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gps毕业论文外文翻译

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gps毕业论文外文翻译

GPS technology in the application of modern measurement Source: China Geo-Network Authors: Gao Published: 2009.01.22 GPS performance, high precision, is by far the best navigation and positioning system. GPS measurement technology in measuring point no pass as required, to facilitate the choice of site can be a significant reduction in the construction of a high standard to save the cost of building standard, can be full-time observation, observation time is short, data-processing speed and high precision results, the full completed and development of surveying and mapping industry will lead to a profound technological revolution. GPS can be used to establish a high-precision geodetic control points and project control points. GPS using L-band, with the two carrier frequencies: L1 center frequency of 1 575.42 MHz, L2 of the center frequency of 1 227.6 MHz. There are many types of receivers, according to the required accuracy can be divided into single-frequency code rough precision dual-frequency code receiver and the receiver, the use of coarse code receiver in real-time positioning accuracy of about 25 m, precise real-time code receiver positioning accuracy better than 10 m, the use of phase receivers, data processing by the relative position (three-dimensional determination of the baseline) or parts per million accuracy, the baseline length of several kilometers from the 1 000 km, a typical baseline of 15 km of three coordinates with centimeter-level difference, the measurement time by up to several hours. 1 in urban Measurement With the acceleration of urbanization process, urban development has been greatly measurement, measurement of the outcome of the city, into a map is urban planning, construction and management of an important foundation for the necessary information, and other geodetic survey and mapping work is the basis for geodetic measurement system for a variety of topographic maps and to provide high-grade construction control points, but also for the geophysical basis to provide accurate information. Control of the city combined with measurements (or geodetic) the actual use of GPS control network technology for the establishment of cities, the expansion of great significance. At present, many cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai and other places to explore in this area, better results are achieved. 2005, 4 to 8 months, I led in Jiangmen City, Jiangmen area control network GPS-C / D-class networks work. (1) Instrument and Equipment Company 5700 United States Trimble dual-frequency receivers 4 with a small disc antenna, equipment for a nominal accuracy of slant range (10 +2 × 10-6 mm) D, as long on the receiver, short baseline test, and compared with the standard baseline testing and other items to be seized, are up to a nominal accuracy indicator. (2) application of the operation from the beginning of April, in Jiangmen City, Xinhui, Heshan, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping six county-level cities, such as to carry out GPS measurements CITYNET more than a total of 280 points. Urban fabric of the network principle is based on the old network to expand coverage and improve the accuracy of control. Field measurement programs and data processing, according to the specific circumstances and requirements of the city by making arrangements for GPS operation group. Station, such as the number of connections to expand and, if necessary, the choice of coincidence points. Technical basis for operations, "Global Positioning System measurements norms" (GB/T18314-2001) and technical design document. Through the region based on satellite time, the development of operational plans, choose the best satellite group, in order to secure work as far as possible during the day, two hours a day observation, observation of at least six satellites can be tracked, PDOP ≤ 6 (Position Dilution of Precision Position Accuracy strong and weak degrees), each station at least two points, when the long-control in 30 to 60 minutes, while even-type expansion of the use of redundant measurements increase. (3) outside the industry and the results of the baseline pre-treatment field to choose to carry a portable computer 1, data on daily pre-treatment baseline in time, where the baseline test-retest, closed-loop overrun or ambiguity is no solution of the re - measured. The reasons are the following aspects: 1) Instrument instability, may be related to weather conditions, and have a receiver has been repaired after the 1st day where the use of the equipment can not be used on the baseline all-round and continue to improve operations; 2) the temperature is too high affect the accuracy of the results, such as a place up to a temperature of 36 ~ 38 ℃ when the outcome could not be accessed, adjusted after the observation time to resolve; 3) Lightning storm over, the phenomenon occurred many times down; 4) inaccurate measurement of antenna impact of high baseline length. Several cities through the application of results and comparison with the old coordinates, GPS positioning technology for urban control network and engineering network, with a precision, high speed, high efficiency, low cost, the results of the accuracy of the advantages of uniform and reliable. 2 in the topography, cadastral and real estate Measurement The photo shows the city terrain measurement, the mining area, as well as a variety of projects on different scales of topographic maps in order to meet a variety of urban planning and economic development needs. Cadastral surveying and real estate ownership of land is the precise determination of the location of boundary points, while surveying and mapping for land and property management departments of large-scale cadastral plan and property map, and count the amount of land and housing area. GPS there can be high-precision and rapid determination of the coordinates of control points at all levels. In particular the application of RTK (Real Time Kinematic real-time dynamic measurement) of new technologies, or even not at all control points laid only a certain number of benchmarks based on control points, will be able to measure high-precision and fast boundary points, topographic point, feature the coordinates of points, the use of mapping software can be a mapping in the field into an electronic map, and then through the computer and plotter, printer output maps of various scales. Application of RTK positioning technology for base station receiver when the request to real-time observation data (such as the pseudo-range or phase observations) and the known data (such as coordinates of the base site) real-time transmission to the mobile GPS receivers, mobile rapid solution of the whole week ambiguity in the observation that the six satellites (at least 4) after solving a real-time centimeter-level position of the mobile dynamic. This GPS static, rapid static positioning need to be processed later, the efficiency would be greatly enhanced positioning. It is a RTK emerging technology, and its application in the measurement of immediate attention. (1) RTK technology for measuring a variety of control Measurement of conventional control, such as triangulation, traversing, to claim, as the inter-pass, time-consuming and labor, and the accuracy of non-uniform, outside the industry do not know the accuracy of measurement results. GPS static, rapid static measurements do not point relative positioning between