钢结构实验室毕业论文

摘要： 钢结构建筑本身具有自重轻、强度高、施工快等优点，与其他建筑工程相比，更具有在“高、大、轻”三个方面发展的独特优势。随着改革开放，我国的钢铁产量有了突飞猛进的发展，特别是1997年以后，我国的钢产量突破1亿吨，尽管我国是世界的钢铁产量的大国，但在钢铁应用上只占产量的3%左右。近几年随着国家经济建设的发展，特别是2008年奥运会场馆设施、首都钢铁公司的搬迁、同时十五期间我国将钢结构住宅作为重点推广的项目。为此，国家外经贸委会同冶金部制定了在建筑工程中推广使用钢结构的一系列政策措施，鼓励建筑工程采用钢结构形式，争取在2010年建筑钢结构的用量达到总钢产量的6%，使一个发展建筑钢结构行业和市场的势头正在我国出现。

关键词：钢结构；钢结构特点；发展趋势

钢结构工程同其他结构工程相比，具有材料强度高、抗震性能好、工业化生产程度高、密闭性能好、安全更可靠的特点，决定了过去在一些高度或跨度较大的结构，荷载或吊车起重量很大的结构、有较大振动的结构、高温车间的结构、密封要求很高的结构、要求能活动或经常装拆的结构、桥梁结构中应用比较广。随着改革开放和经济发展，钢结构工程正从跨度大、多层或高层、耐热性等要求高的工业建筑足见向民用建筑发展。

1从我国钢材生产上看，越来越给钢结构建筑发展创造了非常好的物质基础。随着我国经济的发展，随着老钢厂的不断更新，新钢厂不断崛起，越来越多的钢铁基地为了适应市场的需要，成品钢材的品种越来越齐全，热轧H型钢、彩色钢板、冷弯型钢的生产能力大大提高，为钢结构发展创造了重要的条件。其他钢结构中型钢、及涂镀层钢板都有明显增长，产品质量有较大提高。耐火、耐候钢、超薄热轧H型钢等一批新型钢已开始在工程中应用，为钢结构发展创造了条件。

2从设计、施工、钢结构工业化生产看，越来越多的标志性钢结构建筑，已经足够证明我国的钢结构建筑无论从设计到施工，还是从设计到钢结构构件的工业化生产加工，专业钢结构设计人员的素质在实践中得到不断提高，一批有特色有实力的专业研究所、设计院、建筑施工单位、施工监理单位都在日臻成熟，专业性、技术性、规模化更加完善。

随着钢结构建筑的遍地开花，我国各地分别建起了钢结构的标志性建筑，如：世界第三高度421米的上海金茂大厦，具有国际领先水平、高度279米的深圳赛格大厦，跨度1490米的润扬长江大桥，跨度550米的上海卢浦大桥，345米高的跨长江输电铁塔，以及首都国际机场，鸟巢国家体育中心，首钢钢结构厂房建筑群等等许多采用钢结构建筑体系的重要工程，标志着建筑钢结构正向高层重型和空间大跨度钢结构发展。

3从钢结构应用范围看，我国的钢结构建筑正从高层重型和空间大跨度工业和公共建筑钢结构向住在发展。近年来，随着城市建设的发展和高层建筑的增多，我国钢结构发展十分迅速，钢结构住宅作为一种绿色环保建筑，已被建设部列为重点推广项目。其实，我国钢结构住宅起步很晚，只是改革开放后，从国外引进了一些低层和多层钢结构住宅，才使我们有了学习与借鉴的机会。1986年意大利钢铁公司和冶金部建筑研究总院合作介绍一种低层钢结构住宅建筑体系——Bsis，并在冶金部建筑研究总院院内建造一栋二层钢结构住宅样板房；1988年日本积水株式会社赠送上海同济大学二栋钢结构住宅（二层），建在同济新村中；90年代个别国外公司为推广其产品在北京、上海等地建立多层钢结构办公、住宅楼。大规模研究开发、设计制造、施工安装钢结构住宅还是近几年才发展起来。这说明了钢结构住宅的发展势头良好。

