Times New Roman 字体,5倍行距,首行缩进2字符,
一、正反观点式议论文万能句(对比观点型)作文框架模版给出观点——正反观点二选一(有的人认为,有的人认为,你的观点)There is a widespread concern over the issue that________(作文题目)But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to (开头一般题目给出)The majority think that________(观点一) First of all,________(原因一)Furthermore, ________(原因二) So it goes without saying that________(观点一)People,however,differ in their opinions on this Some people hold the view that________(观点二) On the one hand,________(原因一) On the other hand,________(原因二) Therefore, there is no doubt that ________(观点二)As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二It is not only because ________(原因一), but also because ________(原因二)It's high time that________ (喊口号) Only in this way eventually can we ________(支持这一观点的结果)模版译文:有一个广泛引起关注的问题________。但众所周知有关这个热点话题的观点因人而异。绝大多数人认为________。首先,________。而且,________。因此不言而喻________。然而在这个话题上人们的观点各不相同。有的人持有的观点是________。一方面,________。另一方面,________。因此,毫无疑问________。就我而言,我强烈支持________的观点。不仅因为________,还因为________。该是________的时候了。只有这样我们最终才能________。二、“A或者B”类议论文万能句:(说明利弊型)作文框架模版:说明某一事物的优缺点及自己的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as First of all ,________(A的优点之一)Moreover,________(A的优点之二)Besides ,________(A的优点之三)But every coin has two The negative aspects are also One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse, ________(A的第二个缺点).Through above analyses, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative Therefore, I would like to________ (我的看法).或者(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are Only by this way, (对前景的预测).模版译文:现如今很多人更喜欢A,因为它在我们生活中扮演了一个重要的角色。总的来说。他的优点如下。首先________。而且,________。除此之外,________。但凡事都有利有弊,消极的一面也是很明显的。最重要的缺点是________。更糟糕的是________通过以上分析,我认为积极的一面胜过消极的一面。因此,我更喜欢________。三、观点论述类议论文万能句:(现象说明型)作文框架模版现象说明型:说明某一现象及其产生的原因和自己的看法Nowadays, there are more and more ________ (某种现象) in ________ (某种场合) It is estimated that________ (相关数据) Why have there been so many ________ (某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as To begin with, ________ (原因一) Besides, (原因二) Last but not least, ________ (原因三)Personally, the main cause of ________ (某种现象) is due to ________ (最主要原因) It is high time that something were done upon For one thing,________ (解决办法一) For another, ________ (解决办法二) All these measures will certainly reduce the amount of ________ (某种现象)模版译文:现如今在________(某种场合) 有越来越多的________。(某种现象) 据统计,________。为神马有如此多的________?也许原因如下。首先,________。除此之外,________。最后但同样重要的是,________。我认为,引起________的主要原因是________。该是时候采取些措施了。一方面,________。另一方面,________。所有这些措施都将会解决________。阐述主题型:要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.四、"How to"类议论文万能句:(问题解决型)作文框架模版模版①要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1.问题现状 2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face a problem________A, which , surprisingly , is becoming more and more First of all, ________(说明A的现状).Secondly, ________(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the For one thing,________(解决方法一) For another, ________(解决方法二) Finally, ________解决方法三)Personally, I believe that ________(我的解决方法) Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的好处)模版译文:现如今我们不得不面对一个问题________A,这个问题正变得越来越严重。首先,________。其次,________。面对A,我们应该采取一系列的措施来解决这个处境。一方面,________。另一方面,________。最后,________。就我而言,我认为________。因此,我相信一个崭新的未来正在等待着我们,因为________。图表作文写作万能句(图表分析型)(常给出折线图、饼状图、条形、扇形等统计图)描写图表变化趋势的词:(建议使用斜体加横线的词,个人认为比较形象)上升:increase / rise / go up / rocket(迅速增加) 下降:decrease / reduce / come down/ decline快:quickly / rapidly / sharply / dramatically 慢:slowly / gradually作文框架模版As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table (graph/ picture /pie /chart ), ________(作文的议题)has been on rise (increases /drops /decreases ), significantly /dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_% in _年_ to _%_ in _年_ From the sharp /marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that________(现象总结)There are at least two good reasons accounting for________(总结的现象) On the one hand, ____ On the other hand, ________ is due to the fact that ________ In addition, __ is responsible for ________ (Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly )As far as I am concerned,I hold the view that _______ It's high time that________ (喊口号) Only in this way can ________(支持这一观点的结果)模版译文:正如图表所展示的那样,________一直在增长。从图表中飞速的增长,不言而喻________。至少有两个原因来解释________。一方面,________。另一方面,________是因为________除此之外,________是________的原由就我而言,我持有________的观点该是________的时候了只有这样我们最终才能________。
一,议论文的格式: 议论文的格式应由三个部分组成:立论部分,论证部分。结论部分。二,一般说来,议论文可分三个基本段落来写:第一段引出话题,第二段立论且加以论证,第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落,应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中,同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性,且应尽量做到首尾呼应,切忌前后矛盾。 三,写作攻略:初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么,明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证,最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主,但有时也要运用说明,叙述,描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式:开头,主体和结尾。四,一般写作步骤如下:确定主题,引出论点。通过摆事实,讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实,原因,理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起。得出结论。要简明扼要,回扣全文。扩展资料:模板范文Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad。But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view。I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well。First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English。Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English。If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English。Most important of all, you can learn something more widely。All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well。 And I hope that all the students can use English freely。参考资料:百度百科——英语作文
