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这么专业，还是靠自己吧
Logistics and transportation play a crucial role in today's world. They ensure that goods and products are efficiently transported from one location to another, whether it be across town or across the logistics industry is responsible for coordinating and managing the movement of goods, from the point of origin to the point of consumption. This can include everything from the transportation of raw materials to the distribution of finished logistics and transportation are essential for businesses to operate smoothly and efficiently. They can help to reduce costs and lead times, while also improving customer of the key challenges facing the logistics industry is the need to balance speed and cost. With the rise of e-commerce and the increasing demands of customers, there is a growing pressure to deliver goods quickly and efficiently. At the same time, businesses must also control their costs in order to remain meet these challenges, many companies are turning to technology to improve their logistics and transportation operations. This can include the use of sophisticated tracking systems, automated warehouses, and advanced transportation methods, such as drones and self-driving , the logistics and transportation industry plays a vital role in the global economy. As the demands and expectations of consumers continue to evolve, it will be important for companies to continue to innovate and adapt in order to meet these challenges and deliver goods and products in a timely and cost-effective manner.
In recent years， many newspapers and magazines focus on the activities of film stars， pop singers and some other famous men and women. Reporters disguise their identities， infiltrate the subject's business and family， or even bug and wiretap them——to get the news by whatever means are necessary. It is not difficult to explain the reason for their surprising amount of interest in famous people's lives. They are in the spotlight， renowned or notorious， they are the topic of ordinary people who like to know everything about them. To satisfy their curiosity， or “the people's right to know”， journalists often find it their duty to report their activities. More over， what matters to a newspaper or a magazine is the number of readers. A large readership means the rise in the circulation of their publications， hence a huge profit. Since film stars and pop singers are newsworthy figures， and their stories draws far more attention than those of other people， it is natural that the press tries to attract them to buy their magazines by featuring private lives of famous people. How ever， those exposed people can be severely injured by such press attention. Sensational stories about their private lives cause great unhappiness to them. To escape reporters， they can't even lead a normal life. Sometimes their lives will be in danger. For example， Princess Diana died in a car accident as she attempted to escape photographers in a chase through Paris. Famous people are also citizens. They have the right to keep their own privacy like ordinary people——the basic right which should be respected， protected and guaranteed by our laws in whatever circumstances.
Sir, We are *** Imp&Exp Co.,ltd. We planned to ship 1*20GP to Hungary at the end of this goods detail as below: description:shoes qty:600ctns (12000pairs) gross weight:10tons net weight: total cbm 29m^3 Pls inform us the exactly freight charge all in, and the suitable shipment schale date . Waiting for your early reply. Best regards Mr.*** *** Imp&Exp Co.,ltd TEL: FAX:
朋友们，以下是我对物流的理解：第一，物流是指为了满足客户的需求，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品或相关信息进行由商品的产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程， 物流是由物体的运输、配送、仓储、包装、搬运装卸、流通加工，以及相关的物流信息等环节构成的。物流活动的具体内容包括以下几个方面：用户服务、需求预测、定单处理、配送、存货控制、运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。第二：在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出：物流是物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机的结合。第三：物流中的“物”是物质资料世界中同时具备物质实体特点和可以进行物理性位移的那一部分物质资料，“流”是物理性运动，这种运动有其限定的含义，就是以地球为参照系，相对于地球而发生的物理性运动，称之为"位移"，流的范围可以是地理性的大范围，也可以是在同一地域 物流、同一环境中的微观运动，小范围位移，“物”和“流”的组合，是一种建立在自然运动基础上的高级的运动形式，其互相联系是在经济目的和实物之间，在军事目的和实物之间，甚至在某种社会目的和实物之间，寻找运动的规律。因此，物流不仅是上述限定条件下的“物”和“流”的组合，而更重要在于，是限定于军事、经济、社会条件下的组合，是从军事、经济、社会角度来观察物的运输，达到某种军事、经济、社会的要求。谢谢听众。 My friends, the following is my understanding: for logisticsFirst, logistics means to satisfy the needs of customers, with the lowest cost, transportation, storage and distribution by means such as raw materials, semi-finished products, achieve correlative information, products or by the location to commodities consumption to the planning, implementation and management of the whole process of an object that logistics is the transportation, distribution, storage, packaging, transportation and handling, circulation processing, and related logistic information such as link form. The logistics activity concrete contents include the following aspects: the user service, the demand forecast, order processing, distribution and inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, factories and warehouse layout and location, handling handling, procurement, packaging, intelligence : in our national standard "the definition of logistics term" points out that: logistics is from supplier to receive items to entity according to actual needs, flow process, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, circulation processing, distribution and information processing basic functions implementing the organic : the "content" of logistics is the material material world along with material object characteristics and can carry out physical displacement of that part of material goods, "flow" is physical sports, this movement has its limit, that is in the earth the meaning of relative to the earth, for reference and happen physical exercise, called "displacement", flow can range is ground rational large area, also can be in the same regional logisticsAnd the same environment the micro motion, on a small scale, "the thing" and displacement of the combination of "flow", is an established on the basis of the natural movement, the senior forms of exercise is connected with each other in economic purpose and material between, between the military purposes and material, even in a social purpose and physical, looking for the movement rule between. Therefore, logistics is not only under the condition of the limit "the thing" and "flow" combination, but more important is, is limited to military, economic and social conditions, the combination from the military, economic and social Angle to observe things transportation, and achieve some military, economic, and social for the audience.
楼上这位的英文文献是google华文文献而来的，很不通顺。。。电子商务环境下物流配送Logistics Distribution under E-business Environment 楼上译成了E-business environment under the logistics and distribution 电子商务环境下的物流配送摘要：本文从阐述电子商务与物流配送的相互关系出发，就如何建立与我国国情发展相适应的物流配送模式，降低物流成本，提高配送效率，解决配送问题进行探讨。 关键词：电子商务；物流配送；第三方物流 在互联网技术的不断发展及全球电子商务大环境的引导下，跨国物流和跨区域物流更加频繁，对物流的需求也更加强烈。但电子商务在我国的发展却具有其不成熟性的特点，物流基础设施及技术水平落后,供应商(或制造商)以及客户之间没有形成供应链,配送效率低下,所以电子商务要在中国继续发展必须解决——"物流瓶颈"。 一、电子商务与物流配送 电子商务是在Internet开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器的应用方式，实现消费者的网上购物、企业之间的网上交易和在线电子支付的一种新型的交易方式。电子商务与传统商务本质区别，就是它以数字化网络为基础进行商品、货币和服务交易，目的在于减少信息社会的商业中间环节，缩短周期，降低成本，提高经营效率，提高服务质量，使企业有效地参与竞争。 物流配送定位在为电子商务的客户提供服务，根据电子商务的特点，对整个物流配送体系实行统一的信息管理和调度，按照用户订货要求，在物流基地进行理货工作，并将配好的货物送交收货人的一种物流方式。这一先进的、优化的流通方式对流通企业提高服务质量、降低物流成本、优化社会库存配置，从而提高企业的经济效益及社会效益具有重要意义。 二、电子商务环境下的物流配送模式 发展现代物流配送，是转变经济增长方式，促进经济增长由粗放型向集约型转变的需要。过去我国长期实行计划经济体制，几乎每个工业企业都建立了仓库、车队负责包装、运输等业务，大而全、小而全、粗放管理问题比较突出，造成企业原材料和产成品库存过大，占压大量资金；自备仓储和自备运输利用率低，成本过高；销售配送体系不健全，产品实体分配效率不能满足售后和服务要求。市场经济条件下，企业要在激烈的竞争中站稳脚跟，必须集中精力发展其核心业务，对传统的物流管理模式进行改革，提高物流管理的社会化和组织程度，变粗放管理为集约经营，才能使企业真正适应市场经济的发展。 发展现代物流配送，是适应加入WTO，提高企业市场竞争能力的需要。目前世界上大多数地区，约1／3的物流运作是承包给第三方的，发达国家甚至达5－8成。而我国的物流服务行业竞争力很弱，没有形成一定的规模优势和资本优势，服务质量与国外企业相比也存在着很大差距。加入WTO后，根据协议，我国将进一步开放物流服务行业，国外成熟的物流企业会大举进入我国，因此，面对经济全球化趋势和我国加入WTO的挑战，实施物流改造，发展现代物流配送是企业参与竞争，赢得竞争优势的必然选择。 在电子商务条件下，构建我国物流配送体系，可以有以下三种模式：一是电子商务与传统商务共用一套物流系统；二是由电子商务企业组建自己的物流系统；三是电子商务企业将所有的物流业务以外包的形式委托第三方物流企业运作。所谓第三方物流是指根据供应商或销售商的委托，由供应商和销售商以外的第三方负责对物流的中间环节进行有效管理，提供从货源供应到最终商品销售之间的全方位物流服务。鉴于发达国家的成功经验和目前我国物流业的发展状况，我认为，委托第三方物流企业运作是我国电子商务企业最理想的物流模式。其理由如下： （1）物流通常不是大多数的电子商务企业的核心业务，电子商务企业把物流业务运作外包于第三方物流企业，可以把资源集中在自身的核心竞争力业务上，以获取最大的投资回报。 （2）第三方物流企业拥有发达的物流网络和针对不同物流市场的专业能力，包括运输、仓储和其它增值服务，同时第三方物流企业还拥有信息技术，他们与独立的软件供应商结盟或者开发了内部信息系统，这使其能够最大限度地利用运输和分销网络，有效进行跨运输方式的货物追踪。 （3）第三方物流企业具有规模经济优势。由于其可以从运输商那里大批量购买运输能力，然后集中配载许多客户的货物，大幅度降低单位运输成本。 （4）通过“共享租用”模型，多个电子商务企业可以共享分发和售后服务。外包也缓和了内部物流执行并减少建造和装备仓库。内部完成电子物流费用高，耗时多，并且由于不具备第三方的专业技术，许多公司会严重损害花很多时间建立的客户关系。 诚然，第三方物流企业的运作不仅要针对生产厂家能否合理经营并优化库存结构，还要针对客户，保证商品来源于最佳路线，以切实降低物流成本，提高产品附加值，同时真正使客户省钱，省力，省时。 三、我国发展第三方物流应注意的问题 （1）物流业务的范围不断扩大。商业机构和各大公司面对日趋激烈的竞争不得不将主要经理放在核心业务，将运输、仓储等相关业务环节交由更专业的物流企业进行操作，以求节约和高效；同时，物流企业为提高服务质量，也在不断拓宽业务范围，提供配套服务。 （2）提供客户定制的物流服务。很多成功的物流企业根据第一方、第二方的谈判条款，分析比较自理的操作成本和代理费用，灵活运用自理和代理两种方式。 （3）物流产业的发展潜力巨大，具有广阔的发展前景。长期以来，由于受计划经济的影响，我国物流社会化程度低，物流管理混乱，机构多元化，物资、商业、经贸、交通、建设等部门均有各自的物流系统。这种分散的多元化物流格局，导致社会化大生产、专业化流通的集约化经营优势难以发挥，规模经营、规模效益难以实现，设施利用率低，布局不合理，重复建设，资金浪费严重。由于利益冲突及信息不通畅等原因，造成余缺物资不能及时调配，大量物资滞留在流通领域，造成资金沉淀，产生大量库存费用。另外，我国物流企业与物流组织的总体水平低，设备陈旧，损失率大，效率低，运输能力严重不足，形成了瓶颈，制约了物流的发展。 在电子商务飞速发展的21世纪，谁掌握了物流和配送，谁就掌握了市场。建立电子商务模式下的物流配送体系，客观上需要那种放网全国，点指世界超强的物流服务企业。当前，我国的一些传统物流企业（如，中远，中外运等）应积极加大市场调研和开拓力度，加大与跨国公司、大型制造商等行业企业以及与连锁、超市零售行业等的合作，与其建立伙伴关系，为其提供一体化的物流配送服务，并尽快发展电子商务，从而提供高质量的、高水平的电子商务环境下的现代物流配送服务，为我国建立良好的现代配送机制贡献自身的一份力量。 参考文献： 《中国物流与采购》 《我国物流企业如何迎接电子商务》 张铎 《电子商务配送问题浅析》 关洪杰、