4钢结构作为绿色环保产品，与传统的混凝土结构相比较，具有自重轻、强度高、抗震性能好等优点。适合于活荷载占总荷载比例较小的结构，更适合与大跨度空间结构、高耸构筑物并适合在软土地基上建造。也符合环境保护与节约、集约利用资源的国策，其综合经济效益越来越为各方投资者所认同，客观上将促使设计者和开发商们选择钢结构。也正是钢结构建筑的这些优点和实用性，引起了政府的高度重视和推广，并把钢结构住宅作为我国十五期间的重点推广项目。

5钢结构的发展趋势表明，我国发展钢结构存在着巨大的市场潜力和发展前景。这存在的'巨大市场潜力和发展前景及趋势，主要来源于：

（1）我国自1996年开始钢产量超过一亿吨，居世界首位。1998年投产的轧制H型钢系列给钢结构发展创造了良好的物质基础。

（2）高效的焊接工艺和新的焊接、切割设备的应用以及焊接材料的开发应用，都为发展钢结构工程创造了良好的技术条件。

（3）1997年11月建设部发布的《中国建筑技术政策》中，明确提出发展建筑钢材、建筑钢结构和建筑钢结构施工工艺的具体要求，使我国长期以来实行的“合理用钢”政策转变为“鼓励用钢”政策。将为促进钢结构的推广应用起到积极的作用。

（4）钢结构行业将出现一批有特色有实力的专业设计院、研究所，年产量超过20万吨的大型钢结构制造厂，有几十家技术一流、设备先进的施工安装企业，上千家中小企业相互补充、协调发展，逐步形成较规范的竞争市场。

6发展钢结构住宅是我国住宅产业化的必由之路。住宅产业化是我国住宅业发展的必由之路，这将成为推动我国经济发展新的增长点。钢结构住宅体系易于实现工业化生产，标准化制作，与之相配套的墙体材料可以采用节能、环保的新型材料，它属绿色环保性建筑，可再生重复利用，符合可持续发展的战略，因此钢结构体系住宅成套技术的研究成果必将大大促进住宅产业化的快速发展，直接影响着我国住宅产业的发展水平和前途。

随着钢结构建筑的发展，钢结构住宅建筑技术也必将不断的成熟，大量的适合钢结构住宅的新材料也将不断的涌现，同时，钢结构行业建筑规范、建筑标准也将随之逐渐完善。相信不久的将来，钢结构住宅必然会给住宅产业和建筑行业带来了一场深层次的革命。

“钢结构是环保住宅，钢结构符合可持续发展概念”——21世纪钢结构将占领广阔的建筑市场。在我国目前大力推广住宅产业化的时代背景下，钢结构体系必将成为住宅结构体系的主流。展望未来，随着经济建设的蓬勃发展和交流的进一步扩大，要建造更多的高层建筑、桥梁和大型公共场所、新型的智能化小区等建筑物的需求十分旺盛。这将为钢结构的发展提供更多的机会，钢结构产业兴旺发展的新局面就在眼前。

现在我国钢结构研究已进入一个新阶段，有关规范和标准已出台，国内钢产量充足，为钢结构住宅的发展提供了较好的物质和技术基础。应及时把握其发展趋势，结合我国国情，积极借鉴并吸纳国外成熟技术，注意各专业间的相互配合，促进钢结构住宅产业化发展，相信我国钢结构住宅的发展前景是美好的。