一、引出开头1:It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…)2:Recently the problem of…… has been brought into ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注)3:Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to (现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)4:Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as (互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)5:With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……)6:It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……)7:A lot of people seem to think that……(很多人似乎认为……)8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道)二、表达不同观点1:People's views on……vary from person to Some hold that……However, others believe that……(人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)2:People may have different opinions on……(人们对……可能会持有不同见解)3:Attitudes towards (drugs)vary from person to ==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)(人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异)4:There are different opinions among people as to……(对于……人们的观点大不相同)三、表示结尾1:In short, it can be said that……(总之,他的意思是……)2:From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……(从上面提到的,我们可以得出结论……)3:Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……(把所有的这些因素加以考虑,我们自然可以得出结论……)4:Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……(因此,我们最好的出这样的结论……)5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as (毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点)6:All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would (总之,我们没有……无法生活,但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题)四、提出建议1:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)(该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了)2:There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……(毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够重视)3:Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……(显然,如果我们想要做么事,很重要的是……)4:Only in this way can we ……(只有这样,我们才能……)5:Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)五、预示后果1:Obviously,if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in (很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险)2:No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……(毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则我们很可能会……)3:It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation(很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展)六、表示论证1:From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the (在我看来,支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2:I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……(我无法完全同意这一观点)3:As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……(就我来说……)4:I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句(我真诚地相信……)5:Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……(最后,坦率地说,还有另外一个实际的原因……)七、给出原因1:The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (的原因是) 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons First,……Second,……Third,……。这一现象存在有很多原因的,第一……第二……第三……3:For one thing,…… For another thing,…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4:I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as 我十分赞同这一论述,即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1:The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2:As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言,……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4:It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的,但我们不应忽视……6:There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1:It has the following 它有如下优势2:It is beneficial/harmful to ==It is of great benefit/harm to 它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than 他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1:It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do 对于某人做……是……2:It plays an important role in our 十一、采取措施1:We should take some effective 我们应该采取有效措施2:We should try our best to overcome/conquer the 我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3:We should do our utmost in doing 我们应该尽力去做……4:We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced 我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1:Some changes have taken place in the past five 过去五年发生了很多变化2:Great changes will certainly be produced in the international 在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3:It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4:The output of July in this factory increased by 15%这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2:No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3:This is a phenomenon that many people are interested 4:be closely related to ~~ (与息息相关) 十四、进行比较1:Compared with A,B……与A比较,B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV十五、常用英语谚语1:Actions speak louder than 事实胜于雄辩2:All is not gold that 发光的未必都是金子3:All roads lead to R条条大路通罗马4:A good beginning is half 良好的开端是成功的一半5:Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6:A miss is as good as a 失之毫厘,差之千里7:Failure is the mother of 失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of 勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to 活到老,学到老10:Knowledge is 知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to 世上无难事,只怕有心人
模板? 有啥用啊。不如把听力听好