物流管理的定义 物流管理（Logistics Management）是指在社会再生产过程中，根据物质资料实体流动的规律，应用管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。现代物流管理是建立在系统论、信息论和控制论的基础上的。 物流管理主要有4个特点 （1）以实现客户满意为第一目标； （2）以企业整体最优为目的； （3）以信息为中心； （4）重效率更重效果。 实施物流管理的目的 实施物流管理的目的就是要在尽可能最低的总成本条件下实现既定的客户服务水平，即寻求服务优势和成本优势的一种动态平衡，并由此创造企业在竞争中的战略优势。根据这个目标，物流管理要解决的基本问题，简单地说，就是把合适的产品以合适的数量和合适的价格在合适的时间和合适的地点提供给客户。 物流管理强调运用系统方法解决问题。现代物流通常被认为是由运输、存储、包装、装卸、流通加工、配送和信息诸环节构成。各环节原本都有各自的功能、利益和观念。系统方法就是利用现代管理方法和现代技术，使各个环节共享总体信息，把所有环节作为一个一体化的系统来进行组织和管理，以使系统能够在尽可能低的总成本条件下，提供有竞争优势的客户服务。系统方法认为，系统的效益并不是它们各个局部环节效益的简单相加。系统方法意味着，对于出现的某一个方面的问题，要对全部的影响因素进行分析和评价。从这一思想出发，物流系统并不简单地追求在各个环节上各自的最低成本，因为物流各环节的效益之间存在相互影响、相互制约的倾向，存在着交替易损的关系。比如过分强调包装材料的节约，就可能因其易于破损造成运输和装卸费用的上升。因此，系统方法强调要进行总成本分析，以及避免次佳效应和成本权衡应用的分析，以达到总成本最低，同时满足既定的客户服务水平的目的。 物流管理的发展经历 物流管理的发展经历了配送管理、物流管理和供应链管理3个层次。物流管理起源于第二次世界大战中军队输送物资装备所发展出来的储运模式和技术。在战后这些技术被广泛应用于工业界，并极大地提高了企业的运作效率，为企业赢得更多客户。当时的物流管理主要针对企业的配送部分，即在成品生产出来后，如何快速而高效地经过配送中心把产品送达客户，并尽可能维持最低的库存量。美国物流管理协会那时叫做实物配送管理协会，而加拿大供应链与物流管理协会则叫做加拿大实物配送管理协会。在这个初级阶段，物流管理只是在既定数量的成品生产出来后，被动地去迎合客户需求，将产品运到客户指定的地点，并在运输的领域内去实现资源最优化使用，合理设置各配送中心的库存量。准确地说，这个阶段物流管理并未真正出现，有的只是运输管理、仓储管理和库存管理。物流经理的职位当时也不存在，有的只是运输经理或仓库经理。 现代意义上的物流管理出现在20世纪80年代。人们发现利用跨职能的流程管理的方式去观察、分析和解决企业经营中的问题非常有效。通过分析物料从原材料运到工厂，流经生产线上每个工作站，产出成品，再运送到配送中心，最后交付给客户的整个流通过程，企业可以消除很多看似高效率却实际上降低了整体效率的局部优化行为。因为每个职能部门都想尽可能地利用其产能，没有留下任何富余，一旦需求增加，则处处成为瓶颈，导致整个流程的中断。又比如运输部作为一个独立的职能部门，总是想方设法降低其运输成本，但若其因此而将一笔必须加快的订单交付海运而不是空运，这虽然省下了运费，却失去了客户，导致整体的失利。所以传统的垂直职能管理已不适应现代大规模工业化生产，而横向的物流管理却可以综合管理每一个流程上的不同职能，以取得整体最优化的协同作用。 在这个阶段，物流管理的范围扩展到除运输外的需求预测、采购、生产计划、存货管理、配送与客户服务等，以系统化管理企业的运作，达到整体效益的最大化。高德拉特所著的《目标》一书风靡全球制造业界，其精髓就是从生产流程的角度来管理生产。相应地，美国实物配送管理协会在20世纪80年代中期改名为美国物流管理协会，而加拿大实物配送管理协会则在1992年改名为加拿大物流管理协会。 一个典型的制造企业，其需求预测、原材料采购和运输环节通常叫做进向物流，原材料在工厂内部工序间的流通环节叫做生产物流，而配送与客户服务环节叫做出向物流。物流管理的关键则是系统管理从原材料、在制品到成品的整个流程，以保证在最低的存货条件下，物料畅通的买进、运入、加工、运出并交付到客户手中。对于有着高效物流管理的企业的股东而言，这意味着以最少的资本做出最大的生意，产生最大的投资回报。 国网提示：如果认为我们提供的本词条还有不当的地方欢迎批评指正。【物流的概念】 解释一： 物流是指为了满足客户的需要，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品及相关信息由商品的产地到商品的消费地所进行的计划、实施和管理的全过程。 物流构成：商品的运输、配送、仓储、包装、搬运装卸、流通加工，以及相关的物流信息等环节。 物流活动的具体内容包括以下几个方面：用户服务、需求预测、定单处理、配送、存货控制、运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。 解释二： 在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出：物流是“物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。” 解释三： 物流中的“物”是物质资料世界中同时具备物质实体特点和可以进行物理性位移的那一部分物质资料。“流”是物理性运动，这种运动有其限定的含义，就是以地球为参照系，相对于地球而发生的物理性运动，称之为"位移"。流的范围可以是地理性的大范围，也可以是在同一地域、同一环境中的微观运动，小范围位移。“物”和“流”的组合，是一种建立在自然运动基础上的高级的运动形式。其互相联系是在经济目的和实物之间，在军事目的和实物之间，甚至在某种社会目的和实物之间，寻找运动的规律。因此，物流不仅是上述限定条件下的“物”和“流”的组合，而更重要在于，是限定于军事、经济、社会条件下的组合，是从军事、经济、社会角度来观察物的运输，达到某种军事、经济、社会的要求。 解释四： stream ：在化工生产过程中，需要进行化学或物理变化的物料常常以气态或液态参与生产过程，并以管道输送，这样参与过程的原料、中间产物、产品等称为物流。在连续操作过程中不断地加入或排出的固体物料也可称为物流。 The definition of logistics management Logistics Management (Logistics Management) is in the process of social reproduction, according to the material flow of information entities, the application of the basic principles of management and the scientific method, the logistics activities of planning, organization, command, coordination, control and supervision, so that all Logistics activities to achieve the best possible coordination and cooperation in order to reduce logistics costs and enhance logistics efficiency and economic benefits. Modern logistics management system is built on the theory, information theory, cybernetics and on the basis of. Logistics Management has four major characteristics of (1) in order to achieve customer satisfaction as the first target; (2) to enterprises as a whole for the purpose of optimal; (3) with information as the center; (4) more emphasis on efficient results. The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers. Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspect of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. Starting from this idea, the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes. The development of logistics management experience The development of logistics management has experienced distribution management, logistics management and supply chain management three levels. Logistics management originated in World War II military transport supplies and equipment developed by the storage and transportation modes and technologies. After the war, these technologies are widely used in industry, and greatly improve the operational efficiency of enterprises, for enterprises to win more customers. At that time, logistics management, aimed at the distribution of the finished product that is produced, how fast and efficient products through distribution centers to serve customers, and as far as possible to maintain a minimum inventory. Logistics Management Association of the United States at that time called the Physical Distribution Management Association and the Canadian supply chain and logistics management is called the Canadian Association of Physical Distribution Management Association. In this initial stage, logistics management is the established number of products produced by, passively to meet the needs of customers, products will be transported to the designated locations, and in the field of transport to achieve the most optimal use of resources, a reasonable set of distribution Center inventory. Rather, this stage of logistics management has not really there, there are only transportation management, warehousing management and inventory management. Logistics manager positions do not exist at that time, there are only the manager or warehouse manager. Modern sense of logistics management in the 1980s. People find that the use of cross-functional process management approach to observe, analyze and solve business problems in the very effective. By analyzing the material from raw materials shipped to factories and production lines running through each workstation, product output, and then transported to distribution centers, the final delivery to customers throughout the circulation process, enterprises can eliminate a lot of high-efficiency appears to have actually reduced Optimize the overall efficiency of the local acts. Because everyone wants to functional departments as far as possible use of its capacity, left no surplus, once the increased demand, everywhere a bottleneck, resulting in the suspension of the entire process. For instance the Ministry of Transport as a separate functional departments, always trying to reduce their transport costs, but its result will be a need to speed up the delivery of orders rather than shipping by air, although this saved the freight, it lost customers, resulting in The overall loss. Therefore, the traditional vertical management functions no longer suited to modern large-scale industrial production, and horizontal logistics management can be integrated management of each process on the different functions, in order to get the overall optimization of synergies. At this stage, to expand the scope of logistics management in addition to transport, the demand forecasts, procurement, production planning, inventory management, distribution and customer service, so as to systematic management of the operation of enterprises, to maximize the overall efficiency. Goldratt's The "goal" in a sweep of the global manufacturing industry, its essence is from the perspective of the production process to manage the production. Accordingly, the Physical Distribution Management Association of the United States in the mid-1980s changed its name to the United States Logistics Management Association, Canada and the Physical Distribution Management Association in 1992 changed its name to the Canadian Association of Logistics Management. A typical manufacturing enterprise, its demand forecasts, purchase of raw materials and transport links are usually called into the logistics and raw materials in the factory processes within the logistics supply chain called the production, distribution and customer service link called out to the logistics. Logistics management is the key systems management from raw materials, finished products to the entire process to ensure that the lowest inventory conditions, the flow of buying materials, imported, processed, shipped out and delivered to the customer. For a highly efficient logistics management companies shareholders, this means that the capital to at least make the most of the business, produce the greatest return on investment. State Net: If we think of this term is also available in inappropriate places welcome criticism correction. [] The concept of logistics One explanation: Logistics is that in order to meet customer needs, the lowest cost, through the transport, storage, distribution, etc., and raw materials, semi-finished products, finished goods and related information from the origin to the consumption of goods and conducted by the planning, implementation and management of the The entire process. Logistics form: the transport of goods, distribution, warehousing, packing, loading and unloading handling, circulation processing, logistics and related information, and other areas. The specific content of logistics activities, including the following areas: customer service and demand forecasts, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transport, storage management, factories and warehouses and the layout of the site, removal handling, procurement, packaging, intelligence and information. Explanation 2: China's national standards, "the logistics of terms" that the definition of: logistics is "items from the suppliers to receive and process flow of the entity, according to actual needs, transportation, storage, handling, transport, packaging and distribution processing, distribution, information processing , And other basic functions of the organic integration. " Three explanations: The logistics of the "objects" is material information in the world along with material entities can be physical characteristics and the displacement of that part of material information. "Flow" is the physical movement, such movement has its limited meaning, that is, for the reference to the Earth in relation to the earth and the physical movement, known as "displacement." The scope of flow can be rational and large-scale, may also be in the same area, the micro-environment of the same movement, small-scale displacement. "Objects" and "flow" of the combination is a natural movement built on the basis of the senior forms of exercise. Their mutual ties in the economic objective and in-kind between the military and in-kind, and even in certain social objectives and in-kind between the movement to find the laws. Therefore, logistics is not only the qualification of "objects" and "flow" of the portfolio, but more important is that is limited to the military, economic and social conditions under the portfolio, is from the military, economic and social point of view of observation Transport, to achieve some kind of military, economic, social requirements. 4 explained: stream: in the chemical production process, the need for chemical or physical changes of materials, often in gaseous or liquid involved in the production process, and piped, to participate in this process of raw materials, intermediate products, products known as logistics. In continuous operation in the process of constantly adding or from the solid material can also known as logistics.
