提供一些英语专业毕业论文在中西文化差异方面的论文选题,供参考。中西节日文化差异中西饮食文化的差异中西方人际关系交往中的差异分析浅析中西方社会对人格塑造的影响中西方餐桌文化论中英谚语文化差异通过日常生活看西方人的思维方式与我们的不同中美酒文化的比较比较中西文化中对时间概念的不同理解西方人的文化理念与中国人的异同中西方教育体制的差异中英思维模式比较分析中西方幼儿教育的异同中西方寒暄语的不同浅析中西方性观念异同
yrk5ykio7o8o
具体能不能报考,你可看当时的招考职位的条件,符合就可以,有些说要通过四级或425分以上的,那你就不可以了,因为你没有通过.具体还有其它的什么条件,...
哈哈 写这方面的论文要以小见大,不可把题目写得太大,写就像题目 :论中国文化 ,我们要写的东西太多了,那样就不可能写好,总是泛泛而谈! 所以你要以小见大,从英美社会的一个角度来洞悉他们社会的文化氛围和生活思想!其实一个社会的文化从一些小的事件或是现象就可见一斑,关键在于你的分析和联系,我们要从它的历史,发展,还有社会变革等各个方面来分析联系,那样你要做的的准备就会很多了,看好多资料,分析记录。。。。 所要阐述的观点也会深刻,写起来就是文思泉涌!所以在题目的确定上你要从你的论文表达的思想观点来提炼,反映你所要最终表达的思想! 别人是不好随意给你下题目的,当然如果你要写的是交任务的东西那就逃简单了!哈哈! 英美同属西方有许多共同点,其实不同的地方还是很多的,英国是是一个有由几个主要民族组成的有历史的白人岛国,看看《勇敢的心》就会有感想的,思想比较保守,各民族归属感比较强,他们的足球队都是分各地区参加世界比赛的,如英格兰 苏格兰 威尔斯等,而美国是多人种多 民族国家,所以更加的开放,思想追求自由 个人,以自我为中心,所以他们不同的地方还是很多的!一时半刻难说完啊,打得累了!自己去研究吧! 就我自己而言,比较喜欢英国生活方式一点! 自己定吧 ,有疑问再问 哈哈!
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史,无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧,都起源于民间,并与原始人祭祀神灵,欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史,它发展快,成就高,在世界上的影响很... 类别:毕业论文 大小:95 KB 日期:2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临,中国与外界的交流越来越频繁,特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界,如同一个大家庭,参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因,各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增,同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现,跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道,这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别:毕业论文 大小:96 KB 日期:2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征:儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗,宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰,以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线,在思想上追求人格的完美,以“谦谦君... 类别:毕业论文 大小:90 KB 日期:2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:88 KB 日期:2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年,西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化;西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天,中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别:毕业论文 大小:100 KB 日期:2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天,旅游业风风火火地发展起来了,作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来,且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世,这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机,但世界上酒店发展规模空前,...
当代英美文学之中的存在主义隶属于当代西方国家的哲学体系,也属于文学理论研究的重要的流派之一下面是我为大家整理的英美文学毕业论文,供大家参考。
一、引言