the pass, as can a variety of high-precision control and measurement, data processing and time-consuming but not real-time positioning accuracy of positioning and that they know, and found within the industry to deal with non-precision measurements require rework. Using RTK technology for control of measurement results of both real-time position to know as well as real-time positioning accuracy to know, so that operational efficiency can be greatly enhanced. RTK technology for real-time applications can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, therefore, in addition to the control of high-precision measurement is static relative positioning using GPS technology, mapping the terrain of the control survey, cadastral and real estate measurement measurement and boundary control little bit of measurement can be used RTK technology. Mapping using RTK technology, only one person carrying instruments to measure in the Department of the broken point of observation on the importation of 1,2 seconds and at the same time the characteristics of coding, electronic hand-book or a portable computer records, in points in line with the requirements of accuracy Under a regional point of the terrain and surface features measured returned indoors or in the wild, by a professional surveying and mapping software can be requested by the output of the topographic map. RTK technology used does not require the determination of points between points Visibility, only one person operation, can be completed mapping work has greatly enhanced the efficiency of mapping. (2) RTK technology in the real estate cadastre and Measurement Cadastral surveying and real estate measured in RTK applications each boundary point of land ownership and cadastral mapping and real estate maps, topographic maps with the above mapping, as in real-time determination of the boundary points and a number of feature points and required to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. GPS data will be treated to obtain direct entry GPS, can be accurate and timely access to land and real estate plans. However, the impact of GPS satellite signal reception area of the shelter, you should use Total Station, range finder, theodolite and other surveying tools, the use of analytical method or graphical method for measurement details. Determined by the geological survey in the construction industry measurement, RTK technology in real-time determination of the location of boundary markers to determine the scope of land-use boundaries, the calculation area. RTK surveying the use of technology is bound coordinates directly lofting lofting and building a community determined by the geological survey in the area of measuring and calculation, in fact, by the GPS software features direct calculation of area and check. To avoid the conventional analytical method of the complexity of setting out to simplify the determination of the construction sector with the geological survey work procedures. 3 in engineering applications in deformation monitoring GPS since the mid-20th century into the 80's post-Civil, has been widely available in navigation, positioning and other applications in various fields, particularly in the measurement control surveying profession played a landmark role. It is precisely because of its relative positioning in a static high precision and high efficiency, all-weather, do not pass, as people generally used to gradually replace the conventional triangle, triangular, corner and so on, and in theory, the practice has been gratifying results. However, in precision engineering deformation monitoring applications are also rare, is still in the theoretical study and practice are explored. I will be following in GPS (works) of the base deformation monitoring design, graphic design of structural strength, the design of observing time, monitoring of the design cycle for an analysis to explore the use of GPS technology to carry out the works of new ideas for observing the deformation. 3.1 reference design Deformation monitoring in the project, the reference design (including location-scale internal and external benchmarks and reference design) is a related to monitoring the reliability of the results accurately reflect the deformation of the deformation of body work, with conventional means, of a building ( conformation) for deformation monitoring Buildings, as the apparatus and many other factors, makes the reference point network can not leave too much monitoring of regional deformation, but also by their proximity to the effects of deformation, deformation can not accurately reflect the value, Therefore, the more difficult. GPS technology as a result of the continuous improvement of the available high-precision instruments (1 +0.5 × 10-6 mm), to solve this problem easier, the benchmark can click in the deformation zone, in order to ensure the data can be reliability. 3.2 Graphic design of structural strength Graphic design refers to the strength between the deformation and deformation between the reference point with the geometry configuration, the baseline number of independent network connections and design. First of all, the selection process in the graphics, it is essential to take into account the reference point for the effective control of the deformation point, at the same time between the baseline calibration but also to each other. Secondly, in the model identification and parameter identification of the design will be able to guarantee the deformation model of the real and the real factors that caused the deformation in order to analyze the deformation caused by real factors and take appropriate countermeasures. (1) model to identify the design of model reference network in the design, it should be able to effectively network to detect any instability point; in the design of the relative network should be able to correct the deformation from several possible models of detection and separation deformation model of the real. Deformation in order to ensure the results of the analysis is correct, GPS monitoring network also need to have good gross error detection and positioning capabilities. Studies have shown that when the GPS baseline vector of each point in the network issued a number of baseline for at least three, the network has good reliability. (2) the design of model parameter identification, we can see from the above, as long as the index can be divided to meet the requirements, must meet the requirements of sensitivity, but the best deformation model parameters are often also need more precise estimate. 3.3 Observation of the design cycle time and For the observation period and the cycle can be engineering and project the nature of deformation (such as dramatic changes, for rapid changes in the slow long-term changes, etc.) combined with analysis, to make a favorable outcome for the analysis and monitoring to achieve the intention of the best observation cycle, and can be combined with the current distribution of the sky satellite, satellite state of health, for the length of time during the day, night, weather and external factors such as the various analysis, the observation period to draw the best. 3.4 for a long time observation, data processing sub-epoch - to describe the deformation displacement (horizontal) A new method of data processing Usually carried out by the relative static positioning method is the use of observation in a particular period of time (synchronous) data, such as the use of differential means, obtained with the vector between the coordinates; and for even