请问,这个文献的作者是谁啊
随着全球经济一体化趋势的加强，加入WTO后跨国公司的迅速增长，国际物流需求将会有很大的增长，这必将促进第三方物流的迅速发展。下面是我为大家整理的物流论文，供大家参考。
一、地方本科院校物流管理专业实践教学SWOT分析
1劣势分析
协同创新不足。由于地方院校和政府、院所以及企业的协同不足，实践教学开展困难。一方面，地方高校服务地方和企业的能力有限;另一方面，地方资源有限。一般地方很少有规模较大的物流企业。
核心竞争力缺乏。地方高校受其自身层次和地域性特征的影响，在与全国重点高校的竞争中处于不利地位，学生素质有差距。同时和职业技术学院的学生相比，实践能力又比较欠缺。所以在人才市场竞争中处于不利地位。人才培养未形成具有特色的核心竞争力。
实践师资队伍缺乏。人才队伍引进的重点是院校毕业的高学历人才，注重科学研究水平忽视实践水平。教师队伍的培训力度和针对性不够，教学能力不能完全适应应用型人才培养要求，特别是实践创新教学能力不足。另外由于政策的导向，教师自身普遍对实践能力的提升不够重视。
2机会分析
高等教育得到广泛关注。在当今知识经济的大背景下和国家科教兴国的战略下，高等教育受到了前所未有的重视。地方政府也意识到高等教育是地方经济发展的助推力，而且地方高校也是本着服务地方的理念而成立的，更能够得到地方政府的支持。另外，据调查，“子女教育”一直都是中国居民投资意向和储蓄目的的第一位[1]。这为地方高校的发展提供了很好的宏观环境。
人才需求。随着社会经济的发展，对较高层次人才的需求越来越旺盛。事实证明，既有理论基础又有较强实践能力的本科生是最符合企业需求的。很多企业都反映专科生基础太薄弱，素质亟待提高。这也为地方本科院校培养高层次应用性人才提供了市场需求。而且我国物流业发展迅速，物流管理人才紧缺，市场需求旺盛。
3威胁分析
地方高校面临来自多方面的威胁：重点院校、职业教育学院、同类院校等。地方高校不具备重点院校的“名牌效应”，也没有职业学院的实践条件，而层次相当的同类院校数量众多。地方本科院校因为多与重点大学办学定位向相似，已面临就业率低、就业质量不高的生存窘状。随着就业压力的不断增大，市场对人才水平要求的提高，学生对教学质量的要求也越来越高，尤其是实践教学方面。若不能满足学生和市场的要求，就会失去市场竞争力。
二、策略分析及发展对策建议
地方高校应充分抓住发展机遇，利用自身优势，培育核心竞争力，进而形成品牌优势。地方高校品牌优势的形成必须立足地方、服务地方，根据自己的区位优势，找准定位，确定学校发展和建设的重点，进一步凝练为地方服务的特色，形成品牌，从而提升学校综合实力[2]。地方高校要建立健全校企协同培养机制，就要依托政府和行业组织建立校企合作领导小组，为校企深度合作对接提供政策和组织保障。并积极寻求企业的支持与合作，加强实践教学基地建设，为应用型人才培养提供坚强保证。地方物流资源有限的情况下应积极开展和邻近大城市资源的整合。强化实践教学师资队伍。完善人才引进机制，要把实践经验看作一项重要的条件。加强对现任教师的培训，强化教师企业实践锻炼制度，使其尽快向双师型教师转变。地方高校的物流管理专业只要充分发挥和强化自身优势，改善劣势，抓住发展机遇，与政府、行业、企业形成良好的协同创新机制，未来发展空间还是很大的。通过提升实践教学能力，可以向社会输送大量合格的高层次物流应用型人才。
1电子商务与物流配送实现协同发展的良好途径
提高认识，强化软硬件的基础设施建设
要想实现电子商务与物流配送的协同发展，就要不断地提高思想认识，对各种软硬件基础设施进行必要的建设。首先，电子商务可谓是商业领域内一次新的革命，而现代物流则是物流领域内的一次重要改革，相关政府要根据具体的发展情况，在与企业进行通力合作的前提下，共同建设电子信息化的环境，政府要在信息网络、航空、铁路和公路等方面给予大量的资金支持和政策保障，逐步构建与形成一个尽可能覆盖全社会的信息网络与交通网络，为电子商务和物流配送的合理化发展提供更加良好的社会环境。其次，企业要结合现实的发展情况以及未来的发展走向，借助于信息网络的力量进行商贸活动，为客户提供更加便捷、高效的服务，同时要构建符合网络时代发展要求的新型企业营销模式，在更大的程度上提高企业的经济效益和社会效益，促进电子商务与现代物流配送的协同发展进程;再次，要进一步建立健全相应的法律保障体系，根据我国的国情，制定专用于规范与完善电子商务与物流配送协同发展的法律和规定，包括完善市场准入原则、消费者合法权益保护、保险与税收、信息安全保护与网络管理、物流标准化建设等内容，运用法律的手段和方式严惩那些恶意窃取他人的机密信息、违反商业道德等不良行为，为市场秩序的完善提供更扎实的保障。
建立以信息化为依托的网络信息平台
构建信息化为核心和依托的网络信息平台，有利于为电子商务与物流配送的协同发展提供更多的活力源泉。具体来说，搭建相应的信息平台，就是借助于互联网的作用，对企业的相关业务流程进行重新设计，电子商务是物流、商流、信息流与资金流的高度互动、融合与对称，信息流与商务活动的发展信息相关，督促和引导着商务活动的良性发展，而现代物流是商流继续的保证，是商务活动中实际性物资流通的过程，也需要信息流的整合与支持。在各个环节层层联系的现代物流的进程中，虚拟性的路径与场景将相应的操作程序进行简化，在更大的空间范围内减少了工作的误差和失误，促使每个环节之间所存在的停顿时间都进一步的降低，提高了工作的效率和质量。与此同时，现代物流朝着更加柔性化、网络化、自动化和信息化的方向发展，需要科学合理的传输系统和信息处理模式，才能更加准确、快速地获得配售的货物跟踪信息以及销售的反馈信息，促使物流企业能够根据最新的实时动态去调整工作模式和细节，为企业服务水平的提高奠定扎实的基础，同时也提高了电子商务的质量与效率，在尽可能地降低成本的情况下赢得更多客户的青睐与支持。
制订一套顺应电子商务和物流配送协同发展的可行性方案
要结合不同的消费者的收入、地理分布以及需求偏好等各种条件的差异，对销售的区域进行合理的定位，对于情况不同的销售区域进行差别性的物流服务的政策，以便减少流通中不必要的成本浪费;要对销售的品种进行认真、合理的筛选，限制品种的必要范围，选择最适合自身发展模式的销售商品，再派遣专业的人员对配送的细节进行精心的设计与完善，要考虑到送货频率、库存的可供性、订货的状况信息、反应细节等因素。与此同时，要结合电子商务的服务提供商的差异，在取长补短的前提下实现供应链的集成，在共同合作的情况下向消费者提供相应的电子商务服务;要进一步通过合理的技术和手段，对库存进行合理的控制，对相应的历史数据、实时数据等进行必要的分析，从而确定合理范围内的库存，在进一步降低成本的基础上进一步完善配送的手段与结算的方式。需要注意的是，一套可行性方案的制订需要专业人员的参与，这就必然要求物流人才综合素质的提升，相关企业要加快培育电子商务、物流领域的专业人才的培养，通过专题会议、主题性的拓展训练活动、推荐优秀人员外出深造、邀请社会专家前来指导等多种多样的手段，在此进程中要注重加强对相关人员的考核工作，从而培育既懂电子商务知识又通晓现代物流理论与技术的高素质人才，在多层次、多方面的培育与教育活动中为电子商务与物流配送的发展提供更多优秀的人才。
2结论
E-business environment under the logistics and distributionAbstract: e-commerce under the logistics and distribution will help reduce production business inventories and accelerate capital turnover, enhance logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, and stimulate the social needs and is conducive to the whole community's macro-control and promote the healthy operation of the market economy and electronic Business to develop in depth. Key words: e-commerce distributionFirst, China's development of logistics distribution E-commerce logistics entity is the core issue of the distribution items. China, as a developing country, the logistics industry to its late start, low level, the introduction of e-commerce, e-commerce did not have to support the activities of the modern logistics level. However, since e-commerce in China to settle down, people did not stop distribution of the discussion. At present, China mainly three types of e-commerce distribution model, is a full distribution system, that is, the domestic Internet-based, to various regions of the country's logistics system has been linked by agreement, a comprehensive distribution network for the entire process straight . The second category is a regional system of a single business model. Partial to the original business of a single regional distribution site for the base and be integrated, similar to a single business to business services, computer networking, the entire system of networking, and automated management. The third category is professional distribution system of the model. Such as postal communications, railway transport, air, water, Qiyun and other departments have been the perfect use of the national transport network resources to carry out specialized distribution. From across the country, China has long been subject to the impact of the planned economy, low levels of social logistics, logistics management system confusion, the existing three categories of e-commerce distribution model is not yet ripe, efficiency is not high, but in the red. Therefore, the need for China's economic development, enterprise reform and development of e-commerce logistics and distribution, learn from developed countries through the road and experience from China in 1992 began a logistics distribution center of the experimental work. In 1996 the Internal Trade issued "on strengthening the commercial development of logistics distribution center construction work of the notice," pointed out the development and construction of logistics distribution center the importance of the proposed development and construction of the guiding ideology and principle, put forward the "mechanisms and intensive Management, improve the function of the development of the logistics and enhance strength "of the reform and development principles, to establish modern logistics distribution center to change the social construction of logistics distribution centers, the development of modern network as the main direction. Second, China's logistics and distribution patterns and problems of At present, China's increased the number of e-commerce sites, transactions involving goods of daily necessities and other non-consumables, and on its e-commerce distribution model, can be divided into three types, namely operating BtoB (business to business) business model, BtoC (Business to consumers) model and the virtual logistics company model, in practice, although these three models get the recognition and application of common, but in e-commerce and distribution of convergence and optimal operation, there are still many problems, reflected in concrete : China's current social low level of information networks, network infrastructure is relatively weak, especially as e-commerce platform for the delivery and billing infrastructure lags behind, the computer penetration rate low rate of Internet users only about 8 percent and are mainly concentrated in major cities , The use of Internet users in the real rate of online shopping less than percent, electronic shopping credit has not been widely recognized. The understanding of the importance of e-commerce