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gavin7991 - 举人 四级 说的很详细，但更加简洁明了的说法是：硕士论文用thesis， MA thesis (文学硕士论文），博士论文用dissertation, 学期论文或发表的文章可用paper，essay指篇幅较短小的文章，相当于作文类或散文类
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning In this paper, we focus on the need for This paper proceeds as The structure of the paper is as In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are Details on xx and xx are discussed in later In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are Review This review is followed by an A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section In the next section, a brief review of the is In the next section, a short review of is given with special regard to Section 2 reviews relevant research related to Section 1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility Body Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language Section 2 explains how flexibility which often can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the … and also discusses how to evaluate system Section 3 describes a new measure of Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance Section 4 gives a specific example of Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further Section 6 illustrates the model with an Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a scheme must In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference This Section In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent Next Section The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section Section 5 summarizes the results of this Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are Section 7 is the conclusion of the Chapter Abstract A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx This paper describes a system for the analysis of the The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx The usefulness of xx is also A brief methodology used in xx is The analysis is useful in xx and xx A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and The use of the method is discussed and an example is Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed This paper analyses problems in This paper outlines the functions carried out by This paper includes an illustration of the This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx Our proposed model is verified through experimental The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter Introduction Time Over the course of the past 30 years, has emerged form intuitive Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world The advent of systems for has had a significant impact on the The development of is explored During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions
二中间段落句 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___At the same time, they say____ ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……______is necessary and important to our country’s development and First，_，What’s more, __Most important of all,_ 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。There are several measures for us to First, we can______ 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______ For one thing，______For another, ______ 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。It is high time that something was done about For _____In _____Allthese measures will certainly______ 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______ 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more
其实如果你将短语优化放在语法优化里面也是可以的，但是将其特意拿出来说，作为一个单独的润色特点而言，也是可以的。在英文论文里面，增加必要性的幽默化的词语是非常重要的。
英文论文写作的过程,也是一个英文润色的过程,我们很难想象一篇英文学术论文是一气呵成、写作后没有改动的情况
格式、专业术语，把握好这两点就行了
怎样进行学术表达一种情况是:学术论文通过表达上的“陌生化”手段, 使文章语言晦涩难懂, 让人读起越艰难, 就认为学术水平越高。广西师范大学出版社的赵明节先生曾说过:“长期以来, 我有一个明显的感觉, 我们的学术著作大多面孔严肃乃至刻板, 语言瘦硬生涩。大概著作者本来也没怎么弄明白, 一味引用、推演, 越闹越糊涂。我就纳闷了, 这些著作者是不是诚心要让人望而却步、莫测高深?否则, 为什么要把自己精心研究的成果弄得那样云遮雾障甚至面目可憎呢?”毕竟写文章、著书立说不是让人看了头痛才算是高水平的。另一种情况是:学术论文的语言就需要严肃、科学、一板一眼, 不需要具有鲜活的生动性。学术论文讲究的是科学和准确, 一些学术问题的描述确实不需要一些如比喻、夸张等修辞手法, 但就学术问题表达上, 一板一眼、枯燥乏味与清晰流畅的表述还是有很大区别的。优秀的学术论文总是能将学术性和可读性融为一体, 任是再复杂、艰深的学术理论, 都能清楚明白地讲给你听, 表述出来不着痕迹, 读者接受起来也不费劲。如果能够达到这种状态, 就是好的学术语言表达方式了。
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在期刊上发表了论文Published a paper in the Journal—————————————————您好，用心、细心为您答疑解惑；如果本题还有什么不明白可以追问，如果满意请记得采纳；如果有其他问题请采纳本题后，请指向我的图像点击向我求助！答题不易，请谅解，谢谢。——————————————————————————————————祝您生活愉快！
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中文本文是在XX老师精心指导和大力支持下完成的。X老师以其严谨求实的治学态度、高度的敬业精神、兢兢业业、孜孜以求的工作作风和大胆创新的进取精神对我产生重要影响。她渊博的知识、开阔的视野和敏锐的思维给了我深深的启迪。同时，在此次毕业设计过程中我也学到了许多了关于微生物发酵方面的知识，实验技能有了很大的提高。 另外，我还要特别感谢师姐对我实验以及论文写作的指导，她为我完成这篇论文提供了巨大的帮助。还要感谢，XX和XX同学对我的无私帮助，使我得以顺利完成论文。同时实验室的XX老师也时常帮助我，在此我也衷心的感谢他。 最后，再次对关心、帮助我的老师和同学表示衷心地感谢英文This is in XX carefully guidance and strong support of the teachers X teachers with stringent realistic attitude in his scholarly work, a high degree of professionalism, dedication and assiduous work style and bold innovation and entrepreneurial spirit to me have an important Her vast knowledge, broaden their horizons and gave me quick thinking deep Meanwhile, in the process I also learned from the design of a number of microbial fermentation on the knowledge, skills have greatly increased In addition, I would like to offer special thanks to our masters thesis writing to me experiment and guidance she provided for me to complete this paper great Would also like to thank, XX and XX students selfless help to me, and I could successfully completed Meanwhile laboratory XX teachers also often helped me and I also sincerely thank Finally, again for caring for and helping my heartfelt appreciation to teachers and students
结论：concluding remarks （不唯一）致谢：acknowledgments参考文献：references
直接用THANKS就可以了
tks