M我吧~~Q522296338

要3000字长的文章,这里哪放得下呀?我提供的有3100字左右,下面的只是开头的部分,如果感觉合适,请提供邮箱地址。GPS global satellite positioning system and its application in the modern transportations全球卫星定位系统GPS及其在现代交通运输中的应用[Abstract: This paper describes the GPS system principles and its three sub-systems, highlighting the GPS system in the transport network applications, including road works, car navigation and traffic management and other applications] [摘要:本文系统介绍了GPS的原理和其三大子系统,着重介绍了GPS系统在交通运输中的应用,包括在道路工程、汽车导航和交通管理中的应用以及其他应用] 1, Global Positioning System GPS Overview Global Positioning System GPS is the U.S. military early 70s, "TRANSIT satellite navigation and positioning" technically replaced with the Development of global, all-round nature (land, marine, aviation and aerospace), all-weather advantage of the navigation and positioning, timing, velocimetry. GPS constituted by three major sub-systems: space satellite systems, ground control system, the user receiving system. Space Satellite System Space satellite system is composed of uniformly distributed in six orbital planes of 24 high-orbit satellites work, the orbital plane relative to the equatorial plane with an inclination of 55Ο, orbital plane spacing 60Ο. In each orbital plane, the inclination of satellite l length difference 90Ο, any track on the west side of the adjacent satellites in orbit than the corresponding satellite ahead 30Ο. In fact, the number of satellites in space satellite systems to more than 24, so that timely replacement of aging or damaged satellites, security systems work properly. The satellite system can guarantee that any one place on Earth available to users in more than four visible satellites. Space systems, each satellite at 12 hours (sidereal time) along nearly circular orbits around the globe, from space-borne high-precision atomic clocks (the base frequency F = 10.23MHZ) control the radio transmitter in the "low-noise window" (Radio window , the frequency range of 2 to 8 the minimum noise section of the antenna area of space remote sensing and radio interferometry preferred band) near the launch of L1, L2 two kinds of carrier receiving system to global users of GPS navigation signals continuously broadcast. The working Group on GPS satellite network to protect the world at any one time, any place can be of four or more satellites for observation (up to 11), to achieve continuous, real-time navigation and positioning. 一、全球定位系统GPS简介 全球卫星定位系统GPS是美军70年代初在“子午仪卫星导航定位”技术上发展而起的具有全球性、全能性(陆地、海洋、航空与航天)、全天候性优势的导航定位、定时、测速系统。GPS由三大子系统构成:空间卫星系统、地面监控系统、用户接收系统。空间卫星系统 空间卫星系统由均匀分布在6个轨道平面上的24颗高轨道工作卫星构成,各轨道平面相对于赤道平面的倾角为55Ο,轨道平面间距60Ο。在每一轨道平面内,各卫星升交角距差90Ο,任一轨道上的卫星比西边相邻轨道上的相应卫星超前30Ο。事实上,空间卫星系统的卫星数量要超过24颗,以便及时更换老化或损坏的卫星,保障系统正常工作。该卫星系统能够保证在地球的任一地点向使用者提供4颗以上可视卫星。空间系统的每颗卫星每12小时(恒星时)沿近圆形轨道绕地球一周,由星载高精度原子钟(基频F=10.23MHZ)控制无线电发射机在“低噪音窗口”(无线电窗口中,2至8区间的频区天线噪声最低的一段是空间遥测及射电干涉测量优先选用频段)附近发射L1、L2两种载波,向全球的用户接收系统连续地播发GPS导航信号。GPS工作卫星组网保障全球任一时刻、任一地点都可对4颗以上的卫星进行观测(最多可达11颗),实现连续、实时地导航和定位。问题补充:已发到您的QQ信箱,请查收。【英语牛人团】