logistics enough. Availability of the overall level of enterprise network low ratio of less than Internet companies, logistics enterprise information construction lagged behind, logistics and distribution of specialization, social, electronic, modern low level. There have been serious problems of poor business reputation, late delivery, delivery or do not send the wrong frequent phenomenon. E-commerce logistics infrastructure is not yet perfect, logistics systems theory is not enough, the logistics technology is still very backward, China's logistics workers and practice the theory of modern logistics of the new theories, new technologies, such as integrated supply chain management, third party logistics, automation Warehouse, automatic sorting system, global positioning system (GPS), and so has just contacted. Jidong of the lack of e-commerce and e-commerce technology has practical experience in human resources, in particular the lack of Jidong e-commerce and logistics distribution to understand the innovative spirit of the compound talents. Third, logistics and healthy development of the countermeasure 1. Enhance the degree of information. Distribution of information for performance: the logistics of the database of information collection and code, the logistics of the electronic information processing and computer, the transmission of information and the standardization of real-time logistics information such as the digital storage. Therefore, the bar-code technology, database technology, electronic ordering system, electronic data exchange, radio frequency technology, management information systems, enterprise resource planning, and other advanced management strategy should be in China's logistics and distribution enterprises to promote use. Information is all modern technology and management tools of the foundation, only to achieve distribution of information can take up to the era of e-commerce distribution industry and historic task. 2. Improve the logistics management system, improve service quality. Internet shopping for the delivery time is too long and has yet to supply the phenomenon as e-commerce company in order to better serve customers, suppliers and customers should be strengthened between the exchange of information and feedback. This will save users to order processing fees, users can also save time and gradually raise awareness of online shopping sense of trust, making good steady development of e-commerce. 3. Distribution lower prices. China's large-scale development of e-commerce online shopping has been difficult, logistics and distribution costs high, especially in the type of Internet transactions, for each client to achieve door-to-door is the high cost, we must work hard to reduce costs, e-commerce solution Logistics and distribution companies and distribution services among enterprises in the prices of contradictions. 4. Perfect laws and policies. E-commerce for the logistics and distribution problems, the relevant government departments should actively study the characteristics of e-commerce, the rapid development of targeted laws, regulations and policies to regulate e-commerce activities, enterprises and consumers in general to increase the confidence of e-commerce Flu. 5. Actively developing third-party logistics enterprises. "TPL" refers to the logistics business from the supply side and demand-side beyond the completion of a third party, in a sense that it is a form of logistics professionalism, "third-party logistics" in logistics management experience, Talent, technology, philosophy and other areas have certain advantages, the e-commerce transactions in both supply and demand of all the logistics activities of agent credentials, well-funded third-party logistics, the logistics can take full advantage of modern technology, is built on the foundation of modern information network technology On the logistics management software to ensure that customers at any time and any place check of goods and provision of supporting services, e-commerce transactions between the parties involved in the logistics can be entrusted to professional logistics enterprises, concentrate on developing the electronics market and business efficiency of the e-commerce BtoB transactions. The establishment of a national logistics public information platform, the development of 4PL. 4PL is a supply chain integrator, mobilization and management organizations and their complementarity of the service provider's resources, capacity and technology to provide an integrated supply chain solutions. Clearly, 4PL must meet three conditions: not the interests of the logistics side, to achieve information sharing, the ability to integrate all the logistics resources. And really meet these conditions, only a virtual network of platforms, and this is the logistics and public information platform. It provides comprehensive supply chain solutions to social integration of logistics resources, enhance the country's logistics industry integrated collaborative capabilities.电子商务环境下的物流配送摘要：电子商务下的物流配送既有利于减少生产企业库存，加速资金周转，提高物流效率，降低物流成本，又刺激了社会需求，有利于整个社会的宏观调控，促进市场经济的健康运行及电子商务向纵深发展。关键词：电子商务 物流 配送一、我国物流配送发展概况 电子商务物流的核心问题是实体物品的配送。我国作为一个发展中国家，物流业起步较晚，水平低，在引进电子商务时，并不具备能够支持电子商务活动的现代化物流水平。但自从电子商务在中国落户，人们就没有停止对物流配送问题的讨论。目前，我国主要有三类电子商务物流配送模式，一类是全程物流配送系统，即以国内互联网为基础，把全国各地区已有的物流系统通过协议联系起来，形成全方位的全程直投配送网。第二类是区域性单一业务系统改造模式。以原有局部区域性单一业务的配送站点为基础，并加以集成，把单一业务改为同类业务服务，通过计算机联网，实现整个系统的网络化、自动化管理。第三类是专业化配送系统改造模式。如邮政通讯、铁运、空运、水运、汽运等部门利用已有的完善的全国性运输网络资源进行专业化配送。从全国范围来看，我国长期以来受计划经济的影响，物流社会化程度低，物流管理体制混乱，已有的三类电子商务物流配送模式还不成熟，效率不高，而且处于亏损状态。因此，针对我国经济发展需要、企业改革及电子商务物流配送发展现状，借鉴发达国家走过的道路和经验，我国从1992年起开始了物流配送中心的试点工作。1996年原国内贸易部发出了《关于加强商业物流配送中心发展建设工作的通知》，指出了发展建设物流配送中心的重要意义，提出发展建设的指导思想和原则，同时提出了“转换机制、集约经营、完善功能、发展物流、增强实力”的改革与发展方针，确定以向现代化物流配送中心转变，建设社会化的物流配送中心，发展现代化网络为主要方向。 二、我国物流配送模式及存在的问题 目前我国电子商务网站数量大增，交易商品涉及日用品及其他非易耗品等，就其电子商务物流配送模式而言，可分为三种类型，分别是经营BtoB（商家对商家）业务的模式、BtoC（商家对消费者）的模式以及虚拟物流公司模式，在实践中这三种模式虽然得到共同的认同与应用，但在电子商务与物流配送的接轨和优化运行上还存在许多问题，具体体现在： 中国目前的社会信息网络化水平低，网络基础设施相对薄弱，特别是作为电子商务平台的传递和结算基础设施滞后，计算机普及率低，网民比率只有8%左右，并主要集中在各大中城市，网民中真正采用网上购物的比率不到，电子购物的信用没有得到广泛认同。 对电子商务物流的重要性认识不够。供货企业网络化整体水平低，上网企业比率不足，物流企业信息化建设滞后，物流配送的专业化、社会化、电子化、现代化程度低。 存在严重的商业信誉差的问题，迟送、送错或不送现象时有发生。 电子商务物流基础尚不完善，物流理论还不够系统，物流技术还很落后，我国物流理论工作者和实践者对现代物流的新理论、新技术，如集成化供应链管理、第三方物流、自动化立体仓库、全自动分拣系统、全球定位系统（GPS）等才刚刚接触。 缺乏既懂电子商务理论和技术又有电子商务实践经验人才，尤其缺乏既懂电子商务又懂物流配送的有创新精神的复合型人才。三、物流配送健康发展的对策 1.提高信息化程度。物流配送信息化表现为：物流信息收集的数据库化和代码化、物流信息处理的电子化和计算机化、信息传递的标准化和实时化、物流信息存储的数字化等。因此,条码技术、数据库技术、电子订货系统、电子数据交换、射频技术、管理信息系统、企业资源计划等先进的管理策略，应在我国的物流配送企业大力推广运用。信息化是一切现代技术和管理手段的基础，只有实现物流配送信息化,才能承担起电子商务时代赋予物流配送业的历史任务。 2.完善物流管理系统功能,提高售后服务质量。针对网上购物出现的送货时间过长以及迟迟没有货源的现象，作为电子商务公司为了能更好的服务于顾客，应加强顾客和供货商之间信息的交流与反馈。这样可以给用户节约订单处理费用，又可以节约用户的时间，逐渐提高人们对网上购物的信任感，使得电子商务良性稳步发展。 3.降低配送服务价格。我国发展电子商务实现大规模的网上购物一直困难重重，物流配送费用偏高，特别是零售型的网上交易，为每个客户实现送货上门是高成本的，必须努力降低成本，解决电子商务公司与物流配送企业之间在配送服务价格方面的矛盾。 4.完善法律政策。针对电子商务物流配送出现的种种问题，政府有关部门应该积极研究电子商务的特点，迅速制定有针对性地法律、法规和政策，以规范电子商务活动，增加企业和广大消费者对电子商务的信任感。 5.积极发展第三方物流企业。“第三方物流”是指物流由商务的供方、需方之外的第三方完成,从某种意义上说它是物流专业化的一种形式，“第三方物流”一般在物流管理经验、人才、技术、理念等方面都具有一定的优势,对电子商务交易中供求双方的所有物流活动进行全权代理，同时第三方物流资金雄厚,可以充分利用现代物流技术,具有建立在现代信息网络技术基础上的物流管理软件,保证客户在任何时间、任何地点查看货物及提供配套的服务，参与电子商务交易的双方可以把物流委托给专业物流企业,专心于电子市场的开拓和商务效率的提高电子商务BtoB交易模式。 建立全国物流公共信息平台，发展第四方物流。第四方物流是一个供应链集成商，它调集和管理组织自己的以及具有互补性的服务提供商的资源、能力和技术，以提供一个综合的供应链解决方案。显然，第四方物流必须满足三个条件：不是物流的利益方、能实现信息共享、有能力整合所有的物流资源。而真正满足这些条件的只有一种虚拟的物流网平台，这就是全国物流公共信息平台。它能提供综合的供应链解决方案，以整合社会物流资源，提高我国物流产业的综合协同能力。
