电能表方面毕业论文

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Since the electronic type electric energy meter from last centuries90 time rise in domestic shouldUse, now has more than 10 years of development history, but as a result of the technology, application of pushWide aspects, in the current market share is not high. Intelligent electricTable is based on this, in recent years before the development of practical function more richElectric energy meter, it has a series of advantages and functions, is the traditional induction meter can not beCompared to meters in the structure, principle and characteristicsPrincipleElectronic type intelligent electric meter, the electronic meter based on, in recent years the development ofLaunch high-tech products, its composition, working principle and the traditional inductive energyTable has the very big difference. Induction type meter is mainly composed of aluminum plate, current and voltage lineRing, permanent magnet and other elements, its working principle is mainly through the current coil andDynamic disks in induction vortex interaction for measurement. Electronic type intelligent electricTable is mainly composed of electronic components, its working principle is based on customer firstElectric voltage and current sampling in real time, and then use special electric energy meter IC, onSampling the voltage and current signals are processed and converted into electrical energy, and directly proportional to the pulseImpulse output, finally through the single chip to carry on processing, control, display for electric pulseQuantity and output. We usually get smart metering of electricity when the A / D converter byThe number of pulses called pulse constant, for intelligent electric meter, which is one less than theThe more important constant, because the A / D converter in unit time by the number of pulsesA how many, will directly decide the meter measuring accuracy. The intelligent meterMostly uses a A / D converter design principles, but also some manufacturersProduction of the multi-user centralized intelligent electric meter with multiple families sharing one A / D conversionDevice, so that the electric energy measurement can only use time-sharing queuing to, will cause the meterQuantity accuracy declines, it should pay attention to in design and type to the adoption of electronic integrated circuit design, coupled with a remote communicationFunction, can connect with computer and the software control, and therefore, inductiveTable, smart meter no matter whether in performance or function have a greatAdvantage.(1) power: due to the adoption of smart meters electronic components design, therefore aAs each power is only 016w ~017W left and right sides, for multi-user centralizedIntelligent electric meter, the average household power is smaller. While each inductionMeter power consumption is about 117w.(2) accuracy: Table error range,210 electric energy meter in5% ~ 400% calibration current range measurement error of + 2%, and the current generalAll applications are accurate grade 110 level, the error is smaller. Induction ammeterError range from + 186% to -517%, but due to mechanical wear thisTo overcome the defects, leading to the induction watthour meter walked more and more slowly, the final error more and moreLarge. The State Grid has the induction meter to undertake selectiving examination, the results found that more than 50%Induction type meter in use5 years later, the error will exceed the permissible range.(3), the frequency range of overload overload multiples: smart meters up to 6To 8 times, with a wide range of. At present 8to 10ratio table is more and moreMulti user choice, and some can even reach20rate in wide range. Working frequencyRate of wide, in the 40HZ ~ 1000HZ range. While induction meter overload timesCount as only 4 times, and the working frequency range is only 45~ 55HZ.(4): smart meters due to the use of electronic technology, can be achieved by phaseThe communication protocol with the computer networking, through software programming the hardwareControl and management. Therefore the intelligent meter not only has the characteristics of small size, but also with theRemote control ( remote meter reading, remote cutting-supplying electricity ), multi-rate, identification of malignant load, electricity anti-stealing electricity, prepaid expenses and other functions, and can pass on the control software ofWith the parameter modification, to meet the different requirements of control functions, and these functions onIn the traditional induction meter it is difficult or meter function applicationAccording to the design of some engineering examples, the different characteristics, different engineeringElectrical properties, different use place, how to reasonably choose different functional characteristics of intelligentMeter, make some of shallow discuss.分享到

你连个题目也不给···以下是范文，也许对你有帮助浅谈住宅电气设计随着我国社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的极大提高，各类家用电器逐渐增多，特别是空调、大荧屏彩电等大功率电器进入普通家庭，使住宅设计由原来纯照明向多功能的方向发展。1、住宅用电负荷的预测我们将住宅面积分为三类：小型住宅60m2以下，中型住宅60～100m2，大型住宅100m2以上。一般小型住宅照明用电负荷500W，娱乐用电(包括电视机、音响、电脑等)负荷950W，厨房用电(包括电饭煲、电热开水器等)负荷3500W，卫生间用电(洗衣机、排气扇)负荷1170W，空调用电负荷2250W，综合上述各类用电负荷共8370W，中型住宅乘系数10881W，大型住宅乘系数21762W。根据统计调查，一般住宅用电负荷的高峰期是夏天晚饭后的时间，这时用电负荷有：电视、电冰箱、电热开水器、消毒碗柜、电脑、空调，共有住宅用电负荷的40%，查设计手册得需要系数～，所以根据实际情况，我们设计时取系数便可以，则小型住宅负荷计算取，中型住宅负荷计算取，大型住宅负荷计算取即可。2、住宅的电源与配电系统小康住宅供电由小区变配电所引入，应采用三相四线(TN-C系统)，经重复接地后进入单元总电表开关箱，改成三相五线制(TN-S系统)后再放射到各用户，配电箱中应有短路、过载、漏电保护，断路器应选用能同时切断相线--中性线的断路器。住宅用电负荷计量应采用一户一表制，建议将单元总开关及分户电能表集中设置以便管理。户内配电系统：随着家用电器的增多，为避免电气线路过载和降低谐波电压的影响，户内配电系统应采用多回路形式，至少应设照明回路、一般插座回路和空调回路，如实际需要也可将厨房和淋浴室设为单独回路。此外考虑到家庭办公和信息化的发展，还应增加一条专用回路。3、导线及电器设备的选择室内外导线及电器设备的选择合理与否，直接关系到住宅用电的安全及经济效益，因而必须在工程设计中合理选用导线和有关电器设备。(1)导线的选择：导线的选择主要是确定导线的型号和规格，其原则是既能保证配电的质量与安全又能节省材料，做到既经济又合理。其中导线型号应按使用工作电压及敷设环境来选择；导线的规格(导线截面)可按下列要求进行选择：①有足够的机械强度。为防止出现断线事故，导线必须有足够的机械强度，一般照明回路计算电流较小时(＜10A)，其导线都应按机械强度选择。②能确保导线安全运行。选择导线时应保证其安全电流大于长期最大负载电流，同时应注意以下几点：a．在选择进户线及干线截面时应留有适当余量；b．单相制中的中性线应与相线截面相同；c．三相四线制中的中性线载流量不应小于线路中的最大不平衡负荷电流。用于接中性线保护的中性线，其电导不应小于该线路相线电导的50%，气体放电灯的照明线路因受三次谐波电流的影响，其中性线截面应按最大一相电流选用。③能确保电压质量。对于住宅建筑来说，电源引入端至负荷末端的线路电压损失不应大于，如线路电压损失值大于规定电压损失允许值，应加大导线截面以保证线路的电压质量。总之，在选择导线时要考虑实际使用及未来发展需要，适当留有余量，减少电压损失，保证导线使用的安全可靠和经济有效。(2)电器设备的选择：电器设备主要指电源配电箱、电表、控制开关、漏电保护开关及电源插座等。电器设备的选择合理与否直接影响工程的质量。选用时应根据住宅的负荷情况、安装要求、使用环境、设备的工作电压和工作电流等合理选择电器设备的型号规格，注意设备的容量等级宁大勿小，但又要避免选得过大造成浪费，一般来说在计算工作电流的基础上选大一级即可。为确保其质量，应选用符合国际电工委员会IEC标准和国内GB、JB有关行业标准，并具有产品质量认可证书的电器产品。总之，电器设备的选择尽可能做到安全可靠和经济合理。4、防雷与接地(1)防雷内容与措施。防雷内容一般可分为：防直击雷，防感应雷及防高电位入侵三个内容。就防直击雷而言，一般是在屋面易受雷击部位安装接闪器，然后通过引下线与接地电阻很小的接地装置可靠连接，安装时要注意屋面突出的金属部件与避雷针、带、网应全部可靠连接。目前一般利用屋面板钢筋作为避雷网，柱主钢筋作为引下线，基础钢筋作为接地装置，这是较为实用经济的作法。为了防止感应雷和高电位入侵的危害，可在电缆进出户处将绝缘子的铁脚支架可靠接地，同时安装避雷器或其它型式的过电压保护器。此外要强调进行等电位联结，也就是在设计施工中要把建筑物内、附近的所有金属物用电气的方法连接起来使整座建筑物空间成为一个良好的等电位体，这样能有效地降低建筑物内部和附近不同金属部件间的电位差，从而避免内部的设备被高电位反击和人被雷击的事故。(2)安全接地的形式与要求。在住宅电气设计建设中为确保电器设备和人身安全务必做好用电系统的安全接地。目前我国的住宅配电系统方式一般有三种：TT、TN-C-S和TN-S系统，在进行设计施工时可根据实际情况选择接地系统。以下着重谈谈住宅配电系统中的保护接地。在中性点不接地的低压供电系统中，电气设备必须保护接地，接地电阻R≤4Ω。在中性点直接接地的低压供电系统中既可采用保护接地，也可采用保护接中性线。为确保接中性线保护系统的安全可靠，必须将中性线干线或支线的终端再次接地，这称为重复接地。重复接地有以下作用：增大流过线路保护装置的电流使其加速动作，从而减轻或避免事故的发生；设置重复接地后可降低漏电设备的对地电压，减少触电的危险程度。为确保接中性线保护的安全可靠，按规定必须做到以下几点：①重复接地的接地电阻必须小于10Ω；②保护接中性线的其电导不得小于线路中相线电导的一半；③在任何情况下，同一供电系统中不可一部分电气设备采用"保护接地"，另一部份采用"保护接中性线"；④用于接中性线保护的中性线不能安装带熔丝的开关或熔断器。此外，随着家用电器的增多及智能化的发展，应作好防静电接地和屏蔽接地工作。5、消防系统大型现代住宅中由于电气设备越多就越容易发生火灾，因此应安装完善的消防系统。笔者认为大型现代住宅在电气消防方面应做到以下几点：(1)供电电源应采用两路方式，一路为市电电源，另一路为应急电源；(2)有应急照明系统；(3)应用手动响鸣火警警报系统，如可能，可加装火灾自动报警系统；(4)开关和导线应选用符合防火规范的开关和阻燃型的电线电缆。6、智能化发展在科学技术日新月异的今天，随着微机自动检测及控制技术、计算机网络技术、通讯技术的发展，楼宇智能化的实现已成为可能。未来的住宅楼应有一个由检测单元、执行单元、数据采集单元、控制单元和微机组成的智能监控系统，由该系统对楼宇内的设备运行、电气故障、火灾、盗情等进行集中监控。再设置综合布线系统，将一定区域内的楼宇按星型拓朴结构建成小区局域网，进而所有局域网连接，同时与公安、消防、电讯、广播住宅管理等部门连网从而建成城市住宅管理信息网络，实现住宅的全天候、全方位监控和管理。综上所述，随着人民生活水平的提高和科学技术的发展，住宅电气的设计建设也应跟上时代的步伐。在保证安全可靠、经济实用的基础上引入高科技技术，使人们的生活更美好。