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随着全球经济一体化趋势日益加快，国际商务活动日益频繁。这些商务活动的许多领域，如技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资等，所使用的英语统称为 商务英语 。下面是我带来的关于商务英语 毕业 论文摘要的内容，欢迎阅读参考!商务英语毕业论文摘要(一) 商务英语特点浅析 [摘 要]商务英语是外贸人员同世界各地开展进出口贸易时用于洽谈交易、联系业务的一种应用语言。由于英汉两种截然不同语言的差异及其特定的社会功能和题材内容决定了商务英语自身与众不同的写作特点。本文拟从跨 文化 交际学的角度对商务英语的特点作一番探析，从而事倍功半地达到成功交际的目的。 [关键词]商务英语 跨文化交际 合作原则 礼貌原则 关联原则 商务英语毕业论文摘要(二) 商务英语翻译浅析 [摘要]商务英语翻译在国际贸易中起着越来越重要的作用。本文从商务英语的内涵、特点、翻译策略等方面，对商务英语的翻译进行了浅要的分析。 [关键词]商务英语翻译策略 商务英语毕业论文摘要(三) 浅谈英语商务 谈判技巧 [摘要] 随着经济全球化的发展。中国的国际贸易也越来越发达。要想和外国人做好每一笔生意，你必须了解世界各国的文化。国际贸易中跨国的商务谈判在所难免，所以你也必须懂得把全界各国商人的谈判风格研究从文化的角度来探讨国际商务谈判，分析国际商务谈判过程、世界各国商人的谈判风格，增强中国商人在国际贸易中的竞争力。 [关键词] 语言技巧谈判风格谈判技巧 以下是我带来的关于商务英语的论文，希望能帮到您! 浅谈商务英语教学 摘 要：随着中国在世界经济中的日益活跃，大学中的商务英语需求也随之增多，这是因为商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才;同时，教师如何讲好这门课也日益受到关注。所以，本文就以商务英语教学为话题进行浅谈，企在与同行有所交流并最终相互促进与提高，使学生和教师双赢。 关键词：大学;商务英语;教学 随着中国在国际经济活动中的日益活跃以及自身发展的迫切需要，商务英语专业也日益成为了大学热门专业之一。商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时又具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才，因此，对于商务英语的教学既要考虑到英语知识的授予，又要注重英语能力的提高。如同一般英语一样，阅读也是商务英语语言运用中的一项重要活动，通过阅读既可以让学生掌握相关阅读技巧，从而提高阅读速度和语言能力;同时又可以培养学生接触商务知识和熟悉商务运作流程的实用能力。所以，本文就以商务英语中教学方面进行浅谈，企在与同行有所交流和相互促进与提高。 一般来说，商务英语教学应该涵盖语言学习和商务知识两方面内容，是集语言理论、商务理论及商务实践于一体的综合性教学。所以，教师的教学要结合所用教材，灵活运用 教学 方法 ，并且在教学活动中要注意活跃课堂气氛，让学生在轻松愉悦的氛围里进行知识的学习，最重要的是提高学生实际应用语言并进行交流的能力。对于该课程的教学，笔者根据多年的相关教学 经验 ， 总结 出了如下的教学建议： 第一，基本词汇是商务英语的基础，以此为基础，扩充词汇的学习，这是进行相关商务 英语阅读 的基础。可以通过将生词与已知词汇进行相关联系来实现对生词的记忆和掌握，当然，将生词放在阅读 文章 中进行学习也是一个很好的方法，或者将二者联系起来回更好。下面举例说明。 confirm一词在普通英语中作动词时的意思是“确认，证实”，如： ● His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. (他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。) 而在商务英语中，confirm应该译为“保兑信用证”，即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。如下句： ● Payment will be made by 100% confirmed， irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。(付款方式为100% 即期，保兑，不可撤消信用证。) 那么，教师再阅读短文中就可以先将需要讲解的词汇标出，让学生说出在一般英语中的其意义;然后，在进行商务英语中所表示出的意义的讲解;最后，让学生思考并练习这些“商务意义”，注意一定要在句中，然后是整篇文章中进行理解和熟悉。 第二，具备一定商务英语词汇后就要以篇章为单位来进行训练，目的是进一步巩固所学新意(商务英语中该词汇的意义)。此阶段，最好选取一些有实用价值的英语阅读材料，在真实的商务场景中进行语言知识和商务知识的双方面习得。如：阅读文章中摘出的两句话： ● You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis. ● If a seller extends credit to a time draft， they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft. The bank is said to discount the draft. 通过加深巩固练习，学生可以跟深刻地理解discount一词。 下一步，以对话或是篇章进行知识的延伸。如下面关于产品介绍的对话： ● A： These are our new models. B： What are their strong points? A： There's a lot to be said for them. In the first place， they are more durable than any similar ones on the market. B： Why does it take longer to wear out than the others? A： The yarn is carefully selected for quality and woven very tightly in this fabric. B： Can you leave these samples with us? A： How long do you want to keep them? B： About three days. ● A： That's all right 此时，引导学生进行整体把握，即：“为什么在这种语境会这么说?”为下一步中西方差异做铺垫。并且可以考虑在这个阶段的学习后增加一些课堂对话练习的活动，激发学生使用的欲望，增添真实的语境。 第三，在商务英语的教学中一定要注重商务礼节的介绍，并且还要特别之处中西方商务礼节或习惯方面的差异，以免在今后的实际运用中造成跨文化差异而带来的不必要的困扰。如：在中国，对于对方的赞美或是夸奖，为了表现出礼貌，通常受赞美或是夸奖的一方一定会说“哪里哪里”等拒绝性的答复;但是，西方人一般会去高兴地接受，往往是Thank you. / Thank you very much. 等，因为他们认为拒绝是极为不礼貌的。又如，在商务谈判时，中国人喜欢委婉而谦和地表达自己的观点;而西方人一般会开门见山，直奔主题。因此，在平时的教学中必须指出诸如此类的文化差异，一方面解答而来学生对于一些商务英语文章背景的不理解问题，另一方面也提高了学生的学习兴趣和求知的欲望，充满了好奇感和探究感。 总之，在课堂教学中一定要同时兼顾英语的基础知识而后专业知识的储备，以及英语技能和相关商务知识的积累这两方面的内容。但是，这些不是孤立的，而是相互关联和相互渗透的，可以说，一环扣一环，环环相关，某一个方面出现问题，就会影响 其它 方面的学习和提高。因此，我们在日常的教学中应该多角度、多方面进行指导，同时，也要求我们教师也要多学习、多更新自己的知识，这样才能满足学生的需求和自身的提高。 参考文献 [1] 蔡芸。培养复合型人才的有效方式--商务英语专业课程评价[J]。外语与外语教学，2001(4)。 [2] 陈建平。案例教学法与商务英语教学[J]。宁波大学学报( 教育 科学版)， 2004(5)。 [3] 刘江凤。论本科院校商务英语专业学生职业技能的培养[J]。考试周刊，2011(5)。 [4] 莫再树，张小勇，张云。基于语言经济学的商务英语教育研究[A].。湖南大学学报(社会科学版)，2006(4)。 [5] 叶兴国。新形势下的商务英语教学与研究[C]。上海：上海外语教育出版社。2008年10月。 猜你喜欢： 1. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 2. 商务英语毕业论文范本 3. 关于商务英语毕业论文范文 4. 商务英语专业论文范文 5. 商务英语相关毕业论文范文
计算机应用专业优秀毕业论文