第三方物流与网络内容如下:物流一词源于英文的”logistics”，原意是军事后勤保障，在第二方世界大战以后被广泛地应用于经济领域。美国物流管理协会对物流的定义为”物流是为满足消费者需求而进行的对原材料、中间产品、最终产品及相关信息从起始地到消费地的有效流动与存储的、实施和控制的过程”。物流由四个关键部分组成：实质流动、实质存储、信息流动及管理协调。物流的主要功能是创造时间效用和空间效用，主要方式是通过仓储克服空间距离。第三方物流是在物流渠道中由中间商提供的服务，中间商以合同的形式在一定期限内提供需的全部或部分物流服务。第三方物流公司是一个为外部客户管理、控制和提供物流服务作业的公司。据统计，欧洲目前使用第三方物流服务的比例为76％，美国约为58％，且其需求仍在增长；欧洲24％和美国33％的非第三方物流服务用户正在积极考虑使用第三方物流服务。第三方物流作为一个提高物资流通速度、节省仓储费用和资金在途费用的有效手段，已经越来越引起人们的高度重视。一、使用第三方物流的优越性使用第三方物流产可以给企业带来众多益处，主要表现在：1、集中主业生产企业使用第三方物流可以使企业实现资源的优化配置，将有限的人力、财力集中于核心精力，进行重点研究，发展基本技术，开发新产品参与世界竞争，增强企业的核心竞争力。2、节省费用专业的第三方物流提供者利用规模生产的专业优势和成本优势，通过提供各环节能力的利用率实现费用节省，使企业能从分离费用结构中获益。生产企业随着规模的不断扩大，对营销服务的任何程度的深入参与，都会引起费用的大幅度增长，只有使用专业服务公司提供的公共服务，才能够减少额外损失。根据美国田纳西大学、英国EXEL公司和美国EMST&YOUNG咨询公司共同组织的一项调查显示：很多货主表示，使用第三方物流使他们的物流成本平均下降了％，货物周转期平均从天缩短到天，库存降低了％。3、减少库存第三方物流服务提供者借助精心策划的物流和适时的运送手段，最大限度地减少库存，改善了企业的现金流量，实现成本优势。4、提升企业形象第三方物流服务提供与顾客是一种战略伙伴关系，第三方物流提供者利用完备的设施和训练有素的员工对整个供应链实现完全的控制，减少物流的复杂性，通过自己的网络体系帮助顾客改进服务，不仅树立自己的品牌形象，而且使顾客在竞争中脱颖而出。二、我国企业在使用第三方物流方面存在的问题尽管与第三方物流公司合作有很多优势，但是很多企业并不是将更多的物流业务外包出去，原因归结为：1、抵制变化很多公司不愿意通过物流外包的方式来改变现在的精力模式。尤其是一些国有企业，物流业务外包还将意味着解雇大批员工，这对于国有企业的管理者来说意味着一个非常大的风险。2、缺乏认识企业对于第三方物流公司的认识程度普遍还很低，企业没有认识到供应链管理在企业竞争中的巨大作用。3、害怕失去控制由于供应链的实施在提高公司竞争力方面的重要作用，很多公司宁愿有一个小而全的物流部门，也不情愿将这些功能交给别人，主要原因是担心如果失去内部物流能力，会在客户交往和其他方面过度依赖第三方物流公司。4、物流业务外包本身有其复杂性供应链物流业务通常和公司其他业务，如财务、营销或生产集成在一起，物流业务外包本身就具有复杂性。对一些实际业务，包括运输和仓储的集成可能会带来组织上、行政上和实施上的一系列问题。此外，公司内部信息系统的集成性特点，使得把物流业务交给第三方物流公司来运作变得很困难。5、衡量物流外包的效果受诸多因素的影响准确地衡量物流成本对信息技术和人力资源的影响比较困难。很难确定物流业务外包到底能够给企业带来多少潜在的成本好外。另外，各个公司业务的独特性和公司供应链作业能力，通常被认为是不宜向外部公开的内部信息，很难准确地比较公司间的供应链作业能力。尽管有些生产企业已经意识到利用第三方物流可以给企业带来很多好外，但是在实际应用时往往分成几个步骤，同时选择数个物流服务提供商作为合作伙伴，以避免将业务交由一个物流服务提供商而带来的依赖性。三、我国第三方物流企业在发展中遇到的问题一个成功的物流企业，必须具备较大的运营规模，建立有效地地区覆盖区域，具有强大的指挥和控制中心，具备高水准的综合技术、财务资源和经营策略。我国第三方物流企业在发展中遇到的问题可以归纳如下：1、运营模式问题目前世界大型物流公司大都采取总公司与分公司体制，总部采取集权式物流运作，以业务实行垂直管理。建立现代物流企业必须有一个能力很强、指挥灵活的调控中心对整个物流业务进行控制与协调。真正的现代物流必须是一个指挥中心、一个利润中心，企业的组织、框架、体制等形式都要与一个中心相匹配。我国的物流企业在运营模式上存在问题，国外物流企业的管理模式值得国内物流企业借鉴。2、仓储或运输能力欠缺物流的主要功能是创造时间盗用和空间效用。就目前中国的第三方物流企业而言，有些公司偏重于仓储，运输能力不足；另外一些公司则是运输车辆很多而在全国没有多少仓库，靠租用社会仓库来完成对客户的承诺。3、网络问题我国有几家大的物流企业拥有全车性的仓储网络或货运网络，但是这个网络的覆盖区域并不是十全十美的。客户在选择物流合作伙伴时，很关注网络的覆盖区域及网络网点的密度问题。有关网点的建设问题应引起物流企业的重视。4、信息技术世界大的物流企业都拥有”一流三网”，即订单信息流、全球供应链资源网络、全球用户资源网络和计算机信息网络。凭借先进的计算机管理技术，这些物流客户也是高附加值产品的生产企业，国内物流企业必须在信息系统上增加投入才可以改变自己的市场定位。集中与整合是第三方物流企业的发展趋势。原因是：第一，大的公司有意将供应链的主要环节外包给尽可能少的几家物流公司；第二，建立一个高效的全球第三方物流企业所需资本的投入日益增加；第三，许多第三方物流供应商都通过兼并和联合的方式来扩大其服务能力。
关于物流的学术论文范文篇二 城市物流与物流城市 【摘要】 现代物流业的发展对城市建设意义重大。本文基于城市物流与物流城市两个角度分析了我国物流业的现状，发展物流业的作用及怎样发展物流业。 【关键词】 城市物流 物流城市 关系 发展定位 国际贸易是一个关于物的流通的学科，物流是国际贸易离不开的重要一环。亚当斯密在国富论中，用这样的话揭示了现代经济学的历史：“劳动生产力上最大的增进，以及运用劳动时所表现的更大的熟练、技巧和判断力，似乎都是分工的结果。”分工和专业化是经济发展的主要原因，因此市场上离不开物流活动。 一、物流的概念 物流是指通过有效安排商品的仓储、管理和转移，使商品在需要的时间到达需要的地点的经营活动，是商品流通――从空间位移和从时间推移，也就是商品从供应地到接受地的实体流动过程。由此可见，物流并不改变物品的大小、形状、外观等物理性质，但是它却克服了需求方和供给方在空间的距离和时间的限制，创造了物品的空间效应和时间效应，在经济运行中起着不可或缺的作用。物流的空间效应是指在商品流动过程中由于商品的空间转换所产生的效应。从需求方的角度来看，空间效应是由于商品的空间转换所带来的效用满足或消费者剩余的增加，体现了“从无到有”或“从小到大”的过程。 二、我国的物流业发展现状 2013年中央政府发布经济工作重点是要加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济持续健康发展。要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，培育一批拉动力强的消费增长点，增强消费对经济增长的基础作用，发挥好投资对经济增长的关键作用。其中，不少议题特别提出要扶持重点企业的物流建设。 企业现代物流以及服务于社会的第三方物流日益成为人们关注点，而单独对城市物流、物流与区域经济发展的讨论却比较少;同时由于我国物流技术、管理水平发展起步较晚，在国内存在区域发展不平衡的状况。东南沿海城市的企业认识、发展了现代物流，从物流管理中取得了巨大的效益，提升了企业的竞争力，激发了企业的活力，而西部、北方城市的企业由于地域、经济发展速度的差距，企业的物流管理大部分停留在过去粗放型的物资供应、储存、运输、中转、装卸等单一的流程操作管理上，没有对现代物流有一个清晰的认识。 三、城市物流发展定位――城市物流和物流城市 近几年来，中央提出的区域经济发展新战略，将东、中、西部和东北地区作为一个整体，完整地阐述了四大区域的战略布局，完成了全国区域经济的宏观布局。现在不仅是企业之间存在竞争，城市与城市之间也是竞争愈演愈烈。从争做金融中心，争做经济中心，争做产业中心，到现在开始了对物流中心位置的争夺。每个城市都力图成为该省，该地域，甚至全国的物流中心。 一个城市发展物流需要一个清晰的宏观定位，其中有两种定位就是城市物流和发展物流城市。 城市物流，是指为城市服务的物流，或者是城市内的物流。它服务于城市经济发展的需要。它的特点是：属于中观物流领域;城市物流流动的物质资料，有生产资料、生活资料、废弃物等;城市物流的流量比企业物流大。在现今高速发展的中国，每个城市都需要一个完善的物流系统，以满足本市及与周边地区的物流需要。以城市多个物流中心为建立区域物流中心网络，合理组织物流。物流中心网络体系就是多个物流中心合理布局、合理分工、合理衔接的结果，同时也是情报信息网络，城市物流也是发展物流城市的基本条件，是一个城市发展物流的基础。 物流城市，即它是一个物流的城市，即物流占据城市经济发展的重要地位。成为区域的物流中心。如广州、上海、重庆、武汉区域物流枢纽等。当城市物流发展到一定程度，区域内具有地域优势的城市可以发展为物流城市，一个城市，通过出台实施各项政策，加大物流基础设施兴建的力度，加速引进各种具备实力的物流公司，通过建设各种物流中心，发挥本身所具备的如地理位置、经济地位等优势，支持城市物流发展，使该城市的物流能力极大提高，辐射力加强，成为周边城市商品交易的集散地，利用强大的物流能力成为地区内的中心城市、物流中心。城市相继建成各种物流中心，谋划在新世纪站企制高点，成为商品流通的中转集散地，在城市经济推动中加入物流这一充满活力的重要环节。 四、物流与城市发展的关系 1、发展物流对城市的作用 首先，发展城市物流，可以减低城市内物料流通的效率，减低城市的运营成本，减少物耗，有效整合利用城市资源，提高城市运转的速度，并同时提高城市居民的生活水平。其次，发展成为物流城市，成为地区物流中心，就可以更多地吸引商品进入该市享受物流服务，从而使城市的贸易量增加。一个物流区域中心，必然是周转中心，一定会带动仓储、交通、消费方面的增长，增加就业，刺激消费。由此带来的人流的增加，房地产业的发展。一个区域物流中心，供应商或者生厂商或者电商自己，为了节约成本，必然尽量的在物流城市设工厂或者是物流增值服务，例如包装、非主要工序的加工等，这就会带动生产企业进驻。这个乘数效应无疑是巨大的。由此可见，城市竞争力的下降、比较优势的减弱、经济发展的增长要求及物流带来的种种好处，使物流成为城市间的热门话题。 2、城市发展物流的动力 纵观全国经济发展较好的地区，我们发现，城市物流起着至关重要的作用，而物流城市渐渐成为区域经济发展必要环节，即便是占尽发展先机的沿海城市也需要物流作为经济发展的新动力，其原因有三点：首先，当今中国开放程度越来越高，城市间在政策方面的差距越少，沿海开放城市和经济特区在政策方面并无法再凝聚太多的眼球;没有太大的优惠。其次，劳动力廉价的比较优势减弱。以前沿海城市的廉价劳动力是最大的比较竞争优势。廉价的劳动力可以减低企业的生产成本，所以吸引了很多外资企业前来投资。但随着经济的发展，沿海城市劳动力成本越来越高。而劳动力更为廉价的中国内陆城市及其他国家如越南等在这方面开始具备了比较优势，虽然这些地区的劳动力劳作水平不高，但假以时日，他们将同样扮演以前沿海城市所扮演的角色。再次，世界各地区、各城市的发展表明，一个城市如果没有自主创新能力，而一直处于产业链上最低端的加工地位，不仅无法取得更高的利益，更危险的它将失去所有活力，而将城市的发展决定权完全交出去。近几年国家开始在大力强调自主创新，强调城市的转型。那么在当前各城市发展普遍出现瓶颈，找不到新的经济增长点之时，发展物流可以说是不错的选择。 在现有的经济模式中，举广州为例，广州市是中国传统的贸易中心，多年对外贸易的经验和积累，使城市内形成了大大小小的商品集散地，加上陆路、铁路、航空、水路的网路建设，保税园区引进国外知名物流企业，广州城市内的物流发展在全国处于领先地位。在区域概念来看，广州是华南地区，乃至于全国的物流中心，是区域物流城市的佼佼者。在国外市场受全球经济拖累的今天，广州依然可以依靠物流的能力，支撑扩大内需求增长的要求。 3、如何发展区域物流城市 不是每个城市都能成为物流城市，物流城市需要具有先天地域中心的先机，需要有通达的城际网络，省际网络，以及国际网络。首先必须对城市定位，是否能成为物流城市，应该成为哪个级别的城市。这个定位必须考虑几个方面，即地域、行政级别、影响辐射能力、交通辐射、经济发展程度、本地的主要经济类型等。一旦定位为物流城市，必须在软件和硬件上有所完善。 软件上，政策，包括第三方企业扶持政策、税收政策、人才政策、招商引资政策、土地政策、商贸政策。一个区域物流中心城市也必定是区域零售批发中心周转城市，如广州的白马衣服市场，深圳的华强北。因此必须发展现代商贸物流节点，推进集群发展。规划设立一批现代商贸物流节点，建立商贸物流园区发展机制和政策，通过市场运作加强园区基础设施配套，充分发挥园区集聚和带动作用，吸纳同类型的物流企业和商贸经营者入驻，推进商贸物流集群发展。 硬件上，具有地域优势的城市以转化区域优势为导向，加快构建商贸物流、公路、铁路、航空等现代区域服务中心，着力提升城市影响力和辐射力。调整提高、发展占位，适时调整城市经济结构、产业结构和城市空间结构，与区域城市进行产业衔接，提高城市经济实力和区域经济文化中心城市带动作用，加强城市拓展和基础设施建设，构建更加完备的区域现代服务中心。 培育龙头企业，形成产业支撑。建立健全商贸物流产业发展机制，引导企业既兴建现代专业市场，又积极投身商贸物流业发展，促进企业向开发建设与发展产业并重转变，形成“企业+市场+产业”的发展模式。引进战略投资者，以项目带动，建立健全项目带动与产业发展的良性互动机制，开发好高质量的项目、核心项目、前瞻性项目和大项目，通过扩大开放、招商引资，吸引更多的战略投资者发展商贸物流业。支持和鼓励骨干流通企业通过自由连锁、挂大靠优等形式扩大投资，培育一批现代物流企业集团。 在政府层面，消除城市发展物流和区域发展物流城市的障碍。首先，政府的重视不应该在理念上，而应该付诸行动，如在国家允许范围内废除阻碍物流发展的各项规章制度，出台政策法规来支持城市物流发展，加强城市物流的研究与规划。其次，成立专门的物流部门，来统一协调城市的物流发展，改变城市物流无人管理的历史和现状，整合物流资源。如在现有交通主管部门的基础上扩大和延伸其职能，把全市的交通运输、仓储保管、装卸搬运、加工包装、配送服务的能力统筹统管起来。政府对本市的这些物流设施资源，不但要心中有数，而且能够制定政策法规，控制其运作，规划其发展，使其为城市物流的总体优化服务。再次，大力吸引各物流企业，特别是第三方物流。政府创造环境，而经济的主体，经济的活力来源于企业。所以物流的发展，最终还是得这些物流企业来实施。政府只是做好保姆，提高良好的公共服务。最后，人才是21世纪的根本。就世界范围而言，物流发展到今天，其价值的创造已经形成一大产业;其知识体系已构成一门学科;其专业人才正日益成为物流企业家、物流专家和物流学者。然而，在我国这一切的发展距离国际水平的差距还很大，其中，物流知识的普及和物流专业人才的培养是二项重要使命。政府要做好这个工作，吸引培养物流人才，提供人才给企业。在经济受外部市场影响的今天，发展物流城市对区域经济是机遇，对企业是机遇，对政府同样是机遇。 【参考文献】 [1] 李斌：物流的时空效应分析[J].时代经贸(下旬刊)，2007(S8). [2] 张文杰：城市化物流中心的建设与规划[J].北京商业，2000(3). 看了“关于物流的学术论文范文”的人还看： 1. 关于物流的学术论文 2. 关于物流毕业论文范文 3. 物流论文范文大全 4. 物流论文范文 5. 关于物流管理论文范文
