理解为“不值得作为教训”。
造句：这样的小错误对于整个项目的要求来说是无伤大雅、不足为训的，
4、不绝如缕 bú jué rú lǚ 绝：断；缕：细线。像细线一样连着，差点儿就要断了。多用来形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。不能误认为“连续不断”。
大街上，商场里，到处是游玩购物的人，熙熙攘攘，不绝如缕。
5、明日黄花 míng rì huáng huā 黄花：菊花。原指重阳节过后逐渐萎谢的菊花。后多比喻过时的事物或消息。不是指未来的东西。
造句：李老师语重心长地对我们说：“他们是明日黄花了，可你们是祖国的未来，一定要努力呀！”
6、连接词：有 和、跟、与、同、及、而、况、况且、何况、乃至等。
连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。
1、连词定义：连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。
2、连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。 （1）并列连词：有和、跟、与、同、及、而、况、况且、何况、乃至等。 （2）承接连词：有则、乃、就、而、于是、至于、说到、此外、像、如、一般、比方等。 （3）转折连词：有却、但是、然而、而、偏偏、只是、不过、至于、致、不料、岂知等。 （4）因果连词：有原来、因为、由于、以便、因此、所以、是故、以致等。 （5）选择连词：有或、抑、非…即、不是…就是等。 （6）假设连词：有若、如果、若是、假如、假使、倘若、要是、譬如等。 （7）比较连词：有像、好比、如同、似乎、等于；不如、不及；与其…不如、若…则、虽然…可是等。 （8）让步连词：有虽然、固然、尽管、纵然、即使等。
其实高三买的那些 语文资料 里面有很多常考的成语，还有就是把资料里面的 拼音和 常错的字词，那些很常考的，高考一般就出一到两个很模糊的，努力一点就没事了。 加油！！！！！！高考语文最容易用错的25个成语：： 1．间不容发 间：空隙。空隙中容不下一根头发。比喻与灾祸相距极近或情势危急到极点。不是“形容距离小”。 【误例】近段时间，“超级女生”在全国巡回演出，每到一处，那场面人山人海，摩肩接踵，真可以用间不容发来形容。 2．对簿公堂 簿：文状、起诉书之类；对簿：受审问；公堂：旧指官吏审理案件的地方。在法庭上受审问。不能误用为“双方打官司”。 【误例】事情一拖再拖，悬而不决，双方只得求助于法律，对簿公堂。 3．拍手称快 快：痛快。拍掌叫好。多指正义得到伸张或事情的结局使人感到满意。不能直接用于那些欢快的场面。 【误例】文艺演出现场，身着盛装的表演者光着脚，微笑着，一边跳着傣族舞，一边向人们泼水致意，在场群众纷纷拍手称快。 4．不足为训 足：值得。训：准则，典范。指不值得作为准则或典范。不能理解为“不值得作为教训”。 【误例】这样的小错误对于整个项目的要求来说是无伤大雅、不足为训的，我们决不能只纠缠于细枝末节而忘了根本的目标。 5．不刊之论 刊：削除，古代把字写在竹简上，有错误就削去。指正确的、不可修改的言论。不能理解为“不能刊登、发表”。 【误例】这篇文章内容粗俗，只有华丽的辞藻，竟然在报刊上发表，简直是不刊之论。 6．目无全牛 全牛：整个一头牛。眼中没有完整的牛，只有牛的筋骨结构。比喻技术熟练到了得心应手的境地。不能理解为“没有全局观念或看不到整体”。不能误用作贬义词。 【误例】各部门都要有全局观念，那种目无全牛而忽视整体利益的做法是错误的。 7．下里巴人 原指战国时代楚国民间流行的一种歌曲。比喻通俗的文学艺术。不能理解为“社会地位低下的人”。 【误例】有些人瞧不起民间剪纸，认为这只是下里巴人创造的玩意儿，没有艺术价值，其实这是一种错误的观念。 8．不赞一词 原指文章写得很好，别人不能再添一句话。现也指一言不发。不能理解为“不说一句赞成的话”。 【误例】我对任何邪教组织的言论不赞一词。 9．不绝如缕 绝：断；缕：细线。像细线一样连着，差点儿就要断了。多用来形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。不能误认为“连续不断”。 【误例】大街上，商场里，到处是游玩购物的人，熙熙攘攘，不绝如缕。 10．长此以往 长期这样下去。多用于不好的结果。 【误例】新学期伊始，教师要引导高一新生听好课、做好笔记、完成好课后作业，长此以往，定能让学生养成良好的学习习惯。 11．久假不归 假：借。长期借去，不归还。不能理解为“长期请假而不回来”。 【误例】人事处通知，对那些久假不归的同志要查明情况，对其中的无故旷工者要严肃处理。 12．明日黄花 黄花：菊花。原指重阳节过后逐渐萎谢的菊花。后多比喻过时的事物或消息。不是指未来的东西。 【误例】李老师语重心长地对我们说：“你们是明日黄花，是祖国的未来，一定要努力呀！” 13．炙手可热 手摸上去感到热得烫人。比喻权势大，气焰盛，使人不敢接近。用于人而不用于物，不可理解为“热门”或“商品畅销”。 【误例】家用电器的降价刺激了市民消费欲的增长，原来趋于滞销的彩电，现在一下子成了炙手可热的商品。 14．无所不为 没有不干的事情。指什么坏事都干。不能误用作褒义词。 【误例】这些年轻的科学家以无所不为的勇气，克服重重困难，去探索大自然的奥秘。 15．巧夺天工 夺：胜过。人工的精巧胜过天然，形容技艺十分巧妙。不能用于“自然本身”。 【误例】翘首西望，海面托着的就是披着银发的苍山。苍山如屏，洱海如镜，真是巧夺天工。 16．别无长物 长物：多余的东西。除一身之外再没有多余的东西。原指生活俭朴，现形容贫穷。不能理解成“自己没有什么长处”。 【误例】他谦虚地说：“我既不擅长唱歌，也不喜欢运动；除了画画，就别无长物了。” 17．蚂蚁进磨盘——条条是道 磨盘，磨的底盘，凿有许多齿形道。比喻办法多，门路广。不能理解为“有很多条道路”。 【误例】他自小没见过世面，好不容易进了城，只见车水马龙、大街小巷，如同蚂蚁进磨盘——条条是道。 18．细大不捐 细：微，小；捐：舍弃。小的大的都不抛弃。形容包罗一切，没有选择。不能理解为“一点东西也不捐出”。 【误例】当人们纷纷向灾区人民捐款捐物时，你却细大不捐，这样做，你不感到羞愧么？ 19．石破天惊 比喻文章议论新奇惊人。