在中国,自古就有“书读百遍,其义自见”的古训。这句话的含义是在语言学习中,只要不断地进行阅读,在不知不觉中就会了解其中的含义。在英语学习中这个方法其实要一分为二地看待,一方面,通过不断诵读,确实能够有效地稳固学生对于单词、句子结构、整体语感的掌握,但是另一方面,由于英语并不是中国学生的母语,就是阅读再多遍,也不可能达到“其义自见”的程度。这种情况下,英美文学作品的重要性就凸显出来了。我们知道,文学作品是语言文字的集大成者,它是一项非常复杂的但是涵盖面极广的语言的精炼和巧妙的运用。文学作品对于语言文字的驾驭和使用只会高出一般语言文字的使用要求而不会比这个要求更低,那么在英语教学中,是不是可以引入英美文学这一元素,以培养学生英美文学素养这一教学目标来全面提升学生的英语成绩呢?答案是肯定的,经过教学实践,教师们发现,将大量的英美文学作品引入教学过程中,将培养学生英美文学素养作为重要教学目标并以此为基础进行教学活动的确能够极大提升学生的英语成绩,并且学生的英语驾驭能力也有了不小的提升,达到了兼具考试和实用两个层次的价值,对学生的全面成长是极为有利的。
二、当前大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的必要性和可行性分析
1、培养学生英美文学素养能够让学生在潜移默化中更加深刻了解西方文化
文化是语言的基础,文化这一看不见摸不着的事物决定着语言的所有要素。任何一种语言都带有鲜明的地域特色,都是一个国家或者地区文明的精炼。同时语言又是文化的重要组成部分,甚至我们可以毫不夸张地说,对于一种语言的学习,其实就是对于该国家或者地区文化的学习。对于母语的学习和本国文化的学习存在着很大的难度,因为即便是再小的国家,也最少有数百年的历史,这数百年的历史积淀是极为深厚的,想要在短短十数年中精通是绝不可能的。这也就是中国学生每个人的语文成绩都不会太差,但是未必每个人的成绩都会很好的原因所在。本国语言的学习尚且如此,更遑论拒自己国家千里万里的,文化背景和历史完全不同的,文化差异特别巨大的国家的语言的学习。而每一个国家都有具备极强文字驾驭能力的人,他们的文学作品是对整个国家和民族语言的精炼与巧妙组合,不仅对语言文字的解析十分有帮助,还直接体现了本国的文化和社会背景。文化这种元素是无法进行教育的,只能自己去感悟,通过对大学生英美文学素养的培养,就能够提升学生对于英美文化的敏感程度。
2、有效提升学生综合英语能力
中国当前高校英语教育的主要要点就是听、说、读、写四个方面,但是其实我们从这几点就可以看出这个层次是非常低的。举例来说,对于非文学专业的语文教学来说,听和说不必考核,因为这是每一个中国人进行交流的前提,但是对于语文的考察却不会仅仅停留在能读懂和能写出两个层次,语文的考核会考核学生对于古文、现代文深刻的理解,要体会隐藏在纸面上的语言背后深层次的思想感情和文化元素。但是对于英语的考核就没有这么深入。当然,对母语的考核和对外语的考核肯定是要有所区别的,但是当前的英语教学是为了培养更多能够适应国际化的优秀人才,是要让这些学生将来能够在国际上与英语母语的人流畅沟通的,所以要求必须要提高。但是又因为英语不是中国人的母语,所以必须采取一些必要的手段来提升中国学生的英语能力,大量阅读英美文学作品并且体会其中的感情和文化就是不错的方法。
3、能够有效提升学生的审美能力,培养学生正确的价值观念
早在一千多年前的唐朝就有关于“兼听”和“偏听”的讨论。在语言的学习中亦是如此。尽管对于中国学生来说,坚定不移地信仰马克思主义才是正确的道路,但是如果能够对全世界范围内各种意识形态都有一种较为深刻的认识,会让学生的这种信仰更加坚定。并且刨除东西方文化差异和价值观念的碰撞这些直接的元素来考虑的话,任何一个国家都是会讴歌真善美、批判假恶丑的,在情感的表达上,这种人文的思潮是任何国家都一致的。并且当前的时代是全球一体化的时代,学生如果全面了解世界范围内的文化,对其审美能力和价值观念的培养是有很大的好处的。文学作品在提升审美和价值观念方面起到的作用是其他任何事物都无法比拟的,其中的人文性也是其他任何活动都望尘莫及的。
三、大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径解析
1、培养学生英美文学素养亟待解决的问题探讨
要想全面提升学生的英美文学素养,绝不仅仅是多看基本英美文学名著就能达到目的的,还需要进行全面的准备和改革。第一,要进行教育体制上的必要革新。教育改革在我国已经持续了很多年了,但是似乎整个教育体制变动较大的只是基础教育,高等教育的改革力度似乎并不大。这其实是不科学的,因为高等教育承担着直接为社会输出人才的重要任务,其改革的成效将直接关乎整个教育改革的成败。那么具体到培养学生英美文学素养这一目标上,自然不可以免地要谈到应试教育和素质教育的天平倾斜。想要提升学生的英美文学素养,必然要做的是加大学生对于英美文学的阅读量。并且为了由于英语这门学科并不会吸引大多数的学生,所以有必要用相对的考核对敦促学生进行这方面的努力。当然,本身这种模式都是要打破应试教育的桎梏,考核自然也不能够仅仅是考试。可以适当举办一些活动和比赛,既增加趣味性,又提升学生的积极性,还能够让学生在实践中加深对于英美文学素养的理解,一举多得。第二,培养一支高水平的师资队伍就很有必要了。既然要求学生的英美文学素养有一定的提升,那么相应的,教师的英美文学素养必须也有所保障,并且教师在教学思想和观念上也应当有相应的提升。也就是说,高水平的师资队伍具体体现在两个方面,一是教师应当转变思想,正确认识到英美文学在英语教学中的重要作用,将英美文学在高等教育英语教学中的重要作用进行深刻的领会,并且主动地在自己的教学活动中进行必要的创新。教师在这种情况下的要求比传统的英语教师要高得多。在这种形势下,大学的英语教师必须具备扎实牢固的英语基础知识、对西方文化较为深刻的了解、对学生的英语水平有较好的整体把握、对世界各国的一些文化知识都有涉猎。这样能力全面的教师才能够真正担负起培养学生优秀的英美文学素养。第三,当前的英语教材亟需改编。英美文学素养的培养仅凭课上的部分讲解和课下的学生自觉是不能完全发挥其作用的,要做到将英美文学素养作为评价高校学生英语整体水平的重要要素之一,就需要对现有的英语教材进行改编。当前的英语教材是中国的相关专家和一些国外的相关专家联合编写的,这些教材的确更适合中国学生学习,但是却在文学性上有些许的不足之处。未来英语教材应当在保有现有的模式下,加入大篇幅的英美文学作品,使学生学习的不再是专门为他们设置的英语教材,而是原汁原味的英语作品,这样对培养他们真正的语感和适应未来的国际化社会是更加有利的。当然,英美文学作品加入教材中对于学生理解来说是产生了一些困难的,因为文学作品中往往存在大量俚语、修辞和非常规的英语用法,不过对于适应了这些困难以后的英美文学作品赏析就会变得更加简单。