GPS接收机是位于地球上的用户测定所在位置经度、纬度和高程的设备,一台接收机是通过测量四颗或四颗以上卫星的无线电信号传输到用户位置所用时间来计算每个卫星到用户所在位置的距离,从从而进一步确定经度、纬度和高程的。美国国防部最初是出于军事目的开始对导航星系统的研发,但是全球的普通用户已经可以免费使用较低精度的接收设备了。一般用户设备的定位精度可以达到10米(33英尺),通过不财的技术手段可以将定位精度提高到1厘米(0.4英寸)以内。由于这种设备的精度和全天候特性,GPS的应用已经远远超出军事用途,在个人与商务导航领域引发了一场新的革命。战术导弹和巡航炮使用GPS信号测量它们的位置和速度,在美国的航天飞机、太空站也和商用喷气机、私人飞机一样使用该系统测量位置和速度。救援船、私家车、铁路运输等也象农场的拖拉机、跨越大洋的航班、徒步旅行都甚至是打高尔夫球的人也都受益于GPS定位。GPS的主机芯片只有婴儿的指甲那样的大小,所以可以装在手表、移动电话和个人数码助理里,所以许多GPS接收机比袖珍计算器还小,并且可以由一次性电池提供能量。

毕业论文外文翻译翻译书

这个是可以的,百度文库有现成的,这个也是允许的这只是学习的材料。先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英 文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文 献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。 第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。一,选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二,大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三,一气呵成做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。四,尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五,用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。七,成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八,听取导师意见,仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。

外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章,和你的设计题目相似的英文文章,然后自己翻译过来,这就是外文翻译,篇幅必须长一点,因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。 文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下,不要很具体,因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍,文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。

自然和科学两个免费的文学呢! !您的图书馆也可能是多啊,还有,你应该有一个专业的外国文学! ! 一些外文网站,但我一直没能降低我的老师说要免费的! ! MPMI,植物病理学,植物病害,PNAS,科学1,细胞的公共图书馆,

去中国知网看看

财系统的设计与实现的外文翻译和文献综 肯定知道

翻译 :老师出的? 很难的。要知道要写翻译程式,必须写一下几个子程式: 词法分析->语法分析->语言优化. 你必须深入理解 汉语和 英语的语法. 根本不用去做,应为这是专业人员写的

文献综述就是用资料,只不多有一个比较固定的格式。 主要是,关于你的论文主题,国内外学者提出多点看法和主张。某某学者在某某文章中,就你的论文主题,提出看法认为如何如何 都是这样的语句,写出来就ok了。需要大概七八篇文章的论述,最好是高阶的人物写的文章,发表在高阶期刊上的。 知网搜寻文章,搜出来的文章,看看摘要就能写进综述里了,不用下载,中国知网,自己搜寻 合适采纳啊 外文翻译,如果学校图书馆上网有购买国外资料库,例如springerlink或者sci的,可以资料库找 如果没在学校可以谷歌学术搜寻相关英文关键词

涉及论文上的翻译可以在相应的翻译机构中完成即可。例如翻译达人,也是不错的选择,涉及的业务广而语种多,适合每种需求的客户

既然叫做外文文献综述,那就是根据相关课题的研究进展的相关文献(包括中文,英文)进行英文书写综述,若果只是要求中文文献综述,那也可以找一篇相关外文综述进行翻译。 望采纳,谢谢楼主