楼上这位的英文文献是google华文文献而来的，很不通顺。。。电子商务环境下物流配送Logistics Distribution under E-business Environment 楼上译成了E-business environment under the logistics and distribution 电子商务环境下的物流配送摘要：本文从阐述电子商务与物流配送的相互关系出发，就如何建立与我国国情发展相适应的物流配送模式，降低物流成本，提高配送效率，解决配送问题进行探讨。 关键词：电子商务；物流配送；第三方物流 在互联网技术的不断发展及全球电子商务大环境的引导下，跨国物流和跨区域物流更加频繁，对物流的需求也更加强烈。但电子商务在我国的发展却具有其不成熟性的特点，物流基础设施及技术水平落后,供应商(或制造商)以及客户之间没有形成供应链,配送效率低下,所以电子商务要在中国继续发展必须解决——"物流瓶颈"。 一、电子商务与物流配送 电子商务是在Internet开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器的应用方式，实现消费者的网上购物、企业之间的网上交易和在线电子支付的一种新型的交易方式。电子商务与传统商务本质区别，就是它以数字化网络为基础进行商品、货币和服务交易，目的在于减少信息社会的商业中间环节，缩短周期，降低成本，提高经营效率，提高服务质量，使企业有效地参与竞争。 物流配送定位在为电子商务的客户提供服务，根据电子商务的特点，对整个物流配送体系实行统一的信息管理和调度，按照用户订货要求，在物流基地进行理货工作，并将配好的货物送交收货人的一种物流方式。这一先进的、优化的流通方式对流通企业提高服务质量、降低物流成本、优化社会库存配置，从而提高企业的经济效益及社会效益具有重要意义。 二、电子商务环境下的物流配送模式 发展现代物流配送，是转变经济增长方式，促进经济增长由粗放型向集约型转变的需要。过去我国长期实行计划经济体制，几乎每个工业企业都建立了仓库、车队负责包装、运输等业务，大而全、小而全、粗放管理问题比较突出，造成企业原材料和产成品库存过大，占压大量资金；自备仓储和自备运输利用率低，成本过高；销售配送体系不健全，产品实体分配效率不能满足售后和服务要求。市场经济条件下，企业要在激烈的竞争中站稳脚跟，必须集中精力发展其核心业务，对传统的物流管理模式进行改革，提高物流管理的社会化和组织程度，变粗放管理为集约经营，才能使企业真正适应市场经济的发展。 发展现代物流配送，是适应加入WTO，提高企业市场竞争能力的需要。目前世界上大多数地区，约1／3的物流运作是承包给第三方的，发达国家甚至达5－8成。而我国的物流服务行业竞争力很弱，没有形成一定的规模优势和资本优势，服务质量与国外企业相比也存在着很大差距。加入WTO后，根据协议，我国将进一步开放物流服务行业，国外成熟的物流企业会大举进入我国，因此，面对经济全球化趋势和我国加入WTO的挑战，实施物流改造，发展现代物流配送是企业参与竞争，赢得竞争优势的必然选择。 在电子商务条件下，构建我国物流配送体系，可以有以下三种模式：一是电子商务与传统商务共用一套物流系统；二是由电子商务企业组建自己的物流系统；三是电子商务企业将所有的物流业务以外包的形式委托第三方物流企业运作。所谓第三方物流是指根据供应商或销售商的委托，由供应商和销售商以外的第三方负责对物流的中间环节进行有效管理，提供从货源供应到最终商品销售之间的全方位物流服务。鉴于发达国家的成功经验和目前我国物流业的发展状况，我认为，委托第三方物流企业运作是我国电子商务企业最理想的物流模式。其理由如下： （1）物流通常不是大多数的电子商务企业的核心业务，电子商务企业把物流业务运作外包于第三方物流企业，可以把资源集中在自身的核心竞争力业务上，以获取最大的投资回报。 （2）第三方物流企业拥有发达的物流网络和针对不同物流市场的专业能力，包括运输、仓储和其它增值服务，同时第三方物流企业还拥有信息技术，他们与独立的软件供应商结盟或者开发了内部信息系统，这使其能够最大限度地利用运输和分销网络，有效进行跨运输方式的货物追踪。 （3）第三方物流企业具有规模经济优势。由于其可以从运输商那里大批量购买运输能力，然后集中配载许多客户的货物，大幅度降低单位运输成本。 （4）通过“共享租用”模型，多个电子商务企业可以共享分发和售后服务。外包也缓和了内部物流执行并减少建造和装备仓库。内部完成电子物流费用高，耗时多，并且由于不具备第三方的专业技术，许多公司会严重损害花很多时间建立的客户关系。 诚然，第三方物流企业的运作不仅要针对生产厂家能否合理经营并优化库存结构，还要针对客户，保证商品来源于最佳路线，以切实降低物流成本，提高产品附加值，同时真正使客户省钱，省力，省时。 三、我国发展第三方物流应注意的问题 （1）物流业务的范围不断扩大。商业机构和各大公司面对日趋激烈的竞争不得不将主要经理放在核心业务，将运输、仓储等相关业务环节交由更专业的物流企业进行操作，以求节约和高效；同时，物流企业为提高服务质量，也在不断拓宽业务范围，提供配套服务。 （2）提供客户定制的物流服务。很多成功的物流企业根据第一方、第二方的谈判条款，分析比较自理的操作成本和代理费用，灵活运用自理和代理两种方式。 （3）物流产业的发展潜力巨大，具有广阔的发展前景。长期以来，由于受计划经济的影响，我国物流社会化程度低，物流管理混乱，机构多元化，物资、商业、经贸、交通、建设等部门均有各自的物流系统。这种分散的多元化物流格局，导致社会化大生产、专业化流通的集约化经营优势难以发挥，规模经营、规模效益难以实现，设施利用率低，布局不合理，重复建设，资金浪费严重。由于利益冲突及信息不通畅等原因，造成余缺物资不能及时调配，大量物资滞留在流通领域，造成资金沉淀，产生大量库存费用。另外，我国物流企业与物流组织的总体水平低，设备陈旧，损失率大，效率低，运输能力严重不足，形成了瓶颈，制约了物流的发展。 在电子商务飞速发展的21世纪，谁掌握了物流和配送，谁就掌握了市场。建立电子商务模式下的物流配送体系，客观上需要那种放网全国，点指世界超强的物流服务企业。当前，我国的一些传统物流企业（如，中远，中外运等）应积极加大市场调研和开拓力度，加大与跨国公司、大型制造商等行业企业以及与连锁、超市零售行业等的合作，与其建立伙伴关系，为其提供一体化的物流配送服务，并尽快发展电子商务，从而提供高质量的、高水平的电子商务环境下的现代物流配送服务，为我国建立良好的现代配送机制贡献自身的一份力量。 参考文献： 《中国物流与采购》 《我国物流企业如何迎接电子商务》 张铎 《电子商务配送问题浅析》 关洪杰、
China is a developing country, the United States financial crisis is a global impact on the industry, the international logistics industry is no exception, the logistics enterprises a very great impact on, for the logistics industry to foreign trade-oriented enterprises even greater pressure . This paper first described the concept of the financial crisis and the causes as well as countries in the logistics industry. China's logistics industry, a marked decline in business of logistics enterprises in a very great impact. Such as the impact of financial crisis in China, the constant infiltration will become even more severe, the entire line King is not optimistic. many maritime transport, air transport, railway transport, automobile transportation logistics enterprises are faced with bankruptcy. At the same time also focused on analysis of the current financial crisis on the impact of the logistics industry, and the logistics industry for the future development of the overall environment and development trends were discussed. Finally, an analysis of the financial crisis in the international logistics in China under the development of countermeasures, and proposed a number of targeted measures, the financial turmoil on China's logistics industry is an opportunity for more At present, we should do is to adjust the internal logistics. Improve China's logistics technology, small and medium-sized businesses do a good job in the logistics chain shift from the traditional modern logistics. Internal funds to strengthen the logistics chain, industrial chain. With the financial crisis to real economy transformation process, the impact of changes will happen, but China's logistics industry fully prepared to deal with turmoil in the financial crisis or necessary. Perhaps the experience of this economic disaster, China's logistics industry will become more sophisticated, will be more optimistic about the prospects for development Keywords: Financial crisis, the logistics industry, influences, inspiration, countermeasures手工翻译，采纳吧
物流管理的定义 物流管理（Logistics Management）是指在社会再生产过程中，根据物质资料实体流动的规律，应用管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。现代物流管理是建立在系统论、信息论和控制论的基础上的。 物流管理主要有4个特点 （1）以实现客户满意为第一目标； （2）以企业整体最优为目的； （3）以信息为中心； （4）重效率更重效果。 实施物流管理的目的 实施物流管理的目的就是要在尽可能最低的总成本条件下实现既定的客户服务水平，即寻求服务优势和成本优势的一种动态平衡，并由此创造企业在竞争中的战略优势。根据这个目标，物流管理要解决的基本问题，简单地说，就是把合适的产品以合适的数量和合适的价格在合适的时间和合适的地点提供给客户。 物流管理强调运用系统方法解决问题。现代物流通常被认为是由运输、存储、包装、装卸、流通加工、配送和信息诸环节构成。各环节原本都有各自的功能、利益和观念。系统方法就是利用现代管理方法和现代技术，使各个环节共享总体信息，把所有环节作为一个一体化的系统来进行组织和管理，以使系统能够在尽可能低的总成本条件下，提供有竞争优势的客户服务。系统方法认为，系统的效益并不是它们各个局部环节效益的简单相加。系统方法意味着，对于出现的某一个方面的问题，要对全部的影响因素进行分析和评价。从这一思想出发，物流系统并不简单地追求在各个环节上各自的最低成本，因为物流各环节的效益之间存在相互影响、相互制约的倾向，存在着交替易损的关系。比如过分强调包装材料的节约，就可能因其易于破损造成运输和装卸费用的上升。因此，系统方法强调要进行总成本分析，以及避免次佳效应和成本权衡应用的分析，以达到总成本最低，同时满足既定的客户服务水平的目的。 物流管理的发展经历 物流管理的发展经历了配送管理、物流管理和供应链管理3个层次。物流管理起源于第二次世界大战中军队输送物资装备所发展出来的储运模式和技术。在战后这些技术被广泛应用于工业界，并极大地提高了企业的运作效率，为企业赢得更多客户。当时的物流管理主要针对企业的配送部分，即在成品生产出来后，如何快速而高效地经过配送中心把产品送达客户，并尽可能维持最低的库存量。美国物流管理协会那时叫做实物配送管理协会，而加拿大供应链与物流管理协会则叫做加拿大实物配送管理协会。在这个初级阶段，物流管理只是在既定数量的成品生产出来后，被动地去迎合客户需求，将产品运到客户指定的地点，并在运输的领域内去实现资源最优化使用，合理设置各配送中心的库存量。准确地说，这个阶段物流管理并未真正出现，有的只是运输管理、仓储管理和库存管理。物流经理的职位当时也不存在，有的只是运输经理或仓库经理。 现代意义上的物流管理出现在20世纪80年代。人们发现利用跨职能的流程管理的方式去观察、分析和解决企业经营中的问题非常有效。通过分析物料从原材料运到工厂，流经生产线上每个工作站，产出成品，再运送到配送中心，最后交付给客户的整个流通过程，企业可以消除很多看似高效率却实际上降低了整体效率的局部优化行为。因为每个职能部门都想尽可能地利用其产能，没有留下任何富余，一旦需求增加，则处处成为瓶颈，导致整个流程的中断。又比如运输部作为一个独立的职能部门，总是想方设法降低其运输成本，但若其因此而将一笔必须加快的订单交付海运而不是空运，这虽然省下了运费，却失去了客户，导致整体的失利。所以传统的垂直职能管理已不适应现代大规模工业化生产，而横向的物流管理却可以综合管理每一个流程上的不同职能，以取得整体最优化的协同作用。 在这个阶段，物流管理的范围扩展到除运输外的需求预测、采购、生产计划、存货管理、配送与客户服务等，以系统化管理企业的运作，达到整体效益的最大化。高德拉特所著的《目标》一书风靡全球制造业界，其精髓就是从生产流程的角度来管理生产。相应地，美国实物配送管理协会在20世纪80年代中期改名为美国物流管理协会，而加拿大实物配送管理协会则在1992年改名为加拿大物流管理协会。 一个典型的制造企业，其需求预测、原材料采购和运输环节通常叫做进向物流，原材料在工厂内部工序间的流通环节叫做生产物流，而配送与客户服务环节叫做出向物流。物流管理的关键则是系统管理从原材料、在制品到成品的整个流程，以保证在最低的存货条件下，物料畅通的买进、运入、加工、运出并交付到客户手中。对于有着高效物流管理的企业的股东而言，这意味着以最少的资本做出最大的生意，产生最大的投资回报。 国网提示：如果认为我们提供的本词条还有不当的地方欢迎批评指正。【物流的概念】 解释一： 物流是指为了满足客户的需要，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品及相关信息由商品的产地到商品的消费地所进行的计划、实施和管理的全过程。 物流构成：商品的运输、配送、仓储、包装、搬运装卸、流通加工，以及相关的物流信息等环节。 物流活动的具体内容包括以下几个方面：用户服务、需求预测、定单处理、配送、存货控制、运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。 解释二： 在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出：物流是“物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。” 解释三： 物流中的“物”是物质资料世界中同时具备物质实体特点和可以进行物理性位移的那一部分物质资料。“流”是物理性运动，这种运动有其限定的含义，就是以地球为参照系，相对于地球而发生的物理性运动，称之为"位移"。流的范围可以是地理性的大范围，也可以是在同一地域、同一环境中的微观运动，小范围位移。“物”和“流”的组合，是一种建立在自然运动基础上的高级的运动形式。其互相联系是在经济目的和实物之间，在军事目的和实物之间，甚至在某种社会目的和实物之间，寻找运动的规律。