太长了，超过了10000字发不了。我这里先给你个英文的你加我QQ我给你中文的两部分不会弄，你加我QQ我发给你吧，加分啊395886292 <英文版> Talling building and Steel construction Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general. Spectacular archievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings. The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structual systems. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, other architectural details. In addition,excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because their perception of such systems of reinforced concrete,as well as steel,take full advantage of inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore require additional stiffening to limit the sway. In a steel structure,for example,the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the A in Fig .1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories. Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads. The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium. Systems in steel. Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations. The innovations have been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings. Frame with rigid belt trusses. In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses,a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used. A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building(1974) in Milwaukee. Framed tube. The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building, for both strength and stiffness,to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column element can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground. This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago. The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 110-story World Trade Center building in New York Column-diagonal truss tube. The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members interesting at the centre line of the columns and beams. This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Centre in Chicago, using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional 40-story building. Bundled tube. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings, the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency. The 110-story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tube, bundled at the base of the building in three rows. Some of these individual tubes terminate at different heights of the building, demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept. The Sears tower, at a height of 1450 ft(442m), is the world’s tallest building. Stressed-skin tube system. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind and earthquake) and the control of drift (lateral building movement ) in high-rise building. The stressed-skin tube takes the tube system a step further. The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the façade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings, and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area. Because of the contribution of the stressed-skin façade, the framed members of the tube require less mass, and are thus lighter and less expensive. All the typical columns andspandrel beams are standard rolled shapes,minimizing the use and cost of special built-up members. The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reduced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space, is minimized. The structural system has been used on the 54-story One Mellon Bank Center in Pittburgh. Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive chanllenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings. Framed tube. As discussed above, the first framed tube concept for tall buildings was used for the 43-story DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building. In this building ,exterior columns were spaced at () centers, and interior columns were used as needed to support the 8-in . -thick (20-m) flat-plate concrete slabs. Tube in tube. Another system in reinforced concrete for office buildings combines the traditional shear wall construction with an exterior framed tube. The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area. The system (Fig .2), known as the tube-in-tube system , made it possible to design the world’s present tallest (714ft or 218m)lightweight concrete building ( the 52-story One Shell Plaza Building in Houston) for the unit price of a traditional shear wall structure of only 35 stories. Systems combining both concrete and steel have also been developed, an examle of which is the composite system developed by skidmore, Owings &Merril in which an exterior closely spaced framed tube in concrete envelops an interior steel framing, thereby combining the advantages of both reinforced concrete and structural steel systems. The 52-story One Shell Square Building in New Orleans is based on this system. Steel construction refers to a broad range of building construction in which steel plays the leading role. Most steel construction consists of large-scale buildings or engineering works, with the steel generally in the form of beams, girders, bars, plates, and other members shaped through the hot-rolled process. Despite the increased use of other materials, steel construction remained a major outlet for the steel industries of the , , , Japan, West German, France, and other steel producers in the 1970s Early history. The history of steel construction begins paradoxically several decades before the introduction of the Bessemer and the Siemens-Martin (openj-hearth) processes made it possible to produce steel in quantities sufficient for structure use. Many of problems of steel construction were studied earlier in connection with iron construction, which began with the Coalbrookdale Bridge, built in cast iron over the Severn River in England in 1777. This and subsequent iron bridge work, in addition to the construction of steam boilers and iron ship hulls , spurred the development of techniques for fabricating, designing, and jioning. The advantages of iron over masonry lay in the much smaller amounts of material required. The truss form, based on the resistance of the triangle to deformation, long used in timber, was translated effectively into iron, with cast iron being used for compression , those bearing the weight of direct loading-and wrought iron being used for tension , those bearing the pull of suspended loading. The technique for passing iron, heated to the plastic state, between rolls to form flat and rounded bars, was developed as early as 1800;by 1819 angle irons were rolled; and in 1849 the first I beams, feet () long , were fabricated as roof girders for a Paris railroad station. Two years later Joseph Paxton of England built the Crystal Palace for the London Exposition of 1851. He is said to have conceived the idea of cage construction-using relatively slender iron beams as a skeleton for the glass walls of a large, open structure. Resistance to wind forces in the Crystal palace was provided by diagonal iron rods. Two feature are particularly important in the history of metal construction; first, the use of latticed girder, which are small trusses, a form first developed in timber bridges and other structures and translated into metal by Paxton ; and second, the joining of wrought-iron tension members and cast-iron compression members by means of rivets