毕业论文认知语言学

英语语言学毕业论文哪些题目好写？ 一、英语语言学毕业论文题目：1、中西语言方式对比2、 词汇学3、 近代英语语言的衍变二、英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成：理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。 理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识、英语变体、英语学习策略等。 基础理论模块由英语语言学概论执行，内容涉及语言的各种属性、语言学的学科知识、语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、语言与心理、语言与文化、语言习得等。 研究方法模块通过介绍语言学研究的设计与分析方法，帮助学生掌握从事语言研究的本领，并直接与本科毕业论文的写作挂钩。 三、毕业论文，泛指专科毕业论文、本科毕业论文（学士学位毕业论文）、硕士研究生毕业论文（硕士学位论文）、博士研究生毕业论文（博士学位论文）等，即需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文，是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。 语言学英语专业毕业论文哪个方面比较好写？ 说实话毕业论文弄好的话还是比较烦人的，准备了两个星期也没弄出来，题目全被否决了，老师又不给现成的题目，选题都麻烦的不得了，最后直接找VIP英语论文网的帮我的，值得庆幸的是我还好找VIP英语论文网的老师帮了忙，还辅导我熟悉了论文，还有答辩的问题，老师也没发现有什么问题，还是顺利的通过了，嘿嘿 对于英语专业的学生来说应该如何学习语言学论文答辩,最好300字以 名词化的语篇功能330诺曼时期法语对英语词汇的影响339浅谈英语虚拟语气的语用功能340浅谈英语虚拟语气及其语用功能345浅析二十世纪计算机英语词汇的构成特点346浅析汉英动物谚语中的文化348浅析英汉语言中的性别歧视现象及其根源349浅析英语禁忌语及其发展352浅析英语无标志被动句356浅议译者能力359认知语言学角度下“within” 的空间隐喻意义365商标英语汉译的原则和方法384体育新闻英语文体研究375社会语言学视野中的网络语言418新闻英语中的语法特点研究423颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性425移就的审美价值和生成基础426以认知为基础的颜色隐喻研究428隐喻认知功能研究的新视角429隐喻与一词多义的关系438英汉被动句对比研究439英汉宾语类型差异的认知原因440英汉动词非谓语用法之比较研究442英汉否定问句的答句对比研究443英汉汉英双关语及其翻译研究444英汉合成词构词对比研究446英汉名词短语修饰模式比较447英汉拟声词异同探讨448英汉人称代词运用对比研究449英汉人名的比较研究450英汉时间的空间隐喻对比研究451英汉习语的文化共性和个性的研究453英汉颜色词的引申义的文化差别454英汉颜色词跨域对比分析？—以RED和红为例458英汉隐喻性词汇对比研究462英汉语中红绿色文化比较468英语道歉方式研究 语言学论文的研究思路怎么写 语言学论文的困惑：选题是否有新意或价值，选题是否可行，选题如何打开思路。 一、选题原则：选题要新颖，选题路径：学科、方向、领域、课题、话题、问题，解决方法、效果评估。 选题方向：学科前沿课题，特别是学科交叉性课题，有扩展空间和创新余地。 二、误区：前辈研究很多的东西，没有多少好研究的，在前人的基础上不容再攀高峰。 这需要看研究目标、看研究问题，看研究框架，润物细无声，于无声处听惊雷，时代在进补，科学在发展，流水不腐户枢不蠹，多元化思考，发散思维，去研究人家没有研究过的东西一定有价值，同时前辈的研究成果也可去粗取精，继承学术也要与时俱进，有创新才有发展。 三、从选题找创新：面向新的语言现象（网络时代、自媒体时代语言的研究）、面向旧的语言现象（旧有语言的发展和继承，交叉发展进化等），面向特定语言理论（补充、修正、完善）、面向学科交叉点（社会心理学与语用学：语码转换、符号代替等。 ）理论研究：寻求共性（语言共性、语用共性、认知共性等）。 应用研究：寻求对策（面向规划政策、实践（教学、口语化应用、翻译、矫正等。 ）。 四、那些选题不会有创新：选题太大，太泛，如语法的认知研究，汉语英语系统的对不分析，认知语法初探等。 太微观没有一般理论性价值。 选题太大，容易重复别人的研究。 结论指向容易归结的常识化和空泛化。 怎样写语言学论文 How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third Edition To be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the ＂pronunciation＂. To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, etc.... and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, etc.......... It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school.*************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. ******************* Speaking:In China, you won"t have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences).Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English. My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed. Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc.... Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring.*****Now, I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General is the time to switch to ＂Your Major in English＂ ******************************* Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most people. Skills are as important as mastering another language. General English helps people to communicate with each other in their lives. Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest, to earn money for your living for the people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study, ... 中文系 关于语言学的论文题目 and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent and prominence is also defined differently;s build a fire. Táá diné "ooljéé". A syllable can be divided into three parts. In English only long vowels and diphthongs can occur in open syllablesOn suprasegmental features 一. Introduction So far we have been talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments: phonetic. (Hawaiian) On the other hand. The study of phonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment, are known as suprasegmental features, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is known as prosody.二. Syllable The most obvious prosodic feature in language is the syllable, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. A syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with coda is called a closed syllable. It mainly includes syllable, stress, pitch, that is, onset; they must end in a consonant (Navaho): Háá"ishah dididiljah;syllable". In this paper, I will talk about the suprasegmental features in great detail, that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant, suprasegmental.) In other languages, syllables are always closed. Let"s briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts, although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept ", tone. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word begins in a glottal stop, and production of stress is generally believed to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used for unstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllables have one characteristic in common, and that is “prominence”. Roach has manifested that at least four different factors are important to make a syllable prominent:i) Loudness: Most people seem to feel that stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words, loudness is a component of ) Length: The length of syllables has an important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longer than the others will be heard as ) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closely related to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musical notion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with a pitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have a strong tendency to produce the effect of ) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominent if it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels. Languages differ in how they use ) In some languages, each syllable is equally stressed or unstressed,as in Cambodian2) the syllable in each word is more stressed. The