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论文提纲：论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备
我是给同学改过很多，80重复率改到20多
已经改好了，请查收 很不错哦，你可以试下aмクaмクiく璃┰uΖdbㄊchx〓v31508435502011-9-13 1:54:07
首先需要广泛的搜集资料 ，上网查或者去图书馆查阅， 其次核实整理资料，找出对你真正有用的那部分资料，并且加以利用，再者就是拟定职称论文提纲，在写之前，做到心中有数。(一)搜集资料 进行调查研究,获取最新实用资料。大量富有价值的材料需要人们通过社会实践去获得。如各业务部门和企业的规章制度、各部门的经验总结或者报告等都需要社会实践调查获得。 利用一些大众渠道,查找文献资料。通常这些渠道有图书馆、资料室及电子网络。同时,通过互联网寻找所需资料并下载,这样能更有效地节省时间和经济成本。 (二)核实整理资料 对搜集到的材料首先要认真加以鉴别,保证资料的准确、及时、完整。然后对资料进行筛选,以便有重点地加以利用。 数据处理。对数据进行必要的分析,得出正确的结论。 (三)拟定职称论文提纲。 草拟论文提纲的过程,是整理思想、进行构思的过程。通过草拟提纲,可以规划基本内容,搭好基本框架,使自己的思路条理清晰。论文提纲一般应包括文章的基本论点和主要论据,反映文章的结构体系。论文的提纲拟订以后,为将要写成的论文描绘了一个轮廓，这样能达到事半功倍的效果。
首先你可以给导师送个小礼物，或者是请他吃顿饭，在他高兴的时候顺便提一下你的论文的情况，让他在自己有时间的时候帮忙改一下，其实导师帮忙改论文是一个理所应当的事情，但是咱们先礼后兵会显得更好一些
用恭敬的语气说就行了，在说之前一定要检查一下，别有格式的小失误，这种东西老师看着相当恼火的。说清楚你需要改的时候，让老师给点意见，自己去做，再寻求老师的意见，加加减减就差不多。
只能看自己怎么去对待了，如果是别的同学论文过得早而你没有过，也许你也会寻求某种帮助的，但是如果严重影响到你了，那么也可以选择拒绝。
这个如果你觉得没有越过你的底线的话可以帮的，但不需要无偿帮忙，只需开玩笑的口吻让她们请你吃饭，请你啥的就行，不要直接说钱，你帮助他们，他们就会欠你人情，只要帮得多，日后好出路，你需要什么他们都会尽力帮你的。
（1）联系工作实际选题要结合我国行政管理实践（特别是自身工作实际），提倡选择应用性较强的课题，特别鼓励结合当前社会实践亟待解决的实际问题进行研究。建议立足于本地甚至是本单位的工作进行选题。选题时可以考虑选些与自己工作有关的论题，将理论与实践紧密结合起来，使自己的实践工作经验上升为理论，或者以自己通过大学学习所掌握到的理论去分析和解决一些引起实际工作问题。（2）选题适当所谓选题要适当，就是指如何掌握好论题的广度与深度。选题要适当包括有两层意思：一是题目的大小要适当。题目的大小，也就是论题涉及内容的广度。确定题目的大小，要根据自己的写作能力而定。如果题目过大，为了论证好选题，需要组织的内容多，重点不易把握，论述难以深入，加上写作时间有限，最后会因力不胜任，难以完成，导致中途流产或者失败。相反，题目太小了，轻而易举，不费功夫，这样又往往反映不出学员通过几年大学阶段学习所掌握的知识水平，也失去从中锻炼和提高写作能力的机会，同时由于题目较小，难以展开论述，在字数上很难达到规定字数要求。此外，论文题目过小也不利于论文写作，结果为了凑字数，结尾部分东拼西凑，结构十分混乱。二题目的难易程度要适当。题目的难易程度，也就是论题涉及的深度。确定题目的难易，也要根据自己的写作能力而定，量力而为。题目难度过大，学员除了知识结构、时间和精力的限制外，资料搜集方面也有局限。这样，就会带来一些意想不到的困难，致使论文写了一半就写不下去了，中途要求另选题目。所以，在这个问题上的正确态度应该是：既不要脱离实际，好高骛远，去选一些自己不可能写好的论题；又不能贪图轻便，降低要求，去写一些随手可得的论题。（3）选题要新意所谓要有新意，就是要从自己已经掌握的理论知识出发，在研究前人研究成果的基础上，善于发现新问题，敢于提出前人没有提出过的，或者虽已提出来，但尚未得到定论或者未完全解决的问题。只要自己的论文观点正确鲜明，材料真实充分，论证深刻有力，也可能填补我国理论界对某些方面研究的空白，或者对以前有关学说的不足进行补充、深化和修正。这样，也就使论文具有新意，具有独创性。
不算，那些搞数学建模的都会找导师修改。。。
不可以。论文不是写出来的，而是反复修改、反复推敲磨合，一次次优化出来的，还是自己改吧。修改论文不能按照自己的理解去埋头苦改，应该充分理解老师提出的修改要求，导师说有问题咱就改，导师说没问题咱就不要动，一切以导师的要求和意见为准。
我觉得论文最好是要自己修改，可以找别人提提意见
如何防止别人修改文档内容
当然可以的，可以找关系好的同学或者是导师
没有什么后果，只要你瞒着点儿就行了，非得到外面去说你给别人写论文了。而且比较正规的话，其实你给别人写论文，手上别人的名字赚点儿钱也无可厚非。首先你得保证这个论文能够用所谓的金钱去改变原创作者。不能把一篇论文给别人写的，然后又给了另外一个人。
犯罪现场重建理论最早产生于美国，自20世纪80年代该理论被引入我国，并开始应用于侦查实践。尽管该理论对我国侦查实践产生重要影响，在打击日益严重的刑事犯罪方面发挥积极作用，但由于对犯罪现场重建方法缺乏系统、深入的研究，在一定程度上阻碍其打击犯罪的积极作用。基于此，笔者通过从对比中外学者对犯罪现场重建概念的认知出发，初步探讨了犯罪现场重建的理论基础、物质基础和价值分析，总结了犯罪现场重建的一般步骤和具体方法以及它在我国所面临的问题和对他的局限性的克服完善方法。其中，对犯罪现场重建的具体方法作了比较深入的研究，并在犯罪现场重建一般方法的基础上，结合犯罪主体活动的实际特点，依次对犯罪主体的预备行为、犯罪现场主体行为的中心现场、犯罪后逃避打击行为的重建等方面专门针对犯罪主体的行为特点对犯罪现场重建的方法进行重点、深入的研究。翻译：The earliest theory of the crime scene reconstruction in the United States have, since the 20th century, the theory of the 80's were introduced in our country, and began practice in the Although the theory of our practice have an important impact on the investigation, in the fight against the increasingly serious criminal offense to play an active role, but because of the lack of crime scene reconstruction system, in-depth research, to a certain extent hindered its positive role in the fight against Based on this, the author compared Chinese and foreign scholars from the crime scene on the concept of cognitive reconstruction, the initial crime scene reconstruction of the theoretical basis and the value of the material basis for analysis, the reconstruction of the crime scene summed up the general and specific methods and steps it is the problems faced by our country and to overcome the limitations of his methods to Of these, the reconstruction of the crime scene on the specific methods of more in-depth study and at the crime scene reconstruction based on the general approach, combined with the main criminal activities of the actual characteristics of the main order of preparation of acts of crime, the main act of the crime scene Center at the scene after the crime to avoid the fight against acts of reconstruction of specific criminal acts of the main characteristics of the crime scene the focus of reconstruction methods, in-depth
