发布时间：
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
Gocheck论文查重论文提纲三步骤：1.拟订提纲的必要性盖楼首先要设计工程蓝图，然后按图施工。同理，撰写论文首先要拟订写作提纲，然后按纲行文。简单地说，写作提纲就是整篇文章的总体思路、逻辑图表和结构框架。在动笔撰写论文之前，必须多花点时间和精力来理清这个思路、绘制这个图表、构建这个框架，以确保整篇文章思路清晰、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾贯一。有人认为，拟订提纲费时费力，不如直接写文。实践证明，撰写一篇比较长的论文，如果没有提纲可遵循，单凭摸着石头过河，结果只能是事倍功半，欲速则不达。 2.写作提纲的特点与作用写作提纲不必设计得过于正规和详细。一个非正规的、粗放式的提纲就可以帮助你：①了解你究竟想写什么;②明确如何把材料整合组织起来;③了解哪些地方需要补充新的论据支持;④草拟一份具有创造性的论文初稿。3.拟订提纲的步骤与方法第一步，明确文章的大小题目。在研究文献和确立三论阶段，已经确立了文章的总论点，以及若于不同层次的分论点。从文章的形式上看，这些分论点便是不同层次的大小标题。一般来说，一篇文章至少应设立3个层次的大小标题。文章的总题目加上这些大小标题，便是文章的基本框架，也是写作提纲的主要内容。|第二步，为大小标题排序。根据总论点的论证需要，以及大小标题之间存在的相互逻辑关系，将这些标题排序，并标注序码。第三步，材料对号入座。将选定的、将要写进文章中的材料也根据论证的需要分组，并编注序号。然后，分别以序号的形式对号入座，安插在各个大小标题之下。这样，写作提纲便基本完成。提纲完成之后，还必须进行仔细推敲、反复调整、及时修改。毋庸置疑，调整与修改提纲比全文写完之后再推倒重来，进行大返工要节省很多时间和精力。提纲的修改可以在动笔撰写初稿之前，集中时间和精力进行，以便确立文章的基本框架结构。在撰写初稿的过程中，有时也有必要回过头来再对提纲进行局部的、细节的调整与修订。
根据学术堂的了解。毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始写作论文之前提交给论文指导教师的一份关于论题观点的来源,论文基本观点,论文基本结构的报告.具体要求如下：1.提纲包括这样几个部分:论题观点来源,论文基本观点,论文结构。2.在论题观点来源这一部分,学生需要说清楚自己论文的观点是如何得到的.论题观点来源一般有以下两种:阅读某些著作(包括教科书),文章的时候有感而得;与老师讨论的时候得到的灵感.前者要写清楚著作的名称,作者,出版时间,以及著作的哪些方面给了自己什么样的感受.后者写清楚老师的指导给了自己什么样的启示。3.在论文的基本观点部分,要求学生写清楚整个论文的基本观点都有哪些,这些观点必须逻辑清楚,合理。4.在论文结构部分,学生结合自己的基本观点写清楚整个论文的结构.这是学生向指导教师说明自己如何论证观点的一个部分.例如学生要写清楚正篇文章包含那几个部分,第一部分写什么,其中包括几个小部分,每个小部分写什么等,以此类推。5.提纲没有字数的要求,但是学生必须保证有2,3,4这三个部分的内容.文字方面要求语言流畅,思路清晰,说清楚自己的观点。论文提纲是学生写作论文的开端,提纲是否成功通过指导教师的审查决定了学生能否进入论文的实际写作阶段,所以要求学生认真对待并且按时提交。
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文：
引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：提出论点；分析问题－论据和论证；解决问题－论证与步骤；结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
中文：标题－作者－出版物信息（版地、版者、版期），作者－标题－出版物信息，所列参考文献的要求是所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
根据学术堂的了解，毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始写作论文之前提交给论文指导教师的一份关于论题观点的来源，论文基本观点，论文基本结构的报告。具体要求如下：1、提纲包括这样几个部分:论题观点来源，论文基本观点，论文结构。2、在论题观点来源这一部分，学生需要说清楚自己论文的观点是如何得到的。论题观点来源一般有以下两种:①阅读某些著作(包括教科书)、文章的时候有感而得;②与老师讨论的时候得到的灵感。前者要写清楚著作的名称，作者，出版时间，以及著作的哪些方面给了自己什么样的感受。后者写清楚老师的指导给了自己什么样的启示。3、在论文的基本观点部分，要求学生写清楚整个论文的基本观点都有哪些，这些观点必须逻辑清楚，合理。4、在论文结构部分，学生结合自己的基本观点写清楚整个论文的结构。这是学生向指导教师说明自己如何论证观点的一个部分。例如学生要写清楚正篇文章包含那几个部分，第一部分写什么，其中包括几个小部分，每个小部分写什么等，以此类推。5、提纲没有字数的要求，但是学生必须保证有2，3，4这三个部分的内容。文字方面要求语言流畅，思路清晰，说清楚自己的观点。论文提纲是学生写作论文的开端，提纲是否成功通过指导教师的审查决定了学生能否进入论文的实际写作阶段，所以要求学生认真对待并且按时提交。
英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题.2.根据论文题目写出总论点.3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局.4.确定论文的整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点,直至确定论点句.5.结合段落部署,把相关材料组合起来,以便写作过程中的随用随取.6.进行全面的检查,对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减.英语专业毕业论文提纲要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分.(一)前置1.英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成.2.目录：由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页.3.中、英文内容论文摘要：摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语.为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文,关键词,,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方.各关键词之间用,分号,隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.(二)主体部分主题部分包括引言(introduction)、正文(body)、结论(conclusion)、参考文献(bibliography).主体部分必须由另页右页开始.1.引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等.2.正文：论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分,论点明确.行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用,.,相隔,最末级编号之后不加点.3.结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等.毕业论文提纲的编写方法： 标题式写法用简洁的文字凝练出标题,并将这部分内容概括出来.这种写法的好处是简洁明了,一目了然,但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷,作者本人对此非常了解熟悉,但是外人乍看没有眉目,因此,在毕业论文的提纲写作中,很少使用这种方法. 句子式写法就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括,这种写法更为具体,更为明确,自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂.因为毕业论文不是针对个人,因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用.2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲毕业论文提纲写好后,需要进行推敲和修改,修改的过程中需要注意以下几点： 题目是否合适.题目是一篇文章的精华所在,其重要性不容忽视,不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍. 结构是否合理.合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸,划分层次和段落,提高文章的逻辑性,检查过渡是否自然,然后进行全局性的把控. 层次是否完善.提纲的层次必须完善,每个层次必须保证清晰,总论点应该重点突出,序论和结论部分应该简明扼要.本论是全文的重点,是需要集中精力写的一部分,因此,提纲应该罗列地详细一点,层层深入,体现总论和分论的巧妙融合.希望能帮到你