inserted while hot. In 1853 the first metal floor beams were rolled for the Cooper Union Building in New York. In the light of the principal market demand for iron beams at the time, it is not surprising that the Cooper Union beams closely resembled railroad rails. The development of the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes in the 1850s and 1860s suddenly open the way to the use of steel for structural purpose. Stronger than iron in both tension and compression ,the newly available metal was seized on by imaginative engineers, notably by those involved in building the great number of heavy railroad bridges then in demand in Britain, Europe, and the . A notable example was the Eads Bridge, also known as the St. Louis Bridge, in St. Louis (1867-1874), in which tubular steel ribs were used to form arches with a span of more than 500ft (). In Britain, the Firth of Forth cantilever bridge (1883-90) employed tubular struts, some 12 ft () in diameter and 350 ft (107m) long. Such bridges and other structures were important in leading to the development and enforcement of standards and codification of permissible design stresses. The lack of adequate theoretical knowledge, and even of an adequate basis for theoretical studies, limited the value of stress analysis during the early years of the 20th century,as iccasionally failures,such as that of a cantilever bridge in Quebec in 1907, failures were rare in the metal-skeleton office buildings;the simplicity of their design proved highly practical even in the absence of sophisticated analysis techniques. Throughout the first third of the century, ordinary carbon steel, without any special alloy strengthening or hardening, was universally used. The possibilities inherent in metal construction for high-rise building was demonstrated to the world by the Paris Exposition of which Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, a leading French bridge engineer, erected an openwork metal tower 300m (984 ft) high. Not only was the height-more than double that of the Great Pyramid-remarkable, but the speed of erection and low cost were even more so, a small crew completed the work in a few months. The first skyscrapers. Meantime, in the United States another important development was taking place. In 1884-85 Maj. William Le Baron Jenney, a Chicago engineer , had designed the Home Insurance Building, ten stories high, with a metal skeleton. Jenney’s beams were of Bessemer steel, though his columns were cast iron. Cast iron lintels supporting masonry over window openings were, in turn, supported on the cast iron columns. Soild masonry court and party walls provided lateral support against wind loading. Within a decade the same type of construction had been used in more than 30 office buildings in Chicago and New York. Steel played a larger and larger role in these , with riveted connections for beams and columns, sometimes strengthened for wind bracing by overlaying gusset plates at the junction of vertical and horizontal members. Light masonry curtain walls, supported at each floor level, replaced the old heavy masonry curtain walls, supported at each floor level , replaced the oldheavy masonry. Though the new construction form was to remain centred almost entirely in America for several decade, its impact on the steel industry was worldwide. By the last years of the 19th century, the basic structural shapes-I beams up to 20 in. ( ) in depth and Z and T shapes of lesser proportions were readily available, to combine with plates of several widths and thicknesses to make efficient members of any required size and strength. In 1885 the heaviest structural shape produced through hot-rolling weighed less than 100 pounds (45 kilograms) per foot; decade by decade this figure rose until in the 1960s it exceeded 700 pounds (320 kilograms) per foot. Coincident with the introduction of structural steel came the introduction of the Otis electric elevator in 1889. The demonstration of a safe passenger elevator, together with that of a safe and economical steel construction method, sent building heights soaring. In New York the 286-ft () Flatiron Building of 1902 was surpassed in 1904 by the 375-ft (115-m) Times Building ( renamed the Allied Chemical Building) , the 468-ft (143-m) City Investing Company Building in Wall Street, the 612-ft (187-m) Singer Building (1908), the 700-ft (214-m) Metropolitan Tower (1909) and, in 1913, the 780-ft (232-m) Woolworth Building. The rapid increase in height and the height-to-width ratio brought problems. To limit street congestion, building setback design was prescribed. On the technical side, the problem of lateral support was studied. A diagonal bracing system, such as that used in the Eiffel Tower, was not architecturally desirable in offices relying on sunlight for illumination. The answer was found in greater reliance on the bending resistance of certain individual beams and columns strategically designed into the skeletn frame, together with a high degree of rigidity sought at the junction of the beams and columns. With today’s modern interior lighting systems, however, diagonal bracing against wind loads has returned; one notable example is the John Hancock Center in Chicago, where the external X-braces form a dramatic part of the structure’s façade. World War I brought an interruption to the boom in what had come to be called skyscrapers (the origin of the word is uncertain), but in the 1920s New York saw a resumption of the height race, culminating in the Empire State Building in the 1931. The Empire State’s 102 stories (1,250ft. [381m]) were to keep it established as the hightest building in the world for the next 40 years. Its speed of the erection demonstrated how thoroughly the new construction technique had been mastered. A depot across the bay at Bayonne, ., supplied the girders by lighter and truck on a schedule operated with millitary precision; nine derricks powerde by electric hoists lifted the girders to position; an industrial-railway setup moved steel and other material on each floor. Initial connections were made by bolting , closely followed by riveting, followed by masonry and finishing. The entire job was completed in one year and 45 days. The worldwide depression of the 1930s and World War II provided another interruption to steel construction development, but at the same time the introduction of welding to replace riveting provided an important advance. Joining of steel parts by metal are welding had been successfully achieved by the end of the 19th century and was used in emergency ship repairs during World War I, but its application to construction was limited until after World War II. Another advance in the same area had been the introduction of high-strength bolts to replace rivets in field connections. Since the close of World War II, research in Europe, the ., and Japan has greatly extended knowledge of the behavior of different types of structural steel under varying stresses, including those exceeding the yield point, making possible more refined and systematic analysis. This in turn has led to the adoption of more liberal design codes in most countries, more imaginative design made possible by so-called plastic design ?The introduction of the computer by short-cutting tedious paperwork, made further advances and savings possible.