Along with the information technology development by leaps and bounds, especially computer technology and network technology, human society has the unprecedented However, science and technology is a double-edged Colorful world, like "network pandoras box" to bring hope in human society, and also release the clouds float ", "-- the computer crime 1 foreign a crime experts point out: compared to the real world, people seem more inclined to on the network crime 1 information-based society with improvement of serious crime, the computer to penetrate into all aspects of social life, from the fields of computer crime violations more and more widely, more and more is also high degree of This gave our criminal law has caused many to solve urgently, Computer crime legislation related to the impact on charges of criminal law in our country the first criminal legislation (1979), because of the computer development level is not high, the application of computer in our country, the criminal law is not limited to any computer With the development of computer technology and application scope expands unceasingly, 1986 in shenzhen in China's first happened for the crime of computer in financial fraud case tools, 2 cases of similar increases For such computer as the tool, the criminal law case in 1979, still can barely according to its objective behavior can offend charges such as fraud, theft, embezzlement, However, for then happen pure computer crime, namely to computer information system for violations of the object and vandalism trespassed in 1979, the criminal law is Aiming at the impact, the revised law of criminal law (1997) has made certain response to the first, and the first 286 285 specially stipulated trespassed computer information system and computer information system sin two However, due to the computer crime is a kind of new forms of crime, coupled with the legislative experience and legislation, these two levels of legislation charges not perfect Does a response with the legislation of the development and application of computer, computer crime rate and the revised law of shock, makes a 1997 criminal law in front of the computer crime emerge in endlessly again appear relatively This lag issues in charges for:(a) for the legislative AlreadyFirst, the criminal law "regulation: 285 invaded in violation of state regulations, national affairs, national defense construction, advanced science and technology in the fields of computer information systems, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or criminal "Computer information system will intrude into the only state affairs, national defense construction and cutting-edge technology in the fields of computer information system, the scope of protection is too This regulation, obviously behind the development of The Times, with the development of computer technology is developing rapidly in China from all walks of life and wide application At present many units, especially finance, telecommunications, medical, transportation, college departments have established the computer information These information system in relation to social life, many systems and public interest, if our computer information system of the criminal law on the protection from the system, so these will not punish illegal invaded by sanctions, which tends to crime, protecting the state, society and individual's legitimate rights and Therefore, in the criminal law of the protection scope of the appropriate, appear very be Furthermore, according to the provisions of the criminal law, 286 "computer information system, in violation of state provisions refers to computer information system function, amend, add or delete, interference of computer information systems or storage, processing and transmission of the data and applications to delete, amend, add or deliberate production, the operation of computer virus spread, such destructive procedures, affect the normal operation of computer systems, cause serious Article aims to computer information system safety protection regulations ", but also showed some This will spread the computer virus behavior rules for real harm, namely need serious consequences to constitute a This A computer virus often have latent infection, makes the computer system is not immediately by Such as popular around the world, through the CIH virus, a longer incubation period If the clause stipulated in the standard to measure against made in preclinical will not see