place of stress is fixed on a certain syllable:1) initial. Finnish, Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages2) penultimate. Polish,3) final. ) Complex set of rules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules for stress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllable word: síkwi meat; in words of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or on the first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on the next to last syllable: wunúvtu stand up) The place of stress is ) In Russian the stress is completely random: xoroshó， xoró) In English the stress is more predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longer word receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and often renders differences in meaning: project/to project, produce/produce, and insult/ to insult. Some languages have more than one stress per word: English is such a language. In English, words of four syllables or more have a primary and a secondary stress. Some English compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of the compound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/noun combinations. Sentence stress in English According to He Shanfen (1992), English sentence stress has two main functions：⑴ to indicate the important words in the sentence； ⑵ to serve as the basis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence. Consequently, in connected English speech, sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry the basic meaning of a sentence, . nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those which are usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which show grammatical relationships, such as articles,...

看看别人写的语言学题目，也许对你有启发：1，从逻辑纯理功能出发对一篇英文散文及其3个中译文的对比语言学分析2，认知语言学与文化差异的语言翻译3，巴赫金的超语言学理论与交际能力的培养4，认知语言学框架下的歇后语研究商务英语呢则如下：1，商务英语语用失误及其文化解读2，用英语语篇分析引导商务英语阅读经贸英语如下：1，经贸英语中against的常见用法译评2，经贸英语翻译技巧3，经贸英语词汇时代经贸4，经贸合同英语翻译中的词法准确性5，经贸英语中的动词不定式现象我的毕业论文是《浅论现代电子商务英语邮件的格式及语言特征》好好思考吧。

认知语言学对英汉时间的隐喻及其文化的理解

论文摘 要 :作为抽象的时间,认知学和学家们研究表明隐喻是人们对抽象概念认识和表达的最有效手法。隐喻的使用说明了其在人类语言中的普遍性和各认知的共性;同时,隐喻概念也很受到民族文化等因素的影响,因此也存在着一定的文化差异。  隐喻是认知语言学的一个很重要的概念,它是指将熟悉的、具体的、有形的语义域概念映现或投射于抽象的无形的概念。它不仅是一种语言中的修辞手段,它实际上表达了两个不相似或不同领域的概念之间的相互影响,它存在于人的广泛的认知系统里。Lakoff和Johnson(1980,1999)强调指出人们头脑中的概念系统的大部分都是由隐喻性的关系构成的。时间概念隐喻是用隐喻的方法来表达时间的。由于时间具有着很强的抽象性,所以人们在认识、表述时间时就得用一些熟悉的、具体的、有形的概念来代替表达,即借助于另一个语义范畴里的某个相关概念、表述来表达时间,如“时间就是金钱”、“时光飞转”等。当然如若文化不同,那么对于时间的概念隐喻也就不同了;即使时间概念隐喻相同,和这些概念隐喻相对应的语言表达也有差异。英汉文化中均有“时间是实体”、“时间是空间”的概念隐喻,但相对应的语言表达却不全都相同。Lakoff和Johnson的研究表明,“隐喻的本质是用一种事情或经验理解和经历另一种事情和经验。”隐喻最基本的功能是表达不可表达的事物和思想。Lakoff在《人们赖以生存的隐喻》一书中列举的隐喻大致分为三类:方位隐喻(Orientational Metaphor)、实体隐喻(Ontological Metaphor)和结构隐喻(Structural Metaphor)。其结构的基本形式为“A是B”:A是被描写的对象,即目标;B是用来描写对象的项,即喻源。概念隐喻是将喻源域的结构框架投射到目标域上,投射实现的依据是意象图式。 一、英中时间概念隐喻的相似性 由于人类在概念形成上具有相似性,很多语言都有着类似的隐喻表达,英汉有很多时间隐喻同时为两种文化都共有的,即反映出相同的认知方式。(汪少华,2006)时间概念隐喻有三大类:时间是金钱(Time is money)、时间是实体(Time is entity)、时间是空间(Time is space)的隐喻概念。 (一)时间是金钱——结构隐喻(Structural Metaphor) 结构隐喻是指用一种概念的结构构建另一种概念,使两种概念相叠加,用谈论一种概念的各方面词语来谈论另一概念。通常是用喻源域中具体的或比较熟悉的概念去类比目标域中抽象的或比较陌生的概念。两个概念表现的客观事物不同,不过认知结构不变,各自的构成成分存在不变的对应关系。把时间比做金钱或有价的东西,也是一种常见的结构隐喻。劳动是人们创造价值的一种方式,把劳动的时间作为衡量价值的标准,时间也就变成了具有价值的东西,特别是商品以后,时间和金钱的就有着更紧密关系了。例1:时间是金钱(Time is money);例2:一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴;例3:时间宝贵、节省时间、计划好时间、浪费时间、花时间、用光时间。在中如例1以及汉语中如例2,时间都直接被比做金钱,另外两种语言更是把金钱和时间看成一样的,通过“金钱”这个喻源概念来构造“时间”这个目标概念。谈论money的所有词语都可以用于谈论time,时间被当作金钱一样宝贵的`东西。时间和金钱一样,也可以花、浪费、节省和计划。 英:How did you spend your time these days? 汉:他花了两天才完成作业。 两种语言都把时间比成金钱,这就又从另一个方面说明了人类思维的共性。即英语和汉语中时间是金钱的相似的隐喻概念并不是偶然出现的。 (二)时间是实体——实体隐喻(Ontological Metaphor) 人们最初的生存是物质性的,人类对物体的经验为我们将抽象的概念表达,理解为“实体”提供了物质基础,由此派生出另一类隐喻——实体隐喻(束定方,2000)。在这类隐喻概念中,人们将抽象的和模糊的思想、感情、心理活动、事件、状态等无形的概念看作是具体的、有形的实体,因而可以对其进行谈论、量化,识别其特征及原因等。就如同人类空间方位的基本经验导致了方向性隐喻一样,有关物体为各种不同的本体隐喻提供了参考。时间也是这样,如“时间给他开了个玩笑”,这句话将时间隐喻为人;“时间好像静止了”,此句将时间看作一个运动的实体。这种隐喻在语言中很多,以至于我们都意识不到它们是隐喻。实体隐喻最典型的具有代表性的是容器隐喻(Container Metaphor)。人是独立于周围世界以外的实体,每个人本身就是一个容器,有身体分界面、里外等。人们将这种概念投射于人体以外的其他物体,如房子、丛林、田野、地区,甚至将一些无形的、抽象的事件、行为、活动、状态也看作一个容器。尽管时间看不见、摸不着,无始无终,无边无涯,人们却都将时间设想成有边界的实体,我们可以看到某一相对的时间有边界,可以丈量。如半夜里、三小时之外、今天之外、一个星期内(中)、一年内。 1、半夜里,寺院里钟声不断。 2、两年时间里,学校一直在为新一轮的本科评估做准备。 3、The world exists in space and time. 4、He ran the mile in record time. (三)时间是空间——方位隐喻(Orientational Metaphor) 方位隐喻是参照空间方位而组建的隐喻概念。空间防卫来源于人们与大自然的相互作用,是人们赖以生存的最基本的概念:上-下、前-后、深-浅、中心-边缘等。方位概念是人们较早产生的、可以直接理解的概念,在此基础上,人们将其他抽象的概念,如情绪、身体状况、数量、地位等投射于这些具体的方位概念上,形成了用表示方位的词语表达抽象的,用在时间的表达,如: 1、昨天下午,在天安门广场有一场公益演出。 2、两天后,我收到了广西大学的录取通知书。 3、Time is up. 4、Michal Jackson were a bit before my time. 正如Gluckberg ,Keysar&McGlone所说:“人类语言的一个普遍特性,甚至说,人类思维的一个普遍特性,是系统地使用空间概念和词汇来喻指时间概念。”在英汉两种语言中我们都找到了以上这样的实例,在生活中还有更多这样的表达。 二、英中时间概念隐喻的差异性 时间隐喻是指将非时间概念结构投射到时间概念结构上的隐喻。时间是看不见、摸不着的,人类也不具有能感知时间的器官,所以时间必须靠其他具体的概念来表述,要借事物、运动、方位等观念以隐喻的方式来理解,这是时间隐喻形成的生理基础。理解时间的来源不同,时间隐喻方式不同。英汉在这方面有相似性,就像上文提到的三种隐喻模式。同时,虽然隐喻模式相似,但由于文化、价值观念以及经历等方面的差异性,又导致许多不同的时间隐喻表达,如汉语里常把时间喻作“箭”,有“光阴似箭”之说,而则把时间比做“鸟”,有“How time flies”、“the bird of time”的说法。再如东方人根据对自然周期云状的观察,如昼夜更替、月份和季节的周期轮换,人的生老病死和生长周期、劳作更迭,归纳出时间自身复归的观念(时间是不停运动的圆),以及与其相适应的人的活动和思维方式、性格及交际行为(方略、方式、风格)。而西方的则认为时间有起点,它或者在创造万物的上帝那儿,或从创世纪开始,它也必有终端这样,时间就是一条直线,单向地持续运动:时间在前进,流逝,飞行……“岁月飞快地消逝”;“我的生命行程”;“岁月刚刚结束它的进程”。这种时间观念显然与东方文化时间观念相去甚远,这种时间观念自然塑造了与其相适应的人们的生活方式、思维方式、民族性格和交际行为(贾玉新,1997)。 三、结束语 以上例证从一定程度上证明,隐喻是人类基本的认知现象,它是由于人类的语言、思维及文化的不同而不同。汉语和英语中有关于时间的相似表达说明隐喻作为人类基本的认知活动是有其普遍性的。区别是不同民族的认知活动是基于其文化和不同的思维方式,所以对隐喻的理解又得借助于它自身的文化背景来理解。 (作者单位:广西大学外国语学院) 【参考文献】 1、赵艳芳.认知语言学概论[M].上海出版社,2000. 2、贾玉新.跨文化交际学[M].上海外语教育出版社,1997. 3、关世杰.跨文化交流学——提高涉外交流能力的学问[M].北京大学出版社,1995. 4、庄恩平.东差异与对外交流[M].华东理工大学出版社,1998. 5、Johnson Body in the Mind:The Bodily Basis of Meaning Imagination and Reason[M].University of Chicago Press,1957. 6、Lakofff & Johnson Metaphors We Live By [M].University of Chicago Press,1980. 7、束定方.隐喻学研究[M].上海外语教育出版社,2000. 8、汪少华.从时间隐喻看隐喻的双重性[J].外语教学与研究,2006(2).

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