英语论文提纲 范文
英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文，欢迎大家阅读，也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。
一、 title
from a new woman to a victim
二、 introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
三、outline
1 introduction
a brief introduction of othello
a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
social problems on women
the reasons why women should be independent
the new meaning of “independence”
what women should do if they want to be independent
from spirit
from finance
四、conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
翻译：
一、标题
从一个新女人到一个受害者
二、介绍
在中国，妇女的地位越来越高，但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。
我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出，现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而，独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲，但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置，并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立，也要从财务上独立。
三、概述
1引言
简要介绍奥赛罗
特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性
2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因
描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六
父权中心文化的影响
苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点
3影响她对女性在现代社会中。
女性的个社会问题
女性应该独立的原因
“独立”的新意义
女性应该做什么，如果他们想独立
从精神
财务
四、结论
理论指导
1女性主义
2弗洛伊德心理学
知识扩展：英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?
I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：
1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;
2.根据论文题目写出总论点;
3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;
论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序，这是论文写作的整体框架。
4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点，直至确定论点句;
5.结合段落部署，把相关材料组合起来，以便写作过程中的随用随取;
6.进行全面的检查，对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;
II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项：
1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：
标题式写法
用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，作者本人对此非常了解熟悉，但是外人乍看没有眉目，因此，在毕业论文的提纲写作中，很少使用这种方法。
句子式写法
就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。
2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲
毕业论文提纲写好后，需要进行推敲和修改，修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：
题目是否合适;
题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。
结构是否合理;
合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。
层次是否完善;
提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。
英语专业论文提纲范文
英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展，英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大，成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文，欢迎阅读!
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词：习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教学出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006
英语论文提纲 范文
英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文，欢迎大家阅读，也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。
一、 title
from a new woman to a victim
二、 introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
三、outline
1 introduction
a brief introduction of othello
a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
social problems on women
the reasons why women should be independent
the new meaning of “independence”
what women should do if they want to be independent
from spirit
from finance
四、conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
翻译：
一、标题
从一个新女人到一个受害者
二、介绍
在中国，妇女的地位越来越高，但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。
我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出，现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而，独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲，但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置，并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立，也要从财务上独立。
三、概述
1引言
简要介绍奥赛罗
特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性
2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因
描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六
父权中心文化的影响
苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点
3影响她对女性在现代社会中。
女性的个社会问题
女性应该独立的原因
“独立”的新意义
女性应该做什么，如果他们想独立
从精神
财务
四、结论
理论指导
1女性主义
2弗洛伊德心理学
知识扩展：英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?