因此，物流不仅是上述限定条件下的“物”和“流”的组合，而更重要在于，是限定于军事、经济、社会条件下的组合，是从军事、经济、社会角度来观察物的运输，达到某种军事、经济、社会的要求。 解释四： stream ：在化工生产过程中，需要进行化学或物理变化的物料常常以气态或液态参与生产过程，并以管道输送，这样参与过程的原料、中间产物、产品等称为物流。在连续操作过程中不断地加入或排出的固体物料也可称为物流。 The definition of logistics management Logistics Management (Logistics Management) is in the process of social reproduction, according to the material flow of information entities, the application of the basic principles of management and the scientific method, the logistics activities of planning, organization, command, coordination, control and supervision, so that all Logistics activities to achieve the best possible coordination and cooperation in order to reduce logistics costs and enhance logistics efficiency and economic benefits. Modern logistics management system is built on the theory, information theory, cybernetics and on the basis of. Logistics Management has four major characteristics of (1) in order to achieve customer satisfaction as the first target; (2) to enterprises as a whole for the purpose of optimal; (3) with information as the center; (4) more emphasis on efficient results. The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers. Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspect of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. Starting from this idea, the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes. The development of logistics management experience The development of logistics management has experienced distribution management, logistics management and supply chain management three levels. Logistics management originated in World War II military transport supplies and equipment developed by the storage and transportation modes and technologies. After the war, these technologies are widely used in industry, and greatly improve the operational efficiency of enterprises, for enterprises to win more customers. At that time, logistics management, aimed at the distribution of the finished product that is produced, how fast and efficient products through distribution centers to serve customers, and as far as possible to maintain a minimum inventory. Logistics Management Association of the United States at that time called the Physical Distribution Management Association and the Canadian supply chain and logistics management is called the Canadian Association of Physical Distribution Management Association. In this initial stage, logistics management is the established number of products produced by, passively to meet the needs of customers, products will be transported to the designated locations, and in the field of transport to achieve the most optimal use of resources, a reasonable set of distribution Center inventory. Rather, this stage of logistics management has not really there, there are only transportation management, warehousing management and inventory management. Logistics manager positions do not exist at that time, there are only the manager or warehouse manager. Modern sense of logistics management in the 1980s. People find that the use of cross-functional process management approach to observe, analyze and solve business problems in the very effective. By analyzing the material from raw materials shipped to factories and production lines running through each workstation, product output, and then transported to distribution centers, the final delivery to customers throughout the circulation process, enterprises can eliminate a lot of high-efficiency appears to have actually reduced Optimize the overall efficiency of the local acts. Because everyone wants to functional departments as far as possible use of its capacity, left no surplus, once the increased demand, everywhere a bottleneck, resulting in the suspension of the entire process. For instance the Ministry of Transport as a separate functional departments, always trying to reduce their transport costs, but its result will be a need to speed up the delivery of orders rather than shipping by air, although this saved the freight, it lost customers, resulting in The overall loss. Therefore, the traditional vertical management functions no longer suited to modern large-scale industrial production, and horizontal logistics management can be integrated management of each process on the different functions, in order to get the overall optimization of synergies. At this stage, to expand the scope of logistics management in addition to transport, the demand forecasts, procurement, production planning, inventory management, distribution and customer service, so as to systematic management of the operation of enterprises, to maximize the overall efficiency. Goldratt's The "goal" in a sweep of the global manufacturing industry, its essence is from the perspective of the production process to manage the production. Accordingly, the Physical Distribution Management Association of the United States in the mid-1980s changed its name to the United States Logistics Management Association, Canada and the Physical Distribution Management Association in 1992 changed its name to the Canadian Association of Logistics Management. A typical manufacturing enterprise, its demand forecasts, purchase of raw materials and transport links are usually called into the logistics and raw materials in the factory processes within the logistics supply chain called the production, distribution and customer service link called out to the logistics. Logistics management is the key systems management from raw materials, finished products to the entire process to ensure that the lowest inventory conditions, the flow of buying materials, imported, processed, shipped out and delivered to the customer. For a highly efficient logistics management companies shareholders, this means that the capital to at least make the most of the business, produce the greatest return on investment. State Net: If we think of this term is also available in inappropriate places welcome criticism correction. [] The concept of logistics One explanation: Logistics is that in order to meet customer needs, the lowest cost, through the transport, storage, distribution, etc., and raw materials, semi-finished products, finished goods and related information from the origin to the consumption of goods and conducted by the planning, implementation and management of the The entire process. Logistics form: the transport of goods, distribution, warehousing, packing, loading and unloading handling, circulation processing, logistics and related information, and other areas. The specific content of logistics activities, including the following areas: customer service and demand forecasts, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transport, storage management, factories and warehouses and the layout of the site, removal handling, procurement, packaging, intelligence and information. Explanation 2: China's national standards, "the logistics of terms" that the definition of: logistics is "items from the suppliers to receive and process flow of the entity, according to actual needs, transportation, storage, handling, transport, packaging and distribution processing, distribution, information processing , And other basic functions of the organic