一、开头句型 As far as …is concerned 就……而言 It goes without saying that… 不言而喻,… It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说…… 二、衔接句型 A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是… As is often the case…由于通常情况下… As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述 三、结尾句型 I will conclude by saying… 最后我要说… Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…因此,我们有理由相信… All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说…… 英语作文怎么写,可以试试这家英语课程,免费试听课送给大家:【免费领取,外教一对一精品课程】点击即可领取试听。 还想要更多的英语作文模板,可以百度搜“阿卡索官网论坛”免费下载。 其他英语学习问题,可以百度搜“阿卡索vivi老师”为您分析解答。
一、的常见写作模板开头部分:How nice to hear from you Let me tell you something about the I’m glad to have received your letter of A I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a I’m writing to for your help during my stay in A结尾部分:With best I’m looking forward to your I’d appreciate it if you could reply 二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及部分:Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to 正文部分:All the teachers and students are required to attend Please r notebooks and make Please carefully and we’ll have a discussion in Please time and don’t be 部分:Please come and join in Everybody is welcome to attend I hope you’ll have a nice time That’s Thank 三、模板正反观点式模板导入:第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we (导入话题)Our opinions are divided on this (观点有分歧)正文:第2段:Most of the students are in favour of (正方观点)Here are the F S F(列出2~3个赞成的理由)第3段:However, the others are strongly against (反方观点)Their reasons are as In the first What’s In (列出2~3个反对的理由)结论:第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support (个人观点) オ“A或者B”类模板:导入:第1段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many Others, however, argue that B is much Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more 正文:第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A The main reason is that Another reason is (赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some (列出1~2个B的优势)结论:第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that (得出结论) オ观点论述类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may be listed as (,)正文:第2段:First of S B(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论:第3段:In conclusion, I believe (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)"How to"类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:第2段: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most First of Another way to solve the problem is F(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论:第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can But it should be noted that we should take action (强调解决此类问题的根本方法)四、写作模板The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题 The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 This means that as (进一步说明)We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化, the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) The figures also tell us that图表细节二 In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述)Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论) The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因) / It is high time that we (发出倡议)五、图画类写作模板:开头Look at this /The picture shows /From this picture, we can /As is shown in the /As is seen in the 衔接句As we all know, /As is known to all,/It is well known /In my opinion,/As far as I am concerned,/This sight reminds me of something in my daily 结尾句In /In /On the /In /In a /Generally /As has been 参考自-mJFZjlf98MjlbNE1D5EQxJtKhn4I0T9iYnYA1vZ7zIzvGkqylIOeTL6ojGIsn7upv4osQium7mI-oga
一、正反观点式议论文万能句(对比观点型)作文框架模版给出观点——正反观点二选一(有的人认为,有的人认为,你的观点)There is a widespread concern over the issue that________(作文题目)But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to (开头一般题目给出)The majority think that________(观点一) First of all,________(原因一)Furthermore, ________(原因二) So it goes without saying that________(观点一)People,however,differ in their opinions on this Some people hold the view that________(观点二) On the one hand,________(原因一) On the other hand,________(原因二) Therefore, there is no doubt that ________(观点二)As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二It is not only because ________(原因一), but also because ________(原因二)It's high time that________ (喊口号) Only in this way eventually can we ________(支持这一观点的结果)模版译文:有一个广泛引起关注的问题________。但众所周知有关这个热点话题的观点因人而异。绝大多数人认为________。首先,________。而且,________。因此不言而喻________。然而在这个话题上人们的观点各不相同。有的人持有的观点是________。一方面,________。另一方面,________。因此,毫无疑问________。就我而言,我强烈支持________的观点。不仅因为________,还因为________。该是________的时候了。只有这样我们最终才能________。二、“A或者B”类议论文万能句:(说明利弊型)作文框架模版:说明某一事物的优缺点及自己的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as First of all ,________(A的优点之一)Moreover,________(A的优点之二)Besides ,________(A的优点之三)But every coin has two The negative aspects are also One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse, ________(A的第二个缺点).Through above analyses, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative Therefore, I would like to________ (我的看法).或者(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are Only by this way, (对前景的预测).模版译文:现如今很多人更喜欢A,因为它在我们生活中扮演了一个重要的角色。总的来说。他的优点如下。首先________。而且,________。除此之外,________。但凡事都有利有弊,消极的一面也是很明显的。最重要的缺点是________。更糟糕的是________通过以上分析,我认为积极的一面胜过消极的一面。因此,我更喜欢________。三、观点论述类议论文万能句:(现象说明型)作文框架模版现象说明型:说明某一现象及其产生的原因和自己的看法Nowadays, there are more and more ________ (某种现象) in ________ (某种场合) It is estimated that________ (相关数据) Why have there been so many ________ (某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as To begin with, ________ (原因一) Besides, (原因二) Last but not least, ________ (原因三)Personally, the main cause of ________ (某种现象) is due to ________ (最主要原因) It is high time that something were done upon For one thing,________ (解决办法一) For another, ________ (解决办法二) All these measures will certainly reduce the amount of ________ (某种现象)模版译文:现如今在________(某种场合) 有越来越多的________。