I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：
1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;
2.根据论文题目写出总论点;
3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;
论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序，这是论文写作的整体框架。
4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点，直至确定论点句;
5.结合段落部署，把相关材料组合起来，以便写作过程中的随用随取;
6.进行全面的检查，对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;
II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项：
1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：
标题式写法
用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，作者本人对此非常了解熟悉，但是外人乍看没有眉目，因此，在毕业论文的提纲写作中，很少使用这种方法。
句子式写法
就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。
2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲
毕业论文提纲写好后，需要进行推敲和修改，修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：
题目是否合适;
题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。
结构是否合理;
合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。
层次是否完善;
提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
英语论文 提纲
英语论文的提纲也有格式的要求，规范的'格式能保证论文的顺利进行。
Acknowledgements 4-5
Abstract 5
摘要 6-9
Chapter One Introduction 9-16
Introduction 9
Background of the Study 9-12
Purpose of the Study 12-13
Significance of the Research 13-14
Thesis Structure 14-16
Chapter Two Literature Review 16-25
Introduction 16
Theoretical Background of Communicative Language Teaching 16-19
Concept of Communicative Competence 16-17
Hymes'Idea on Communicative Competence 17-18
Canale and Swain's Theory 18-19
Overview of Communicative Language Teaching 19-22
Development of Communicative Language Teaching in China 19-20
Features of Communicative Language Teaching 20-22
Relationship between Language Testing and Language Teaching 22
Summary 22-25
Chapter Three Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test and Questionnaire 25-36
Introduction 25
Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test 25-28
Structure of IELTS Speaking Test 25-27
Communicative Approach Embodied in IELTS Speaking Test 27-28
The Questionnaire 28-34
Design 28-29
Participants 29-32
Methods 32
General Results 32-34
Summary 34-36
Chapter Four Findings and Discussion 36-54
Introduction 36
Chinese Candidates'Performance in IELTS Speaking Test 36-38
IELTS Candidates'Attitude towards Oral English Teaching 38-43
Explanations for the Situation 43-45
Implications for College Oral English Teaching 45-52
Teaching Goal 46-47
Teaching Content 47-48
Teaching Methods 48-51
Make Use of Modern Teaching Equipment 51
Establish an Extracurricular Supervision System 51-52
Improve Oral English Testing and Evaluation 52
Summary 52-54
Chapter Five Conclusion 54-57
Summary of the Findings 54-55
Limitations and Suggestion for Further Study 55-57
Appendix Questionnaire 57-58
Bibliography 58-62
中文摘要 4-6
Abstract 6-8
Chapter One Introduction 12-15
Research Background 12-13
Purpose and Significance of the Study 13-14
Organization of the Thesis 14-15
Chapter Two Literature Review 15-34
Definitions of Affect 15-17
Classifications of Affect 17-23
Individual Factors 17-21
Co-relative Factors 21-23
Relevant Theories of Affect 23-30
Krashen’s Monitor Model 24-28
Piaget’s Constructivist Theory 28-30
Relevant Studies Abroad and at Home 30-34
Relevant Studies Abroad 31-32
Relevant Studies at Home 32-34
Chapter Three Methodology 34-37
Research Questions 34
Research Subjects 34-35
Research Instruments 35
Research Procedures 35-36
Research Methods 36-37
Chapter Four Data Analysis and Discussion 37-54
Application on Students’ Learning 37-45
Fostering Students’ Positive Attitude 37-38
Stimulating Students’ Motivation 38-40
Enhancing Students’ Self-esteem and Self-confidence 40-42
Developing Students’ Empathy 42-43
Lowering Students’ Anxiety 43-45
Application on Teachers’ Teaching 45-48
Getting a Better Understanding to their Students 46-47
Identifying Teachers’ Attitude to the Students 47-48
Discussions on the Results 48-54
Differences between Traditional Teaching and ScaffoldingInstruction 48-50
Applications on Affective Teaching Methods 50-54
Chapter Five Conclusion 54-59
Implications 54-58
Stimulating Students’ Learning Process 54-56
Improving Teachers’ Affective Qualities 56-58
Limitations and Suggestions 58-59
Bibliography 59-64
Appendix 64-67
作者简介 67-68
Acknowledgements 68
摘要 4-6
Abstract 6-7
Chapter One Introduction 10-13
Background of the Research 10-11
Significance of the Research 11-12
Structure of the Research 12-13
Chapter Two Literature Review 13-19
General Review of Researches on the Translation of Puns in English Advertisements in China4 13-15
Review of Previous Studies on Pun Translation Abroad 15-16
Review of Research on the Functional Equivalence Translation of Rhetorical Devices 16-17
Problems in Current Researches 17-19
Chapter Three Puns in English and Its Application in English Advertisements 19-27
Definition of Puns 19-20
Constitutive Elements 20-21
Classification and Application of Puns in English Advertisements 21-27
Chapter Four Theoretical Explanations-Functional Equivalence Theory 27-31
Background of the Emergence of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory 27
Main Ideas of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory 27-28