不能用于“惊人的消息或变化”。 【误例】改革开放的成果越来越令人瞩目，许多来中国的人都有感于二十几年来中国发生的石破天惊的变化。 20．危言危行 危：正直。说正直的话，做正直的事。不能理解为“危险的言论和行动”。 【误例】美国政府在台湾问题上的危言危行，只能是搬起石头砸自己的脚。 21．豆蔻年华 豆蔻：一种草本植物，指女子十三四岁时。不能用于成年女子，更不能用于男孩。 【误例】近年来，一些正值豆蔻年华的大学生沉迷在网吧里，从而荒废了学业，浪费了青春，真让人痛惜不已。 22．罪不容诛 诛：把罪人杀死。罪恶极大，杀了也抵不了其所犯的罪恶。不能理解为“罪恶小，不应该诛杀”。 【误例】法庭认为，张师傅因正当防卫而致使歹徒丧命，实属情有可原，罪不容诛。 23．大快人心 快：痛快。指坏人坏事受到惩罚或打击，使大家非常痛快。不能用于“一般的好事”。 【误例】最近，老王的女儿考上了公务员，儿子考上了大学，下岗的妻子也找到了工作。老王乐得合不拢嘴：这真是大快人心啊！
in/ by contrast 对比之下 2.unfortunately 不幸地 3.though/ although 尽管 4.even though 即使 5.anyway 无论如何 6.after all 毕竟 7.all the same 依然; 照样 8.in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 9.fortunately 幸运地 10.however 然而 11.in spite of 尽管; 虽然 12.at the same time 同时; 然而 13.otherwise 否则 14.on the contrary 相反 15.especially 尤其 16.There are two sides to everything. 有关 “承” 的连接词语,用来承接上下文. 1.by this time 此时 2.at the same time 同时 3.after a while 过了一会儿 4.after a few days 几天以后 5.second/ secondly 第二; 第二点 6.in addition 另外 7.besides/ what’s more 另外 8.by the way 顺便提一句 9.in other words 换句话说 10.in particular/ particularly 特别地 11.worse still 更糟的是 12.obviously 明显地 13.no doubt 无疑地 14.for example/ for instance 例如 15.therefore 因此 16.indeed 的确 17.unlike 不象… 18.certainly 当然 19.for another 其次 20.still 仍然 21.similarly 同样地有关 “起” 的 l 连接词语,用语开篇或引出扩展句. at first/ in the beginning 起初 2.at present 现在; 当今 3.recently/ lately 最近 4.first/ firstly/ first of all 第一 5.generally speaking 一般地说 6.on the whole 总的说来 7.It is well understood that … 8.There goes a saying that …. 9.for one thing… for another/ also 首先…其次 10.presently 此刻; 现在 11.to begin with/ to start with 首先; 第一 12.in general 一般来说 13.on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面… 另一方面 14.As the saying goes,‘… 楼主初三毕业党 英语作文中一般常用的连词上面的也就够了
连接词（1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。（3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。（5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。（7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
过渡词的用法1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左、on the rinht/left 在右/左边、in the middle of、在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面、at the back of 在后面、at the bottom of 在底部、on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部、opposite to 与……相对、close to 靠近、near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻、under 垂直在下、over 垂直在上、below 在下方、above 在上方、across 在……的另一边、around 在周围、behind 在后、before 在前、against 靠着、抵着、further on 再往前3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像……5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上。
常用连接词：
1. 表选择关系或对等关系的连e799bee5baa6e59b9ee7ad9431333365646364接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
2. 表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。