关于钢结构在建筑结构设计中存在的问题分析论文

1钢结构设计概述

随着建筑施工工艺的提升，刚性结构建筑施工逐渐取代混凝土施工建设，为了保证钢结构施工建设的质量，拓宽了钢结构的施工建设领域。

结构布置的依据

钢结构的设计应该从经济和物理两个角度进行判断：一方面，钢结构在施工建设过程中运用时一定要确保其经济成本比较低，能够容易让业主接受;另一方面;为了确保钢结构的设计质量和施工质量，要提升钢结构的物理承受能力，具体表现在结构布局上，这方面应该严格综合考虑其体系特征、荷载的性质以及分布情况。一般情况下要是力学模型清晰、刚度均匀，要尽量限制的影响范围是大荷载及其移动荷载等，使它把线路能够直接的传递到基础。尤其要注意的是，柱间抗侧支撑的一定要均匀分布，共形心要尽可能地向风震的作用线靠近，否则就必须考虑整体结构的扭转以及结构抗侧的多道防线。

结构分析和工程判定

当代建筑通过计算机软件系统的结构分析技术改变了传统的结构分析方法，提高了分析工作的工作效率，同时也提高了分析数据的高度准确性，然而我们应该意识到，鉴于工程在实际施工中会出现很多突发性状况，再加上其地质复杂，所以必须要结合相应的人工实地考察结果来分析软件，只有这样才能使结构分析更具有可操作性。

建筑钢结构的特点

钢结构之所以被广大施工单位所重视，之所以占据了建材市场巨大比例，主要是因为：首先，钢结构较为匀称。在一定应力的条件下，钢结构受力所产生的实际弹性与理想中的计算数据较为接近，材质和内部结构较为稳定。其次，钢材强度比一般的建材强度要高，而且其体积要小于一般的建材，建筑施工时可用面积较大。而且钢材内部结构排列精密，自身重量较轻，在遇到突发自然灾害时能够降低建筑物自重，同时降低整个工程的造价。最后，钢材不同于钢筋等材料，其具有较强的可塑性，不会出现因载重过量而发生折断的现象，这主要是因为钢材内部对应力平衡把握以及对外来作用力的合理分配。

2钢结构在建筑结构设计中的问题

设计质量下降

进行钢结构设计所需的人力和物力资源比一般的建筑方案设计要大得多，而且其设计时间期限一般较短，所给予的设计经费较少，设计任务量又较大，因此，钢结构设计任务经常出现无人接收问题，就算设计任务被接受，其设计质量也往往是差强人意。施工单位在承包一项工程后，往往会将这个工程的钢结构设计任务进行转包，因为施工单位很少有具备专业钢结构设计资格的，但是由于工程转包的设计单位可能也缺乏相应的经验和人才，此情况下往往会因为建筑市场的混乱而造成钢结构设计工作的失败。而且，由于缺乏相应的监督制度和法律规范文件，一般很难采取有效措施进行整治，这就造成钢结构设计质量普遍下滑的局面。