2、培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径
在解决了基本的教育体制、教材、教师三方面的前提条件以后,就完全可以以学生为中心,针对学生的需求来进行文学素养的培养了。第一,要设置多元化的师生互动活动,改变传统的课堂教育模式。英美文学素养的培养不是靠学生读写和教师讲解就能够完全实现的,在教学实践中可以首先指引学生进行自主学习,在教师讲解之前自己先通读设定的篇章,找出自己完全无法理解的地方,用师生交流或者同学间的交流形式来解决这些问题;在课堂上多采取一些活动,例如文学作品的演绎、文学作品读后感的诵读等等,加深学生对文学作品的熟悉和敏感,也能够极大提升学生的积极性;在课外要进行规模更大、范围更广的活动,组织相关的社团组织,定期举办活动等等。第二,多利用当前的计算机技术和网络技术。当前的时代是计算机的时代和网络的时代,教师应当鼓励学生多从网络中获取英美文学作品的相关资讯,可以引导学生自主地了解作者的背景、文学作品的整体逻辑和脉络等等,并且借助于多媒体的设备,用各种声光影结合的形式改变以往仅仅给学生视觉刺激的教师模式。其实这种让学生通过多媒体设备和网络的教学方式,不仅能够在有限的时间内获取更多的文学作品的信息,还能够真正地将传统英语教学中的被动地“教”为主体向现在的主动地“学”而转变,培养学生的文学素养就变得更有成效。第三,要将理论与实践相结合,多鼓励学生说和写。每一个人阅读文学作品以后,或多或少地心中一定会有感悟,教师应当鼓励和引导学生将这种感受说出来或者写出来,让学生将自己心中模糊的感受在说和写的过程中不断清晰和深化,将这些在不断阅读中积攒的一点一滴逐渐融合成为学生的文学素养,使学生的英语学习效率和成果比传统的模式更上一层楼。
四、结语
中西方文化存在差异,这对培养学生英美文学素养来说有利也有弊,有利的一点是学生一旦对西方文化有一定程度的了解,那么对于英美文学素养的提升来说是非常明显的,不利的地方则是学生需要认知的事情太多、太繁琐了。但是其实能够正视和有效利用中西方文化差异的学生,才是未来社会需要的人才。教育问题永远是一个国家最为重视的问题之一,因为它直接关乎到一个国家和民族的未来。在我国的教育体系中,高等教育又承担着直接向社会输出人才的重要作用。在高等教育中,英语是各个专业都必须学习的必修课,但是教学和学习实效是非常差的。近些年来,相关的专家和学者不断地研究大学英语的创新出路,整个大学英语的教学模式都需要进行较大的变动。而在当前形势下,引入英美文学教学模式,培养学生英美文学素养成为了一项理论和实践都取得不小成果的手段。当然,这种模式还处在初级阶段,各项工作还不够完善,但是相信随着时代的发展和教育改革的不断深入,英美文学素养的培养必将成为全面提升学生英语能力的重要手段,为国家培养出更多优秀的适应国际化趋势的人才。
普通高校英美文学是英语专业主干课程之一,该课设置的目的不仅在于加强学生语言基本功训练,更是提高学生素质和培育人文精神的有效途径。《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》指出:“文学课程的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力,掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。通过阅读和分析英美文学作品,促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高,增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。”英美文学课在外语专业曾经备受青睐。然而,在“重技能,轻人文”的大潮冲击下,功利主义泛滥,实用型的课程如口语、听力、翻译课等成了重要的专业课程。英美文学课则显得可有可无,逐渐被边缘化。目前,很多高等院校在制定人才培养方案时,大大压缩英美文学课程。根据调查,河南省大部分本科英语专业的英美文学课时仅为72个学时,其中,英国文学36个学时,美国文学36个学时。每周两个课时的文学课,远远达不到预期的教学效果。
一、普通高校英语专业英美文学课程存在的问题
(一)课程设置概念不准确,内容不完整
英美文学史和文学作品选读是作为两门课程还是一门课的界定没有统一的标准。目前,大多数高校的外语学院都是把英美文学史和英美文学作品选读两门本应分开的课程合为一体,称为英美文学。还有些学校没有开设“英美文学史”这门课,只在学生进入大学三年级的时候分别开设一学期的英国文学和美国文学。学生对整个英美文学史没有系统和宏观的把握,就直接研读作品,使学生只掌握少数具体的作家作品,对各个文学流派、文学传承以及与时代的联系缺乏整体掌握。
(二)课时安排偏少,边缘化趋势突出
为迎合重商主义的社会风气,全国外语院系刮起了一股砍削文学课的飓风。更改教学大纲,削减文学课程,并不顾自己的实际,硬性增设经贸、金融等课程。英美文学课从一二十人小班的、讨论式的教学变成了一两百人的大班讲授式,从两个学年的课程“浓缩”到一个学年、甚至一个学期的课程。有的外语院系干脆把英美文学课定为选修课,英美文学课遭遇严重的“边缘化”。