Contribution of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory 28-31
Chapter Five the Feasibility of Adopting Functional EquivalenceTheory in Translation of English Advertisements 31-38
Equivalence 31-33
Language Function 33-35
Readers' Response 35
Cultural Level 35-38
Chapter Six Translation Strategies of Puns in English Advertisements under the Guidance ofFunctional Equivalence Theory 38-44
Word for Word Translation 38-39
Division 39-40
Borrowing 40-42
Focused Translation 42-43
Annotation 43-44
Conclusion 44-47
Summary of the Research 44-45
Limitations of the Research 45
Suggestions for Further Studies 45-47
Bibliography 47-49
攻读硕士学位期间取得的科研成果 49-50
Acknowledgements 50
英语论文提纲outline格式：
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文：
引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：提出-论点；分析问题-论据和论证；解决问题-论证与步骤；结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息
所列参考文献的要求是：所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类，简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义，甚至是两句话。
这种提纲往往是用于科学论文，而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3......点来写的话，往往会变成“八股文”的模式，这样的论文往往是应付式的论文，其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。
扩展资料：
通常情况下，撰写论文提纲有5大要求：
1、要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江××市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。
2、从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，舍不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。
为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。
3、要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆，论点不明确；有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的论文是没有说服力的。
为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。
4、论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点，是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分，因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准，层层深入，层层推理，以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合，把论点讲深讲透。
5、安排好论文的篇幅。如全文大约多少字，各部分大约多少字。有了这个安排，写作时就可以更有计划，避免东拉西扯，离题太远。至于一篇论文到底以多长篇幅为好，这并无规定。一般说来，篇幅过短，难以把问题分析得深刻、透彻。
同样，洋洋数万言的论文也不容易写好，很容易变成资料的堆砌，杂乱无章。从当前教育科研的实际情况来看，一篇论文的篇幅一般以四千到八千字左右为好，这也比较符合阅读者的心理。
参考资料来源：百度百科-论文提纲
提纲的类型和结构-主题词式提纲或句段式提纲：标题式式提纲用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，适用于对多个事件的研究论文中，不同事件有不同的处理方式。句子式提纲适用于对单一复杂事件的研究论文中。就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。提纲的层次：提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。Outline架构层次采用字母、数字：这种结构用连续的字母和数字来安排各部分的层次关系。第一层用罗马数字（I、II、II、IV等等）来标记，第二层用大写字母（A、B、C、D等等）来标记，第三层用阿拉伯数字（1、2、3、4等等），第四层用小写字母（a、b、c、d等等）。在写提纲时基本上不需要四个层级。如果出现这类状况，试着合并论点。大写问题：在句段式的提纲中，标题和分论点一般都要求遵循正确的句子大写规则。但主题词式提纲一般不必这样。一派学术意见认为第一级标题应该全部用大写字母书写，而剩余标题遵循句子大写的一般规则即可。而另一派认为第一级标题应该只大写每个单词的首字母，而不用都大写。剩余的标题一样，也遵循句子大写的一般规则即可。提纲长度的把控：你的提纲不应超过研究论文预计整个篇幅的1/4到1/5。4-5页的论文，Outline大约需要一页就可以了。15-20页的论文，一般不要超过4页。Outline写好后，从以下几个方面检查：题目是否合适？题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。结构是否合理？合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。层次是否完善:提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。如果同学们需要论文辅导的话，可以完全来找班长的~~
英文论文的详细格式：
一、标题
一篇较长的英语论文一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下：第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期。
二、提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下：先在第一行的始端打上Thesis一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。
三、摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。
正文第一页不必标页码，自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字应为该行的最后一个空格。
五、文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。
引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。
六、文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited，其格式须注意下列几点：
目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。
目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码，其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
英文论文提纲范文
在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文，希望能够帮助到大家。
论文的规格：正文长度5,500-8,500单词。
使用的语言：英语
论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。
引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)
论文正文部分：
1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;
2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号
3、指导教师名，5号字，职称
4、摘要：用300词，5号字，英文一页，中文一页
5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键)，不加标点符号
6、正文：用5号字，
大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：
引言：引入正题，不超过2段
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.
ii. , , , , …
iii. , , , , , / . …
结论
7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文，后中文
作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点
8、致谢(acknowledgement)
英语毕业论文提纲范例：
题目：基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 Literature Review
General Studies of English Irregular Verbs
Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs
Summary
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics
Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability
Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics
Summary
Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA
Methodology and Data Visualization
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs
Introduction and Data
Principle Components Analysis
Register Variation of PTF of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements