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一篇电子商务英文文献(The development of e-commerce )-A perfect marketMay 13th 2004 From The Economist print editionE-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming The raw numbers tell only part of the According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 6% of total retail The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e- InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of and , alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide) They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in C Tip of the icebergAnd there is The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline That influence is becoming an integral part of e- To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that they want to Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1) Different countries have different In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable products, such as DVDs, and then graduate to more complex Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in APeople seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of people’s overall spending in the Why websites matterThis has enormous implications for A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, products and services—even if the firm does not sell A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching All this means that search is turning into the internet’s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and MThe other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other But to take part, a company’s products have to stand up to intense price People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in C For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on “I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor S They are unbundling product information from the transaction All about meIt is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be If they do not like a website, they swiftly move “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they ”Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to The first thing they want is to become better informed about products and “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health products, jewellery and gourmet Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most And so do the millions of people who use eBAnd yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next That would represent a massive shift in How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into There are already signs of change on the high The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy To some extent, the online and offline worlds may Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else? One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best This market has the potential to become as perfect as it [1]Singh M P， An Evolutionary Look at E-Commerce， IEEE Internet Computing，5，P77～78[2]Rabinovitch E, The state of E-commerce, IEEE Communications magazine,3,P12～12[3]Amit R, Zott C Value creation in e- Strategic Management Journal 2001;22:493–520
Government regulations In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e- The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-[1] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal [2] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC
有没有消费类电子产品
可以去参考（电子商务评论）这本刊物
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Managing Channels of Distribution Under the Environment of Electronic Commerce【英文篇名】 Managing Channels of Distribution Under the Environment of Electronic Commerce 【作者英文名】 ZHENG Bing~1 FENG Yixiong~2 College of Economics & Management; Dalian University; Dalian 116622; China State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027; China; 【文献出处】 武汉理工大学学报, Journal of WuhanUniversity of Technology, 编辑部邮箱 2006年 S2期 【英文关键词】 marketing channels; distribution strategy; customer demand; electronic commerce; Fair E-Payment Protocol Based on Simple Partially Blind Signature Scheme【英文篇名】 Fair E-Payment Protocol Based on Simple Partially Blind Signature Scheme 【作者英文名】 LIU Jingwei; SUN Rong; KOU Weidong State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks; Xidian University; Xi’an 710071; Shaanxi; China; 【文献出处】 Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 武汉大学自然科学学报(英文版), 编辑部邮箱 2007年 01期 【英文关键词】 electronic commerce; e-payment; Schnorr signature; partial blind signature; 【英文摘要】 This paper presents a simple partially blind signature scheme with low By converse using the partially blind signature scheme, we build a simple fair e-payment In the protocol, two participants achieve the goals of exchanging their digital signatures from each other in a simple An ad- vantage of this scheme is that this approach does not require the intervention of the third party in any The low-computation property makes our scheme very attractive for mobile client and
论点的基本要求是：作者的主张看法和观点；论据基本要求是：事实论据（名人事例）和道理论据（有权威性的名言，格言，诗句和俗句）；论证的基本要求是：对比说理、比喻说理和引证法。写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明它，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论；也可以先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式，是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问，然后一一作答，逐层深入，这是答难式的写法。还要以是作者有意把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论，这是对比式写法，通过对比更突显作者的观点。认真思考1．高瞻远瞩：站得高，看得远，不要就事论事。有时看上去好像没有什么，但认真分析一下还是能够发现问题。在看似没有问题的问题中发现了问题，这就是高瞻远瞩。2．见微知著：也就是说，要从报微小的事物中看到一种发展的趋势，看到一种大的事情。3．由表及里：要从表面深入到事物的本质进行分析。4．由此及彼：有时两个事物看上去没有什么联系，其实他们有一定的内在联系，你要能把他们挂起钩来。注意材料1．占有材料2．库存材料：当今社会是信息化社会，信息对做什么事情都很重要，也要以信息化来促进教学质量。信息是仓库，有的同学说来说去就那么几句话，就因为摄入的信息量少，所以要善于捕捉信息，占有库存材料。3．运用材料：在写作时，要对储存的材料库进行筛选，提取你所需要的材料。语言表达分析提炼出了观点，又筛选好了材料，接下来就是语言表达了。语言不在华丽，关键是准确、简洁，历来大作家们的作品看起来都不是很华丽，但却读起来琅琅上口，耐人咀嚼，而且能经得起时代的考验，就像如今我们读鲁迅的作品，一样能感到语言很优美。其实，大部分同学语言表达不成问题，主要的问题就是材料少，立意不高。
容易的，解决。
跨境电商是指处于不同关境的交易主体，通过电子商务达成交易，并通过跨境物流送达商品，完成交易的一种国际商业活动。做跨境电商主要是如何把店铺管理好这点你上爱铺购看下，店铺的多种经营方式
你需要论文名字 还是原始文献
1、数字化当商务以及与商务活动相关的各种信息都以数字形式被采集、存储、处理和传输的时候，商务模式就发生了质的变化，数字生活、数字商务、虚拟企业等数字化形式就应运而生了。数字化具有的易于存储、查询、处理、修改信息等优越性，这使人类将前进的方向与数字化牢牢的捆绑在了一起，正是由于电子商务的数字化特点，它使得商务活动中的商流、资金流和信息流都能够在计算机网络中迅速传输，形成“三流合e”的商务模式，这使得现代商务活动朝着“无纸”商务、信息商务、快速商务的方向发展。2、交互性各种信息交互协议决定了数字化信息在计算机网络中具有双向沟通的功能，而电子商务正是基于这种网络环境中的商务活动，因此，在电子商务过程中，可以轻松完成商务信息的双向沟通，实现商务交易主体之间的信息交互。这是电子商务与传统商务相区别的重要方面，它预示着电子商务可以采用网络重复营销、网络软营销、数据库营销、一对一营销等现代营销的方式和手段，从而提高营销的效率和效益。3、高效率电子商务的信息传递基于的是电磁波的传输原理，主要采用互联网的传输信道，能够以每秒30万公里的速度将信息向前传递着。在这种速度下，常规的时间和空间的规律已经被彻底打破，电子商务已经突破了传统物理世界的时间限制和空间限制，使商务交易的效率和商务服务的效率都得到了极大的提高。二、市场（商务环境）视角的电子商务特点网络不仅是商务活动的交易载体，而且形成了一个广大的虚拟空间――CyberSpace，这个虚拟世界中的虚拟市场具有很多与现实世界商品市场相同的共性，也具有一些自身独有的特性，主要有全球化、充分竞争和买方市场。1、全球化实体市场的低速度决定了商品交易的市场规模和范围的有限性，而在电子商务这种虚拟化的商品市场中，由于商务的数字化带来的虚拟特性使信息的传递以极高的速度快速流转，在这种环境下，商务主体之间的距离被无限的缩短了，商务交易的时间限制和空间限制被突破了，商务交易的范围也从有限的区域性小市场走向全球化的大市场了。因此，相对于传统商务而言，电子商务的市场被深深的打上了全球化的烙印。2、充分竞争如果电子商务的市场具有明显的全球化特征的话，那么，电子商务市场的另一个特征也是明显的，那就是充分竞争。经济全球化使企业的潜在客户扩大到了全球，同时，经济全球化也使企业的竞争对手扩大到全球范围，也就是说，同一领域中的企业将面临全球化大市场中的几乎所有强大的竞争者，这样，商品市场中的充分竞争将是必不可少的，当然，这也可能是消费者所希望看到的。
可以去参考（电子商务评论）这本刊物