(三)开设时间不合理,教学内容脱离学生实际
很多学生尽管是英语专业,但在大学一二年级很少接触英美文学作品,尤其是经典作品。文学功底差,到了大三突然接触深奥的文学作品,如经典剧作《浮士德》、《麦克白》等,感到艰涩难懂,因而没有学习兴趣,教学效果很差。实际上,文学课程担负着提高学生人文素质的重任,我们除了要重视专业教育外,也要在大学一二年级就加强学生在文学方面的教育,提高学生的外语综合素质。而学习外国文学是提高综合素质有效而重要的一环。
高校英语专业英美文学课程与教学的现状不利于英语专业学生文学素养的养成,大大降低了英语专业的教学质量。这种状况得不到改变,大学英语专业培养的将只是翻译工具,而不是全面发展的英语专业人才。作为高校英语专业英美文学课教师,应该以提高英语专业教学质量为己任,探索教学改革的途径,走出英美文学课程困境,充分发挥英美文学的人文价值。
二、英美文学课程改革措施
(一)调整英美文学课的教学内容
许多年来,英美文学的教材一直沿用“文学史+选读”的固定而陈旧的模式,教材按照历史顺序,分别列出各种各样的文学史知识,如所有作家的时代背景、生卒年月、作品概况介绍等,这些内容占了大部分的篇幅。其实,将宝贵的教材篇幅用来介绍背景知识是不科学的,这可能会让学生忽略文学作品本身。文学作品应以文学鉴赏为基础,并提升文学批评鉴赏能力和创新思维能力。我们的建议是在作品之前设置一些预习作业与问题,让学生利用现代化的网络和多媒体设备查找和总结作家介绍和作品背景,将宝贵的篇幅留给文学作品本身。作家和文学作品的遴选也是教材改革需要重点考虑的方面。传统的英美文学教材往往是厚古薄今,尤其是早期的经典著作对古英语涉猎过多,如学生在文学课的开始就遭遇内容晦涩难懂的古英语诗歌《贝奥武夫》,难以把握作品的精髓与内涵,这样很容易挫伤学生的学习积极性。由于英美文学时间跨度大、内容非常广泛,名家名作不胜枚举,教材的设置和作家的取舍一定要考虑到学生的接受程度进行宏观把握下的重点筛选,比如在讲美国文学中的当代戏剧时,应将重点集中于美国20世纪最伟大的三大戏剧家尤金•奥尼尔、阿瑟•米勒和田纳西•威廉斯,并将他们的写作风格、历史传承进行对比研究,对其代表作如尤金•奥尼尔的《榆树下的欲望》、阿瑟•米勒的《推销员之死》、田纳西•威廉斯的《玻璃动物园》进行对比阅读分析,找出现代人的孤独、欲望和工业社会对人性的摧残等剧作家想要揭示的共同主题。这种方式有利于学生对不同文学时期的科学把握,也有助于增强学习的趣味性和降低学习难度。
(二)改革英美文学课的教学模式
由传统的英美文学教材衍生出教师一言堂的“填鸭式”教学模式,英美文学教师在课堂上照本宣科,学生则疲于对这些知识死记硬背,根本谈不上自己对某一具体作品的见解和思考,更不用说对文学经典的鉴赏与文学情趣的提升。由于教材死板,授课方式墨守成规,英美文学课变成了精读课+历史课,学生学到的只是一些具体的语言知识点,而没有提升对文学文本的整体分析能力和感悟能力。英美文学教师可以尝试设计研究性课堂和实践教学模式。在英美文学课开始时,由教师推荐一些有关英美文学与文化的研究课题给学生进行研究,如维多利亚时代文学研究、美国梦文学研究、美国现代戏剧研究等。全班学生分成若干组,承担不同的课题,并在课堂上用幻灯片等方式陈述研究结果。另外,为了提高学生对英美文学作品的学习兴趣可以采取多渠道的实践教学活动,如举办英文诗歌朗诵比赛、英语戏剧表演、适时组织收看英文原版电影等。
(三)采用多媒体及计算机网络辅助教学手段
英美文学远离我们熟悉的母语环境和语言习惯,且跨越时代久远,陈旧、落后的“书+黑板+粉笔”的传统教学模式难以创设生动活泼的课堂教学情景,难以引起学生浓厚的学习兴趣。采用多媒体和计算机网络辅助课堂教学等现代化的教学手段有利于改革英美文学教学效果。目前多数高校普遍存在多媒体设施不足和设施陈旧等问题,高校应加强在这方面的投入,为多媒体及计算机网络辅助课堂教学模式的探索和推广铺平道路。
首先,借助多媒体和网络的课堂教学模式可以让抽象、晦涩的文学作品通过视频、音频等材料更生动、直接和立体地呈现在学生眼前耳边,可以提高学生的学习兴趣,活跃课堂气氛,从而改善英美文学课堂上沉闷、单调、枯燥的教师一言堂的顽疾,充分调动学生的学习积极性,开发学生的创造性思维,从而提升学生的学习效果。其次,借助多媒体和网络技术的教学模式,能更大限度地克服授课时间与授课场所的限制,有助于将学生的自主学习向课外有效延伸,实现学生的个性化自主学习与课堂教学的有效衔接。
多媒体和网络辅助教学形式下教师的角色发生了很大变化,对授课教师提出了更高的要求。教师必须深刻钻研材料,把握教学重点和难点,制定出明确的课堂教学目标,设计出为之服务的方案,确定有效传递教学信息的媒体类型和使用技巧,使媒体发挥更大的作用。授课教师要转变教学理念和方法,懂得设计以学生为主体的教学活动。教师应由原来的“以教为主”转变为“以学为主”,并通过培训等方式快速掌握现代化的教学方法,有效配合传统的教学方法,实现学生语言综合技能的提高。
具体能不能报考,你可看当时的招考职位的条件,符合就可以,有些说要通过四级或425分以上的,那你就不可以了,因为你没有通过.具体还有其它的什么条件,...
隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
论文难度我心中的排名:文化<教学法<语言应用<文学<翻译理论。
文化最好写,可以讨论的范围非常广几乎所有中西方不同的点都可以以讨论,什么电视节目,电影电视剧,流行文化,就是一个包罗万象的学科,写起来也非常有意思。就是有一个优点也是它雷点,资料不一定好找,像是很新的点,国内的人不一定写过,就是说原创性比较高。
教学法内容上比较好写,容易写够字数。内容比较固定,资料非常好找,比较好写,流程很固定,适合没有什么特别的想法的学生。因为这个教学法,这么多年来也没变过,也不太可能变。