紧张而又充实的大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是每个大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有计划的检验学生学习成果的形式，我们该怎么去写毕业论文呢？下面是我整理的计算机应用专业优秀毕业论文，欢迎阅读与收藏。
论文摘要：
现代社会的一个显著特，最就是信息的产生、处理和变换越来越频繁，作为其硬件支持的计算机正在深入到社会的各个角落，这种普遍应用的同时也带来了一个重大、实际的问题——计算机安全。就集中介绍了计算机安全技术以及其在电子商务中的应用。
论文关键词：
计算机安全技术；在电子商务中的应用
1计算机安全技术
计算机安全技术既计算机信息系统安全技术，是指为防止外部破坏、攻击及信息窃取，以保证计算机系统正常运行的防护技术。下面我就从计算机安全技术的研究领域、包括方面两个角度出发来进行探讨。
计算机安全技术主要有两个研究领域
一是计算机防泄漏技术。即通过无线电技术对计算机进行屏蔽、滤波、接地，以达到防泄漏作用。
二是计算机信息系统安全技术。即通过加强安全管理，改进、改造系统的安全配置等方法，以防御由于利用计算机网络服务、系统配置、操作系统及系统源代码等安全隐患而对计算机信息系统进行的攻击，使计算机信息系统安全运行。
计算机安全技术包括方面
计算机的安全技术包括两个方面：个人计算机的安全技术，计算机网络的安全技术。
个人计算机的安全技术
个人计算机的安全技术是影响到使用个人电脑的每个用户的大事。它包括硬件安全技术、操作系统安全技术、应用软件安全技术、防病毒技术。在这里我们主要讨论硬件安全技术和操作系统安全技术。
硬件安全技术是指外界强电磁对电脑的干扰、电脑在工作时对外界辐射的电磁影响，电脑电源对电网电压的波动的反应、CPU以及主板的电压和电流适应范围、串并口时热拔插的保护、机箱内绝缘措施、显示器屏幕对周围电磁干扰的反应和存储介质的失效等等。目前，这种单机的硬件保护问题在技术上相对简单一点，一般来说，凡是严格按照IS91标准进行采购、生产、管理、销售的企业都可以保证上述安全问题能有相应的解决措施。
操作系统安全技术是指目前常用的PC操作系统的安全问题，包括DOS、WINDOWS的安全问题。由于WIN—DOWS系统在日常生活中被大多数人所熟知，这里我们就以WINDOWS系统为例来分析操作系统的安全技术。
WINDOWS系统在安全技术方面采取了软件加密和病毒防治两种手段来保证操作系统的安全。软件加密由三个部分组成：反跟踪、指纹识别、目标程序加/解密变换。三个部分相互配合，反跟踪的目的是保护指纹识别和解密算法。指纹识别判定软件的合法性，而加/解密变换则是避免暴露目标程序。病毒防治原理是由于Windows的文件系统依赖于DOS，所以扩充现有的基于DOS的病毒防治软件。使之能够识别Windows可执行文件格式（NE格式），是一种行之有效的方法，在病毒的'检测、清除方面则需要分析Win—dows病毒的传染方式和特征标识，扩充现有的查毒、杀毒软件。
计算机网络的安全技术
计算机安全特别是计算机网络安全技术越来越成为能够谋取较高经济效益并具有良好市场发展前景的高新技术及产业。自从计算机网络暴露出安全脆弱问题且受到攻击后，人们就一直在研究计算机网络安全技术，以求把安全漏洞和风险降低到力所能及的限度，因此出现了一批安全技术和产品。
（1）安全内核技术。
人们开始在操作系统的层次上考虑安全性。尝试把系统内核中可能引起安全问题的部分从内核中剔出去。使系统更安全。如So—laris操作系统把静态的口令放在一个隐含文件中，使系统更安全。
（2）Kerberos系统的鉴别技术。
它的安全机制在于首先对发出请求的用户进行身份验证，确认其是否是合法的用户。如是合法用户，再审核该用户是否有权对他所请求的服务或主机进行访问。Kerberos系统在分布式计算机环境中得到了广泛的应用，其特点是：安全性高、明性高、扩展性好。
（3）防火墙技术。
防火墙即在被保护网络和因特网之间，或在其他网络之间限制访问的一种部件或一系列部件。
防火墙技术是目前计算机网络中备受关注的安全技术。在目前的防火墙产品的设计与开发中，安全内核、代理系统、多级过滤、安全服务器和鉴别与加密是其关键所在。防火墙技术主要有数据包过滤、代理服务器、SOCKS协议、网络反病毒技术等方面组成，共同完成防火墙的功能效应。
2其在电子商务中的应用
随着网络技术和信息技术的飞速发展，电子商务得到了越来越广泛的应用，但电子商务是以计算机网络为基础载体的，大量重要的身份信息、会计信息、交易信息都需要在网上进行传递，在这样的情况下，电子商务的安全性是影响其成败的一个关键因素。
电子商务含义
电子商务是利用计算机技术、网络技术和远程通信技术实现整个商务过程中的电子化、数字化和网络化。人们不再是面对面的、看着实实在在的货物、靠纸介质单据进行买卖交易，而是通过网络，通过网上琳琅满目的商品信息、完善的物流配送系统和方便安全的资金结算系统进行交易。
整个交易的过程可以分为三个阶段：第一个阶段是信息交流阶段；第二阶段是签定商品合同阶段；第三阶段是按照合同进行商品交接、资金结算阶段。
电子商务安全隐患
截获传输信息
攻击者可能通过公共电话网、互联网或在电磁波辐射范围内安装接收装置等方式。截取机密信息；或通过对信息长度、流量、流向和通信频度等参数进行分析。获得如用户账号、密码等有用信息。
伪造电子邮件
虚开网上商店。给用户发电子邮件，伪造大量用户的电子邮件，穷尽商家资源，使合法用户不能访问网络。使有严格时间要求的服务不能及时得到响应。
否认已有交易
发布者事后否认曾发送过某条信息或内容，接收者事后否认曾收到过某条信息或内容；购买者不承认下过订货单；商家不承认卖出过次品等。
电子商务交易中的一些计算机安全安全技术
针对以上问题现在广泛采用了身份识别技术数据加密技术、数字签名技术和放火墙技术。
身份识别技术
通过电子网络开展电子商务。身份识别问题是一个必须解决的同题。一方面，只有合法用户才可以使用网络资源，所以网络资源管理要求识别用户的身份；另一方面，传统的交易方式，交易双方可以面对面地谈判交涉。很容易识别对方的身份。通过电子网络交易方式。交易双方不见面，并且通过普通的电子传输信息很难确认对方的身份，因此，电子商务中的身份识别问题显得尤为突出。
数据加密技术
加密技术是电子商务中采取的主要安全措施。目前。加密技术分为两类，即对称加密/对称密钥加密/专用密钥加密和非对称加密/公开密钥加密。现在许多机构运用PKI的缩写，即公开密钥体系技术实施构建完整的加密/签名体系，更有效地解决上述难题，在充分利用互联网实现资源共享的前提下，从真正意义上确保了网上交易与信息传递的安全。
智能化防火墙技术
智能防火墙从技术特征上是利用统计、记忆、概率和决策的智能方法来对数据进行识别，并达到访问控制的目的。新的方法消除了匹配检查所需要的海置计算，高效发现网络行为的特征值，直接进行访问控制。新型智能防火墙自身的安全性较传统的防火墙有很大的提高。在特权最小化、系统最小化、内核安全、系统加固、系统优化和网络性能最大化方面，与传统防火墙相比较有质的飞跃。
电子商务能够给企业带来经营管理和销售方式的改变,使企业能够更及时、准确、充分地掌握市场需求信息,按时、按质地提供给客户所需要的商品或服务,从而加强其市场竞争地位。下面是我带来的关于电子商务论文的摘要的内容，欢迎阅读参考!电子商务论文的摘要(一) 试谈电子商务安全审计 摘要：审计是电子商务安全管理中的一条重要防线。电子商务安全审计是指模拟社会的监察机构对电子商务系统运营和电子商务企业财务的活动进行监视和记录的一种机制。它包括外部审计和电子商务公司内部审计两个方面。 关键词：电子商务;安全审计;安全管理 电子商务论文的摘要(二) 浅谈移动电子商务 【摘 要】目前国内外的移动电子商务发展的十分迅速，移动因特网业务最重要的方面就是通过移动通信设备来进行可靠的电子交易。移动通信具有较高的安全性，并且可以通过许多方式对安全性进行加强。服务提供商抓住了因特网与移动技术结合的机会，根据客户所在的位置和自身个性来提供服务，从而建立和巩固自身与客户的关系。移动电子商务可以理解为移动通信、无线局域网技术和电子商务技术的结合。论文将主要通过对移动电子商务的概念、发展现状、发展前景、存在的问题等进行了全面、深入的剖析，并且详细的讨论了移动电子商务的业务模式、特点，并对移动电子商务发展前景做了展望。 【关键词】电子商务 移动电子商务 移动通信技术 电子商务论文的摘要(三) 浅谈我国电子商务现状 摘要：随着现代科学技术的飞速发展,电子商务逐渐走进人们的日常生活。在此情况下,电子商务已经不再是什么神秘之物,它们只是在网络环境发展到一定阶段,而出现的必然产物。但由于受到目前我国种种因素影响,电子商务也给进入网络平台的交易双方带来不可避免的风险,如网络安全、经济情况、从业人员专业水平及职业素养等等。 关键词：电子商务;信息;网络 以下是我带来的关于电子商务的论文，希望能帮到您! 浅论移动电子商务的发展趋势 移动互联网技术的飞速发展，为移动电子商务的发展奠定了坚实的基础，并且创造了全新的消费模式，对大众的消费行为产生了巨大的影响。移动通信和互联网成为当今世界发展最快，最具有市场潜力的两大的业务，移动互联网逐渐渗透到人们生活的方方面面，移动电子商务也随之产生。 一、移动电子商务简介 移动电子商务就是利用手机、平板电脑等移动终端进行的B2B、C2C、B2C的电子商务，将因特网、移动通信技术、短距离通信技术和其他信息处理技术进行完美结合，使用者可以在任何时间、地点进行各种商贸活动，实现随时随地、线上线下的购物和交易、在线电子支付的各种交易活动、商务活动和金融活动等。 根据CNNIC发布的第二十八次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》中我们知道，我国手机网民规模达到了三点二亿，比2010年增加了一千五百万，手机网民在全部网民中的比例为百分之六十五，再加上其他移动终端的网民数量，为移动电子商务的发展奠定了牢固的基础。我国电子商务研究中心检测数据显示，今年交易规模已经突破四百亿元人民币，其中包括家电、服装、日用品等实体商品交易总额。 二、移动电子商务的发展趋势 (一)企业应用成为移动电子商务领域的核心 当前，移动电子商务的发展热度持续上涨，并逐步成熟，同时，越来越多的个人及企业都开始应用移动电子商务，这对于更好的便于其自身发展起到了重要作用，相对于个人来说，其大多处于消费者的角度，更多的是为了方便购物与浏览信息，而对于企业来说，其参与移动电子商务，更多的则是为了自身发展，这个平台为企业提供了更多的营销渠道，对于提升其经济效益具有重要意义。企业之间的竞争越发激烈，这也表现在移动电子商务的发展上面，随着新一轮淘汰机制的建立，无疑为企业提供了更具上升性的发展环境。比较这两种商业模式，显然是基于企业的应用更加成熟，具有较强的稳定性和消费力度，这两点是个人用户很难做到的。在移动电子商务的业务范畴中，很多类型的业务可以帮助企业获得更大收入和提高工作效率，所以企业应用的快速发展能够极大地推动移动电子商务的发展。 (二)基于LBS的应用将会大放异彩 国外移动电子商务运营者利用移动电子商务用户独有的移动性，将LBS技术引入其中，能够依据用户所在的位置信息推出具有针对性的电子商务业务，用户在向系统登记其位置信息时，不但可以获得一定奖励分值，还能够根据用户累计的奖励分值和用户当时所在的位置得到业务系统推荐的各种优惠券、代金券以及折扣编码等。 LBS定位技术的引入，给商家和用户提供了商业合作的平台，向在目标范围内的特定用户推荐商家信息和产品，通过手机短信、二维码等多种方式向用户推送优惠信息。这项技术的优点是使用户的搜索成本大为降低，不仅给用户提供了超低的优惠折扣，还让用户真实感受到了移动电子商务带来的游湖，提升了用户体验，并且能够让商家快速锁定人群，进行针对性营销，而移动电子商务运营商获得了广告收入，还有商家收费的客流量分析工具，LBS技术将为移动电子商务到来更多商机。 (三)继续深入产业链整合 市场竞争越来越激烈，移动电子商务也将渗透到社会的各个领域中，打破原有的产业格局和形式，相关产业链的整合还将继续深入，合作形式更加多样化，初期产业链上下游链状形态将会逐渐转化为多产业链主体和所层次协作的网状产业链结构，比如在产品交易方面不仅能够实现手机支付，而且金融服务商、电信运营商和第三方机构之间的合作将会更加密切，寻求合作、共同发展是不可避免的趋势，能够移动电子商务的发展注入了新的活力。 (四)给移动终端提供发展机会 手机终端和网络硬件等技术因素是移动电子商务发展中的重要基础设施，移动电子商务的所有活动都和移动终端密切相关，移动终端不仅要带动移动电子商务的发展，还要在其价值链上实现各方顺利合作，为电子商务业务的开展提供便利。终端技术不断发展，移动终端的功能越来越多，也越来越人性化，并且形成被广大用户熟知的移动电子商务品牌。网上交易商品的图品信息已经接近PC互联网上的界面显示效果，手机将升级为更小的PC，虽然不会被完全替代，但是移动终端产品的融合趋势将会越来越明显，变得更有价值。 (五)快捷安全的移动支付 移动电子商务活动中，支付环节无疑成为最为重要的环节，在移动电子商务中，二维码、RFID以及空中圈存技术的引入，简化了手机支付流程。手机二维码是二维码技术中的一种，将其应用在电子票务方面不但能够降低票据制作成本，还能提升防伪和检验能力。此外用户还可以通过一张手机卡实现通信服务和实现其他支付业务的功能。与移动终端的结合实现随时使用的功能，用户仅通过一张手机UIM卡，可以方便、安全、快捷地完成支付。在移动电子商务的发展趋势中，用户可以凭借移动终端实现安全快捷完成小额支付，也可以像银行卡一样进行大额转账和消费，能够为用户和商家提供安全、快捷、方便的移动支付成为电子商务的新特性之一。 三、结束语 移动电子商务潜力巨大，但由于多方面原因，我国移动电子商务还未发展成熟，在交易安全、商业模式和用户接纳等还存在很多问题，政府和移动运营商应当密切联系和配合，进一步构建适宜移动电子商务发展的环境，还要对移动电子商务的服务模式、物流配送和支付手段严加监管，我国移动电子商务定会得到长远发展。 猜你喜欢： 1. 电子商务论文摘要 2. 电子商务毕业论文范本 3. 浅谈电子商务论文范文 4. 电子商务学术论文例文 5. 电子商务发展对策论文
Shallowly discussed the enterprise and buys the financing way -release lever purchase The enterprise and buys in the modern enterprise manages,already became one commonly used expansion method. And buys in theenterprise in the method, the release lever purchase is one kind ofvery good choice. Because the purchase only needs to invest the fewinnate funds to be allowed to realize the economical , this financing way also has the certain risk, because ifand buys the side not to be able the very good control risk, then cancarry on the back the heavy debt burden, causes region which theenterprise falls into is in a dilemma. Therefore this article and buys the financing way from the enterpriseto start to elaborate, then the analysis release lever financingcharacteristic and the superiority, then concern the risk which therelease lever purchases and proposes the countermeasure, unifies thecase which the Beijing East purchases to carry on the analysis,finally summarizes the full text and to applies the release leverpurchase in our country to carry on the forecast. Key word: And buys; Financing; Release lever purchase; Risk guard
The horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) belong to the 兰 surname germ for cent of the Cs streptococci, include the horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (Streptococcus. equi subsp. Equi),the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus)with horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (S. equi subsp. equisi milis).That germ can pass external injury,surgical operation,or cure etc. the path infect various animals, causing diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis,meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)...etc..Its particular gene expression outcome is pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special meaning. Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a information of make use of the living creature's learn(Bioinformatics) can adjust to control to carry on the estimate and analysis to the function and expression of the gene, the province goes to a trivial experiment to investigate, providing the instruction direction for the experiment function and sequence of the gene are closely-related, when the likeness that is a sequence exceeds certain scope, they carry out same function probably, pass will don't know the function sequence with have already known the contrast of the function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a sequence to correspond function. The purpose of this topic research is to be learn with the living creature information Be the theories foundation usage tool software with according to WEB on-line service to some a do not know the horse streptococci gene carry on a series of analysis, the result integrate, predicting the function of this gene expression outcome thus. The horse streptococci P50 gene sequence length is a 100 BPs, the whole gene has a to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs, coding 100 amino acids 残基s. The horse streptococci P50 the gene sequence entered the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, handle stuffs with the form and list of the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over to the data server to go forward to act like the source index(the homology Search).Many living creature information centers all have the BLAST server of the specialized applied http:www. last?(Circulate , the United States, the maintenance GenBank) Then the result detection of the basis BLAST index(Search) and the protein of the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence expression together the source is the tallest of 3 kinds of protein one by one in order is 123 The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence into the amino acids sequence, the result manifestation P50 gene sequence translates 20 amino acidses totally. Will and the horse streptococci P50 amino acids sequence together source the high sequence inputs to the tool software respectively, carrying on evolving a tree(the Phylogenetic Tree) to draw. Hand over the horse streptococci P50 amino acidses(the Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) to the professional website in, can immediately predict the second class structure of that amino acids make use of a software analysis P50 gene protein physics and chemistry property. The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(the Evolutionary theory) gave comparison the gene set to learn to provide the theories relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence is a source(homology) together more sequences together the source is more high, may express the function of the outcome(the Expression Product) very much so more the sorting to the , according to discover the horse streptococci P50 genes express of may be the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a kind of bottom thing combine, participate the metals transport system(the Transport System) to constitute directly, the kind's transport system has in the germ from process acquire nourishment inside the host(HOST) body to close an important kind of egg white is the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a conveyance,such as the bottom thing of the metals ions, such as iron,manganese and zinc...etc., combine, we can call it as the streptococci metals to combine the fat egg white.(the Metal binding lipoproteins, MBLS)This kind of egg white is a kind of poisonous dint factor(the virulent factor) of the horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) is a germ with the result that the foundation of the disease to the horse streptococci physiology bio-chemical characteristic and pathogenic have very important influence and the meaning. 回答者：6392541196 - 同进士出身 六级 3-9 20:52The horse streptococci(Streptococcus equi) belongs to an orchid surname the Cs of the germ a streptococci for cent and include the horse streptococci Ma3 Ya3 's kind(Streptococcus. equi subsp. Equi), the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus)with the horse Lian4 Qiu2 Jun4 Lei4 Ma3 Ya3 's kind(S. equi subsp. equisi milis).That germ can pass external injury, surgical operation, or cure etc. the path infect various animals and cause diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis, meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)...etc..It particular gene expression the outcome be pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special meaning. Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a information of make use of the living creature learn(Bioinformatics) and can adjust to control to carry on an estimate and analyze to function and expression of gene, saved to go to a trivial experiment to investigate, for test a verification to provide an instruction and sequence of gene are closely-related, the likeness which is a sequence exceed certain scope, they probably carry out same function and pass will don't know a function sequence and have already known the contrast of function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a correspond of sequence function. The purpose of this topic research be is learn with living creature information Be the usage tool of the theories foundation software with according to WEB of on-line service to some a have never known a horse streptococci the gene carries on a series of analysis and the result integrate and thus predict that this gene expresses the function of outcome. The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 length is a 100 BPs and the whole gene has 1 to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs and code 100 amino acids remnants Ji. The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 got into the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, once handle stuffs with the form and list on the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over a data server to go forward to act like a source an index(homology Search).The many living creature information center all has the BLAST server of specialized applied http:www. last?(Circulate , the United States, support GenBank) Then the protein of the search result detection of the basis BLAST and the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 expression together the source be the tallest of 3 kinds of proteins one by one in order is 123 The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 into an amino acids sequence and the gene sequence of the result manifestation P50 totally translates 20 amino acidses. Will with the amino acids sequence of the horse streptococci P50 together source the sequence of the Gao inputs tool software respectively and carry on evolving a draw of tree(Phylogenetic Tree). Hand over the amino acidses(Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) of the horse streptococci P50 to the professional website in, then predict the second class structure of that amino acids make use of the physics and chemistry property of the gene protein of the software analysis P50. The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(Evolutionary theory) give comparison gene the set learn to provide a theories relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence together source(homology) more sequences together the source be more high, so and very may express the function of outcome(Expression Product) more process i
马上就要迎来毕业季了，毕业论文究竟该怎么写呢?毕业范文的格式有什么要求，有没有毕业论文的范文模板下载?下面是我精心为你们整理的关于毕业论文要怎么写的相关内容，希望你们会喜欢!
题目：小二号黑体加粗居中。
各项内容：四号宋体居中。
目录：二号黑体加粗居中。
章节条目：五号宋体。
行距：单倍行距。
1、摘要：小二号黑体加粗居中。
2、摘要内容字体：小四号宋体。
3、字数：300字左右。
4、行距：20磅
5、关键词： 四号宋体，加粗。 词3-5个，每个词间空一格。
1、ABSTRACT：小二号 Times New Roman.
2、内容字体：小四号 Times New Roman.
3、单倍行距。
4、Keywords： 四号 加粗。 词3-5个，小四号 Times New Roman. 词间空一格。
六、绪论 小二号黑体加粗居中。内容500字左右，小四号宋体，行距：20磅
(一)正文用小四号宋体
(二)安保、管理类毕业论文各章节按照一、二、三、四、五级标题序号字体格式
章：标题 小二号黑体，加粗，居中。
节：标题 小三号黑体，加粗，居中。
一级标题序号 如：一、二、三、 标题四号黑体，加粗，顶格。
二级标题序号 如：(一)(二)(三) 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，顶格。
三级标题序号 如：. 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。
四级标题序号 如：(1)(2)(3) 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。
五级标题序号 如：①②③ 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。
医学、体育类毕业论文各章序号用阿拉伯数字编码，层次格式为：1××××(小2号黑体，居中)××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。××××(3号黑体，居左)×××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。××××(小3号黑体，居左)××××××××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。①××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)a.××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)
(三)表格
每个表格应有自己的表序和表题，表序和表题应写在表格上方正中。表序后空一格书写表题。表格允许下页接续写，表题可省略，表头应重复写，并在右上方写“续表××”。
(四)插图
每幅图应有图序和图题，图序和图题应放在图位下方居中处。图应在描图纸或在洁白纸上用墨线绘成，也可以用计算机绘图。
(五)论文中的图、表、公式、算式等，一律用阿拉伯数字分别依序连编编排序号。序号分章依序编码，其标注形式应便于互相区别，可分别为：图、表、公式()等。
文中的阿拉伯数字一律用半角标示。
小二号黑体加粗居中。内容300字左右，小四号宋体，行距：20磅。
小二号黑体加粗居中。内容小四号宋体，行距：20磅
(一)小二号黑体加粗居中。内容8—10篇， 五号宋体， 行距：20磅。参考文献以文献在整个论文中出现的次序用[1]、[2]、[3]……形式统一排序、依次列出。
(二)参考文献的格式：
著作：[序号]作者.译者.书名.版本.出版地.出版社.出版时间.引用部分起止页
期刊：[序号]作者.译者.文章题目.期刊名.年份.卷号(期数). 引用部分起止页
会议论文集：[序号]作者.译者.文章名.文集名 .会址.开会年.出版地.出版者.出版时间.引用部分起止页
十一、附录(可略去)
小二号黑体加粗居中。 英文内容小四号 Times New Roman. 单倍行距。翻译成中文字数不少于500字 内容五号宋体，行距：20磅。
十二、提示
The horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) belong to the 兰 surname germ for cent of the Cs streptococci, include the horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (Streptococcus. equi subsp. Equi),the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus)with horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (S. equi subsp. equisi milis).That germ can pass external injury,surgical operation,or cure etc. the path infect various animals, causing diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis,meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)...etc..Its particular gene expression outcome is pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special meaning. Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a information of make use of the living creature's learn(Bioinformatics) can adjust to control to carry on the estimate and analysis to the function and expression of the gene, the province goes to a trivial experiment to investigate, providing the instruction direction for the experiment function and sequence of the gene are closely-related, when the likeness that is a sequence exceeds certain scope, they carry out same function probably, pass will don't know the function sequence with have already known the contrast of the function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a sequence to correspond function. The purpose of this topic research is to be learn with the living creature information Be the theories foundation usage tool software with according to WEB on-line service to some a do not know the horse streptococci gene carry on a series of analysis, the result integrate, predicting the function of this gene expression outcome thus. The horse streptococci P50 gene sequence length is a 100 BPs, the whole gene has a to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs, coding 100 amino acids 残基s. The horse streptococci P50 the gene sequence entered the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, handle stuffs with the form and list of the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over to the data server to go forward to act like the source index(the homology Search).Many living creature information centers all have the BLAST server of the specialized applied http:www. last?(Circulate , the United States, the maintenance GenBank)Then the result detection of the basis BLAST index(Search) and the protein of the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence expression together the source is the tallest of 3 kinds of protein one by one in order is 123The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence into the amino acids sequence, the result manifestation P50 gene sequence translates 20 amino acidses totally. Will and the horse streptococci P50 amino acids sequence together source the high sequence inputs to the tool software respectively, carrying on evolving a tree(the Phylogenetic Tree) to draw. Hand over the horse streptococci P50 amino acidses(the Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) to the professional website in, can immediately predict the second class structure of that amino acids make use of a software analysis P50 gene protein physics and chemistry property. The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(the Evolutionary theory) gave comparison the gene set to learn to provide the theories relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence is a source(homology) together more sequences together the source is more high, may express the function of the outcome(the Expression Product) very much so more the sorting to the , according to discover the horse streptococci P50 genes express of may be the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a kind of bottom thing combine, participate the metals transport system(the Transport System) to constitute directly, the kind's transport system has in the germ from process acquire nourishment inside the host(HOST) body to close an important kind of egg white is the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a conveyance,such as the bottom thing of the metals ions, such as iron,manganese and zinc...etc., combine, we can call it as the streptococci metals to combine the fat egg white.(the Metal binding lipoproteins, MBLS)This kind of egg white is a kind of poisonous dint factor(the virulent factor) of the horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) is a germ with the result that the foundation of the disease to the horse streptococci physiology bio-chemical characteristic and pathogenic have very important influence and the meaning.