(某种现象) 据统计,________。为神马有如此多的________?也许原因如下。首先,________。除此之外,________。最后但同样重要的是,________。我认为,引起________的主要原因是________。该是时候采取些措施了。一方面,________。另一方面,________。所有这些措施都将会解决________。阐述主题型:要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.四、"How to"类议论文万能句:(问题解决型)作文框架模版模版①要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1.问题现状 2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face a problem________A, which , surprisingly , is becoming more and more First of all, ________(说明A的现状).Secondly, ________(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the For one thing,________(解决方法一) For another, ________(解决方法二) Finally, ________解决方法三)Personally, I believe that ________(我的解决方法) Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的好处)模版译文:现如今我们不得不面对一个问题________A,这个问题正变得越来越严重。首先,________。其次,________。面对A,我们应该采取一系列的措施来解决这个处境。一方面,________。另一方面,________。最后,________。就我而言,我认为________。因此,我相信一个崭新的未来正在等待着我们,因为________。图表作文写作万能句(图表分析型)(常给出折线图、饼状图、条形、扇形等统计图)描写图表变化趋势的词:(建议使用斜体加横线的词,个人认为比较形象)上升:increase / rise / go up / rocket(迅速增加) 下降:decrease / reduce / come down/ decline快:quickly / rapidly / sharply / dramatically 慢:slowly / gradually作文框架模版As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table (graph/ picture /pie /chart ), ________(作文的议题)has been on rise (increases /drops /decreases ), significantly /dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_% in _年_ to _%_ in _年_ From the sharp /marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that________(现象总结)There are at least two good reasons accounting for________(总结的现象) On the one hand, ____ On the other hand, ________ is due to the fact that ________ In addition, __ is responsible for ________ (Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly )As far as I am concerned,I hold the view that _______ It's high time that________ (喊口号) Only in this way can ________(支持这一观点的结果)模版译文:正如图表所展示的那样,________一直在增长。从图表中飞速的增长,不言而喻________。至少有两个原因来解释________。一方面,________。另一方面,________是因为________除此之外,________是________的原由就我而言,我持有________的观点该是________的时候了只有这样我们最终才能________。
一,议论文的格式: 议论文的格式应由三个部分组成:立论部分,论证部分。结论部分。二,一般说来,议论文可分三个基本段落来写:第一段引出话题,第二段立论且加以论证,第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落,应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中,同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性,且应尽量做到首尾呼应,切忌前后矛盾。 三,写作攻略:初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么,明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证,最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主,但有时也要运用说明,叙述,描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式:开头,主体和结尾。四,一般写作步骤如下:确定主题,引出论点。通过摆事实,讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实,原因,理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起。得出结论。要简明扼要,回扣全文。扩展资料:模板范文Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad。But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view。I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well。First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English。Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English。If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English。Most important of all, you can learn something more widely。All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well。 And I hope that all the students can use English freely。参考资料:百度百科——英语作文
四六级作文模版 写作模板——提纲式作文 1. 对立观点式 A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么? B. 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么? C.我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different They consider it harmful to do X They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both But I think the advantages of X overweigh the In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 2. 批驳观点式 A.一个错误观点。 B. 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3. 社会问题(现象)式 A.一个社会问题或者现象。 B. 产生的原因 C.对社会和我们生活的影响 D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E. 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public) According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/ 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will …… 写作模板——图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies) At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少) What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/ First of all, …(第一个原因) More importantly, …(第二个原因) Most important of all, …(第三个原因) From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势) 英语四六级写作试题模板——辩论式议论文 模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点 But other people take an opposite They firmly believe that 观点 As for me, I agree to the former/latter There are a dozen of reasons behind my First of all, 论据 More importantly, 论据 Most important of all, 论据 In summary, 总结观点 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心 或 From above, we can predict that 预测 模版2 People hold different views about X Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点 As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more For one thing, 论据 For another, 论据 Last but not the least, 论据 To conclude, 总结观点 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心 或 From above, we can predict that 预测 模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many The reasons are First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心 或 From above, we can predict that 预测
模板? 有啥用啊。不如把听力听好