学论文能做的就是总结一下,自己的观点并不是很重要,而且就算你有,也没有什么用,不权威。好在资料充足,一般是调研分析,调查啊,分析课本啊,分析课堂行为啊,多为描述性语言,轻轻松20多页没问题。 我们班写教学法的一般都是上万字,一打都是40多页。
但是!一定要选好老师,如果没有老师带着,那很痛苦,因为这个非常需要老师带着,我们班的情况就是老师说啥,学生准备好写啥就行,多为非创造性工作,而且最后拿出来非常有份量!中文文献较多,比较容易阅读,但写的时候不太方便。
文学论文,一般字数较少。大体不超过6000,个人兴趣占比较大的比重,想写好比较难,如果是比较popular 的作品,话题,资料非常好找,英文资料偏多,对阅读能力有要求,想写出新意有难度哦。
英语 文化 论文的题目是英语专业学生进行科学研究即 毕业 论文写作第一步,题目是论文的眼睛 ,是一篇 文章 写作的关键。下面是我带来的关于英语专业文化类毕业论文题目的内容,欢迎阅读参考!英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(一) 1. 浅析 议论文 语篇衔接词 2. 《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的形成与幻灭 3. 圆满的精神之旅——重新解读李尔王的一生 4. 商务谈判中模糊限制语的分析 5. 后殖民女性主义在《喜福会》中的体现 6. 论《卡斯特桥市长》的自然主义特色 7. 中西方茶文化比较 8. 隐喻在 商务英语 中的应用及翻译 9. 惠普公司和联想公司 企业文化 对比研究 10. 网络聊天室中网络语言的词汇构成特征 11. 迈克尔·翁达杰《英国病人》中的后殖民主义 12. 集体主义与个人主义——中美不同文化价值观的对比分析 13. 从文化的角度探讨英谚的翻译 14. 以黑人女性主义解析《日常用品》 15. 言语行为理论在公示语中的应用 英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(二) 1. 探究IBM公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析 2. 在中英文化背景下对隐喻的理解 3. 浅析汤姆·索亚性格特征 4. 交际教学法在中国英语教学中的运用 5. 浅析商品 说明书 的翻译 6. 从电影《花木兰》中看中美文化的嫁接 7. 从语言文化差异视角看英汉幽默翻译 8. 冰山下的真相——运用冰山原则分析海明威的《五万大洋》 9. 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响及谈判策略的选择 10. 美国 广告 语中的文化价值观探析 11. 论英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 12. 简述现代英语流行语 13. 从《毕业生》看美国六十年代的反文化运动 14. 中美商务谈判中的文化差异及语言策略 15. 浅析论英国工会在战后英国政治重建中的角色定位及其政治文化内涵 16. 新闻委婉语语用功能分析 英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(三) 1. 美国英语与英国英语语音及拼写之差异 2. 英汉词汇中色彩词的语义 3. 来源于地名的英语词汇的隐喻映射 4. 临沂方言对英语辅音音素发音的负迁移及方式 5. 汉英文字发音特点对比 6. 关联认知语境对话语标记语的解释 7. 英语重音看汉腔英语 8. 浅析中美反倾销法律及实践的差异 9. 中美 家庭 教育 的差异 10. 中美版权侵权行为结构的差异 11. 略论中美日韩学前情感教育之民族差异 12. 谈中美两国地学本科高等教育的几点差异 13. 贸易统计差异与中美贸易平衡问题 14. 中美刑法因果关系的差异 15. 略论中美日韩学前情感教育之民族差异 16. 跨文化交际中的中美文化差异 猜你喜欢: 1. 英语系文化类毕业论文 2. 本科英语专业毕业论文题目 3. 英语语言学论文题目参考大全 4. 英语专业毕业论文选题文化 5. 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题 6. 英语专业论文范文
其实哪个方向都一样,好与不好写只是个人理解和能力不同所致,所以,选题的关键还是要考虑自己的知识结构、导师的要求和答辩的难易程度,耐心考虑一下,再征询一下导师意见,才是明智的。
写大学论文是每个大学生都需要经历的过程,只有通过了论文答辩才能真正毕业,具体步骤如下:
一、选好题目
选题是毕业论文写作的第一步,同样也是最重要的一步,选题时最好选择比较热门的论题进行写作,一些特别难理解,比较冷门的题目不建议选,因为后期找资料论证很麻烦,最好的方法就是问导师,导师会根据每位学生推荐适合大家的选题,这样通过率也会更高。
二、论文写作
建议在写作时可以多采用副标题的形式,一般学校会要求按照统一的论文格式进行书写的,写的时候标题尽量要涉及论文的研究对象,内容和目的,这样写起来使论文看起来更加简洁明了,而且一些论证类的题目需要自己去收集数据进行论证才可以,只有简单的论述没有数据的话是很难通过的。
三、参考文献收集
在撰写论文的时候要以参考文献为基础,建议大家尽量多收集与本专业相关的资料,反复精读并提炼其中的论点,这样就可以保障自己在毕业论文写作时候有充足的写作资料,不至于无从下手,另外引用参考文献的时候一定要注意内容是否与自己的论文对得上,不要引用无意义的内容放在论文中。
毕业论文的基本教学要求是:
1、培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识,培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力。
2、培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风,严肃认真的科学态度。
3、培养学生进行社会调查研究;文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用;提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。
毕业 论文是高校大学生毕业前必须完成的教学任务,但论文选题工作则是毕业论文管理中的首要环节。下面是我带来的关于英语专业毕业论文选题 文化 的内容,欢迎阅读参考! 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(一) 1. 从拉康的镜像理论看杨克的悲剧根源 2. 从正负值面子理论简析中美面子差异 3. 中国菜名翻译中的文化翻译策略 4. 从旧南方到新南方——斯佳丽·奥哈拉在内战前后的成长历程 5. 探究家乐福公司的 企业文化 :基于其网站内容的文本分析 6. 汉语对 英语写作 词汇的负迁移作用 7. 《美国悲剧》的消费文化分析 8. 从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式 9. 礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用 10. 南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现 11. 城市公示语的汉译英探索 12. 归化与异化理论在汉语 歇后语 翻译中的应用 13. 《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇·亚当斯双性同体现象的研究 14. 论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存 15. 广告 语言模糊性的语用研究 16. 利用美剧进行 英语听力 自主学习 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(二) 1. 大学生 英语口语 学习动机研究 2. 从文化视角看中国白酒广告 3. 从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递 4. 对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究 5. 公示语汉译英错误及对策探析 6. 探究美国安利公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析 7. 运用写长法促进英语写作能力的提高 8. 中美“面子文化”对比分析 9. 英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析 10. 英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究 11. 新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析 12. 中美家庭文化比较 13. 从文化的角度浅析中美企业 人力资源管理 的差异 14. 华中农业大学英语专业学生高级 英语学习 状况调查 15. 跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议 16. 解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想 17. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义 18. 从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响 19. 对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(三) 1. 广告双关语的作用 2. 中美交流思维模式的差异 3. 浅析《灶神之妻》中的多元文化主义 4. 合作原则在英语商务信函中的应用 5. 透过“超女现象” 反思 美国大众文化对中国传统精英文化的影响 6. 浅析《飘》中女主角——斯佳丽女性主义发展的三个阶段 7. 从《绝望主妇》第一、二季看美国社会的平等观 8. 论《名利场》中萨克雷讽刺艺术的运用 9. 《喧哗与骚动》象征意象的分析 10. 当代美国个人主义价值观及其在美剧《超能英雄》中的反映 11. 中世纪西方__文化的繁荣 12. 从译者主体性角度比较Moment in Peking的两中文译本 13. 分析《远大前程》中郝维香小姐悲剧的成因 14. 论英语广告语中面子威胁行为的礼貌补救策略 15. 浅析中英茶文化差异 16. 合作原则的违反在网络聊天语言中的体现 17. 中英文文学作品中传统婚姻观念的对比
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容,下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板,希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语专业论文提纲范文
英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展,英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大,成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文,欢迎阅读!
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词:习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006
[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海:上海外语教学出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京:北京高等教育出版社, 2006
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束,毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板,希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
毕业 论文是高校大学生毕业前必须完成的教学任务,但论文选题工作则是毕业论文管理中的首要环节。下面是我带来的关于英语专业毕业论文选题 文化 的内容,欢迎阅读参考! 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(一) 1. 从拉康的镜像理论看杨克的悲剧根源 2. 从正负值面子理论简析中美面子差异 3. 中国菜名翻译中的文化翻译策略 4. 从旧南方到新南方——斯佳丽·奥哈拉在内战前后的成长历程 5. 探究家乐福公司的 企业文化 :基于其网站内容的文本分析 6. 汉语对 英语写作 词汇的负迁移作用 7. 《美国悲剧》的消费文化分析 8. 从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式 9. 礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用 10. 南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现 11. 城市公示语的汉译英探索 12. 归化与异化理论在汉语 歇后语 翻译中的应用 13. 《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇·亚当斯双性同体现象的研究 14. 论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存 15. 广告 语言模糊性的语用研究 16. 利用美剧进行 英语听力 自主学习 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(二) 1. 大学生 英语口语 学习动机研究 2. 从文化视角看中国白酒广告 3. 从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递 4. 对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究 5. 公示语汉译英错误及对策探析 6. 探究美国安利公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析 7. 运用写长法促进英语写作能力的提高 8. 中美“面子文化”对比分析 9. 英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析 10. 英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究 11. 新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析 12. 中美家庭文化比较 13. 从文化的角度浅析中美企业 人力资源管理 的差异 14. 华中农业大学英语专业学生高级 英语学习 状况调查 15. 跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议 16. 解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想 17. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义 18. 从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响 19. 对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(三) 1. 广告双关语的作用 2. 中美交流思维模式的差异 3. 浅析《灶神之妻》中的多元文化主义 4. 合作原则在英语商务信函中的应用 5. 透过“超女现象” 反思 美国大众文化对中国传统精英文化的影响 6. 浅析《飘》中女主角——斯佳丽女性主义发展的三个阶段 7. 从《绝望主妇》第一、二季看美国社会的平等观 8. 论《名利场》中萨克雷讽刺艺术的运用 9. 《喧哗与骚动》象征意象的分析 10. 当代美国个人主义价值观及其在美剧《超能英雄》中的反映 11. 中世纪西方__文化的繁荣 12. 从译者主体性角度比较Moment in Peking的两中文译本 13. 分析《远大前程》中郝维香小姐悲剧的成因 14. 论英语广告语中面子威胁行为的礼貌补救策略 15. 浅析中英茶文化差异 16. 合作原则的违反在网络聊天语言中的体现 17. 中英文文学作品中传统婚姻观念的对比
英语论文选题方向如下:
1、从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异;
2、论美国垮掉的一代;
3、美国牛仔的成功之路;
4、文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用;
5、跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子;
6、中西方饮食文化的对比研究;
7、西方节日的变迁及文化内涵;
