Abstract: At present, real estate is one of the most indispensible Land Appreciation Tax, being as a taxation lever of state macro-control upon real estate industry, plays an import role in regulating the appreciation income of real estate enterprises and restraining investment Land Appreciation Tax is powerful in guaranteeing the equitable distribution of income and improving the sound development of real Tax authorities at any level are demanded to implement the State Council’s notice and essence, attach great importance to the collection and management of Land Appreciation Tax, reinforce the tax liquidation and enhance tax regulation, meanwhile, combining pre-requisition system and enterprise Key Words: Land Appreciation Tax, Land Appreciation Tax Liquidation, Land Appreciation Tax pre-
SUMMARY: Discourse Levels in A Rose for Emily,one of Faulkner's fictions is filled with contradictions and conflicts,which reflect the sprits'crisis of southern people and the contraventions in southern world,in the their traditional culture reformation Faulkner create a typical appearance of the paradoxical charactor that contains both beauty and In order to pursue love and respect,Amy struggles between goodness and After her failure,she begins to close her heart to the open new Her tragedy,her destiny declare that Faulkner mourns for the passing southern KAY WORD: contravention , beauty, evil, southern tradition
不用。关键词之间需空格。
不用的
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献和附录。摘要:随着计算机技术和因特网的迅猛发展,网上查询、检索和下载专业数据已成为当前科技信息情报检索的重要手段,对于网上各类全文数据库或文摘数据库,论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具,为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。论文发表后,文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以不作修改或稍作修改而直接利用,让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足,从而避免他人编写摘要可能产生的误解、欠缺甚至错误。所以论文摘要的质量高低,直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。关键词:关键词是反映论文主题概念的词或词组,通常以与正文不同的字体字号编排在摘要下方。一般每篇可选3~8个,多个关键词之间用分号分隔,按词条的外延(概念范围)层次从大到小排列。所以论文必须要写摘要和关键词。
to say that the plain man
摘要是学术论文的必要组成部分,是作者对文章主要内容简单扼要的客观陈述,是“不加评论和补充解释,简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文”摘要的主要功能可概括为:一是便于读者迅速了解全文大意,使其能以较少的时间获取必要的信息,并决定是否需要进一步阅读全文;二是为编制二次文献提供方便,摘要的质量直接影响其二次文献的质量;三是在文献的计算机检索、网络和其他电子出版物等方面,摘要也是必不可少的。 摘要应当拥有论文实质内容的主要信息。为此,研究报告的摘要一般应包括4个要素,即研究目的、方法、结果和结论。其中研究方法和研究结果最为重要,需要详细交代。对于研究目的,如果是显而易见的,或者在其他文句中已经包含,就不必单独写出,只有在需要强调研究目的,或研究目的比较特殊的情况下,才需要明确交代研究目的。对于研究报告而言,研究方法的介绍非常重要,但要详略得当,对于常规的、大家熟悉的方法,一般只需提到其方法名称即可,对于作者自己创造的新方法,或者是对原有方法的改良,或者论文本身就是对某研究方法的研究,则必需详细交代其方法,务必使方法表达清楚、具体,使读者能按照论文所介绍的方法重演该实验。研究结果更需详细介绍,力求具体、明确,应把具体的内容、数据等写出来。对有些需要讨论的重要问题和作者的独到见解,可以在“讨论”小标题下给出。 摘要一般采用第三人称的写法。常用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……、”进行了……的调查“等记述方法,以标明一次文献的性质和文献主题。在这些表述语句中不必使用”本文“、”作者“等主语。摘要的句型力求简单,通常少于10个句子即可。摘要不应有引言中出现的内容,也不要对论文内容作诊释和评论,不得简单重复题名中已有的信息;不用非公知公用的符号和术语,不用引文(除非该论文证实或否定了他人已发表的论文),一般不用缩略语、略称、代号,如有必要,在首次出现时必须马上加以说明(除非相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解);学术论文写作时应注意的其他事项,如采用法定计量单位,正确使用语言文字和标点符号等,也同样适用于摘要的编写。
Abstract: At present, real estate is one of the most indispensible Land Appreciation Tax, being as a taxation lever of state macro-control upon real estate industry, plays an import role in regulating the appreciation income of real estate enterprises and restraining investment Land Appreciation Tax is powerful in guaranteeing the equitable distribution of income and improving the sound development of real Tax authorities at any level are demanded to implement the State Council’s notice and essence, attach great importance to the collection and management of Land Appreciation Tax, reinforce the tax liquidation and enhance tax regulation, meanwhile, combining pre-requisition system and enterprise Key Words: Land Appreciation Tax, Land Appreciation Tax Liquidation, Land Appreciation Tax pre-
一、什么是论文的摘要?简单的来讲,论文摘要就是整篇文章和浓缩预览,它被排放在论文的首要位置。论文摘要是文章的灵魂,很多老师审稿时没有时间查看论文正文内容,往往是通过文章的摘要了解论文的研究内容及研究层次,因此,写好论文摘要无比重要。二、什么是论文的关键词?关键词是反映论文主题概念的词、词组或术语。对文献检索开发利用有着重要的作用。是随着计算机的出现,为适应引编制自动化的需要而产生的一种主题检索类型。是指那些出现在文献的标题以及摘要、正文中,对表达文献主题内容实质意义的,未经规范化处理的自然语言词汇,在作文献索引和检索时能反映文章内容信息的单词或术语,既反映文章主题的关键词汇。要求每个关键词与论文主题概念直接相对应,即有专指性。一组关键词要能反映单元主题和多元主题,能反映文章的专业主题和相关主题,即有全面性。关键词对揭示和描述文献主题内容来说是非常重要的。(本回答由学术堂整理提供)
Abstract: At present, real estate is one of the most indispensible Land Appreciation Tax, being as a taxation lever of state macro-control upon real estate industry, plays an import role in regulating the appreciation income of real estate enterprises and restraining investment Land Appreciation Tax is powerful in guaranteeing the equitable distribution of income and improving the sound development of real Tax authorities at any level are demanded to implement the State Council’s notice and essence, attach great importance to the collection and management of Land Appreciation Tax, reinforce the tax liquidation and enhance tax regulation, meanwhile, combining pre-requisition system and enterprise Key Words: Land Appreciation Tax, Land Appreciation Tax Liquidation, Land Appreciation Tax pre-
摘要是大致描述你在这篇论文中要表达的内容,通常100-150字左右关键词是文中提到较多的比较重要的4-5个词语