actually qualitative harm result, thus difficult to apply for the above But if the dangerous crimes, computer viruses may standard for information systems caused much damage, it can be measured through the estimation of the virus and the analysis results from the code in the estimation of the size of its may have to, as long as the damaging "computer information system safety threat to a certain extent can into Therefore, if this will spread the computer virus behavior made by real harm to risk making and separate into sin is more reasonable and (2), French does not bear chargesChina's present criminal law, the provisions on the computer crime legislation still many blank, resulting in French does not It mainly displays in: (1) no provisions in computer Stolen In the present criminal law in our country, using computer service behavior of theft is not due attention, this time with the requirements of the development of criminal law must be In modern society, by a computer system that provides information service is a kind of commodity, it is with information collection and processing, processing, inquires the related a Use computer information service needs to provide for a fee, therefore, I use the computer information system service of others, infringe upon the rights of all the people of the system, and for all profit and economic For this kind of behavior, should be hit a However, China's present criminal law is not stipulated in the computer services for crime theft, making it in some cases in practice cannot handle or (2) no provisions of computer software and data A computer system, and some internal data belongs to the intellectual property of software, some belongs to the commercial secrets of the material, while others are classified as state secrets, stealing the data or software behavior, although can apply to be punished accordingly charges, but in a computer system, a large number of data does not belong to the above content, but has extensive knowledge and important From the point of view of knowledge economy, stealing the data should be defined as criminal ACTS, otherwise it will cause the physical property theft tangible and intangible constitutes a crime theft of intellectual wealth does not constitute a crime (3) no provisions destroyed computer The computer equipment including computer hardware and software system entity or other ancillary Although computer equipment to destroy the behavior also can according to destroy state-private property crime denotes, but due to destroy the crime of public or private property, low crime crackdown obviously not Because the computer itself in modern social production and the life of the people is very important, so as to be of computer equipment, electric equipment traffic tools such as special Therefore, the separate regulations computer equipment sin is Three types of ownership, convicted) should be adjustedWith the improvement of information society, the computer system is also more and more high, the dependence of computer crimes harmful to the society is becoming more and more big, so also more and more has endanger public security The current criminal law will computer crime belong to disrupt social management in chapter 6 points of sin, the order of classification is not in Will the computer crime of impairing the part by sin to adjust social management order crime endangers public security chapter 2 sections of sin, along with the development of society is becoming more and more Computer crime subject to the impact of problemsThe computer crime subject of juvenile is a noticeable The school education all around the world will be as one of basic computer operation, the content to the technological process for society has enormous However, it also has a large number of computer technology in the minors, the use of computer technology and illegal crime in some countries has become a social China's education system is also emphasized the education, thus the main trend of juvenile may also occur in C At least minors to make the computer virus case has a 3) however, our country criminal law article 17:14 years of age of 16 and who commits a murderer, intentionally injuring serious injury or death, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, fire, explosion, the