8、电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异;
9、中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究;
10、英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵;
11、希腊神话对英美文化的影响;
12、英汉商标对英美文化的影响。
选题注意事项
1、选你自己感兴趣的题目,毕业论文是个浩大的工程,要是不能写自己想写的,相信我,在这漫长的写作时间里,你会相当痛苦的。
2、题目不能太大,也不能太小,否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如,我写喜福会这部电影,电影体现了中美文化差异,分别有婚姻观,家庭教育观等。
英语 文化 论文的题目是英语专业学生进行科学研究即 毕业 论文写作第一步,题目是论文的眼睛 ,是一篇 文章 写作的关键。下面是我带来的关于英语专业文化类毕业论文题目的内容,欢迎阅读参考!英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(一) 1. 浅析 议论文 语篇衔接词 2. 《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的形成与幻灭 3. 圆满的精神之旅——重新解读李尔王的一生 4. 商务谈判中模糊限制语的分析 5. 后殖民女性主义在《喜福会》中的体现 6. 论《卡斯特桥市长》的自然主义特色 7. 中西方茶文化比较 8. 隐喻在 商务英语 中的应用及翻译 9. 惠普公司和联想公司 企业文化 对比研究 10. 网络聊天室中网络语言的词汇构成特征 11. 迈克尔·翁达杰《英国病人》中的后殖民主义 12. 集体主义与个人主义——中美不同文化价值观的对比分析 13. 从文化的角度探讨英谚的翻译 14. 以黑人女性主义解析《日常用品》 15. 言语行为理论在公示语中的应用 英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(二) 1. 探究IBM公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析 2. 在中英文化背景下对隐喻的理解 3. 浅析汤姆·索亚性格特征 4. 交际教学法在中国英语教学中的运用 5. 浅析商品 说明书 的翻译 6. 从电影《花木兰》中看中美文化的嫁接 7. 从语言文化差异视角看英汉幽默翻译 8. 冰山下的真相——运用冰山原则分析海明威的《五万大洋》 9. 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响及谈判策略的选择 10. 美国 广告 语中的文化价值观探析 11. 论英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 12. 简述现代英语流行语 13. 从《毕业生》看美国六十年代的反文化运动 14. 中美商务谈判中的文化差异及语言策略 15. 浅析论英国工会在战后英国政治重建中的角色定位及其政治文化内涵 16. 新闻委婉语语用功能分析 英语专业文化类毕业论文题目(三) 1. 美国英语与英国英语语音及拼写之差异 2. 英汉词汇中色彩词的语义 3. 来源于地名的英语词汇的隐喻映射 4. 临沂方言对英语辅音音素发音的负迁移及方式 5. 汉英文字发音特点对比 6. 关联认知语境对话语标记语的解释 7. 英语重音看汉腔英语 8. 浅析中美反倾销法律及实践的差异 9. 中美 家庭 教育 的差异 10. 中美版权侵权行为结构的差异 11. 略论中美日韩学前情感教育之民族差异 12. 谈中美两国地学本科高等教育的几点差异 13. 贸易统计差异与中美贸易平衡问题 14. 中美刑法因果关系的差异 15. 略论中美日韩学前情感教育之民族差异 16. 跨文化交际中的中美文化差异 猜你喜欢: 1. 英语系文化类毕业论文 2. 本科英语专业毕业论文题目 3. 英语语言学论文题目参考大全 4. 英语专业毕业论文选题文化 5. 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题 6. 英语专业论文范文
选择的是文化方向,比较好写。
其实,翻译、教学法和语言学也不错。但是就我个人看来,语言学过于抽象,而且比较枯燥,虽然文献很多,但是能写出来的东西少。
如果在以前到处抄抄也就凑出来了。但是从今年起,本科生论文也得过查重系统,应届生发现抄袭直接开除的,历届生被发现将被取消学位。
教学法挺好的,文件也多,假如你是师范专业或者上过心理学、教育学、英语教学法、教育技术学,这个方向对你也是比较容易。翻译更好写,但是写不出来新意,这得你自己把握了。我认为最好写的是文化,一方面范围比较广,入手点多,参考文献多;另一方面可已经、有新意。综上文化、翻译、教学法是可以考虑的。
毕业论文(graduation study),按一门课程计,是普通中等专业学校、高等专科学校、本科院校、高等教育自学考试本科及研究生学历专业教育学业的最后一个环节,为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前总结性独立作业、撰写的论文。
从文体而言,它也是对某一专业领域的现实问题或理论问题进行 科学研究探索的具有一定意义的论文。一般安排在修业的最后一学年(学期)进行。
学生须在教师指导下,选定课题进行研究,撰写并提交论文。目的在于培养学生的科学研究能力;加强综合运用所学知识、理论和技能解决实际问题的训练;从总体上考查学生学习所达到的学业水平。
通过方式:
论文题目由教师指定或由学生提出,经教师同意确定。均应是本专业学科发展或实践中提出的理论问题和实际问题。
通过这一环节,应使学生受到有关科学研究选题,查阅、评述文献,制订研究方案,设计进行科学实验或社会调查,处理数据或整理调查结果,对结果进行分析、论证并得出结论,撰写论文等项初步训练。