推荐你到 三七毕业设计网看看 真的不错~他们那里有专门的文献综述专区,参考一下肯定能搞定

不管是什么论文,只要是引用了某些书籍刊物的文字图片等内容,都要注明出处。所以,不但要有书名,同时也要注明章节。

毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,尤其是研究生同学,一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献,这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。

如何写开题报告,如何写文献综述,如何阅读外文文献,可以说,阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。

要求如下:

1、前言

简要说明写作的目的,有关的概念以及综述范围,说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,所要解决的问题等。一般以 100~200 字为宜,使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。

2、主体

主体部分是全文的主要部分,具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少,将主体部分分为几段,每段有小标题。

可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述。

主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点,即论点;接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实,即论据,可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。

总之,综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路,继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以,综述也是一种论证文章的体裁,只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。

如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确,则需作者整理概括,成为开头。在论述某些观点时,作者可有倾向性,但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。

3、总结

常见的方式有:

①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容;

②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望;

③某些篇幅较小的综述,也可以省略结束语。

4、参考文献

通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处,以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主;另外,未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。

在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献,一般限为 20~30 条为宜;但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章,其参考文献甚多,全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一,应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。

扩展资料:

1、如何查询国内专利文献

可通过中国国家知识产权局()和中国专利信息中心()网站上的「专利检索」。

可以免费检索全部中国专利信息(有文摘)。如需获取专利全文,则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅,也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。

2、如何查询国外专利文献

科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引),它是检索专利的权威数据库,收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利,1800 万项专利,该库大部分有文摘,小部分有全文。

3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库

欧洲专利局专利数据库:

http://ep.espacenet.com/ (免费 文摘)

美国专利商标局专利数据库:

(免费 文摘、全文)

WTO知识产权组织:

(免费 文摘)

IBM专利数据库资源:

(免费 文摘、部分全文)

更多请参见中国专利信息网上的(国外)专利网站:

毕业论文外文翻译图片翻译

毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求:

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文 。

扩展资料:

外文翻译需要注意的问题

1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。

2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。

3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。

4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。

5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。

6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。

7、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。

8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。

9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。

需要。

论文题目由教师或学生指定,并由教师同意决定。两者都应该是该学科的发展或实践中提出的理论和实践问题。

学生应该被选中进行科学研究课题,审查,复习文献,制定研究计划,设计科学实验或社会调查,处理数据或整理调查结果,分析,证明和得出结论。撰写论文和其他项目的初步培训。

撰写毕业论文是检验学生在校学习成果的重要措施,也是提高教学质量的重要环节。大学生在毕业前都必须完成毕业论文的撰写任务。申请学位必须提交相应的学位论文,经答辩通过后,方可取得学位。

毕业论文是结束大学学习生活走向社会的一个中介和桥梁。毕业论文是大学生才华的第一次显露,是向祖国和人民所交的一份有分量的答卷,是投身社会主义现代化建设事业的报到书。

一篇毕业论文虽然不能全面地反映出一个人的才华,也不一定能对社会直接带来巨大的效益,对专业产生开拓性的影响。但是,实践证明,撰写毕业论文是提高教学质量的重要环节,是保证出好人才的重要措施。

参考资料来源:百度百科-毕业论文

在毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,尤其是研究生同学,一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献,这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。

如何写开题报告,如何写文献综述,如何阅读外文文献,可以说,阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。

要求如下:

1、前言

简要说明写作的目的,有关的概念以及综述范围,说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,所要解决的问题等。一般以 100~200 字为宜,使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。

2、主体

主体部分是全文的主要部分,具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少,将主体部分分为几段,每段有小标题。

可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述。

主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点,即论点;接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实,即论据,可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。

总之,综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路,继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以,综述也是一种论证文章的体裁,只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。

如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确,则需作者整理概括,成为开头。在论述某些观点时,作者可有倾向性,但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。

3、总结

常见的方式有:

①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容;

②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望;

③某些篇幅较小的综述,也可以省略结束语。

4、参考文献

通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处,以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主;另外,未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。

在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献,一般限为 20~30 条为宜;但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章,其参考文献甚多,全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一,应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。

扩展资料:

1、如何查询国内专利文献

可通过中国国家知识产权局()和中国专利信息中心()网站上的「专利检索」。

可以免费检索全部中国专利信息(有文摘)。如需获取专利全文,则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅,也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。