poison of sin, he shall bear criminal This means that, except for the provision of a crime, and the implementation of any harm the social behavior all Therefore, Chinese criminal law of intrude into computer information systems, computer information system of subject, including the age is not the But from the judicial practice, the young "hackers" is a kind of strength, should not be belittled damage to our country criminal law the provisions of criminal responsibility age on In order to deal with the impact, the author thinks that our country criminal law should have reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 people into the main scope of computer In addition, from the judicial practice, using computer network implementation unit of information in a computer, trespassed already not unusual behavior of For example, in 1997, Beijing new technology companies to prevent jiangmin piracy, in its product "KV3LL" add "logic anti-virus software, many computer lock" is not normal operation, and then some enterprise in order to destroy its rival commercial reputation into the purpose, others computer network, such However, according to our country criminal law article 30 and article 285, 286 regulation, the unit can be calculated into information system and computer information system Therefore, the unit of China's criminal law behavior and harm caused by the Therefore, it is necessary to be subject in computer crime units of The problem of computer crime punishmentAccording to our country criminal law the 285, 286 regulation, our country criminal law of computer crimes only provided free punishment prescribed punishment and property, and freedom, qualification of legal punishment low (the first 285 only three years or criminal detention and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of general situation of 286 only five years or criminal detention and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of serious consequences, also only 5 years imprisonment) This penalty system in front of a computer is increasingly rampant crime and punishment, thereby deterrent effect is at a discount greatly, realize the prevention and punishment of the special general purpose to The main computer crime is often the intelligent computer technology, the offender is usually in order to reap illegitimate interests or technical In order to effectively, and prevent this kind of crime deterrent penalties, with the current criminal law of adjusting wealth, add in following punishment and qualification penalty (1) Legislation may take times than fine system, the offender several times the illegal earnings, make it really fine punishment and prevention of the crime has double (2) to confiscation of Mainly applies to illegal for the purpose of making profits, if the circumstances are serious computer (3) deprived of the professional qualification Such as computer related industries and deprived of qualification, It mainly applies to the formation of computer addiction of so-called "net insect" The salient features of the computer crime is easy to succeed, profit, small risk to detect, conviction, and the consequences are serious According to the principle of suiting punishment to joash, not to prevent and combat looters, only to improve the legal punishment amplitude, can effectively prevent and respond the Taiwan's computer crime legislation that reflects the spirit, such as the "criminal law" regulation: "first 318 using computer or other related equipment to make the xvii-xviii 318, shall be increased by one-" Its 316-318 prescribed for computer crime, the leakage of information for the computer information qualities of the damage caused by traditional crime than for large, so the legislative defined, this kind of practice is aggravating punishment to curb computer crimes have better Therefore according to the principle of suiting punishment to computer crime, high standard, avoid the legal punishment prescribed imbalance, our country criminal law is in response to the impact of computer crime and shall make a 原文见: 5419970612 - 魔法师 四级
自然环境描写又称景物描写，是对人物活动的自然景物进行的描写。景物描写的作用主要有：(l)写景衬托人物心情；(2)写景点明时令、地点；(3)写景表现物关系；（4）写景表现人物性格。进行景物描写，应该注意以下几点：l、抓住景物特征描写。2、要选好写景的角度。