3. 表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
4. 表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。
5. 表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
6. 表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。
7. 表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
英文连接词是连接英文单词的词，如also,and等。英语有486,000个左右的单词，而连接词却只有70个左右，它们总是非常高频率的出现在各类文章、对话、电邮等英语实际沟通中。
英文连接词像胶水一样将相关联的句子连接起来，国际心理学家、语言学家、教育家Chris Lonsdale 龙飞虎又把它称之为“胶水词”。胶水词就像英语的骨架一样重要，学会了胶水词，同时拥有词组的累积，就可以轻松灵活的造出任何需要的长句。
这个太多了 你在文库里搜搜“作文模板” 很多~一） 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
（三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上。
常用连接词： 表选择关系或对等关系的连e799bee5baa6e59b9ee7ad9431333365646364接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
英文连接词是连接英文单词的词，如also,and等。英语有486,000个左右的单词，而连接词却只有70个左右，它们总是非常高频率的出现在各类文章、对话、电邮等英语实际沟通中。
英文连接词像胶水一样将相关联的句子连接起来，国际心理学家、语言学家、教育家Chris Lonsdale 龙飞虎又把它称之为“胶水词”。胶水词就像英语的骨架一样重要，学会了胶水词，同时拥有词组的累积，就可以轻松灵活的造出任何需要的长句。
(1)表示增加的过渡词：also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,again,on top ofthat,another,firstsecondthird等。
(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词：now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,lat-r,immediately,soon,next,in afew days,gradually,suddenly,finally等。
(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词：near(to),far(from),in frontof,behind,beside,eyond,above,below,tothe rightleft,around,outside等。
(4)表示比较的过渡词：in thesameway,justlike,justas等。
(5)表示对照的过渡词：but,still,yet,however,on theotherhand,onthecon-ary,in spite of,even though等。
(6)表示结 果 和 原 因 的 过 渡 词：because,since,so,as a result,therefore,hen,thus,otherwise等。
(7)表示目的的过渡词：forthisreason,forthispurpose,so that等。
(8)表示强调的过渡词：in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,withoutnydoubt,truly,torepeat,aboveall,mostimportant等。
(9)表示解释说明的过渡词：forexample,in fact,in thiscase,foractually等。
(10)表示总结的过渡词：finally,atlast,inconclusion,asihaveshown,inoth-rword,in brief,in short,in general,on the whole,asha *** een stated等。
原发布者：水瓶crystal5
英语中常用的连接词1.表示罗列增加：First,second,third,First,then/next,afterthat/next,finallyForohing…foranother…，On(the)onehand…ontheotherhand,Besides/what' *** ore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,Especially/Inparticular,2.表示时间顺序：now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themomentformnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,meanwhile,till,not…until,before,after,when,while,asduring,3.表示解释说明：now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreoverfurthermore,infact,actually4.表示转折关系：but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,5.表示并列关系：or,and,also,too,notonly…butalso,aswellas,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,for6.