Abstract: The village is one of China's most important grass-roots level of rural social organizations, to promote the economic development of the village, play an important role in democratic politics. However, many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.
Abstract Personnel Management System is a business unit indispensable part of its content for business decision-makers and managers, are essential, so the personnel management system should be able to provide users with adequate information and efficient means for. Company to the initial implementation of a computerized personnel management, personnel management computer in the preliminary application received. So that personnel managers are always based on accurate and timely information to decision-making personnel, and management. Only computer to be modern society, have increased the amount of information and personnel, the timely collection, processing, finishing, storage, retrieval, transmission, feedback to policy makers. To play its unique features. Namely: (1) on the importation of personnel data, numerical computing and logical operators, to solve various problems. (2) the personnel information processing to solve the problem of data processing, personnel decision-makers to provide the basis for the decision-making. (3) of the personnel management of data and computer sequence, a memory storage capacity. Practice has proved that when the amount of information management and complexity of the reach a certain limit, that is, the management of labor intensity over its sustainability, it must adopt new management tools, namely the use of computer technology information collection, processing, transmission and depositors Receptacles, and personnel can use the basis of information, efficient, reasonable, appropriate management. In this way, personnel information system with computer applications, development and continuous improvement, computer information management personnel in the position of benefits is important. Because of this, to achieve modernization of Personnel Management, a scientific management methods and advanced technological means in order to maximize the efficiency of personnel management. Modern personnel work in increasing the amount of information, confidentiality is growing, and continuously improve the density of information, relying on traditional management methods and means of operation have been unable to do a good job in personnel management. The computer as a data-processing systems, personnel management has gradually become an important means of modernization, in personnel management are playing an important role. Generally speaking, computer information systems and personnel in the role are: (1) were faster than the computer can provide information to the value of personnel data; (2) than the computer can provide updated personnel data; (3) than the computer can provide more accurate personnel data; (4) the computer can handle more than one of the personnel data, and so on. That is why we use the computer replace the personnel manual to establish information systems, computer and personnel information systems, the primary function can be summarized in the following three points: First, can be highly efficient, high-capacity gathering, processing, storage and personnel information, significantly improve the personnel management information system for the quality and efficiency. Second, can make the best of the entire personnel management system of comprehensive, accurate system to provide the personnel information, personnel can work to promote the standardization and management system and the system of indicators and sound, thereby enhancing the level of administration. Third, can provide the processing of personnel information, to meet the special requirements of personnel management, adapt to the new situation on the faculty ranks of the new requirements and help options, the optimal decision-making. At present, the number of units and personnel departments for computer applications also limited to a simple stand-alone applications, with the passage of time, the complex task, the needs of users, their applications will be expanded. In short, the extensive application of computer, computer and personnel management information system established, adapted to the socio-economic objective of the requirements of modern personnel management is a big step forward. Today we use computers to the personnel files of the initial management of the modernization of the development and use, it has greatly enhanced the personnel management of the working efficiency of workers, the personnel management (file, wages) in heavy manual extricate themselves with more Creative energy in the management of activities which enable decision-making, planning and other management activities more scientific, accurate and flexible. Therefore, the establishment of computer and personnel management information system is an inevitable trend in the development of an objective. While in the area of personnel management generally can not use a computer, but the long term, personnel management and computer modernization is not split. Neglect or refuse to use computer technology, it is impossible to truly and fully realize the modernization of Personnel Management. As China's economy, technology, and strengthen the development of human resources management, we must strive to create conditions, promote the use of modern computer and personnel management. For the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and work hard
The village committee is the most grass-roots level in rural areas and most important social organizations, to promote the economic development of the village, play an important role in democratic politics. However, many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.