每个学校的要求的格式都是不同的这个格式你学校的网址会有或者你找指导老师要实在不行,告诉我你的学校,你发给你1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。(2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:提出-论点;分析问题-论据和论证;解决问题-论证与步骤;结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
一、英文论文的标题一篇较长的英文论文(如英文毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英文论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。就学生而言,如果英文论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。二、英文论文提纲英文论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英文论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英文论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英文论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英文论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英文论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9)这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic (Chase 165)这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英文论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:DBeaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9)值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and with undisguised scorn and (Nitchie 43)若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i)圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。如果英文论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35)Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15)这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface, “The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all ”(1620-21)这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英文论文的文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited,其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。目录页应视为英文论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm,不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks, C Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern R NewYork: Harcourt, ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats, Eliot, and W New Haven: Yale UP,引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。An Author with an Editor Shake speare, W The Tragedy of M E Louis B W New York: Washington Square, 本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:Blackmur, Richard PI The Art of the Novel: Critical P By Henry J New York: Scribner's, vii-如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):Emery, D P English F By E London: Macmillan, v- A Multivolume WorkBrowne, T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K 4 London: Faber, Browne, T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K V London: Faber, 4 第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。A Selection from an Anthology Abram, M H“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the A” Romanticism R E Northrop F New York: Columbia UP,63-被引用的英文论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英文论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Otto, Mary L“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for P” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。Arnold, M“Willa Cather's Nostalgia: A Study in A”Research Studies M1981:23-24,月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。Gorney, C“When the Gorilla S”Washington Post 31 July,1985:B引用日报上的英文论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。
一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。 如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。 二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。 主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。 需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。 三、摘要 1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。 2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。 3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,5倍行间距。 4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。 5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。 英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。 6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。 四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。 正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。 在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。 五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。 引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。 六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。 标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm,不必留出更多空白。 各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。 英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。 摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。(内容来源:学术堂)
(Abstract) 也成为内容提要,通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要,其位置应放在论文的正文之前,对整个论文内容的概述无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言,摘要都是一个非常重要的文件 摘要如果和论文一起发表,则被称为一次性出版物摘要,主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用,使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容除此之外,摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如:生物学文摘(Biological Abstract)、化学文摘(Chemical Abstract)等、称为二次性出版物摘要此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息,帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域 一、 摘要的定义 摘要的英文术语:有两个词汇,一个是 abstract, 一个是 根据美国国家标准学会(American National Standard Institute)于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》(American National Standard for Writing Abstracts)规定,Abstract 不应与 summary 混同 Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括,使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容,或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备,或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要文中只对论文信息进行浓缩,而不加主观评论或解释,可以脱离原文而独立成篇字数通常在100~150个词左右,更确切地说,约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%(有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%)现在越来越多的用法是 尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用 abstract 这个术语,在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词 Summary (概要) 与 abstract 无明显差别严格地说,summary 一般附在论文的后面,对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述其前提是读者已经通读过全文,通过 summary 来巩固论文的主要论点和成果在某些论文中,用 summary 取代正文中的 conclusion 部分 Summary 是论文的"缩影",可以概括论文的全部内容,只是在删繁就简上下功夫,字数长短不一,少则两三句话,多则500个单词甚至更长美国的一些高等学校规定,硕士论文提要(summary)以250词左右为宜,而博士论文题要以350词左右为宜国际会议论文的提要一般规定为300 ~ 500 词或 1000 个印刷符号 至于究竟要采用什么形式,要根据征稿而定 一般说来,国际学术会议论文及要求按 Summary 方式来写摘要,而正式出版发行的刊物要修不尽一致对于个别论文还见有前面为 Abstract, 结尾又有一个Summary , 这多半是由于文章过长,内容有多,后面的 Summary 相当于该文的缩写 二、 摘要的种类 摘要分为两类,一类是说明性摘要(Descriptive/ Indicative Abstract),一类是资料性(Informative Abstract)摘要 说明性摘要 (Descriptive / Indicative Abstract) 如同迈克尔艾利 (Michael Alley)所说,"一篇说明性摘要是段落形式的目录,使读者手中的一份简要地图"从这句话中可以清楚地了解说明性摘要的作用说明性摘要指向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么,不涉及具体的研究方法和结果,但无法给读者提供更多的详细信息它一般是用于综述性文章,也用于讨论、评论性文章,尤以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多,常出现"… is studied"、 "…is discussed" 字样时态多用现在时或现在完成时其篇幅也较短,大多在100 ~ 150 字之间以下是一篇说明性摘要的样例 Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult 由于说明性摘要仅限于陈述论文的主要论题且篇幅较小,主要用于评述性的论文 资料性摘要 (Informative Abstract) 资料性摘要的优点是比说明性摘要能提供多的多的信息,它应该尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容,特别强调指出研究的方法和结果、结论等其篇幅较长,大多在150 ~250 字之间根据原文长度,也有多达500字的通常,这类的摘要反映了论文的基本面貌,能够代替阅读论文全文 Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying organic matter, and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools, or spraying them with For rats, only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are Control of adult forms of both insects and rodens requires use of Screens are used for Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito 三、 如何写摘要 摘要的位置 摘要的位置是确定的,一般在作者工作单位的下方如: Cultural Differences Between China and USA (标题) Xu Ying (署名) Hunan University (Changsha, Hunan, 410082) (工作单位) Abstract: (摘要) Key words: (关键词) 写作要点 (1) 长度:有专家认为150 ~ 200 个词之间;文章长度的五分之一 有些刊物会规定摘要的篇幅不能超过一定的字数,如:在80 ~ 100 之间,在投稿前应查询 若刊物没有规定长度时,可以参阅已发表的文章长度参加国际会议的论文摘要有字数限制,一般要求200 ~ 500 个词之间,约1000个印刷符号(美国化学文献、医学文献的论文摘要规定在200个词以内) (2) 不要重复论文中的句子 (3) 避免列举大堆数据 (4) 一般只是一个段落,不要将其分为数段 (5) 不要使用祈使句、感叹句、公式、表格等 (6) 完成论文后在写摘要 (7) 一般使用第三人称或被动语态 (8) 语言需简明扼要 下面请看一段论文摘要: This paper deals with the English syllabus for graduate students in C The paper first reviews the history of the graduate English teaching, then discusses the shortcomings in the syllabus and finally proposes some suggestions for its (本回答由学术堂整理提供)
Background(背景):介绍论文研究的背景,描述前者研究存在哪些问题,为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。Method(方法):介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法,需要注意的是:因为摘要字数有限,所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可,不要花太多篇幅介绍。Results(结果):这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果,如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。Conclusion(结论):论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文,也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。所以,摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。
关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:
外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师:XXX(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……(英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。) Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, … So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号: ,, ,…;节的编号:1,2…,1,2…;小节的编号为:1, 2…。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) … In conclusion, …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号)Sanved, The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP, 常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。(论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;5倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中)【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂…… …… ……(中文摘要:上空二行;题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符,方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距; 第二行起要顶格;字数约400字,约8-10行;)【关键词】 习语;对比;英语;汉语(中文关键词:题目采用黑体五号字,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,缩进2个汉字字符;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号,采用楷体五号字,不加粗,单倍行距;各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后不空格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距)一、 基本格式:论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上,不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页:论文题名页上打印格式基本相近,中、英文对照,中文题目页在第一页,英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目,论文题目都用大写字母,下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大,再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称:论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页,中、英文对照,中文题目页在上,英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用宋体,小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号,加粗,关键字短语部分采用宋体,小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页,一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,正文部分采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗,小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体,字号为三号,加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号,中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印,正文采用Times New Roman字体,字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体,字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用Times New Roman字体,字号为一号,加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印,字体为Times New Roman小四。