【亲，我觉得《10天搞定托福essay》中的Day 5，详细讲linkers，其中的连词很好用，还附上详细用法.如果亲没看过这本书，不妨看看我传的附件，附上了这本书】以下内容截取自该书的Day 5，“连词（linkers）”那一章一、表原因的连词： as, since, due to, owing to二、表结果的连词hence, therefore, thus, as a consequence, consequently, so that三、表目的的连词thereby, in order to四、举例关系中用的连词take。
for example, for instance, such as, this point is best illustrated with the example of 。五、类比与对比关系时用的连词similarly, likewise,while, whereas, in contrast六、让步关系中用的连词despite, in spite of, noishstanding, noheless, nevertheless, even though, albeit, as long as七、假设关系中用的连词otherwise, provided that, unless八、限定关系in terms of, as for, when it es to, regarding, concerning。
（1）表示承接的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，what's more, again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally··等。（但是你可以感受到这些词是副词，所以原词条对于“连接词”即连词是错误的）（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。（5）表示转折的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，on the contrary，in spite of/ in spite of the fact that，even though，although，despite / despite the fact that等。（6）一方面，另一方面：on the one hand，on the other hand，for one thing，for another等。（7）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，furthermore，otherwise等。（as a result ,therefore, thus并不是连词而是副词，所以经常是放句首，用逗号与后面句子隔开）（8）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order to等。（9）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。（10）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually， for instance等。（11）表示总结的过渡词：in a word，above all,，all in all，finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in another word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated，last but not least,in addition等。
写英文论文，你可以看一下网上的例子。比如：for example总的来说：generally首先，接着，最后:first, next, finally以下我帖了一些最最常用的连接词的分类，希望有用！另外:also,again,as well as,besides,coupled with,furthermore,in addition,likewise,moreover,similarly应为。。。所以: accordingly,as a result,consequently,for this reason,for this purpose, hence,otherwise,so then,subsequently,therefore,thus,thereupon,wherefore 一般来讲/总的来说: as a rule,as usual,for the most part, generally,generally speaking,ordinarily,usually 例子: chiefly,especially,for instance,in particular,markedly,namely, particularly,including,specifically,such as 充数、例子: for example,for instance,for one thing,as an illustration, illustrated with,as an example,in this case 强调 above all,chiefly,with attention to,especially,particularly,singularly 对比（相同）: comparatively,coupled with,correspondingly,identically,likewise,similar,moreover,together with 不包括: aside from,barring,besides,except,excepting,excluding,exclusive of,other than,outside of,save 重复: in essence,in other words,namely,that is,that is to say, in short,in brief,to put it differently 对比: contrast,by the same token,conversely,instead,likewise, on one hand,on the other hand,on the contrary,rather, similarly,yet,but,however,still,nevertheless,in contrast 步骤: at first,first of all,to begin with,in the first place,at the same time, for now,for the time being,the next step,in time,in turn,later on, meanwhile,next,then,soon,the meantime,later,while,earlier, simultaneously,afterward,in conclusion,with this in mind, 总结: after all,all in all,all things considered,briefly,by and large,in any case,in any event, in brief,in conclusion,on the whole,in short,in summary,in the final analysis, in the long run,on balance,to sum up,to summarize,finally Diversion: by the way,incidentally 方向: here,there,over there,beyond,nearly,opposite,under,above, to the left,to the right,in the distance
表示强调的连接词 still,Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all,significantly,obviously,interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially,clearly.表示比较的连接词 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表示对比的连接词 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表示列举的连接词 for example, for instance, such as, take 。
for example. Except (for), to illustrate.表示时间的连接词 later,next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.表示顺序的连接词 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表示可能的连接词 presumably, probably, perhaps.用于解释的连接词 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表示递进的连接词 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表示让步的连接词 although, after all, in spite of。, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表示转折的连接词 however,rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the one hand, on the other hand,unfortunately. whereas; some, others; here, there; on the contrary; in contrast to; in spite of; not only。
but also; while;although;nevertheless,years ago。today; this。
that; the former。the later; then。
now; the first。whereas the second; once。
now表示原因的连接词 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表示结果的连接词 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.用于总结的连接词 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他类型连接词 Mostly,occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, monly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case。
Since I go to middle school, I don't like to talk to parents, because when I tell them my idea, they will deny it and then ask me do as what they say. I am not the little girl anymore, I have the right to make my decision. My parents realize this, someday they walked to my room and talked to me. They apologized for treating me like the little kid, they liked to respect my decision and wanted to make friends with me. I was so happy, my parents indeed followed their words. I opened my heart and talked with them all the things. Talking to the friends is much easier than talking to the parents. 自从我上初中，我就不喜欢和父母聊天，因为当我告诉他们我的想法，他们会给予否认，然后叫我按他们的话去做。