integration. " Three explanations: The logistics of the "objects" is material information in the world along with material entities can be physical characteristics and the displacement of that part of material information. "Flow" is the physical movement, such movement has its limited meaning, that is, for the reference to the Earth in relation to the earth and the physical movement, known as "displacement." The scope of flow can be rational and large-scale, may also be in the same area, the micro-environment of the same movement, small-scale displacement. "Objects" and "flow" of the combination is a natural movement built on the basis of the senior forms of exercise. Their mutual ties in the economic objective and in-kind between the military and in-kind, and even in certain social objectives and in-kind between the movement to find the laws. Therefore, logistics is not only the qualification of "objects" and "flow" of the portfolio, but more important is that is limited to the military, economic and social conditions under the portfolio, is from the military, economic and social point of view of observation Transport, to achieve some kind of military, economic, social requirements. 4 explained: stream: in the chemical production process, the need for chemical or physical changes of materials, often in gaseous or liquid involved in the production process, and piped, to participate in this process of raw materials, intermediate products, products known as logistics. In continuous operation in the process of constantly adding or from the solid material can also known as logistics.
朋友们，以下是我对物流的理解：第一，物流是指为了满足客户的需求，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品或相关信息进行由商品的产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程， 物流是由物体的运输、配送、仓储、包装、搬运装卸、流通加工，以及相关的物流信息等环节构成的。物流活动的具体内容包括以下几个方面：用户服务、需求预测、定单处理、配送、存货控制、运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。第二：在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出：物流是物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机的结合。第三：物流中的“物”是物质资料世界中同时具备物质实体特点和可以进行物理性位移的那一部分物质资料，“流”是物理性运动，这种运动有其限定的含义，就是以地球为参照系，相对于地球而发生的物理性运动，称之为"位移"，流的范围可以是地理性的大范围，也可以是在同一地域 物流、同一环境中的微观运动，小范围位移，“物”和“流”的组合，是一种建立在自然运动基础上的高级的运动形式，其互相联系是在经济目的和实物之间，在军事目的和实物之间，甚至在某种社会目的和实物之间，寻找运动的规律。因此，物流不仅是上述限定条件下的“物”和“流”的组合，而更重要在于，是限定于军事、经济、社会条件下的组合，是从军事、经济、社会角度来观察物的运输，达到某种军事、经济、社会的要求。谢谢听众。 My friends, the following is my understanding: for logisticsFirst, logistics means to satisfy the needs of customers, with the lowest cost, transportation, storage and distribution by means such as raw materials, semi-finished products, achieve correlative information, products or by the location to commodities consumption to the planning, implementation and management of the whole process of an object that logistics is the transportation, distribution, storage, packaging, transportation and handling, circulation processing, and related logistic information such as link form. The logistics activity concrete contents include the following aspects: the user service, the demand forecast, order processing, distribution and inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, factories and warehouse layout and location, handling handling, procurement, packaging, intelligence : in our national standard "the definition of logistics term" points out that: logistics is from supplier to receive items to entity according to actual needs, flow process, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, circulation processing, distribution and information processing basic functions implementing the organic : the "content" of logistics is the material material world along with material object characteristics and can carry out physical displacement of that part of material goods, "flow" is physical sports, this movement has its limit, that is in the earth the meaning of relative to the earth, for reference and happen physical exercise, called "displacement", flow can range is ground rational large area, also can be in the same regional logisticsAnd the same environment the micro motion, on a small scale, "the thing" and displacement of the combination of "flow", is an established on the basis of the natural movement, the senior forms of exercise is connected with each other in economic purpose and material between, between the military purposes and material, even in a social purpose and physical, looking for the movement rule between. Therefore, logistics is not only under the condition of the limit "the thing" and "flow" combination, but more important is, is limited to military, economic and social conditions, the combination from the military, economic and social Angle to observe things transportation, and achieve some military, economic, and social for the audience.
Some of the practical case of professional English reading on the exploit our awareness of the importance of logistics, to understand the success of modern large logistics enterprise logistics, see the future hope. We also give the future work of a certain logistics management in the part of the need for direct use of English, is the professional knowledge and work skills must be mastered, not only help to find a job after work, but also a tool to work, this is the same not necessarily with the use of other professional english. With the rapid development of China's logistics industry constantly, especially in recent years the open degree of logistics enterprises continuously improve, China's logistics enterprises in the process of competition and foreign logistics enterprises with the platform of enterprise, improve the level of demand for logistics services, logistics industry internationalization has become the trend of the development of the logistics, freight forwarding, warehousing, packaging, transportation and other fields involves the use of english. It is based on the above reasons, professional English for logistics has received great attention, also has a great effect on in the field of employment, some enterprises also have the rigid requirements for English, we learn professional English for logistics for the future of great help now. Professional English for logistics laid the foundation for our future employment direction, also is for our research and employment preparation. Not to learn professional English learning, but to let the professional English does become a kind of ability enhancement employment. The content cannot be applied learning from life practice is equal to the white learn the logistics professional English should first cultivate his interest in this subject, understand the logistics of the various links and content, rapid understanding about English meaning can only familiar with logistics knowledge basis. You can remember more professional and commonly used words and definitions, not only can increase the vocabulary can be quite high English level and our professional knowledge. Reading more is can exercise our spoken English, in the future practice to correct pronunciation, comfortable to play, can be further ahead in learning and employment. To study hard, as long as the total results, as the saying goes, "the early bird catches the worm", is the meaning of.关于物流英语的 看到后请采纳