2、如何查询国外专利文献

科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引),它是检索专利的权威数据库,收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利,1800 万项专利,该库大部分有文摘,小部分有全文。

3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库

欧洲专利局专利数据库:

http://ep.espacenet.com/ (免费 文摘)

美国专利商标局专利数据库:

(免费 文摘、全文)

WTO知识产权组织:

(免费 文摘)

IBM专利数据库资源:

(免费 文摘、部分全文)

更多请参见中国专利信息网上的(国外)专利网站:

毕业论文的外文翻译怎么翻译

外文翻译在经过学术翻译后,会再进一步进行英文润色,使您的稿件达到国际发表标准,清北医学翻译很擅长这方面。

毕业论文用英语的翻译:毕业 论文 迅捷在线翻译:Graduation (毕业) thesis(论文)参考一下

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis,音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs]   美 [ˈθisɪs]  。

n.论文,毕业论文;论点,论题;命题

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗?

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明,但缺乏论证。

CS方向sci三区的一个小刊,之前也是major revision,大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC,虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错,可以联系他们一下 统一查下。

翻译专业毕业论文外文翻译查重

把中文论文翻译成英文会被查重的。

现在知网已经重新更新升级了,类似图片、翻译等都能被被查重,以前的大学生因为在写作能力欠缺,就会从知网上下载一些中文文章,然后用百度翻译或者有道翻译把文章从中文改成中文,或者找英语外国语专业的学生代为翻译,也可以请代写或者在淘宝上去买文章,避免查重。

以前确实查不出来,时代在进步,工具也在更新,所以不是原创的文章都有可能被查重。

文科类文章,可以用相近、类似的词语代替原有的意思,同时也可以将自己的观点,思想上完善、修改,但是整体的结构、脉络上还是有所相似,被查重的几率还是存在。

理科类的文章就比较困难,因为理工科的数据是通过实验分析、定量检测、模具分析等实验的结果来进行填补的,数据是不会人的,所以数值是不变的,翻译成英文,主心词汇还是那些,不过就是换了英文罢了,依旧会有被查重的可能。

论文的格式:

题目:应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字。

摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字。

关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。

目录:写出目录,标明页码。

正文:论文正文字数一般应在1000字以上。主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。

以上内容参考:AEIC-论文的格式

不查重,毕业除了论文,其他都不查。

不可以。毕业设计翻译的外文文献也是会进行查重的,如果重复率过高,也是会不通过的。毕业设计(graduation project)是指工、农、林科高等学校和中等专业学校学生毕业前夕总结性的独立作业。是实践性教学最后一个环节。旨在培养学生综合运用所学理论、知识和技能解决实际问题的能力。在教师指导下,学生就选定的课题进行工程设计和研究,包括设计、计算、绘图、工艺技术、经济论证以及合理化建议等,最后提交一份报告。应尽量选与生产、科学研究任务结合的现实题目,亦可做假拟的题目。学生只有在完成教学计划所规定的理论课程、课程设计与实习,经考试、考查及格后始可进行。是评定毕业成绩的重要依据,学生通过毕业设计答辩,成绩评定及格才能毕业。

不一定,如今大家最常用的是知网,大学本科论文研究生论文和期刊论文均有相应的论文检测系统,知网收录的数据库十分庞大,已支持主流中英文及小语种的检测,突破了语言障碍。如果在正文中翻译或引用了外国文献,知网是会对其进行检测的。

知网检测报告中有一个“跨语言检测”,如果你把一篇外文文献完全翻译过来放进自己的论文里,知网也能检测到,所以可以借鉴但不要直接抄袭

如今大家最常用的是知网。大学本科论文、研究生论文和期刊论文均有相应的论文检测系统,知网收录的数据库十分庞大,已支持主流中英文及小语种的检测,突破了语言障碍。如果在正文中翻译或引用了外国文献,知网是会对其进行检测的。

哪怕找中文论文,也不要随便看个合适的文章就写,国内学术体系的风格是天下文章一大抄,不太在乎出处和查重,但是海外的学术体系可不惯你这毛病。

论文讲究原创性,不建议直接翻译他人成果的行为,英文论文固然难写,自己写成中文,翻译自己的文章,比翻译他人的成果要安全太多。

英文论文的重复类型

英文论文重复按照重复级别高低排序,主要包括想法重复、翻译式重复、改写式重复、伪装式重复和复制粘贴重复几种:

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