我不再是一个小孩子了，我有权利去做自己的决定。父母意识到了这点，有一天他们走到我的房间和我聊天。
他们为把我当做个小孩子道歉，他们会尊重我的决定，并且想要和我交朋友。我很开心，父母确实实行了他们的话。
我打开了心扉，和他们无所不聊。和朋友交流总是要比和父母交流轻松。
）表层次： first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides in addtion finally 2）表转折； by contrast although though yet at the same time but despitethe fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that noithstanding on the contarary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3）表因果； therfore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表让步： still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5）表递近： furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only。
but also。 too in addtion 6）表举例： for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7）表解释： as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8）表总结： in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms indeed in short in particular that is in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize。
原发布者：水瓶crystal5
英语中常用的连接词1.表示罗列增加：First,second,third,First,then/next,afterthat/next,finallyForohing…foranother…，On(the)onehand…ontheotherhand,Besides/what' *** ore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,Especially/Inparticular,2.表示时间顺序：now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themomentformnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,meanwhile,till,not…until,before,after,when,while,asduring,3.表示解释说明：now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreoverfurthermore,infact,actually4.表示转折关系：but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,5.表示并列关系：or,and,also,too,notonly…butalso,aswellas,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,for6.
一） 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
（三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实。
这个太多了 你在文库里搜搜“作文模板” 很多~一） 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。
（2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。
（4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。
（6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
（三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上。
（一）as a result He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.as a result of He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.because(of)We are delayed because of a traffic jam.due toHis success is due to his excellent work.now thatNow that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.so long as You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.so thatThe office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.thereforeThere is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.（二）as a matter of factI will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.in this caseIn this case, I will go there as soon as possible.（三）otherwiseYou must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.if soIf so, it will make a great difference.（四）in additionI need your help. In addition, I also need her support.besidesFirst, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.that is to sayThe stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.in other words换句话说I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.equally importantYou should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.what,s more更有胜者。
It is harmful to my health, and what,s more, it is no good to my work.last but not least最后但不e69da5e887aae799bee5baa631333332633539是最不重要的一点Last but bot least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.（五）equally同样的As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in the same way用相同的方法It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.insteadIf you don't go, I,ll go instead.on the contrary正相反You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrastIt is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it,s very cold at night.。
英语作文常用连接词如下：（1）表示承接的过渡词：also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more, again,on top of that,another,first,second,third等。
（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,gradually,suddenly,finally··等。（但是你可以感受到这些词是副词，所以原词条对于“连接词”即连词是错误的）（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near(to),far(from),in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。
（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way,just like,just as等。（5）表示转折的过渡词：but,still,yet,however,nevertheless,noheless,on the contrary,in spite of/ in spite of the fact that,even though,although,despite / despite the fact that等。
（6）一方面，另一方面：on the one hand,on the other hand,for one thing,for another等。（7）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,furthermore,otherwise等。
（as a result ,therefore, thus并不是连词而是副词，所以经常是放句首，用逗号与后面句子隔开）（8）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason,for this purpose,so that,in order to等。（9）表示强调的过渡词：in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt,truly,to repeat,above all,most important等。
（10）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example,in fact,in this case,for actually, for instance等。拓展资料：英语部分连接词例句：1.They'll be here soon.Meanwhile we'll have some coffee.他们即刻就到，我们现在先喝点咖啡。
2.In conclusion he wished us very success in our work.总之，他希望我们在工作中取得成功。3.The railroad connects o cities,namely,New York and Chicago.这铁路联接两个城市，即纽约和芝加哥。
4.I got the permission due to the new policy.因为新政策我得到了许可。