That the village shifts a meeting is China grass-roots unit is also the most important rural area Kultur most , have the important effect to promoting village economic growth , strengthening democracy and encouraging democratic participation. But the village committee meeting in Chinese many village exists in name only , whose legitimacy accepts people's questioning , cause a village to shift the former a lot of important meeting function also having no way to bring into play, the village is assuming an exhibition "atomization" that trend. That the actual authority thinking that the village shifts a meeting since "tort" of the countryside government can be used, stems from the main body of a book is that the country authorizes , the village shifts the political power at the grassroots level that the house represents and local society benefit parts for, lead to village meeting society of committee thereby support the insufficiency that the basis joins and the legitimacy reduction.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、
毕业论文页码的设置方法有哪些
难忘的大学生活将要结束，大家都知道毕业生要通过毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备、有计划的检验学生学习成果的形式，那么应当如何写毕业论文呢？下面是我为大家收集的毕业论文页码的设置方法有哪些，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
毕业论文页码的设置方法有以下两种简单方法：
毕业论文页码的设置方法（1）
毕业论文一般要求前几页页码采用罗马数字，后面采用阿拉伯数字，本文以word2003为例介绍如下：
建议大家在按照这种方法设置时，先把自己曾经设置过的页码删除，以确保按下列步骤一次成功。删除的方式是：用鼠标双击已插入的页码数字，激活“页眉和页脚”对话框，选中页码数字后按“Delete”键，关闭“页眉和页脚”对话框即可。
单击菜单“插入—页码”，打开页码对话框，点击左下角的'“格式”，打开“页码格式”对话框，在数字格式中选择I，II，III，在“起始页码”后选择I，确定即可
将光标定位于需要开始编阿拉伯数字页码的页首位置，选择“插入—分隔符”，打开“分隔符”对话框，在“分隔符类型”下单击选中“下一页”选项，确定。此时，会出现一页空白页，先不用管它。
双击你将要编码为1的页脚，将光标定位于页脚处，在“页眉和页脚”工具栏中单击“链接到前一个”按钮。
然后在“页眉和页脚”工具栏中选择“设置页码格式”按钮，打开“页码格式”对话框。在数字格式处选择1，2，3，“起始页码”后的框中键入相应起始数字1，确定。
单击”关闭“按钮关闭“页眉和页脚”工具栏。
回到刚刚插入分隔符出现的空白页，将光标定位到此页，空白处单击一下，按“Delete”键即可删除。
毕业论文页码的设置方法（2）
一般情况：（要求不同，可能不同）
1、首页封面、次页目录不设页码不设页码；
2、摘要开始到正文前，使用罗马数字：
（1）把光标置于第三页的第一个字符前：页面布局－－页面设置－－分隔符－分节符下一页，插入分节符下一页；
（2）取消节间链接：双击页脚，进入页脚编辑状态，页眉和页脚工具－－设计－－导航－－链接到前一条页眉，按一下这个按钮，使之失活；
（3）插入页码后，然后“设置页码格式”，设置编号格式：I，II，III，……；起始页码：修改“1”，点击确定；
3、在正文开始页用同样方法分节，插入页码，设置页码编号格式为1、2、3，起始页为 1。
【拓展内容】
具体操作步骤如下：
一、“首页‘封面’、次页‘目录’不设页码”的不做任何操作。
二、“第三、四页‘摘要’页码需使用罗马数字I，II，III，……”
1、把光标置于第三页的页首：点击菜单栏－插入－分隔符－分节符类型－连续，然后点确定；
2、点击菜单栏－视图－页眉和页脚－（出现“页眉和页脚”浮动工具栏），把光标置于第三页页脚，点击取消“链接到前一个”（按钮是“两个平行页”），此时页脚虚框右上角的“与上一节相同”就消失了。；
3、点“设置页码格式”（按钮是“手和页”）－页码编排－数字格式：I，II，III，……；起始页码：修改“1”，点击确定。；
4、点“插入页码”（按钮是“纸上一个#”）；
5、关闭“‘页眉和页脚’浮动工具栏”。
三、“从第五页起‘正文’页码要使用阿拉伯数字1，2，3，…… ”
1、将光标置于第五页的页首，参考上面二、1、的设置；
2、参考上面二、2、的设置，使“与上一节相同”消失；
3、点击“设置页码格式”－页码编排－数字格式：1，2，3，……；起始页码：同样修改“1”，点确定；
4、参考上面二、4、的操作；
5、参考上面二、5、的操作。
页码要求如下：1、摘要之前的页面（如论文标题页、致谢、声明），不加页码； 2、目录页使用罗马数字（从“Ⅰ”开始标注）； 3、正文页使用阿拉伯数字（从“1”开始标注）；
Human resources management, is through recruitment, selection, training, compensation and other forms of management related to human resources within and outside the organization for effective use of current and future development to meet organizational needs, to ensure realization of the objectives and the members of the development is maximized. As the socialist market economy's rapid Fa Zhan, human resources management in the enterprise Zuoyong also becoming increasingly important, a company on whether a large extent, the quality of the level of staff or Qujue Yu, depends on human resources management In the enterprise management level of priority. The main content of human resource management: human resource planning and selection, training and development, incentives, performance evaluation, compensation management, safety and welfare. This is to a travel agency, for example, complaints about how staff travel to the front desk to appeal several aspects of management. Questions added: re-translated more than these terms, "human resources management", "guarantee", "training"
Since the new century,Chinesesociety entered atransitional the filmindustrializationpace to accelerate,toimprove industrial efficiency,the revolutionary history thememovie creation on theTV series"bright sword"for examplefocuses on thetheme,characterization,and other aspects of narrativeanalysissomedo everything in one's addition,this paper also analyzes thedefects ofthe newcentury,the revolutionary history thememoviecreation,so as toexplore the neweraofrevolutionary history thememoviecreation characteristicandtries to make somereference to thenew revolutionaryhistorical themefilm and televisioncreation offuture development.您要翻译的是不是：baidutranslate
This paper describes the Xerox income of the fraud, and revenue from the analytic corrupt practices Xerox Corporation; introduced after the early recognition of income, false income, business and non-operating income, narrow the income postponed conceal these types of revenue manipulation Practices, and from financial pressures, ineffective supervision, the manager of the high remuneration and industry pressure to pursue four areas to study the causes of fraud income and finally made some response strategy: improving governance and regulations related to fraud, give full play to independence Director of the board of supervisors, the CPA's oversight role, improve the stock options incentive mechanism and the development of new products.