参与建设人员的素质相对不高

钢结构设计工作本身就是一项任务繁重的工作，而当前建筑钢结构设计行业又普遍存在设计人员专业素质缺乏的现象，这更加突出了钢结构设计的问题。除了设计人员的专业素质缺乏之外，施工单位往往也存在施工人员和高层管理人员缺乏专业素质和职业素养的现象。不论是什么工作，工作人员都是保证工作质量的关键所在，而钢结构设计工作更是如此。所以，建筑企业必须认识到这一问题的重要性，积极提高当前钢结构设计人员和施工人员以及高层管理人员的专业素质和职业素养。

对国外设计方案不加变通

我国钢结构设计工作相较于外国先进国家来说存在一定差距，因此，我国钢结构设计师经常在进行钢结构设计工作时借鉴外国的设计方案。当然，适当的借鉴是允许的，但是，我国大部分的设计人员对待外国设计方案都是推崇、照搬照抄，根本没有考虑设计方案的适用性，没有结合本国的实际情况进行修改，将其方案不加变通地挪用到我国钢结构设计工作中，造成建筑企业的.经济损失。还存在一些设计人员，不切实际，进行设计任务时，思维过于天马行空，根本不结合实际情况。

3钢结构在建筑结构设计中的改进措施

建筑钢结构设计的思路和步骤

为了能够使钢结构的设计更具有科学性，设计人员就应该严格按照既定的设计方案进行操作，而且要注意将不同环节的细节工作具体落实到位。

钢结构的形式与布置。钢结构主要有框架、平面架、网架、索膜、轻钢以及塔桅等结构形式。每个形式都有其各自的特点，工程在选型的时候应该结合具体的情况考虑它们的特点。钢结构的形式虽然比较多，但是其施工并没有固定的标准和规律供参照，因此，设计人员一定要对客观分析建筑施工的实际情况和周边环境，进而综合考量，最终确定最优方案。

图纸的编制。图纸是建筑施工的蓝本，所以为了确保钢结构施工建设的质量，设计工作人员必须运用科学的设计方法对图纸进行设计，同时要对图纸进行反复的操作性判断，组织专业素质好、工作经验丰富的设计团队进行全体的讨论，最终确定。

针对钢结构设计的合理化建议

钢结构设计对建筑工程质量而言有着决定性的作用，因此必须对钢结构设计工作进行严格的监督检测，健全相应的监督制度，加强制度执行力度。而若想做好对设计工作的监督和检测工作，就必须完善相应的管理制度，例如监督制度、检测制度以及对设计人员的奖惩制度等，只有用奖惩制度激励设计人员，用监督制度督促设计人员，用检测制度去保证设计方案的质量，才能保证钢结构设计的最终完工质量。而在这些管理制度制定和执行的过程中，可以借鉴相关的法律文件进行完善。

在进行设计工作时，无论是自己进行创新还是借鉴外国先进的设计方案作品，都要根据自己的实际情况来进行钢结构设计任务。只有保证建筑物结构的稳定性以及建筑的使用性能，这里的使用性能即建筑物的舒适性、健康性以及自由性，才能说明这个钢结构设计的成功。而且，在设计时要充分考虑到钢结构在建筑物内部的作用和载重性能，要遵循一般的规律和原则进行设计工作。

进行钢结构设计工作时不能只追求表面功能，要将其功能性深入化，提高其设计深度。要考虑建筑物所能遇到的多种环境状况，并根据这些环境状况来设计钢结构的使用性能，以此提高建筑物的使用年限。这样优质的钢结构设计成果还能够为设计单位树立品牌和提高信誉度。钢结构设计方案完成后，不能立刻投入施工中，要对其进行重重的审查，只有满足多重审核之后，充分保证了设计方案的合理、科学性之后，才能将设计方案正式投入施工，这样能够避免设计施工的风险。

4结语

综上所述，钢结构在建筑结构领域中担任着重要的角色，必须重视对钢结构的设计。在进行设计方案时要注意上述几个需要关注的重点，提高钢结构设计方案的质量，保证钢结构的稳定性和安全性，从而保证建筑物的结构质量。

这个人是直接在网上复制的！不是他写的！